Volume 3 Survey and Monitoring Plans
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Cover image: Courtesey of EDF Energy — www.edfenergy.com/energy CONTENTS... 1 AT A GLANCE... 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 4 BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 5 WHAT THE PUBLIC THINK... 6 HOW NUCLEAR CREATES ENERGY... 7 HOW A REACTOR WORKS... 8 THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE... 9 MANAGING WASTE... 10 RADIATION EXPLAINED... 12 NUCLEAR AROUND THE WORLD... 14 UK NUCLEAR SITES... 16 NUCLEAR NEW BUILD... 17 NEW BUILD IN NUMBERS... 18 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE... 19 DECOMMISSIONING... 20 CAREERS IN NUCLEAR... 21 FUTHER INFORMATION... AT A GLANCE... Nuclear is a major part of our energy mix. Today it accounts for 21% of electricity generated in the UK and has been providing secure low carbon electricity for over 60 years. Low carbon energy, including There are 15 nuclear power and renewables, nuclear power account for almost 51% of the reactors operating UK’s generation electricity mix across eight sites in the UK In 2016 nuclear energy avoided 22.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions in the UK BEIS,Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2018 That’s equivalent to taking around a third of all cars in the UK off the road Civil nuclear contributes over £6 billion to the jobs in the UK civil nuclear sector UK economy as much as aerospace manufacturing 12,159 Women in civil nuclear 1,981 People on apprenticeships Three quarters of the public 914 believe nuclear should be part People on graduate schemes of the clean energy mix Jobs Map figures generated from participating NIA members 1 This simple timeline charts some of the key people, events and legislation A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.. -
My 214 Story Name: Christopher Taylor Membership Number: 3812 First Fell Climbed
My 214 Story Name: Christopher Taylor Membership number: 3812 First fell climbed: Coniston Old Man, 6 April 2003 Last fell climbed: Great End, 14 October 2019 I was a bit of a late-comer to the Lakes. My first visit was with my family when I was 15. We rented a cottage in Grange for a week at Easter. Despite my parents’ ambitious attempts to cajole my sister Cath and me up Scafell Pike and Helvellyn, the weather turned us back each time. I remember reaching Sty Head and the wind being so strong my Mum was blown over. My sister, 18 at the time, eventually just sat down in the middle of marshy ground somewhere below the Langdale Pikes and refused to walk any further. I didn’t return then until I was 28. It was my Dad’s 60th and we took a cottage in Coniston in April 2003. The Old Man of Coniston became my first summit, and I also managed to get up Helvellyn via Striding Edge with Cath and my brother-in-law Dave. Clambering along the edge and up on to the still snow-capped summit was thrilling. A love of the Lakes, and in particular reaching and walking on high ground, was finally born. Visits to the Lakes became more regular after that, but often only for a week a year as work and other commitments limited opportunities. A number of favourites established themselves: the Langdale Pikes; Lingmoor Fell; Catbells and Wansfell among them. I gradually became more ambitious in the peaks I was willing to take on. -
Community Rail in the North COMMUNITY RAIL in the NORTH
Community rail in the North COMMUNITY RAIL IN THE NORTH Community rail is a unique and growing movement comprising more than 70 community rail partnerships and 1,000 volunteer groups across Britain that help communities get the most from their railways. It is about engaging local people at grassroots level to promote social inclusion, sustainable and healthy travel, Community groups on the Northern wellbeing, economic development, and tourism. network have always been at the This involves working with train operators, local “ forefront of community engagement. authorities, and other partners to highlight local needs An increasing number of communities and opportunities, ensuring communities have a voice and individuals are benefitting from in rail and transport development. “ initiatives and projects that break down barriers, foster a more inclusive Community rail is evidenced to contribute high levels society, and build foundations for a of social, environmental, and economic value to local more sustainable future. areas, and countless stations have been transformed into hubs at the heart of the communities they serve. Carolyn Watson, Northern Evidence also shows community rail delivering life-changing benefits for individuals and families, helping people access new opportunities through sustainable travel by rail. The movement is currently looking to play a key role in the recovery of our communities post-COVID, helping them build back better and greener. The North in numbers: 20 Working along railway lines, with community industry partners, to engage local rail communities. Partnerships stretch partnerships from the Tyne Valley in Northumberland Each Year Giving (CRPs) down to Crewe in Cheshire. 0 140,000 0 Hours 350 Voluntary groups bringing stations into the heart of communities. -
Distington Parish Plan 2005
Voluntary Action Cumbria DISTINGTON CP Distington Parish Council Distington Parish Development and Action Plan 2005-2010 Prepared by Distington Parish Council The Parish Of Distington The Parish of Distington is situated four miles from Workington and Whitehaven, and ten miles from Cockermouth, and is made up of the villages of Distington, Gilgarran and Pica plus the surrounding area. The population of 2247, recorded in the 2001 census, shows a decrease of 270 on the 1995 figures which was already down 107 on the 1991 figure, making a total reduction of 377 or 10.3% in just 10yrs. This is a trend, which may have turned around since 2001, as the housing association now report that there is a waiting list for housing in the Parish. In the past, the Parish was largely dependent upon farming, coal mining, iron making and High Duty Alloys for its income. All of these industries have declined over the years. There is now no coal mining or iron making, and High Duty Alloys and farming are much reduced in the number they employ. Most of the Community now has to travel to the neighbouring towns and further a field for employment, which is made difficult for some by the scarcity of public transport, especially for those who cannot drive, and in particular the school leaver. The 1995 census showed that of the 972 households in the Parish 295 did not own a car, which is 34% a reduction of 4% on the 1995 figure of 38%. The census also showed that 19% of the residents were over 65, with a further 27% over the age of 45, statistics which many believe will have increased considerably over recent years, meaning that there will be a greater need for better public transport, and a greater demand for recreational activities. -
Investigating Effect of Clay Composition on Safety Function
THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Investigating Effect of Clay Composition on Safety Function Performance in a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 25th of September 2018 Adam Peter Sims School of Chemistry 49 Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................2 Table of Figures................................................................................................................8 Table of Tables................................................................................................................15 Commonly used Abbreviations.......................................................................................17 Abstract............................................…............….............................................................19 Declaration of Work.................................................................................................…....20 Copyright Statement....................................................................................................…21 Acknowledgements.......................................................................…............................…22 About the Author............................................................................................................23 1. Introduction and Thesis content ........................................................................ -
Complete 230 Fellranger Tick List A
THE LAKE DISTRICT FELLS – PAGE 1 A-F CICERONE Fell name Height Volume Date completed Fell name Height Volume Date completed Allen Crags 784m/2572ft Borrowdale Brock Crags 561m/1841ft Mardale and the Far East Angletarn Pikes 567m/1860ft Mardale and the Far East Broom Fell 511m/1676ft Keswick and the North Ard Crags 581m/1906ft Buttermere Buckbarrow (Corney Fell) 549m/1801ft Coniston Armboth Fell 479m/1572ft Borrowdale Buckbarrow (Wast Water) 430m/1411ft Wasdale Arnison Crag 434m/1424ft Patterdale Calf Crag 537m/1762ft Langdale Arthur’s Pike 533m/1749ft Mardale and the Far East Carl Side 746m/2448ft Keswick and the North Bakestall 673m/2208ft Keswick and the North Carrock Fell 662m/2172ft Keswick and the North Bannerdale Crags 683m/2241ft Keswick and the North Castle Crag 290m/951ft Borrowdale Barf 468m/1535ft Keswick and the North Catbells 451m/1480ft Borrowdale Barrow 456m/1496ft Buttermere Catstycam 890m/2920ft Patterdale Base Brown 646m/2119ft Borrowdale Caudale Moor 764m/2507ft Mardale and the Far East Beda Fell 509m/1670ft Mardale and the Far East Causey Pike 637m/2090ft Buttermere Bell Crags 558m/1831ft Borrowdale Caw 529m/1736ft Coniston Binsey 447m/1467ft Keswick and the North Caw Fell 697m/2287ft Wasdale Birkhouse Moor 718m/2356ft Patterdale Clough Head 726m/2386ft Patterdale Birks 622m/2241ft Patterdale Cold Pike 701m/2300ft Langdale Black Combe 600m/1969ft Coniston Coniston Old Man 803m/2635ft Coniston Black Fell 323m/1060ft Coniston Crag Fell 523m/1716ft Wasdale Blake Fell 573m/1880ft Buttermere Crag Hill 839m/2753ft Buttermere -
ED Profile Gosforth2
Gosforth Electoral Division Profile 2017 Overview of Electoral Division Gosforth Electoral Division incorporates two larger service centre villages of Gosforth and Seascale along with a number of smaller villages and hamlets which have active Parish Councils, and a number of shops, services and amenities. Part of the ward falls within the Lake District National Park boundary. This division includes the main employer for the borough, Sellafield Ltd. Map http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/Election2013/maps.asp Communities The Gosforth electoral division comprises: Beckermet Calderbridge Gosforth Haile & Wilton Ponsonby Seascale Sellafield Thornhill Wasdale Wellington Statistical Profile The 2011 Census estimated that the population of Gosforth Electoral Division (ED) was 6174 persons. The table below presents estimated numbers of residents in Gosforth ED by age group: No. Persons by Age Group (Years) All Ages 0 - 14 15 - 29 30 - 44 45 - 59 60 - 74 75 - 84 85+ Gosforth ED 6174 831 793 1013 1477 1374 520 166 Source: Office for National Statistics, 2011 Census The chart below compares the proportion of Gosforth ED’s population within each age group with the proportion of the population within each age group across Copeland district, Cumbria and England & Wales: Source: Office for National Statistics, 2011 Census County Council Electoral Divisions cover large spatial areas and so division averages can mask variation between communities within the division. Furthermore, beyond Census data, there is little statistical information available for Electoral Divisions. However, most statistical agencies produce data for Electoral Wards. Therefore, there is a very wide range of statistical information available for Electoral Wards. Furthermore, as Electoral Wards are generally smaller than Electoral Divisions, statistics at this level provide more insight into variations between communities. -
Carlisle - Barrow - Lancaster, and Windermere - Lancaster Sunday from 10 May
Carlisle - Barrow - Lancaster, and Windermere - Lancaster Sunday from 10 May A bus A A bus A bus A Carlisle d - - - - - - - - - - Dalston - - - - - - - - - - Wigton - - - - - - - - - - Aspatria - - - - - - - - - - Maryport - - - - - - - - - - Flimby - - - - - - - - - - Workington - 0915 - - - 1015 - 1115 - - Harrington - 0925 - - - 1025 - 1125 - - Parton - 0935 - - - 1035 - 1135 - - Whitehaven a - 0940 - - - 1040 - 1140 - - Whitehaven d - - - - - - - - 1147 - Corkickle - - - - - - - - 1149 - St. Bees - - - - - - - - 1155 - Nethertown - - - - - - - - 11x59 - Braystones - - - - - - - - 12x01 - Sellafield a - - - - - - - - 1207 - d - - - - - - - - 1207 - Seascale - - - - - - - - 1211 - Drigg - - - - - - - - 12x14 - Ravenglass - - - - - - - - 1217 - Bootle (Cumbria) - - - - - - - - 12x23 - Silecroft - - - - - - - - 12x29 - Millom a - - - - - - - - 1236 - Millom d - - - 1036 - - - - 1236 - Green Road - - - 10x40 - - - - 12x40 - Foxfield - - - 1044 - - - - 1244 - Kirkby-in-Furness - - - 10x48 - - - - 12x48 - Askam - - - 1053 - - - - 1253 - Barrow-in-Furness a - - - 1108 - - - - 1308 - Barrow-in-Furness d 0947 - - - 1137 - - - - 1347 Roose 0951 - - - 1141 - - - - 1351 Dalton 0957 - - - 1147 - - - - 1357 Ulverston 1005 - - - 1156 - - - - 1405 Cark 1013 - - - 1203 - - - - 1413 Kents Bank 1017 - - - 1207 - - - - 1417 Grange-over-Sands 1021 - - - 1211 - - - - 1421 Arnside 1027 - - - 1217 - - - - 1427 Silverdale 1031 - - - 1222 - - - - 1431 Windermere d - - 1118 - - - 1308 - - - Staveley - - - - - - 1314 - - - Burneside - - - - - - 1319 - - - Kendal -
Barrow - Lancaster, and Windermere - Lancaster Mondays to Fridays from 06 July
Carlisle - Barrow - Lancaster, and Windermere - Lancaster Mondays to Fridays from 06 July A A SO SX A A Carlisle d - - - - - - - - - - Dalston - - - - - - - - - - Wigton - - - - - - - - - - Aspatria - - - - - - - - - - Maryport - - - - - 0548 0548 - - 0650 Flimby - - - - - 05x51 05x51 - - 06x53 Workington - - - - - 0558 0558 - - 0710 Harrington - - - - - 0602 0602 - - 0714 Parton - - - - - 06x11 06x13 - - 07x24 Whitehaven a - - - - - 0616 0620 - - 0729 Whitehaven d - - - - - 0618 0622 - - 0730 Corkickle - - - - - 0620 0624 - - 0733 St. Bees - - - - - 0626 0630 - - 0739 Nethertown - - - - - 06x30 06x34 - - - Braystones - - - - - 06x33 06x37 - - - Sellafield a - - - - - 0638 0642 - - 0749 d - - - - - 0639 0643 - - 0750 Seascale - - - - - 0643 0646 - - 0754 Drigg - - - - - 06x46 06x49 - - 07x57 Ravenglass - - - - - 0650 0653 - - 0801 Bootle (Cumbria) - - - - - 06x55 06x58 - - 08x07 Silecroft - - - - - 07x02 07x05 - - 08x13 Millom a - - - - - 0708 0711 - - 0820 Millom d - - - 0610 - 0709 0712 - - 0820 Green Road - - - 06x14 - 07x13 07x16 - - 08x24 Foxfield - - - 0618 - 0717 0720 - - 0828 Kirkby-in-Furness - - - 06x22 - 07x21 07x24 - - 08x32 Askam - - - 0627 - 0726 0729 - - 0838 Barrow-in-Furness a - - - 0641 - 0741 0744 - - 0852 Barrow-in-Furness d - - 0549 - 0649 - - 0747 - - Roose - - 0553 - 0653 - - 0751 - - Dalton - - 0559 - 0700 - - 0757 - - Ulverston - - 0608 - 0708 - - 0806 - - Cark - - 0615 - 0715 - - 0813 - - Kents Bank - - 0619 - 0719 - - 0817 - - Grange-over-Sands - - 0623 - 0723 - - 0821 - - Arnside - - 0628 - 0729 - - 0826 - -
Inspector's Report
Inspector’s Report CUMBRIA COUNTY COUNCIL APPEAL by UNITED KINGDOM NIREX LIMITED Inspector: C S McDonald MA DMA LMRTPI Solicitor Asst. Inspector: C Jarvis LLB Solicitor Assessor: C V Knipe BSc CEng CGeol MIMinE MIMM FGS Dates of Inquiry: 5 September 1995 to 1 February 1996 File: APP1H09001M9412470 19 CONTENTS Section Chapter 1 Introduction Abbreviations & Acronyms Technical Glossary Preamble to Report 1 2 Background A. Legal, Political & Regulatory Framework 6 B. Site & Proposals 10 C. Development Plan 15 3 Legal Interpretations A. Nature of Project & Relevance of Repository 25 B. Alternatives & Availability of Information 31 C. Marine Discharges 42 4 Conformity with Development Plan A. Statutory Development Plan 47 B. Retained & Emerging Policies 59 5 Environmental Effects A. Visual Impact 65 B. Soci~Economic Impact 84 C. Traffic Impact 106 D. Noise & Vibration Effects 116 E. Other Effects 123 6 Scientific & Technical Benefits A. Basic Repository Icocational Criteria 130 B. Site Selection Process 147 C. Science & Technical Programmes 170 D. Model Development 212 E. Radiological Protection & Safety Assessment 229 F. Role of RCF & Promise of PRZ 246 7 Conditions A. Mitigation of Environmental Effects 259 B. Ensuring Scientific & Technical Benefits 262 8 Final Conclusions 265 9 Recommendation 278 Appendices 1. Assessor's Report 2. Appearances 3. Documents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Parties [and see the document codes at the start of the Documents List] Construction Workers = Cumbria Construction Workers Copeland - Copeland Borough Cooncil, -
7. Industrial and Modern Resource
Chapter 7: Industrial Period Resource Assessment Chapter 7 The Industrial and Modern Period Resource Assessment by Robina McNeil and Richard Newman With contributions by Mark Brennand, Eleanor Casella, Bernard Champness, CBA North West Industrial Archaeology Panel, David Cranstone, Peter Davey, Chris Dunn, Andrew Fielding, David George, Elizabeth Huckerby, Christine Longworth, Ian Miller, Mike Morris, Michael Nevell, Caron Newman, North West Medieval Pottery Research Group, Sue Stallibrass, Ruth Hurst Vose, Kevin Wilde, Ian Whyte and Sarah Woodcock. Introduction Implicit in any archaeological study of this period is the need to balance the archaeological investigation The cultural developments of the 16th and 17th centu- of material culture with many other disciplines that ries laid the foundations for the radical changes to bear on our understanding of the recent past. The society and the environment that commenced in the wealth of archive and documentary sources available 18th century. The world’s first Industrial Revolution for constructing historical narratives in the Post- produced unprecedented social and environmental Medieval period offer rich opportunities for cross- change and North West England was at the epicentre disciplinary working. At the same time historical ar- of the resultant transformation. Foremost amongst chaeology is increasingly in the foreground of new these changes was a radical development of the com- theoretical approaches (Nevell 2006) that bring to- munications infrastructure, including wholly new gether economic and sociological analysis, anthropol- forms of transportation (Fig 7.1), the growth of exist- ogy and geography. ing manufacturing and trading towns and the crea- tion of new ones. The period saw the emergence of Environment Liverpool as an international port and trading me- tropolis, while Manchester grew as a powerhouse for The 18th to 20th centuries witnessed widespread innovation in production, manufacture and transpor- changes within the landscape of the North West, and tation. -
Lancashire and Cumbria Route Utilisation Strategy August 2008
Lancashire and Cumbria Route Utilisation Strategy August 2008 Foreword I am delighted to present Network Rail’s Route There are currently aspirations for a service Utilisation Strategy (RUS) for Lancashire and between Southport, Preston and Ormskirk. Cumbria, which considers issues affecting This is partly facilitated by work to enhance the railway in this part of the country over the track and signalling between Preston and next decade and gives a view on longer-term Ormskirk, which will allow a standard hourly issues in the years beyond. service pattern with improved journey times but without the need for more rolling stock. Getting to this stage has involved following a now well-established process. However, there Services into Sellafield during peak hours are two key differences with this strategy. suffer from overcrowding, though Northern The first is that no part of the area it covers Rail’s anticipated service from December is the responsibility of either a Passenger 2008 will address that to a degree. It is Transport Executive or a regional body with important services on this route firstly cater public transport responsibilities. Secondly, for peak traffic at Sellafield and Barrow, with the challenge usually faced when producing services outside the peak being on as close a RUS, that of insufficient capacity to meet to an hourly pattern as possible. current or future demand, is not a major A number of consultation responses were problem here. As a result, this strategy received regarding a direct service between focuses on how to make the best use of Manchester and Burnley, including a report what is already available.