FALL 2009 - Volume 56, Number 3 Refueling Freedom Around the World
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FALL 2009 - Volume 56, Number 3 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG Refueling Freedom Around the World EADS tankers have been selected by U.S. allies worldwide, including Australia, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and are operational today in the German and Canadian air forces. As a member of the KC-45 Tanker team, EADS North America is proud to support Northrop Grumman with this proven, world-class capability. EADS – setting the global standard in modern aerial refueling www.eadsnorthamerica.com FALL 2009 - Volume 56, Number 3 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG Features Frank Luke Jr.: A Dauntless Spirit Blaine Pardoe 4 When the Thunderbirds Flew the Thunderchief W. Howard Plunkett 14 Project Emily and Thor IRBM Readiness in the United Kingdom, 1955-1960 L. Parker Temple III and Peter L. Portanova 26 Readers’ Note: McNamara and the Air Force Herman S. Wolk 52 Book Reviews The War That Never Ends: New Perspectives on the Vietnam War By David L. Anderson and John Ernst Reviewed by David J. Schepp 54 The Hellish Vortex: Between Breakfast and Dinner By Richard M. Baughn. Reviewed by Jeffrey P. Joyce 54 Malaula: The Battle Cry of Jasta 17 By Julius Buckler Reviewed by Daniel J. Simonsen 54 Decision at Strasbourg: Ike’s Strategic Mistake to Halt the Sixth Army Group at the Rhine in 1944 By David P. Colley Reviewed by Curtis H. O’Sullivan 55 Hell Hawks!: The Untold Story of the American Fliers Who Savaged Hitler’s Wermacht By Robert F. Dorr and Thomas D. Jones Reviewed by Mark R. Cordero 55 Flying the SR–71 Blackbird: In the Cockpit on a Secret Operational Mission By Col Richard H. Graham Reviewed by Joe McCue 56 The Arnold Scheme: British Pilots, the American South, and the Allies’ Daring Plan By Gilbert S. Guinn Reviewed by Robin Higham 56 NATO’S Air War for Kosovo: A Strategic and Operational Assessment By Benjamin S. Lambeth Reviewed by Robert Oliver 57 The Art of Command: Military Leadership from George Washington to Colin Powell By Harry S. Laver & Jeffery J. Matthews Reviewed by Curtis H. O’Sullivan 57 Les Materials de l’Armee de L’Aire #6: Dassault Mirage F1, Tome 2. Mirage F1CR et CT By Frédéric Lert Reviewed by Daniel J. Simonsen 58 No. 501 (County of Gloucester) Squadron 1939-1945: Hurricane, Spitfire, Tempest By David Watkins & Phil Listemann Reviewed by Daniel J. Simonsen 58 Contrails over the Mojave: The Golden Age of Jet Flight Testing at Edwards AFB By George J. Marrett. Reviewed by R. Ray Ortensie 59 Operation Plum: The Ill-fated 27th Bombardment Group and the Fight for the Western Pacific By Adrian Martin & Larry Stephenson Reviewed by Roger G. Miller 59 In Their Own Words: True Stories and Adventures of the American Fighter Ace By James A. Oleson Reviewed by Daniel J. Simonsen 60 John Warden and the Renaissance of American Air Power By John Andreas Olsen Reviewed by Robert Oliver 60 Kamikazes, Corsairs, and Picket Ships: Okinawa, 1945 By Robin L. Rielly Reviewed by Scott A. Willey 61 Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery By Terri Tanielian & Lisa H. Jaycox Reviewed by Lizbeth A. Drury-Zemke 61 ‘Flak’ Houses Then and Now: American Rest Homes in England during WW II By Keith Thomas Reviewed by Daniel J. Simonsen 62 Air Power in the New Counterinsurgency Era: The Strategic Importance of USAF Advisory and Assistance Missions By Alan J. Vick Reviewed by R. Ray Ortensie 62 Departments Books Received 63 Foundation Notes and the new Foundation President 64 Letters and News 69 History Mystery 72 COVER: Air-to-air view of four F-105 Thunderchief aircraft from Hill Air Force Base, Utah. (USAF Photo) The Air Force Historical Foundation The Journal of the Air Force Historical Foundation Fall 2009 Volume 56 Number 3 Publisher Alfred F. Hurley Editor Jacob Neufeld Technical Editor Robert F. Dorr Air Force Historical Foundation Book Review Editor P.O. Box 790 Scott A. Willey Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Layout and Typesetting (301) 736-1959 Richard I. Wolf Advertising E-mail: [email protected] Tom Bradley On the Web at http://www.afhistoricalfoundation.org Circulation Officers, 2009 Board of Directors, 2009 Tom Bradley President/Chairman of the Board and Col Kenneth J. Alnwick, USAF (Ret.) Chair, Executive Committee Lt Gen Russell C. Davis, USAF (Ret.) Air Power History (ISSN 1044-016X) Maj Gen Dale W. Meyerrose, USAF (Ret) CMSgt Rick Dean, USAF (Ret.) is produced for Spring, Summer, Fall, and 1st Vice Chairman Maj Gen Kenneth M. DeCuir, USAF (Ret.) Winter by the Air Force Historical Foun- Gen John A. Shaud, USAF (Ret) Gen Ronald R. Fogleman, USAF (Ret.) dation. 2nd Vice Chairman and Chair, Col Richard G. Hellier, USAF (Ret.) Development Committee Brig Gen Alfred F. Hurley, USAF (Ret.) Prospective contributors should consult the Maj Gen Silas R. Johnson, Jr., USAF (Ret) Maj Gen Silas R. Johnson, Jr., USAF (Ret.) GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS at the back of this journal. Unsolicited manu- Treasurer and Chair, Lt Gen Timothy A. Kinnan, USAF (Ret.) scripts will be returned only on specific Finance Committee Mr John F. Kreis request. The Editor cannot accept responsi- Lt Col Lawrence Spinetta, USAF Maj Gen Dale W. Meyerrose, USAF (Ret) bility for any damage to or loss of the man- Chair, Membership Committee Mr Jacob Neufeld uscript. The Editor reserves the right to Col Richard G. Hellier, USAF (Ret.) Gen John A. Shaud, USAF (Ret.) edit manuscripts and letters. Chair, Services Committee Lt Col Lawrence Spinetta, USAF Maj Willard Strandberg, Jr., USAF (Ret) Maj Willard Strandberg, Jr., USAF (Ret.) Address Letters to the Editor to: Chair, Technology Committee Col Jere Wallace, USAF (Ret.) Air Power History Maj Gen Kenneth M. DeCuir, USAF (Ret.) 11908 Gainsborough Rd. Publisher CORPORATE SPONSORS, 2009 Potomac, MD 20854 Brig Gen Alfred F. Hurley, USAF (Ret) e-mail: [email protected] Secretary and Executive Director Platinum Level ($20,000 or more) Col Tom Bradley, USAF (Ret) Lockheed Martin Corporation Correspondence regarding missed issues or changes of address should be addressed Gold Level ($10,000 or more) to the Circulation Office: Contributing Members, 2008-2009 The Boeing Company EADS North America Air Power History The individuals and companies listed are con- Rolls-Royce North America P.O. Box 790 tributing members of the Air Force Historical Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Foundation. The Foundation Directors and Silver Level ($5,000 or more) Telephone: (301) 736-1959 members are grateful for their support and Pratt & Whitney e-mail: [email protected] L-3 Communications contributions to preserving, perpetuating, Advertising and publishing the history and traditions of Bronze Level ($1,500 or more) American aviation. Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation Tom Bradley Rockwell Collins P.O. Box 790 Col Kenneth J. Alnwick, USAF (Ret.) General Dynamics Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Anonymous (301) 736-1959 CMSgt Rick Dean, USAF (Ret.) e-mail: [email protected] Brig Gen Alfred F. Hurley, USAF (Ret.) Copyright © 2009 by the Air Force Maj Gen Charles D. Link, USAF (Ret.) Historical Foundation. All rights reserved. Col Kenneth Moll, USAF (Ret.) Periodicals postage paid at Clinton, MD Mr and Mrs Malcolm Muir, Jr. 20735 and additional mailing offices. Lt Gen and Mrs Michael A. Nelson, USAF (Ret.) Mr and Mrs Jacob Neufeld Postmaster: Please send change of Col Helen E. O’Day, USAF (Ret.) address to the Circulation Office. Maj Gen and Mrs John S. Patton, USAF (Ret.) Gen W. Y. Smith, USAF (Ret.) 2 AIR POWER History / FALL 2009 From the Editor The Fall 2009 issue begins with the feature story of Frank Luke, Jr., the famed World War I American ace. Best selling author, Blaine Pardoe, follows Luke’s military exploits from the time he had acquired the nickname, “wild man in the air,” until Luke emerged as the scourge of the German balloonists. Luke’s recklessness and courage transformed him into a media sensation and Medal of Honor recipient. In addition, Pardoe also offers a plausible explanation regarding Luke’s death. During 1964, the U.S. Air Force’s first-line fighter units in the United States, Germany, and Japan were equipped with the Republic-built F–105B Thunderchief. The Air Force’s transition to the “Thud” was beset by numerous accidents that revealed design and manufacturing deficien- cies. Caught up in this turmoil was the Air Force’s Thunderbirds aerobatic team. Howard Plunkett recounts how the F–105 was selected, the modifications that were applied, the team that performed in the six shows leading to the fatal accident, and the aftermath. In the third article, Parker Temple and Peter Portanova, tell the story of the deployment of the U.S. Air Force’s Thor IRBM—Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile—to the United Kingdom, beginning in 1958. The authors describe Thor’s rapid development, the Cold War era imperative to counter the Soviet Union’s missile threat, the Cuban Missile Crisis, Thor’s obsolescence, and the emergence of the Air Force’s Atlas ICBM. The recent death of former Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara provides an opportunity to consider his relationship with the U.S. Air Force. Readers will want to turn to the “Readers’ Note: McNamara and the Air Force,” pages 52-53, where Herman S. Wolk, the former Senior Air Force Historian, and an interviewer of Mr. McNamara, presents an essay on the subject. Included in this issue are nineteen book reviews and a list of new books received. News items, Foundation Notes, letters to the editor, and the History Mystery appear in their regular places. Undoubtedly, the top news item in this issue, concerns the succession of the leadership of the Air Force Historical Foundation.