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Intro to Lit Session 4 3/28/2011 Versification/Metrical Scansion Four Standard Feet The study of the principles of verse structure, 1. Iambic (the noun is “iamb”): one unstressed including meter, rhyme and other sound syllable followed by one stressed syllable. effects, and stanzaic patterns. Ǐ sáw | thĕ ský | dĕscénd | ĭng bláck | ănd whíte 1. Rhythm: the pattern in the beat of the stresses Thĕ cúr | fĕw tólls | thĕ knéll | ŏf párt | ĭnggy dáy in the stream of sound. 2. Meter: the pattern of stressed (accented) 2. Trochaic (the noun is “trochee”): a stressed followed by a light syllable. sounds. 3. Rhyme: the ending sound of a line. Lét hĕr | líve tŏ | eárn hĕr | dínnĕrs 4. Foot: the basic unit of measurement in a line. Thére thĕy | áre mў | fíftў | mén ănd | wómĕn 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 1 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 2 3. Anapestic (the noun is “anapest”): two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed Metrical Line syllable Æ a rising meter.meter. Thĕre ăre mán|ў whŏ sáy | thăt ă dóg | hăs hĭs dáy A metrical line consists of one or more feet and is named for the number of feet in it. Ăs cáme | tŏ thĕ éédgedge | ŏf thĕ wóods Ǐ Monometer : a line consisting of one foot. Dimeter : a line containing two metrical feet 4. DtliDactylic (the noun is “dac ty l”): one s tresse d Trimeter : a line containing three metrical feet syllable followed by two unstressed syllables Æ Tetrameter : a line containing four metrical feet a falling meter. Pentameter : a line containing five metrical feet. Hexameter : a line containing six metrical feet. Táke hĕr ŭp | téndĕrlў Lieptameter : a line containing seven metrical feet. Éve, wĭth hĕr | báskĕt, wăs Octameter : a line containing eight metrical feet. Deép ĭn thĕ | bélls ănd grăss 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 3 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 4 Thomas Hardy THE MAN HE KILLED (1840(1840--1928)1928) Thomas Hardy (1840(1840--1928)1928) Born at Higher Bockhampton, Dorset, on June 2, 1840. His father worked as a master mason and builder. Had he and I but met From his father he gained an appreciation of music, and from his mother an appetite for learning and the delights of the countryside By some old ancient inn, about his rural home. Published his first novel, Desperate Remedies in 1871, but not We should have sat us down to wet successful. Began to be popular after publishing Under the Greenwood Tree Right many a nipperkin! in 1872, in addition to A Pair of Blue Eyes, Far From the Madding Crowd, Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), But ranged as infantry, The Woodlanders (1887), and Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891). For the rest of his life Hardy focussed on poetry, producing several And staring face to face, collections, including Wessex Poems (1898). I shot at him as he at me, And killed him in his place. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 5 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 6 1 3/28/2011 I shot him dead because -- THE MAN HE KILLED Because he was my foe, Thomas Hardy (1840(1840--1928)1928) Just so: my foe of course he was; That's clear enough; although He thought he'd 'list, perhaps, OffOff--handhand--likelike ------justjust as I---I--- Was out of work -- had sold his traps --- Had he and I but met No other reason why. By some old ancient inn, Yes; quaint and curious war is! You shoot a fellow down We should have sat us down to wet You'd treat, if met where any bar is, Right many a nipperkin! Or help to half a crown. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 7 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 8 But ranged as infantry, I shot him dead because -- And staring face to face, Because he was my foe, I shot at him as he at me, Just so: my foe of course he was; And killed him in his place. That's clear enough; although 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 9 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 10 He thought he'd 'list, perhaps, Yes; quaint and curious war is! OffOff--handhand--likelike ------justjust as I---I--- You shoot a fellow down Was out of work -- had sold his traps --- You'd treat, if met where any bar is, No other reason why. Or help to half a crown. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 11 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 12 2 3/28/2011 Emily Dickinson I GAVE MYSELF TO HIM (1830(1830--1886)1886) Emily Dickinson (1830(1830--1886)1886) Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1830 I gave myself to him, Attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley but returned home after one year And took himself for pay. Seldom left her house and visitors were scarce The solemn contract of a life Lived in almost total physical isolation from the outside world by the 1860s , but actively maintained many Was ratified this way . correspondences Her poetry reflects her loneliness The wealth might disappoint, Heavily influenced by the Metaphysical poets of the 17th Myself a poorer prove century (Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning and John Keats) Than this great purchaser suspect, The first volume of her work was published posthumously in 1890 and the last in 1955 The daily own of love 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 13 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 14 I GAVE MYSELF TO HIM Emily Dickinson (1830(1830--1886)1886) Depreciate the vision; But till the merchant buy, Still fable in the Isles of Spice The subtle cargoes lie. I gave myself to him, At least 'tis mutual risk, And took himself for pay. Some found it mutual gain: The solemn contract of a life Sweet debt of life, each night to owe, Insolvent every noon Was ratified this way. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 15 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 16 The wealth might disappoint, Depreciate the vision; Myself a poorer prove But till the merchant buy, Than this great purchaser suspect, Still fable in the Isles of Spice The daily own of love The subtle cargoes lie. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 17 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 18 3 3/28/2011 IS MY TEAM PLOUGHING A.E. Housman (1859(1859--1936)1936) “Is my team ploughing, That I was used to drive And hear the harness jingle At least 'tis mutual risk, When I was man alive?” Some found it mutual gain: Aye, the horses trample, 5 Sweet debt of life, each night to owe, The harness jingles now; Insolvent every noon No change though you lie under The land you used to plough. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 19 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 20 “Is my girl happy, That I thought hard to leave, And has she tired of weeping “Is football playing As she lies down at eve?” 20 Along the river shore, 10 With lads to chase the leather, Now I stand up no more?” Aye, she lies down lightly, Aye, the ball is flying, She lies not down to weep; The lads play heart and soul; Your girl is well contented The goal stands up, the keeper 15 Stands up to keep the goal. Be still, my lad, and sleep. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 21 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 22 Thank You For Your Kind Attention “Is my friend hearty, 25 Now I am thin and pine; rot And has he found to sleep in And for Your Participation A better bed than mine?” Yes, lad, I lie easy, See You Next Week I lie as lads would choose; 30 I cheer a dead man’s sweetheart, Good Bye Never ask me whose. 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 23 3/28/2011 Intro. to Lit./M.Thoyibi/Session 4 24 4.
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