Where to Learn More 1

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland WHERE TO LEARN MORE 1. Puget Lowland forests Bull, E. L. C.G. Parks, and T.R. Torgersen. 1997. Trees and logs important to wildlife in the interior Columbia River basin. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-391. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, OR. U.S. https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr391/

Bunnell, F.L. I. Houde, B. Johnston, and E. Wind. 2002. How dead trees sustain live organisms in western forests. Pp. 291-318 in W.F. Laudenslayer Jr., P.J. Shea, B.E. Valentine, C.P. Weatherspoon, T.E. Lisle, and E. Thomas. 2002. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests Reno, NV. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181. U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany CA. https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-181/025_BunnellHoude.pdf

Chappell, C.B. 2006. Upland plant associations of the Puget Trough ecoregion, Washington. Natural Heritage Report 2006-01. Washington Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, Olympia, WA. http://www1.dnr.wa.gov/nhp/refdesk/communities/ Elman, E., and N. Salisbury. 2009. The State of Seattle’s Conifer Forests. Seattle Urban Nature. 14 pp. http://www.seattle.gov/trees/docs/2009_State_of_Conifers.pdf

Franklin, J.F., K. Cromack, Jr., W. Denison, A. McKee, C. Maser, J. Sedell, F. Swanson, and G. Juday. 1981. Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests. General Technical Report GTR-PNW-118. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. 48 pp. https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr118.pdf McPherson, E.G., and J.R.Simpson. 1999. Carbon Dioxide Reduction through Urban Forestry: Guidelines for Professional and Volunteer Tree Planters. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-171. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. 237 pp. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-171/gtr-171.pdf

Mapes, L. 2013. Secretive birds at center of ‘big collision’ between habitat, logging. Seattle Times, June 4, 2013. http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/secretive-birds-at-center-of- lsquobig-collisionrsquo-between-habitat-logging/ Maser, C., R.F. Tarrant, J.M. Trappe, and J.F. Franklin (technical editors). 1988. From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen Trees. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-229. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. 153 pp. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr229/

Ruggiero, L.F., et al. 1991. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. General Technical Report GTR-PNW-285. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. 512 pp. plus appendices. https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr285/ Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2011. Snags: The Wildlife Tree. 10 pp. http://wdfw.wa.gov/living/snags/

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

2. Puget Sound Lowland & Foothill Riparian Habitats Booth, D.B., and M.J. Fox. 2004. The Role of Large Woody Debris in Lowland Puget Sound Streams and Rivers. Center for Water and Watershed Studies. University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 46 pp. http://www.stillwatersci.com/resources/2004boothetal_PugetLowlandLWD.pdf Klamath Resource Information System. 2011. The Importance of Large Wood in Streams and Problems of Depletion. http://www.krisweb.com/stream/bigwood.htm Knutson, K. L., and V. L. Naef. 1997. Management Recommendations for Washington’s Priority Habitats: Riparian. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia. 181pp. http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/00029/wdfw00029.pdf Naiman, R.J., H. Decamps, and M. Pollock. 1993. The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications 3: 209-212. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1941822.pdf?acceptTC=true Opperman, J., A. Merenlender, and D. Lewis. 2006. Maintaining Wood in Streams: A Vital Action for Fish Conservation. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Publication 8157. 11 pp. http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8157.pdf Seavy, N.E., T. Gardali, G. H. Golet, F. T. Griggs, C, A. Howell, T. R. Kelsey, S. Small, J. H. Viers, J. F. Weigand. 2009. Why climate change makes riparian restoration more important than ever: Recommendations for Practice and Research. Ecological Restoration 27:330-338. http://er.uwpress.org/cgi/reprint/27/3/330

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

3. Wetlands Bigley, R., and S. Hull. 2000. Recognizing Wetlands and Wetland Indicator Plants on Forest Lands in Washington. Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA. 154 pp. https://www.dnr.wa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/lm_ess_recognizing_wetlands.pdf

Clark, M. 2008. Adaptations of Plants to Anaerobiosis. Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida. https://soils.ifas.ufl.edu/wetlands/teaching/Biogeo-PDF-files/Lecture-6- oxygen%20adaptations%202%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D.pdf

Erwin, K.L. 2009. Wetlands and global climate change: the role of wetland restoration in a changing world. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:71–84. http://www.wetlands.org/Portals/0/specialist%20groups/WRSG/Wetlands%20and%20Global%2 0Climate%20Change.pdf

Hoag, J.C., Norman Melvin, and Derek Tilley. 2007. Wetland Plants: Their Function, Adaptation and Relationship to Water Levels. Riparian/Wetland Project Information Series No. 21. USDA - NRCS, Plant Materials Center, Aberdeen, ID. 15 pp. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs143_010758.pdf

Kusler, J. 2006. Common questions: Wetlands, climate change, and carbon sequestering. Association of State Wetland Managers, Inc. 29 pp. https://www.aswm.org/pdf_lib/11_carbon_6_26_06.pdf

Mapes, L. 2009. Sprawl flattens frogs, other amphibians struggling to survive. Seattle Times, January 21, 2009. http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/sprawl-flattens-frogs-other- amphibians-struggling-to-survive/ Michaud, J.P. 2001. At Home with Wetlands: A Landowner’s Guide. 2nd edition. Publication 90-31. Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. 74 pp. https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/9031.pdf Society of Wetland Scientists. http://sws.org/. See especially the Education and Outreach page: http://sws.org/Resources/education-and-outreach.html

Stevens, M., and R. Vanbianchi. 1993. Restoring Wetlands in Washington. Washington Dept. of Ecology, Publication 93-17. 110 pp. Plus appendices. https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/93017.pdf

Stetson, L. 2007. Wetlands and global climate change. Association of State Wetland Managers, Inc. 9 pp. https://www.aswm.org/pdf_lib/wetlands_and_climate_change_consideratons_for_wetland_progr am_managers_0715.pdf

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Volunteer Wetland Monitoring: An Introduction and Resource Guide. EPA 843-B-00-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, Wetlands Division, Washington, DC. 41 pp. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015- 10/documents/volunteer_wetlands_monitoring_an_introduction_and_resource_guide.pdf

Welch, C., and L.V. Mapes. 2008. Saving wetlands: a broken promise. Seattle Times, May 12, 2008. http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/saving-wetlands-a-broken-promise/

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

4. Puget Sound Nearshore Aquarium of the Pacific. No date. Eelgrass, Zostera marina. http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/eelgrass/

Belleveau, L. J., J. Y. Takekawa, I. Woo, K. L. Turner, J. B. Barham, J. E. Takekawa, C. S. Ellings, and G. Chin-Leo. 2015. Vegetation community response to tidal marsh restoration of a large river estuary. Northwest Science. 89: 136-147. https://www.werc.usgs.gov/ProductDetails.aspx?ID=5401

Brennan, J.S. 2007. Marine Riparian Vegetation Communities of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Technical Report 2007-02. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. 19 pp. http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/technical_papers/riparian.pdf

Buchanan, J.B. 2006. Nearshore Birds in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Technical Report 2006-05. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. 17 pp. http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/technical_papers/shorebirds.pdf

Cereghino, P., J. Toft, C. Simenstad, E. Iverson, S. Campbell, C. Behrens, J. Burke. 2012. Strategies for nearshore protection and restoration in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Report No. 2012-01. Published by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/technical_papers/psnerp_strategies_maps.pdf

Chappell, C.B., and D.F. Giglio. 1999. Pacific madrone forests of the Puget Trough, Washington. In A.B. Adams and C.W. Hamilton, eds., The Decline of Pacific Madrone (Arbutus menziesii Pursh.): Current Theory and Research Directions. University of Washington Center for Urban Horticulture, Seattle, WA. Pp 2-11. http://soilslab.cfr.washington.edu/madrone/ch01_ch.pdf

Doughton, S. 2017. A bright spot in Puget Sound: Sealife-nurturing eelgrass beds are holding steady. Bellingham Herald, January 7, 2017. http://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/local/article125093529.html

Essington, T., T. Klinger, T. Conway-Cranos, J. Buchanan, A. James, J. Kershner, I. Logan, and J. West. 2015. The Biophysical Condition of Puget Sound: Biology. Encyclopedia of Puget Sound. University of Washington - Tacoma. https://www.eopugetsound.org/science- review/biophysical-condition-puget-sound-biology

Essington, T., T. Klinger, T. Conway-Cranos, J. Buchanan, A. James, J. Kershner, I. Logan, and J. West. 2015. The Biophysical Condition of Puget Sound: Physical Environment. Encyclopedia of Puget Sound. University of Washington - Tacoma. https://www.eopugetsound.org/science-review/biophysical-condition-puget-sound-physical- environment

Fresh K., M. Dethier, C. Simenstad, M. Logsdon, H. Shipman, C. Tanner, T. Leschine, T. Mumford, G. Gelfenbaum, R. Shuman, J. Newton. 2011. Implications of Observed

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

Anthropogenic Changes to the Nearshore Ecosystems in Puget Sound. Technical Report 2011-03. Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project. 29 pp. http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/technical_papers/implications_of_observed_ns_change.pdf

Johannessen, J. and A. MacLennan. 2007. Beaches and Bluffs of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report 2007-04. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/technical_papers/beaches_bluffs.pdf

Mapes, L. 2017. Stormwater pollution in Puget Sound streams killing coho before they can spawn. Seattle Times, September 19, 2017. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle- news/environment/stormwater-pollution-in-puget-sound-streams-killing-coho-before-they-can- spawn/

Maser, C., R.F. Tarrant, J.M. Trappe, and J.F. Franklin (technical editors). 1988. From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen Trees. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-229. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. 153 pp. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr229/

Mumford, T.F. 2007. Kelp and Eelgrass in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Technical Report 2007-05. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/technical_papers/kelp.pdf

Murphy, R., L. Orzetti and W. Johnson. 2011. Plant fact sheet for eelgrass (Zostera marina). Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Plant Materials Center. Beltsville, MD. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_PLANTMATERIALS/publications/mdpmcfs10921.pdf

Nooksack Indian Tribe. 2016. 2016 State of Our Watersheds Report: Nooksack River Basin. https://geo.nwifc.org/SOW/SOW2016_Report/Nooksack.pdf

Shelton, A.O., T.B. Francis, B.E. Feist, G.D. Williams, A. Lindquist and P.S. Levin. 2017. Forty years of seagrass population stability and resilience in an urbanizing estuary. Journal of Ecology 105: 458-470. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3248985-r1-JEC-12682- Review-Corrected-005.html

Simenstad, C.A., M. Ramirez, J. Burke, M. Logsdon, H. Shipman, C. Tanner, J. Toft, B. Craig, C. Davis, J. Fung, P. Bloch, K. Fresh, S. Campbell, D. Myers, E. Iverson, A. Bailey, P. Schlenger, C. Kiblinger, P. Myre, W. Gerstel, and A. MacLennan. 2011. Historical Change of Puget Sound Shorelines: Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Project Change Analysis. Puget Sound Nearshore Technical Report 2011-01. Published by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/technical_papers/change_analysis.pdf

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

CLIMATE CHANGE & NEARSHORE HABITATS Folger, C.L., Lee II, H., Janousek, C.N., and Reusser, D.A. 2014. Structure and Vulnerability of Pacific Northwest Tidal Wetlands – A Summary of Wetland Climate Change Research by the Western Ecology Division, U.S. EPA. U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division. EPA 601/S-14/001. https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=307905

Hood, W.G., E.E. Grossman, and C. Veldhuisen. 2016. Assessing Tidal Marsh Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise in the Skagit Delta. Northwest Science 90; 79-93. http://www.skagitclimatescience.org/research/completed-research/abstract-assessing-tidal- marsh-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-in-the-skagit-delta/ [Abstract only. Contact [email protected] for reprint]

Skagit Climate Consortium. No date. Rising Sea Levels. http://www.skagitclimatescience.org/skagit-impacts/sea-level-rise/

Tillmann, P., and D. Siemann. 2011. Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems of the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative Region. National Wildlife Federation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. https://www.nwf.org/~/media/PDFs/Global- Warming/Reports/NPLCC%20Reports/NPLCC_Marine_Climate-Effects_Draft- Final_FullReport.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20121116T1901175336

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

5. Invasive plant species identification and management Boersma, P.D., S.H. Reichard, and A.N. Van Buren. 2006. Invasive Species in the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 285 pp. City of Portland, Parks and Recreation. No Ivy League. Portland OR. http://www.noivyleague.org A fabulous website full of information about English ivy and invasive species management. See especially the tabs “Know Ivy League” and “The Ivy Files.” Ditomaso, J.M., and E.A. Healy. 2003. Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3421. 442 pp. DiTomaso, J.M., G.B. Kyser, et al. 2013. Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. Weed Research and Information Center, University of California. 544 pp. [See: Weed Research and Information Center, University of California Cooperative Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station. http://wric.ucdavis.edu/information/natural%20areas/natural_areas_common_A-B.htm This excellent resource contains individual species treatments from DiTomaso et al (2013), above] Dlugosch, K.M. 2005. Understory Community Changes Associated with English Ivy Invasions in Seattle’s Urban Parks. Northwest Science 79:53-60. http://dlugoschlab.arizona.edu/pubs/Dlugosch_2005_NWS.pdf Gray, A. N. 2005. Eight nonnative plants in western Oregon forests: Associations with environment and management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 100:109–127. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2005_gray002.pdf King County Noxious Weed Control Program. http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds.aspx Pierce County Noxious Weed Control Board. http://piercecountyweedboard.org/ Scigliano, E. 2012. Poison ivy, unholy holly, and lax weed laws. Crosscut: News of the Great Nearby. http://crosscut.com/2012/04/poison-ivy-unholy-holly-lax-weed-laws/ Taylor, R.J. 1990. Northwest Weeds: The Ugly and Beautiful Villains of Fields, Gardens, and Roadsides. Mountain Press, Missoula, MT. 177 pp. Whitson, T.D., et al. 1992. Weeds of the West. Western Society of Weed Science, Newark, CA. 630 pp. Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, WA. http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/ Zika, Peter. 2010. Invasive Hollies (Ilex, Aquifoliaceae) and Their Dispersers in the Pacific Northwest. Madroño 57(1):1-10. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41425841.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents [Article can be read online – but not downloaded – by opening a free JSTOR account]

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

6. Climate change and the Pacific Northwest The scientific and science-based popular literature on climate change in the Northwest and beyond is vast and growing. We offer the following selected resources, some of which we have already seen in other portions of the course, as only a sample of this growing body of work. WNPS encourages you to keep abreast of emerging scientific and political information regarding this critical subject. This list contains references that apply to either Eastern or Western Washington or similar ecoregions, along with some that are relevant to both. Choose the references that apply to your ecoregion or area of interest. Literature Bachelet, D., B. R. Johnson, S. D. Bridgham, P. V. Dunn, H. E. Anderson and B. M. Rogers. 2011. Climate change impacts on western Pacific Northwest prairies and savannas. Northwest Science 85:411–433. http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3955/046.085.0224 Carswell, C. 2013. The Tree Coroners. High Country News, December 9, 2013. Pp. 12-18. http://www.hcn.org/issues/45.21/the-tree-coroners [Listen to related audio: KDNK Radio (Carbondale, CO) speaks with Cally Carswell (00:05:09), December 12, 2013. http://www.hcn.org/issues/45.21/the-tree-coroners/kdnk-radio-speaks-with-cally-carswell ] Dalton, M.M., P.W. Mote, and A.K. Snover [Eds.]. 2013. Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, and Communities. Island Press, Washington, DC. 230 pp. http://cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/daltonetal678.pdf

Doppelt, B., C.S. Bretherton, N.J. Mantua, and P.W. Mote. 2009. Setting the record straight: Responses to common challenges to climate science. University of Oregon Climate Leadership Initiative, and University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. 9 pp. http://cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/doppeltetalsetting640.pdf Dunwiddie, P.W., S.A. Hall, M.W. Ingraham, J.D. Bakker, K.S. Nelson, R. Fuller, and E. Gray. 2009. Rethinking Conservation Practice in Light of Climate Change. Ecological Restoration 27: 320-329. http://faculty.washington.edu/jbakker/publications/Dunwiddie.et.al.2009.pdf Dunwiddie, P.W., T.N. Kaye, and J.D. Bakker. 2015. Is Restoration Dead? The Future of Prairie Conservation in the Pacific Northwest. Cascadia Prairie-Oak Partnership 2015 Conference, Tacoma, WA. October 26, 2015. Abstract at: http://cascadiaprairieoak.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/10/CPOP-2015-Conference_Abstracts_final.pdf (p. 12). Erwin, K.L. 2009. Wetlands and global climate change: The role of wetland restoration in a changing world. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17: 71-84. http://www.wetlands.org/Portals/0/specialist%20groups/WRSG/Wetlands%20and%20Global%2 0Climate%20Change.pdf Field, C.B., G.C. Daily, F.W. Davis, S. Gaines, P.A. Matson, J. Melack, and N.L. Miller, 1999. Confronting Climate Change in California: Ecological Impacts on the Golden State. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA and Ecological Society of America, Washington, DC. 62 pp.

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland http://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/documents/global_warming/calclimat e.pdf Harris, J.A., R.J. Hobbs, E. Higgs, and J. Aronson. 2006. Ecological Restoration and Global Climate Change. Restoration Ecology Vol. 14: 170–176. http://nctc.fws.gov/courses/csp/csp3132/resources/Climate%20Change/Ecological%20restoratio n%20and%20CC.pdf Keller, S.J. 2016. Re-engineering the ranch: A Montana rancher looks to the past to prepare for tomorrow’s climate. High Country News 48 (1): p. 9. http://www.hcn.org/issues/48.1/montana-rancher-looks-to-the-past-to-prepare-for-tomorrows- climate Lawler, J.J., T.H. Tear, C. Pyke, M.R. Shaw, P. Gonzalez, P. Kareiva, L. Hansen, L. Hannah, K. Klausmeyer, A. Aldous, C. Bienz, and S. Pearsall. 2010. Resource management in a changing and uncertain climate. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8: 35–43. http://climate.calcommons.org/sites/default/files/climatechange.pdf

Littel, J.S., E.E. Oneil, D. McKenzie, J.A. Hicke, J.A. Lutz, R.A. Norheim, and M.M. Elsner. 2010. Forest ecosystems, disturbance, and climatic change in Washington State, USA. Climatic Change 102:129-158. https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2010_littell001.pdf McDowell, N. 2012. Hearing on Current and Future Impacts of Climate Change on the Intermountain West; Focusing on Drought, Wildfire Frequency and Severity, and Ecosystems. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. 8 pp. http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=5249e432-0a79-4068-929f- a09991f3f073

McKenzie, D., and J.S. Littell. 2017. Climate change and the eco-hydrology of fire: will area burned increase in a warming western USA? Ecological Applications 27:26-36. https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2017_mckenzie001.pdf Mauger, G.S., J.H. Casola, H.A. Morgan, R.L. Strauch, B. Jones, B. Curry, T.M. Busch Isaksen, L. Whitely Binder, M.B. Krosby, and A.K. Snover. 2015. State of Knowledge: Climate Change in Puget Sound. Report prepared for the Puget Sound Partnership and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle. http://cses.washington.edu/picea/mauger/ps-sok/PS-SoK_2015.pdf Peterson, D.L., J.L. Innes, and K. O’Brian (eds.). 2001. Climate Change, Carbon, and Forestry in Northwestern North America: Proceedings of a Workshop November 14 - 15, 2001, Orcas Island, Washington. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-614. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. 117 pp. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr614.pdf Shafer, S.L., P.J. Bartlein, and R. S. Thompson. 2001. Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios. Ecosystems 4:200-215. http://geog.uoregon.edu/envchange/reprints/pdfs/Shafer-etal-Ecosys-2001.pdf Seavy, N.E., T. Gardali, G. H. Golet, F. T. Griggs, C, A. Howell, T. R. Kelsey, S. Small, J. H. Viers, J. F. Weigand. 2009. Why climate changes makes riparian restoration more

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland important than ever: Recommendations for practice and research. Ecological Restoration 27:330-338. http://er.uwpress.org/cgi/reprint/27/3/330 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the National Wildlife Federation. 2011. Summary of Climate Change Effects on Major Habitat Types in Washington State: Freshwater Aquatic and Riparian Habitats. 44 pp. http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01201/wdfw01201.pdf Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the National Wildlife Federation. 2011. Summary of Climate Change Effects on Major Habitat Types in Washington State: Forest, Alpine, and Western Prairie Habitats. 65 pp. http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01202/wdfw01202.pdf

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the National Wildlife Federation. 2011. Summary of Climate Change Effects on Major Habitat Types in Washington State: Marine and Coastal Habitats. 35 pp. http://www.nwf.org/pdf/Climate-Smart- Conservation/WDFW_Marine.pdf

Whitely Binder, L., H. Morgan, and D. Siemann. 2017. Preparing Washington State Parks for Climate Impacts: A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Washington State Parks. A collaboration of the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission and the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. Seattle, WA. https://cig.uw.edu/wp- content/uploads/sites/2/2014/11/WA-Parks-Vulnerability-Assessment.pdf

Climate change web pages Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: http://ipcc.ch/ Real Climate: www.realclimate.org University of Washington Climate Impacts Group: https://cig.uw.edu/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Climate Change in the Pacific Northwest. http://www.fws.gov/pacific/Climatechange/changepnw.html Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Climate Change page: http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/climate_change/ Access WDFW’s own climate change summaries and other materials, along with many links to additional sources.

WNPS Native Plant Stewardship Program Rivers & Forests of Whatcom County & the Northern Puget Lowland

7. Miscellaneous and general references Apostol, D. and M. Sinclair. 2006. Restoring the Pacific Northwest: The Art and Science of Ecological Restoration in Cascadia. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 506 pp. Franklin, J.F., and C.T. Dyrness. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-008. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. 427 pp. http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/26203

Kruckeberg, A.R. 1991. The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 468 pp.

Society for Ecological Restoration International. 2004. SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration (Version 2). Society for Ecological Restoration Science and Policy Working Group. http://www.ser.org/resources/resources-detail-view/ser-international-primer- on-ecological-restoration Sorenson, D.G. 2012. Puget Lowland Ecoregion. Pp. 43-50 in B.M. Sleeter, T.S. Wilson, and W. Acevedo (eds.), Status and Trends of Land Change in the Western United States—1973 to 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794–A. http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter02.pdf

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2005. Ecoregions: Washington’s Ecoregional Conservation Strategy. Chapter 6, pp. 257-555, in Washington's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/00727/chapter_vi.pdf