Places Associated with St. James in Compostela and the Surrounding Area 2 3
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
1 Places associated with St. James in Compostela and the surrounding area 2 3 THE ANCIENT GATES OF SANTIAGO AND HIS THE CITY, BONAVAL AND PILGRIMS IN THE STREETS PLACES ASSOCIATED SANTA MARÍA DO CAMIÑO OF COMPOSTELA WITH ST. JAMES IN pág. 6 pág. 35 FROM CASAS REAIS TO THE IN THE ALAMEDA QUINTANA AND ANTEALTARES pág. 37 COMPOSTELA AND THE pág. 7 SANTA MARÍA DO SAR, THE CATHEDRAL OF SANTA MARÍA DE CONXO AND SURROUNDING AREA SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA THE CASTLE OF A ROCHA VELLA pág. 10 pág. 37 REGARDING THE ENTRANCES Monte do GOZO AND FACADES OF THE BASILICA pág. 39 pág. 12 Monte Pedroso THE CATHEDRAL AREAS MOST pág. 40 LINKED TO THE JACOBEAN PILGRIMAGE Pico Sacro pág. 14 pág. 40 THE GRAND HALL OF EUROPE Iria Flavia pág. 28 pág. 41 Published by: Xunta de Galicia-Turismo de Galicia Text: Área de Cultura Xacobea-S.A. de Xestión do Plan Xacobeo FROM THE FRANCISCAN PADRÓN AND THE Translation: Orchestra Systems, S.L. CONVENT TO THE MONASTERY SANTIAGUIÑO DO MONTE Photographs: Margen Fotografía / With the collaboration of the OF PINARIO pág. 43 Fundación Catedral de Santiago pág. 31 Design and layout: ta ta ta Printing: Gráficas Lasa, S.L. DE MAZarelos A Solovio D.L.: C 2325-2016 pág. 33 Santiago de Compostela is the the Apostle Saint James the end of the ways which have Greater, decapitated in Jeru- PLACES ASSOCIATED the tomb of Santiago el Ma- salem by order of Herod Agri- yor as their destination. This ppa in the year 44, transferred WITH ST. JAMES IN universal city arose around to Galicia and buried together the Jacobean sepulchre which with his disciples Theodo- appeared between 820 and re and Athanasius, who were COMPOSTELA AND THE 830, due to the testimony of honoured with the mission the hermit Paio, who had seen to transfer the body of their SURROUNDING AREA lights shining in the night master from the beaches of and sought the help of Bishop Palestine. The Jacobean relics Teodomiro de Iria. The bis- were guarded at the end of the hop went into the wood of Li- ancient world – the finis te- bredón and found a cemetery rrae–, where Saint James had with an outstanding mauso- preached the Gospel, accor- leum covered by weeds. In- ding to the Breviarium apos- side this sepulchral aedicu- tolorum and other texts pre- le he identified the tomb of vious to the discovery. Cathedral Chapter, as is evidenced by the scallop shells worked into the lintels. The 6 7 THE ANCIENT GATES Chapel of San Pedro de Fóra is situated OF THE CITY, BONAVAL in this street. It was built at the begin- AND SANTA MARÍA ning of the XIX century on the ruins of a DO CAMIÑO monastic church cited in the XII century in Book V of the Codex Calixtinus. At the In the Middles Ages, the pilgrims end of the street is located the cruceiro do who arrived in the city in order to ven- Home Santo (Stone Cross of the Holy Man), erate the Apostol entered by one of the of the XV century, and whose name re- seven gates in the wall. According to fers to San Vicente Ferrer. Book V of the Codex Calixtinus, these In the vicinity, on a rising, is situated were the French Gate (the main entrance the Convent of Bonaval, the location of for pilgrims); the Gate of la Peña; the Gate the Museo do Pobo Galego (Museum of Subfratibus (today of San Francisco); of the Galician People). According to tra- the Gate of the Santo Peregrino (of the dition, it was founded by Santo Domin- Trinidad); the Faxeira, which led to Pa- go de Guzmán in 1219, after his pilgrim- drón; of Susannis (today of the Mámoa); age to Santiago. Of the primitive Gothic and the Gate of Mazarelos. The gate of el convent of the XIV century there only Church of San Domingos de Bonaval Camino is reached through the Rúa de remains the church, with a Latin cross San Pedro, a street with noble houses, layout, from whose pulpit the Domini- sas Reais, an urban artery of noble Praza do Campo (today of Cervan- several of which are the property of the can Vicente Ferrer, canonised in 1455, buildings, Santa María do Camiño tes), the location of an urban market promoted the pilgrimage to Oviedo and appears on the left. This is a church since the Middles Ages until the be- Compostela in 1412. The building was of medieval origin rebuilt in 1770 by ginning of the XX century. Houses reformed at the end of the XVII century Miguel Ferro Caaveiro, master builder of the XVIII and XIX centuries are by Archbishop Fray Antonio de Mon- of the Cathedral. Inside is the tym- conserved in this square, one of roy, with the direction of Domingo de panum of the Epiphany of 1425, the which was the Town Hall between Andrade, creator of the facades of the chapel of the Condes de Amarante 1583 and 1787. The Church of San convent and of the church, besides the (XVI century) and a collection of al- Bieito do Campo is cited in Book V triple spiral stairway inside. The church tarpieces of the second half of the of the Codex Calixtinus; it was rebuilt contains the Panteón de Galegos Ilus- XVIII century. in 1795 by Melchor de Prado in the tres (Pantheon of Illustrious Galicians), neoclassical style. Inside there are containing the writers Rosalía de Castro, altarpieces, frescos and painting, as Alfredo Brañas and Ramón Cabanillas, well as a Gothic tympanum with the the cartographer Domingo Fontán, the Epiphany scene from the now disap- sculptor Asorey and Castelao, politician, FROM CASAS REAIS peared medieval church. artist and writer. TO THE QUINTANA The Rúa de Xerusalén joins this Having passed through the Gate AND ANTEALTARES square with that of San Miguel dos of the Camino the Rúa de Entremuros Agros, where there was a pilgrim can be seen on the right adapted to The Rúa das Casas Reais leads to hospital in the XII century attended the curve of the wall which has dis- the general Chapel of Ánimas (Holy by the Order of the Santo Sepulcro appeared. Following the Rúa das Ca- Souls), of the XVIII century, and the de Jerusalén. Following the Rúa da Gate of the Camino Acibechería, this connects with the Andrade in the Quintana de Vivos as discovered by Bishop Teodomiro, King among the altarpieces in the interior Vía Sacra and reaches the Quintana a Baroque response to the plain wall Alfonso II ordered a monastic com- is the main altarpiece (1714), the work 8 9 and the Puerta Santa. Besides the of Antealtares. munity to take care of the devotion of Francisco de Castro Canseco. Cathedral, the Quintana, was once This monastery, which forms part to the Apostle. In time, the monks Facing the Rúa de Antealtares the the cemetery of the city, it now has of the origins of the city through its changed to the monastery of Pinario monastery presents a monumental buildings from the XVII century remembrances, keeps the primitive and Antealtares became a monastic Baroque façade. Outstanding are the sponsored by the Chapter, such as altar of the Apostle Santiago in its mu- house for women, whose Benedictine main doorway, constructed by Mel- the Casa da Conga, built by Andrade seum of sacred art. This altar formed community continues to our time, at- chor de Velasco between 1658 and and finished by Fernando de Casas, part of the two pre-Romanic basilicas. tending to the church built between 1669, organised with Doric columns and the Casa da Parra (1683), built by Once identified, the relics of Santiago 1700-07 by Fray Gabriel de Casas and and recesses with San Paio (ion the Pedro García. It has a Greek cross lay- left) and San Benito (on the right), and out and a classical elevation, with Dor- the façade of Carros, presided over by ic pillars, coffered vaults and a dome the scene of the Flight into Egypt, a in the transept. The classical façade work constructed in 1749 by Fernando has a doorway, the image of San Paio, de Casas, with an attic by Lucas Ferro a shield and pediment. Outstanding Caaveiro. Church of Santa María do Camiño Praza do Campo (today, de Cervantes) and Church of San Bieito do Campo 10 THE CATHEDRAL OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA The church built in the time of Teodomiro and Alfonso II was the first to be used for the devotion to the Apostle, replaced by the Basilica of Alfonso III, consecrated in 899. This church was damaged by Alman- zor in 997, but it remained until the XII century, when it was demolished in order to leave room for the grand church of the pilgrimage. The city and the kingdom show their respect and veneration with the elevation of the Romanic Cathedral, begun in 1075 by Alfonso VI and Bishop Diego Peláez. A project which was fostered in the first half of the XII century by Diego Gelmírez, the first Archbishop of Santiago, who brought prestige to the bishopric and to Compostela, and promoted the pilgrimage. In the Low Middle Ages, the Cathedral grew in chapels and defensive towers, and in the XIII century a new sanctuary (unfinished) and the primitive cloister was constructed and replaced in the XVI century by the current one. Dur- ing the XVII and XVIII centuries, the Baroque culture left its mark on tow- ers, facades, chapels and altarpieces; a tradition continued in the enlighten- ment.