Analysis of Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Curve Phase Characteristics in Athletes Christopher J
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East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2015 Analysis of Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Curve Phase Characteristics in Athletes Christopher J. Sole East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Sports Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Sole, Christopher J., "Analysis of Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Curve Phase Characteristics in Athletes" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2549. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2549 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analysis of Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Curve Phase Characteristics in Athletes _____________________ A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sport Physiology and Performance _____________________ by Christopher J. Sole August 2015 _____________________ Satoshi Mizuguchi, PhD, Chair Kimitake Sato, PhD Gavin L. Moir, PhD Michael H. Stone, PhD Keywords: Countermovement Jump, Force-Time Curve, Force Platform ABSTRACT Analysis of Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Curve Phase Characteristics in Athletes by Christopher J. Sole The purposes of this dissertation were to examine the phase characteristics of the countermovement jump force-time curve between athletes based on jumping ability, examine the influence of maximal muscular strength on the countermovement jump force-time curve phase characteristics of athletes, and to examine the behavior of the countermovement jump force-time curve phase characteristics over the course of a training process in athletes of varying strength levels. The following are the major findings of these dissertations. The analysis of athletes by jumping ability suggested that proficient jumpers are associated with greater relative phase magnitude and phase impulse throughout the phases contained in the positive impulse of the countermovement jump force-time curve. Additionally, phase duration was not found to differ between athletes based on jumping ability or between male and female athletes. The analysis of athletes based on maximal muscular strength suggested that only unweighted phase duration differs between strong and less-strong athletes. Interestingly, in both investigations based on jumping ability and maximal strength indicated the relative shape of the stretching phase representing the rise in positive force was related to an athlete’s jumping ability (jump height). The results of the longitudinal analysis of countermovement jump force-time phase characteristics identified that these variables can be frequently assessed throughout a training process to provide information of regarding an athlete performance state. Furthermore, based on 2 the contrasting behaviors of many of the countermovement jump force-time curve phase characteristics over time, an athlete’s level of muscular strength may influence how these characteristics are expressed in the context of a training process. 3 Copyright 2015 Christopher J. Sole All Rights Reserved 4 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family for their love and support. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Michael Stone - for providing me with the opportunity to come to ETSU and pursue my passion. Additionally, for all that you have accomplished for the field of sport science. Your dedication is unparalleled. Dr. Satoshi Mizuguchi - for serving as my chairperson for this project, and laying the groundwork that made this project possible. Dr. Kimi Sato - for your support, guidance, and comic relief over the past three years. Dr. Gavin Moir - for first introducing me to sport science research and your continued support Dr. Bill Sands - for being an inspiration to me as both a sport scientist and educator, and letting me borrow your force plate. All of the athletes, coaches, and fellow students who participated in this project. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................2 DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................6 LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................................................10 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................12 Chapters 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................13 Dissertation Purposes .............................................................................................16 Operational Definitions ..........................................................................................16 2. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF LITERATURE ....................................................19 Vertical Jump as a Measure of Explosiveness .......................................................20 The Countermovement Vertical Jump ...................................................................23 The Force-Time Curve ...........................................................................................25 Characteristics of the Force-Time Curve ...............................................................29 Training Related Alterations to the Force-Time Curve .........................................30 The Use of Vertical Jump in Athlete Performance Monitoring .............................33 Conclusion .............................................................................................................37 3. PHASE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP FORCE- TIME CURVE: A COMPARISON OF ATHLETES BY JUMPING ABILITY ............38 Abstract ..................................................................................................................39 Introduction ............................................................................................................40 7 Methods..................................................................................................................41 Participants .................................................................................................41 Study Design ..............................................................................................42 Data Collection ..........................................................................................43 Statistical Analysis .....................................................................................47 Results ....................................................................................................................48 Force-Time Curve Phase Characteristics ...................................................48 Average Phase Comparisons......................................................................54 Discussion ..............................................................................................................57 References ..............................................................................................................63 4. THE INFLUENCE OF MAXIMAL ISOMETRIC STRENGTH ON COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP FORCE-TIME CURVE PHASE CHARACTERISTICS IN ATHLETES ...........................................................................69 Abstract ..................................................................................................................70 Introduction ............................................................................................................71 Methods..................................................................................................................73 Participants .................................................................................................73 Study Design ..............................................................................................74 Countermovement Jump Testing ...............................................................75 Isometric Strength Testing .........................................................................76 Data Analysis .............................................................................................77 Statistical Analyses ....................................................................................81 Results ....................................................................................................................81 8 Discussion ..............................................................................................................94 Practical Application ..............................................................................................99 References ............................................................................................................100 5. MONITORING COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP FORCE-TIME CURVE PHASE CHARACTERISTICS: