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History Timeline from 13.7 Billion Years Ago to August 2013. 1 of 588 Pages This PDF History Timeline Has Been Extracted
History Timeline from 13.7 Billion Years ago to August 2013. 1 of 588 pages This PDF History Timeline has been extracted from the History World web site's time line. The PDF is a very simplified version of the History World timeline. The PDF is stripped of all the links found on that timeline. If an entry attracts your interest and you want further detail, click on the link at the foot of each of the PDF pages and query the subject or the PDF entry on the web site, or simply do an internet search. When I saw the History World timeline I wanted a copy of it for myself and my family in a form that we could access off-line, on demand, on the device of our choice. This PDF is the result. What attracted me particularly about the History World timeline is that each event, which might be earth shattering in itself with a wealth of detail sufficient to write volumes on, and indeed many such events have had volumes written on them, is presented as a sort of pared down news head-line. Basic unadorned fact. Also, the History World timeline is multi-faceted. Most historic works focus on their own area of interest and ignore seemingly unrelated events, but this timeline offers glimpses of cross-sections of history for any given time, embracing art, politics, war, nations, religions, cultures and science, just to mention a few elements covered. The view is fascinating. Then there is always the question of what should be included and what excluded. -
1777 Map of Philadelphia and Parts Adjacent - a Poetose Notebook / Journal / Diary (50 Pages/25 Sheets) Pdf, Epub, Ebook
1777 MAP OF PHILADELPHIA AND PARTS ADJACENT - A POETOSE NOTEBOOK / JOURNAL / DIARY (50 PAGES/25 SHEETS) PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Poetose Press | 52 pages | 27 Aug 2019 | Poetose Press | 9781646720361 | English | none 1777 Map of Philadelphia and Parts Adjacent - A Poetose Notebook / Journal / Diary (50 pages/25 sheets) PDF Book In he had a safe-conduct to pass into England or across the sea. Bremen, Kunsthalle. The paintings had been discovered by advancing American troops in wartime storage in the salt mine at Merkers in , had been shipped to the United States aboard the Army transport James Parker in December of that year and stored in the vaults of the National Gallery in Washington. Photograph: Calvin Reinhold seated at his desk painting Frame: 12" x 10". Little did they know how skilled these boys were from playing on an uneven, rock infested dirt court. There are also copies of the obituary of W. This fact was consistent with the four-element theory. Pair of Rococo Revival rosewood parlor chairs, attributed to John Henry Belter , carved in the Rosalie with Grape pattern, laminated shield backs, carved skirt and cabriole legs, mounted with casters. Lucinda Maberry, Mrs. Florence: Centre di Firenze, Information on the charge of common ions can be obtained from the periodic table. Records of the Rev. The records for Emanuel County begin on page 78 and end on page Box 30 ca. Nancy Carmichael, b. Tear lower right margin, approx. A web portfolio is shown via the internet so it can be viewed or downloaded remotely or by anyone with access to the web. -
International and National Standards on Dimensional Coordination, Modular Coordination, Tolerances and Joints in Building
L N S T < fr STAND & tech r.i.c. A111D0 ms rn | mi i i Nii i PUBLICATIONS A111D4 NBSIR 79-1 791 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ON DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION, MODULAR COORDINATION, TOLERANCES AND JOINTS IN BUILDING August 1979 79-1791 wauitfaaS' Bureau of 'Stsird&rfe DEC 1 2 19 79 rxoi free. -Cc cc. Si (Lx go NBSIR 79-1791 LI j ? I INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ON DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION, MODULAR COORDINATION, c« TOLERANCES AND JOINTS IN BUILDING Hans J. Milton Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division Center for Building Technology National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, D C. 20234 August 1979 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Under Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Director : , ABSTRACT This Interim Report lists international, regional (multi-national), and national standards dealing with the principles and practical application of modular and dimensional coordination in building, including joints and tolerances. The document shows the widespread adoption of the international building module (M) , of 100 mm, as a basis for dimensional standardization in building design, production and construction. The listing comprises a total of 26 international and regional standards (ISO, COPANT, ICAITI) and well over 500 foreign national standards. Where available, brief summaries of contents have been included, as well as titles or subtitles in English. Appendixes are included to illustrate international coopera- tion on the subject, and include a multi-lingual vocabulary for twenty of the key terms used in modular coordination. -
Persons Index
Architectural History Vol. 1-46 INDEX OF PERSONS Note: A list of architects and others known to have used Coade stone is included in 28 91-2n.2. Membership of this list is indicated below by [c] following the name and profession. A list of architects working in Leeds between 1800 & 1850 is included in 38 188; these architects are marked by [L]. A table of architects attending meetings in 1834 to establish the Institute of British Architects appears on 39 79: these architects are marked by [I]. A list of honorary & corresponding members of the IBA is given on 39 100-01; these members are marked by [H]. A list of published country-house inventories between 1488 & 1644 is given in 41 24-8; owners, testators &c are marked below with [inv] and are listed separately in the Index of Topics. A Aalto, Alvar (architect), 39 189, 192; Turku, Turun Sanomat, 39 126 Abadie, Paul (architect & vandal), 46 195, 224n.64; Angoulême, cath. (rest.), 46 223nn.61-2, Hôtel de Ville, 46 223n.61-2, St Pierre (rest.), 46 224n.63; Cahors cath (rest.), 46 224n.63; Périgueux, St Front (rest.), 46 192, 198, 224n.64 Abbey, Edwin (painter), 34 208 Abbott, John I (stuccoist), 41 49 Abbott, John II (stuccoist): ‘The Sources of John Abbott’s Pattern Book’ (Bath), 41 49-66* Abdallah, Emir of Transjordan, 43 289 Abell, Thornton (architect), 33 173 Abercorn, 8th Earl of (of Duddingston), 29 181; Lady (of Cavendish Sq, London), 37 72 Abercrombie, Sir Patrick (town planner & teacher), 24 104-5, 30 156, 34 209, 46 284, 286-8; professor of town planning, Univ. -
Costs and Financial Benefits of Undertaking Green Building Assessments
Costs and Financial Benefits of Undertaking Green Building Assessments Final Report Contents 0 Research Highlights............................................................................................................ 1 0.1 Cost Premiums for Green Building Assessments in Hong Kong........................................ 1 0.2 Certified Green Buildings .................................................................................................... 2 0.3 Potential Financial Benefits................................................................................................. 2 0.4 Green Building Assessments in Hong Kong....................................................................... 3 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 HK-BEAM............................................................................................................................ 6 1.3 Timeline............................................................................................................................... 6 2 Green Building Assessments.............................................................................................. 7 2.1 Green Building Concepts .................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Certified Green Buildings ................................................................................................. -
The Right to Being Surrounded by Beauty - by Dalibor Borák 11 08 24
The right to being surrounded by beauty - by Dalibor Borák 11_08_24 1. The World and Man were created beautiful From the exalted source and out of the essence of His favour and bounty He hath entrusted every created thing with a sign of His knowledge, so that none of His creatures may be deprived of its share in expressing, each according to its capacity and rank, this knowledge. This sign is the mirror of His beauty in the world of creation. (Baha'u'llah, Gleanings from the Writings of Baha'u'llah, p. 261) On the globe are only two types of materialised Environment. The original Environment - Nature which was not touched by hand of Man and so called Build Environment where activity of man could be traced. Praha It seems that there is general agreement that The Nature is beautiful. The problem appears when we try to evaluate the other type of Environment. The original source – power of creation was apparently more successful than we are. Ios - Chora The question is : could the creativity performed by Man produce the Quality, in our case Beauty on the level performed by the original creation (or at least close to it) and are there some principles which being used result in similar quality? Český Krumlov 2. The society seeks for The Beauty – The Truth – The Fairness The experience of "beauty" often involves the interpretation of some entity as being in balance and harmony, which may lead to feelings of attraction and emotional well-being Many philosophers connect Beauty with truth. This approach is deeply anchored in tradition of Civilisation and reflexes even in languages. -
International and National Standards on Dimensional Coordination, Modular Coordination, Tolerances and Joints
A111D3 7 3 2 M fl breau of Standards Bldg. |AT'L INST E-01 Admin. OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C. CT I 1981 A1 11 03073248 n , rna,lonal and natlona 00™ ?!i?,^U57 N0.5J J? 131092 95, 1980 C.1 NBS-PUB-C 19 NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 595 foo U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards X X INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ON DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION, MODULAR COORDINATION, TOLERANCES AND JOINTS IN BUILDING NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services. -
Three Musical Interpretations of Le Corbusier's Modulor
Radoslav Zuk Research School of Architecture Three Musical Interpretations of Le McGill University 815 Sherbrooke Street West Corbusier’s Modulor Montreal QC, H3A 2K6 Abstract. The frequent evocative comparisons between music CANADA and architecture in the text of the Modulor may explain why Le [email protected] Corbusier, in this constant search for ordering principles, Keywords: architecture, considered his proportional sequence to be equivalent to a music, proportions, Le musical scale. Yet, since the dimensional ratios of Le Corbusier, Modulor Corbusier’s ‘scale’ are much larger than the pitch ratios of the latter, the Modulor comes much closer to another structural element of music, that of harmony. By adjusting the Modulor ratios to the corresponding ratios of musical chords, three variants of a “musical” Modulor can be generated – Chromatic, Major and Minor. If, in addition, the two sets of the male- based Modulor dimensions are replaced with a universal female-male set, the inherently complex Modulor numbers become simpler and clear. The Master’s intention of producing a rational and practical system of proportions, which is related to both the scale of the human being, and to the order inherent in the physical nature of sound, can thus be realized. Introduction It is commonly known that in his mature works Le Corbusier applied the Modulor, a system of architectural proportions, which he had developed in the 1940s over a period of some seven years [Le Corbusier 1954 (2000): 83]. What is probably not as well known is the role that music may have played in this development. The Modulor constitutes a mathematical structure of specific interrelated dimensional ratios. -
IEC 60917-1 ® Edition 2.0 2019-09
Nofurtherreproductionordistributionispermitted. Copyrighted materiallicensedtoUniversityofTorontobyClarivateAnalytics(US)LLC,subscriptions.techstreet.com,downloadedon2019-11-2708:51:55+0000User. IEC 60917-1 ® Edition 2.0 2019-09 REDLINE VERSION colour inside Modular order for the development of mechanical structures for electrical and electronic equipment practices – Part 1: Generic standard IEC 60917-1:2019-09 RLV(en) RLV(en) IEC 60917-1:2019-09 Nofurtherreproductionordistributionispermitted. Copyrighted materiallicensedtoUniversityofTorontobyClarivateAnalytics(US)LLC,subscriptions.techstreet.com,downloadedon2019-11-2708:51:55+0000User. THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2019 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 3, rue de Varembé [email protected] CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch Switzerland About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic -
Sections Beyond Golden
BRIDGES Mathematical Connections in Art, Music, and Science Sections Beyond Golden Peter Steinbach Albuquerque Technical-Vocational Institute Albuquerque NM 87106 [email protected] Over the centuries, the Fine Arts have celebmted seveml special. numerical ratios and proportions for their visual dynamics or balance and sometimes for their musical potential. From the golden ratio to the sacred cut, numerical relationships are at the heart of some of the greatest works of Nature and of Western design. This article introduces to interdisciplinary designers three newly-discovered numerical relations and summarizes current knowledge about them~ Together with the golden ratio they form a golden family, and though not well understood yet, they are very compelling, both as mathematical diversions and as design elements. They also point toward an interesting geometry problem that is not yet solved. (Some of these ideas also appear in [5] in more technical language.) I. Sections and proportions First I want to clarify what is meant by golden ratio, golden mean, golden section and golden proportion. When a line is cut (sected) by a point, three segments are induced: the two parts and the whole. Where would you cut a segment so that the three lengths fit a proportion? Since a proportion has four entries, one of the three lengths must be repeated, and a little experimentation will show that you must repeat the larger part created by the cut. Figure 1 shows the golden section and golden proportion. The larger part, a, is the mean of the extremes, b and a + b. As the Greeks put it The whole is to the larger part as the larger is to the smaller part. -
Introduction to Theory and History of Architecture SBEA 1513
Introduction to Theory and History of Architecture SBEA 1513 Introduction to Theory of Modern Architecture & Theory of Proportion Dr. Alice Sabrina Ismail l Dr. Hazrina Haja Bava Mohidin Introduction THEORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE • Theory of architecture is important as it sets the basic understanding of design before architects design a building into reality. • It is a framework or a process that helps to answer the meaning and understanding of architecture vocabulary such as the chosen element of architecture. 5 MAIN Theory of modern architecture a)Theory of Proportion b)Organic Architecture c)Form Follows Function d)Theory of Style e)Theory of Communication Theory of Proportion • Proportion & Scale • Material Proportions – All materials have rational proportions – Inherent strength & weaknesses • Structural Proportions – Structural tasks – Visual indicators of size & scale • Manufactured Proportions – manufacturing Three Proportioning System • Proportion & Ratio done by comparing two or more elements (Architecture with its surrounding context) eg: building and site elements such as human being, trees etc. • Proportion & Ration done by comparing elements on the subject ( Architecture and its architectural features) eg: building and its windows, doors, arch, column to column, floor levels etc. • Mathematical ratio. Theory of Proportion • Golden Ratio • Classical Orders • Renaissance Theories • Modulor • Ken • Anthropometry • Scale Golden Ratio •Originated from Ancient Greek civilization •A proportion between two dimensions of a plane figure or two divisions of a line, in which the ration of the smaller to the larger is the same as the ratio of the larger to the whole: a ratio of approx. 0.618 to 1.000. A redrawn image of Golden Ratio The geometric construction of the Golden Section, first by extension and then by division https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden- ratio-construction.png • A rectangle whose sides are proportioned according to the Golden Section is known as a Golden Rectangle. -
Ratio and the Divine Proportions: Le Corbusier and Rudolf Wittkower
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.743 Ratio and the Divine Proportions: Le Corbusier and Rudolf Wittkower J. Kirk Irwin MPhil/PhD student at Birkbeck, University of London Abstract: This paper will evaluate Le Corbusier’s notion of ratio as expressed in his Modulor and Modulor 2. Particular emphasis will be placed on the dialogue (or polemical exchange) between Rudolf Wittkower and Le Corbusier contained within Modulor 2 concerning the nature of the Divine Proporzione. The historiography of this area of art and architecture includes a vigorous debate from the mid-twentieth century among Modernist architects and art historians over the nature of the Divine Proportions. It is in this context that the dialogue between Le Corbusier and Wittkower occurs. Le Corbusier describes human form with a Fibonacci-based number system expressed through a universally applied system of measure, Le Modulor. Wittkower describes a set of harmonic proportions, conceptually universal, that describe the essence of Renaissance Architecture. Both influenced the course of Modern Architecture in the late twentieth-century. Keywords: Le Modulor, Wittkower. “Past decisions – customs – habits – all these stay with us through the most overwhelming events, disturbing, constricting, wantonly interfering with the free play of the mind.” 1 Even with the abundance of material written on the subject, Le Corbusier’s Le Modulor continues to present several opportunities for research. Perhaps because it was through this text that Le Corbusier’s method of measure received international attention, or perhaps because he proposed the Modulor as a tool applicable for all scales of design from that of a person to an entire city, or perhaps because of the oddly anthropomorphic qualities of the Modulor Man, Le Modulor continues to fascinate even those with a casual interest in twentieth-century Modernism.