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Cameronite, a New Copper Silver Telluride

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Cameronite, a New Copper Silver Telluride Conadian Mineralogist Vol. 24, pp. 379-384(1980 CAMERONITE,A NEW COPPER_SILVERTELLURIDE FROM THE GOOD HOPEMINE, VULCAN, COLORADO ANDREW C. ROBERTSAND DONALD C. IIARRIS GeologicalSumey of Canado,601 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KIA AE$ ALAN J. CRIDDLE Departmmtof Minerologlt,British Museum(Natural History), CromwellRoad, London, EnglandSW7 sBD WILLIAM W. PINCH 82 KensingtonCourt, Rochater, New York 1'$612,U.S.A. ABSTRAgT m€tallique, un trait noir et une cassure subconchoiirlale; aucun clivage n'a €t6 observ6. Les Cchantillonsnacrosco- Cameronite, a new mineral species,is a rare constituent piques resssemblentphysiquement i }a tetraflrite. On a of tlree museum specimensof tellurium-bearing ore from trouv6 desmasses de cameronircateignant 2 mm sur 2 mm. the Cood Hope mine, Vulcan, Colorado. Associatedmetal- Chaque grain est allotrimorphe, fouidimensionnel et d'un lic minerals are native te[uriumi rickardite, vulca:rite, diamdtre moyen d'environ 2@ pm. Le min6ral est faible- arsenopyrite and pyrite. Cameronite is opaque, grey and ment bir6flectant et pleochroique, gris pile d gris brunitre metallic; in hand specimenit physically resemblestetrahe- p6le; il est manifestement qnisotrope, les teintes de rota- drite. It is brittle, possessesa subconchoidal fracture, a tion allant du gris moyen au gris ardoise et au gris brun6- black streak and no observable cleavage. Masses of tre. Les donn€esde r6flectance pour six grains dans l'air cameronite up to 2 mm by 2 rnm are known. Individual et dans l'huile sont prdsentdessous forme de tableau. grains are anhedral, equidimensionaland averageabout 200 vHNroo 163 (de 150 d 173), vHN2m 160(de l5l a 172). ,un in diameter. Cameronite is slightly birefleaant and is La duret6 Mohs calcul€e est de 3% d 4. La moyenne des pleochroic from pale grey to pale brownish grey; it is dis- analysesd la microsonde 6lectronique donne la composi- tinctly anisotropic. witi medium gxey to slate-gxey to tion Cu7.16Ag1.69Te1q,calcul€c pour dix atomes de Te, soit brownish grey rotation-tints. Measuredreflectance values une composition id6ale de CuTAgTels. La cameronite_st for 6 grains in air and oil are tabulated. YHNI96 163(range t€tragonale, de groupe spatial P42mmc, P42mc ott P42t 150-173), VHN200 160 (range l5l-172); calculated Mohs (aspectde diffradionP4/**c); lesparam0tres de la malllc hardness3Vi - 4. Averagedelectron-microprobe data yield sont a 12.695Q), c 42.186(6) A, V 6798.8(3.1) Ar, the chemical formula Cu7.16Ag1.69Te19,calculated on lhe c/a:3.323. La massespdcifique calcul6e potrr z = 16 basis of l0 Te atoms or, ideally, Cu7AgTe16.The mingal est de 7.144 g/cm3. Une glaills s6u5-6ultiple proSonc€e is tetragonal, space group P42mmc, P42mc or P4?r donne a' = a/3 = 4.232 L et c' : c/7 : 6.?fi A- Les (diffraction aspect PA/!*c) with unit-cellparemelers: d cinq raies les plus intensql du cliche de poudre obtenu par 12.695Q\,c 42.186(A A, V 6798.8(3.1)a*, c/o 3.323. diffraction X [d en A(IX&kD] sont: 3.45(100X307), with Z : 16, the calculateddensity is 7.144 ycm3. A pro- 2. r 18(l m) (33l 4, 600), l. 804(60)(637\, r.377 (&)(q4, W7) 4ouncedsubcell has a' = o/3 = 4.232,c' = c/7 = 6.WI er nn(q(9f!l). Le nom honore EugeneN. Cameron, A. The strengestfive reflections of the X-ray powder pat- qui identifia le min6ral comme es-pbcenouvelle. tern [d iu AGXA/{O]are: 3.45(l@)(307),2.118(100X3314, 600), 1.804(60X637), r.377(40)(632r, 907) and Motsll : ameronite, nouvelleesplce min6rale, mine Good l,n2(4)(93y). The name honors Eugene N. Cameron, Hope, Vulcan, Colorado, analysesi la microsonde€lec- who fhst realized that the mineral is a new species. troniqrre, donn€esde r€flectance,donndes de rayons X. Keywords: cameronite, new mineral species,Good Hope Vulcan, Colorado, elechon-microprobeanalyses, mine, INTRODUC"IION reflectance data, X-ray data. Cameronite, ideally CurAgTele, is a newly de- fined mineral species from the Good Hope mine, Yulcan, Colorado. This mineral was originally iden- SOMMAIRE tified and partially characterized by Cameron & Threadgold (1961) in their paper on the mineral spe- La cameronite, nouvelle espEcemin{r4ls, est un consti- vulcanite. In their study, they s)@mined spssi- tuant rare de trois 6chantillons de musded'un minerai de cies (Smithsonian Institution, Roe- tellure de la mine Good Hope, d Vulcan, au Colorado. Les men number R-933 min€raux m€talliquesqui lui sont associdssont tellure natif, bling Collection). They reported qualitative optical rickardite, vulcanite, ars6nopyriteet pyrite. La cameronite properties and qualitative microchemical tests that est opaque, grise et cassanteet se caractdrisepar un 6clat indicated the presence of Cu and Te. Incomplete 379 380 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST single-crystalstudies suggested hexagonal symmetry. PuyslceI PRoPERTIES Unfortunately, no numerical powder nor single- crystal data were published, and insufficient material In hand specimen, cameronite is opaque, metal- precluded further characterization at that t:me. lic with a grey color that resemblesthat of tetrahe- In 1974, one of us (W.W.P.) obtained, on ex- drite. It is brittle, with a distinctive subconchoidal changefrom the Smithsonian Institution, Washing- fracture; it possessesa black streak.No evidenceof ton, D.C., a specimenof rickardite with native tel- cleavagewas detected. Massesof cameronite up to lurium from the Good Hope mine. The specimeu, 2 x 2nwrhave beenobserved in the hand specimens. which bears Roebling Collection number R-934 and In polished section, individual grains are anhedral, measruesabout 3.0 x 2.5 x 1.5cm, consistsof rich equidimensionaland averageslightly more than 200 cleavageplates of nativetellurium, massesof reddish- pm in diameter. There was insufficient pure material violet-colored rickardite, and bronze-coloredvul- for a measurement of specific gravity by Berman canite and centimetre-sizedelongate crystals of ar- balance. senopyrite.In addition, severalmillimetre-sized areas Microhardness measurementswere made with a of a grey metallic phasethat physically resembles Leitz Miniload 2 tester. The range for VHN'* from tetrahedrite are closelyassociated with the rickardite ll indentationsis 150-173,themean 163.Therange and vulcanite. Subsequentmineralogical study has for VHN266from l7 indentationsis l5l-172, mean shown that this grey phase is the same as that 160.All indentationshad perfect squareoutlines with describedby Cameron & Threadgold (1961). only slight fracturing at the corners. The calculated Thirty rickardite- and native-tellurium-bearing Mohs hardnessis in the raqge 3rh to 4. mineral specimensfrom the Good Hope mine were examinedby optical microscopyprior to the com- QuALrrATlvE Oprrcal PnoprntrBs pletion of this study, but only four were found ro The optical properties of cameronite, then an contain visible amountsof cameronite.On thesefour unknown mineral, were originally described by specimensthe mineralization appears to be identi- Cameron& Threadgold(1961). Our observationsof cal; native tellurium with associated dark altered the appearanceof the mineral in air are in accord areas of fragmented rock cementedtogether by the *ith theirs. In plane-polarized light, wilh an secondary tellurides rickardite, vulcanite and unfiltered quartz-halogen lamp (at 3000-3200 K), cameronite as well as pyrite and, locally, elongate cameronite is slightly bireflectant pleochroic crystals of arsenopyrite. The largest cameronite- and from pale grey (higher R) to pale brownish grey. bearing specimenwas broken in half, and the pieces Betweencrossed polars it is distinctly anisotropic. designatedas P-l(D and P-101. All polishedsections The sequenceof rotation tints is medium grey to were cut from (and subsequentmineralogical study slate-grey to grey with a brownish tint. When the undertakenon) P-101, which now measures3.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 cm. atalyzer is uncrossedby 3o, thesechange to light bluish grey to purplish grey to a rich goldenbrown. Cameroniteis namedafter Dr. EugeneN. Came- None of the is twinned. When immersedin ron, Professor Emeritus at the Department of Geol- $ains oil, and in plane-polarizedlieht, the bireflectanceand ogy and Geophysics,University of Wisconsin, Madi- reflectance pleochroism are subjeatively more son, Wisconsin,U.S.A., for his contributionsto the pronounced than in air, from a clear pale grey to scienceof ore mineralogy.He and Threadgoldwere pale brownish grey. The anisotropy remains distinct, the first to report the mineral as a potentially new with mid-grey to light greyto purptsh grey rotation- species.The mineral and the mineral name havebeen tints. With the analyzer unsrossedby 3o, the se- approved by the Commission on New Minerals and quenceis dark grey to bluish grey to mid-grey to dark Mineral Names, I.M.A. Type material, consistingof brown to light brown. two polished sectionsand severalmineral fragments, is preservedwithin the Systematic ReferenceSeries Oprrce,l Dara of the National Mineral Collection at the Geologi- QuANTrrArrvE cal Surveyof Canada, Ottawa under cataloguenum- Specimenpreparation, equipment and conditions ber NMC 64596and in polishedsecrions, BMl984, of measurementfor the data reported herein were 356, E.1000 and R-933 at the British Museum identical to those describedby Criddle et al. (1983). (Natural History), London. The bulk of the In all, the reflectancespectra of six grains weremeas- cameronite-bearing material, including the hand ured at the British Museum; 3 from each of the specimens(R-934, P-100 and P-lOl) and one polishedsections, BM 1984,356, E.l(ffiand R-933. polishedsection (R-933), forms part of the collec- Initially, measurementswere made on the cleaned tion at the Pinch Mineralogical Museum, Rochester, surfaces of sections as received from Canada. The New York. The Smithsonian Institution has one results were consistentand reproducible. Experience polished section (162713),and E.N. Cameron has with the other known Cu-Ag telluride, henryite, had one small piece. shown that after polishing, its reflectance slowly CAMERONITE, A COPPER-SILVER TELLURIDE FROM COLORADO 381 increased.This was associatedwith a slight change repeatedimmediately on the grains originally meas- in the dispersion of its reflectance (Criddle et al.
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