HABS Nos MD-329-1 United States Naval Academy Annapolis Anne Arundel County Maryland ^ A6$
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The Academy Chapel (Cathedral of the Nsvy) HABS Nos MD-329-1 United States Naval Academy Annapolis Anne Arundel County Maryland ^ A6$ 2 \p$/\ PHOTOGRAPHS HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA Historic American Buildings Survey National Architectural and Engineering Record National Parks Service Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 HA6 2 HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY US 11 THE ACADEMY CHAPEL (Cathedral of the Navy) HABS No. MD-329-1 Location: United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Present Owner: United States Government Present Occupant U.S, Naval Academy-^Chapel and Use: Significance: One of the major components of Ernest Flagg's grandiose plan for the Naval Academy. The chapel is a large and imposing exercise in the beaux-arts style. Its copper clad dome dominates the grounds of the Academy and is one of the dominant features of the Annapolis townscape. PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History: 1. Dates of erection: The cornerstone was laid on June 3, 1904 by Admiral George Deweyv The chapel was dedicated on May 24, 1908. The crypt was begun (designed) in 1911. The dome was rebuilt in 1929.. The nave was extended in 1939 and dedicated on June 3, 1940, 2. Architect: Ernest Flagg - original chapel. Warren and Wetmore - crypt. (Sarcophagus by sculptor Sylvan Salteres). Paul Cret ■* nave extension. 3. Builders, etc.: a. Original work done by Noel Construction Company, Baltimore, Maryland. b. 1929 re-roofing of the chapel done by Commerce Iron Works, Baltimore. D. M. Andrews, contractor; according to working drawings, 507-34-50. c. Extension done by Irwin and Leighton, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, January 6, 1939, to April 18, 1940. 4. Original Plans and Construction: The building was originally a Greek cross, central-plan church. The elevation of the entrance facade was essentially the same as it is today. The granite in the existing building is that which was used in the original facade. The original bed-mouldings and mutules of the main cornice were terra-cotta in imitation of granite. There was a THE ACADEMY CHAPEL (Cathedral of the Navy) HABS No. MD-329-1 (Page 2) competition for the design of the bronze doors which was won by Miss Evelyn Longman, whose entry was published in the American Architect of April 21, 1906, No. 1582. The doors were finally installed in 1909.. Beyond the entrance foyer, a small trans- verse rectangular space, was the vestibule, roughly square in plan, wftli the organ loft above, There were doors from the- three Interior sides of the vestibule, that on axis leading directly-to the nave, those on the side giving onto subsidiary spaces Beside the-vestibule. Beyond these spaces were stairs which ascended to the gallery and descended to the crypt, which was originally left unfinished. The entire floor of the chapel was paved with limestone squares set at 45°, except for the raised floor of the chancel. The pews, which were set on raised wooden platforms, were separated by two aisles facing the chancel in the main body of the chapel, and two in each" subsidiary^ arm facing the center of the chapel. In the center of the main floor was an open oculus to light the crypt below. The organ loft was a construction of concrete faced in artificial stone resting on the piers and round arches of the vestibule. It contained the console and organ pipes in an elaborate plaster organ case. Major pipes were enclosed in a curved bank with arches through" for passage, with" end turrets on large corbels. The cental bank, was topped with a curved broken pediment with swags and anchors, and an eagle in flight. (.Drawing 1241) The galleries were unbroken from the sides of the organ loft to the windows flanking the chancel Con the south and west), with major seating in. the transepts. The railings were the same as at present. The only gallery access was from the stairs flanking the vestibule and organ loft. The original dome and lantern were covered in terra*cottaT This dome and lantern were in the same general form as the present dome and lantern, which were Built atop the same concrete base. The eight major ribs were thus in the same position as today. The spaces between were filled with high-relief encrustations of arras, anchors, flags, helmet and cannon, with flanking swags, and with a single long swag down the center of each major rib. The lantern rested on eight brackets and took the same general form as today (Drawing 1238). ^Drawings referenced are in file No. 144, Public Works Plan vault, Halligan Hall, Naval Academy). There were trophies of armor and flags atop the piers which flanked the entrance pediment. THE ACADEMY CHAPEL (Cathedral of the Nayy). HABS No. MD-329-1 (Page 3) 5. Alterations and Additions; In 1911 the crypt was added to the bare concrete structure, which had been left for that purpose in the Flagg proposal. Architects for the crypt were Warren and Wetmore of New York. The encircling walls and colonnade were huilt of solid marble after the existing 4" concrete columns were removed. The shallow octagonal vaults were faced with imitation stone within their plaster panels... There was an existing floor light directly over the sarcophagus space in the center of the chapel floor, which was filled in. (For details, see the drawings on file at the print vault of Public Works; three sheets numbered Mfsc, 507-34-14, 15, 16.) By the late ^20s the dome had begun to leak, and when a 15 pound chunk of rotunda fell to the floor in 1928, it was decided to do something. In 1929-the old terra-cotta surface and lantern were replaced with copper on the existing concrete dome and steel lantern structure; according to plans produced by the Navy Department Bureau of Yards and Docks. (Drawings #507^34-42- through 43 and 55)., In 1938, architect Paul P.. Cret designed the-nave extension, which changed the form of the building from a Greek to a Latin cross. The only architectural change to the rest of the building at tfi/fs time was the addition of new stairs at the southwest ends of the transept gallery and consequent changes to both ends of the transept galleries, The facade was not changed. The existing granite was moved forward to the new facade and re^erected. The terracotta imitation granite bed mouldings and rautules of the original facade were reproduced in granite for the new facade. The disposition of the organ is left unclear in the Cret drawings for the nave extension. It was necessary to remove the existing organ case, since ft was located above the old main doors. A photograph of a rendering in the Academy. Archives shows an elaborate organ case above the new doors, at the entrance end of the nave.. This is dated 1947, probably an erroneous date, since the organ was located in tts present position by 1940, according to dated photographs in the Archives. The drawing may have been from Cret"s offfce, or from a later scheme, but there is at present nothing to indicate that it was ever seriously considered. In any event, the twin organ cases of plaster and wood which are visible today in the south and west piers of the rotunda were in place in their present condition by 1940, and were presumably part of the Cret renovations. Their placement there necessitated the removal of the windows which were in those spaces. The south pfer contained the "Sir Galahad Window" which is now located in the east window of the rotunda. The west pier window had simple sraall-pane glazing. THE ACADEMY CHAPEL (..Cathedral of the Navy} HABS No. MD-329-1 (Page 4) Photographs in the Academy Archives show that the original pews were re-used, and that the new pews needed for the nave extension followed the same design. The "trophies" on either pier of the original entrance were not re^erected. Historical Context (from Naval Academy Archives^-draft for published handout/pamphlet t illustrated I "The present and third Chapel of the United States Naval Academy, often referred to as the Cathedral of the Navy, is the most imposing of all tfie buildings in the Yard. This structure of white brick and granite trim, whose floor plan is in the form of a Latin Cross? has a towering copper^covered dome, and it is the ftrst landmark, to greet the eye as one approaches Annapolis by air, land, or sea. Thts building was originally designed by the late Ernest flagg and th~e corner stone was laid in 1904 by Admiral George Dewey, "The late great architect, Paul Philippe Cret, designer of the Pan-American Union, Folger SHakespear Library, and the Federal Reserve Building in Washington, D,C, also designed the Chapel's extension, known as the "New Naye," This now affords a seating capacity- of 2500, The great bronze doors and e^ery stone of the former entrance were retained and serve as the present entrance. This work was completed in 1340. Flanking the entrance to the New Nave are two immense anchors formerly used by the Navy's first armored craiser, NEW YORK. "The first Chaplain, Reverend George Jones, was ordered to duty at the Academy in 1845. The first Chapel was dedicated by Chaplain Theodore Bartow in February 1854. This building was later destroyed by ffre and none of its furnishings were saved. "The second Chapel was dedicated in May 1868 and torn down in 19.Q4. One stained glass window, two altar chairs and the door key used during that period are to be found in the present edifice, In..