Propriétés Nutritionnelles De La Citrulline : Un Nouvel Acteur Dans La Régulation Du Métabolisme Protéino-Énergétique Arthur Goron

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Propriétés Nutritionnelles De La Citrulline : Un Nouvel Acteur Dans La Régulation Du Métabolisme Protéino-Énergétique Arthur Goron Propriétés nutritionnelles de la citrulline : un nouvel acteur dans la régulation du métabolisme protéino-énergétique Arthur Goron To cite this version: Arthur Goron. Propriétés nutritionnelles de la citrulline : un nouvel acteur dans la régulation du métabolisme protéino-énergétique. Sciences agricoles. Université Grenoble Alpes, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017GREAV016. tel-01685287 HAL Id: tel-01685287 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01685287 Submitted on 16 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE LA COMMUNAUTE UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : Biologie cellulaire Arrêté ministériel : 25 mai 2016 Présenté par Arthur GORON Thèse dirigée par Pr Eric FONTAINE et par Pr Christophe MOINARD préparée au sein du Laboratoire de biologie fondamentale et appliquée dans l'École Doctorale Chimie et Sciences du Vivant Propriétés nutritionnelles de la citrulline : un nouvel acteur dans la régulation du métabolisme protéino-énergétique Thèse soutenue publiquement le 11 Avril 2017, devant le jury composé de : M. Christophe PISON Professeur, Université Grenoble Alpes, Président M. Moïse COËFFIER Maître de conférences, Université Rouen, Rapporteur M. Dominique DARDEVET Directeur de recherches, INRA Auvergne, Rapporteur M. Julien FAURE Maître de conférences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Membre Mme Anne-Laure BOREL Professeur, Université Grenoble Alpes, Membre M. Michel RIGOULET Professeur Emérite, Université Bordeaux, Membre Remerciements A Christophe Pison, Moïse Coëffier, Dominique Dardevet, Julien Fauré, Anne-Laure Borel et Michel Rigoulet pour avoir acceptés de juger mon travail en tant que jury de thèse. A Christophe « maître Jedi » Moinard, pour votre encadrement, votre rigueur, votre soutien, vos encouragements et vos conseils avisés qui m’ont permis de réaliser à bien cette thèse. Votre padawan sort grandi de ces années passées en votre compagnie. A Eric Fontaine pour ton aide précieuse lors ces années de doctorat, pour ton entrain et ton savoir scientifique qui m’ont réconciliés avec la mitochondrie. A « Agir pour les maladies chroniques » de m’avoir offert la possibilité de réaliser cette thèse grâce à leur financement. A l’entreprise SEB et en particulier à Mariette Sicard et Paul Dancer, qui m’ont permis de prolonger mon financement afin de terminer sereinement ma thèse. A la fondation UGA qui, grâce au mécénat de Findus, m’a permis de financer un des travaux de cette thèse dans le cadre de la Chaire « Nutrition des seniors ». A Uwe Schlattner pour m’avoir si chaleureusement accueilli au sein du laboratoire. A Frédéric Lamarche pour ta bonne humeur. Tu as toujours été volontaire lorsque j’avais besoin de ton aide. A Hervé Dubouchaud pour ton savoir autour de l’exercice qui m’a été grandement utile. A Sarah Hamant qui a toujours été là quand j’en avais besoin. Tes mails vont me manquer. 1 A Régis Montmayeul pour ton soutien technique et logistique qui m’a sorti d’affaires bon nombre de fois. A Gérard « Camarade » Larmurier pour ta gentillesse et ta bonne humeur. A Charlotte Breuillard pour ta bonne humeur et pour ces bons moments passés ensembles (notamment en congrès). A tous les doctorants et ex-doctorants que j’ai côtoyé et qui sont aujourd’hui plus que des collègues mais des amis précieux. Merci pour ces merveilleux moments passés tous ensemble. A Cindy Tellier pour ton aide à l’animalerie. A Cécile Cottet pour ta bonne humeur, ton aide en imagerie. Merci d’avoir été à l’écoute quand j’en avais besoin. A Stéphane Attia pour les discussions footballistiques qui m’ont permis de faire passer le temps lors de mes ennuyeux broyages. A Michel Seve, Sandrine Bourgoin, Valérie Cunin et Sylvie Michelland pour votre accueil au sein de la plateforme Prométhée, votre gentillesse et votre aide en protéomique. A Christelle Corne pour avoir si gentiment accepté de faire mes dosages d’acides aminés. A Christophe Hourdé et Philippe Noirez pour votre aide en histologie. A Denis Rousseau pour nos discussions philosophico-footballistiques. En revanche, ton café ne restera pas un souvenir impérissable. A toutes les autres personnes du laboratoire, merci pour votre accueil et pour les bons moments passés en votre compagnie. 2 A Servane Le Plénier, qui m’a encadré lors de mes stages de Master. Si je termine mon cursus universitaire sur une thèse, c’est aussi grâce à toi. A mes parents, qui m’ont toujours soutenu dans mes choix. Enfin, à Aurélie, pour ton soutien dans les moments difficiles. Tu as accepté de vivre une relation à distance afin que je puisse mener à bien cette thèse. Cela a été difficile pour nous deux mais contrairement au proverbe qui dit « loin des yeux, loin du cœur », ces années passées loin de toi n’ont fait que renforcer l’amour que je te porte. 3 TTAABBLLEE DDEESS MMAATTIIEERREESS 4 INTRODUCTION GENERALE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 DONNEES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...10 1 Propriétés physico-chimiques ....................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Propriétés physiques ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Propriétés chimiques ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2.1 Solubilité et propriétés acido-basiques ......................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Propriétés de complexation de la citrulline .................................................................. 11 1.2.3 Réactivités moléculaires de la citrulline ........................................................................ 12 1.2.4 Propriétés antioxydantes .............................................................................................. 12 2 Métabolisme de la citrulline .......................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Transport de la citrulline ....................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Synthèse et métabolisme de la Citrulline .............................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Synthèse de la citrulline via l’ornithine transcarbamylase ............................................ 14 2.2.2 Synthèse de la citrulline via les NO synthases ............................................................... 15 2.2.3 Catabolisme de la citrulline via l’argininosuccinate synthase ....................................... 16 2.3 Citrullination des protéines ................................................................................................... 18 2.4 Métabolisme hépatique de la citrulline ................................................................................ 20 2.5 Métabolisme intestinal de la citrulline .................................................................................. 21 2.6 Métabolisme inter-organes de la citrulline ........................................................................... 22 2.7 Citrulline et métabolisme du NO ........................................................................................... 25 3 Citrulline : biomarqueur des fonctions rénale et intestinale ........................................................ 26 3.1 Citrulline et fonction rénale .................................................................................................. 26 5 3.2 Citrulline et fonction de l’intestin grêle................................................................................. 26 4 Aspects thérapeutiques de la citrulline ......................................................................................... 28 4.1 Pharmaco-cinétique et tolérance .......................................................................................... 28 4.2 Citrulline et pathologies intestinales ..................................................................................... 30 4.3 Citrulline et pathologies cardiovasculaires............................................................................ 33 4.4 Citrulline et sepsis ................................................................................................................. 35 4.5 Citrulline et syndrome MELAS ............................................................................................... 37 5 Citrulline et métabolisme cérébral ................................................................................................ 39 6 Citrulline et immunité ................................................................................................................... 40 7 Citrulline et métabolisme protéique musculaire .......................................................................... 41 8 Citrulline et métabolisme énergétique ......................................................................................... 45 9 Citrulline et exercice .....................................................................................................................
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