DOCSLIB.ORG

Khomeini Fanatics Grovoke Illlr8rialist Threats Split

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Khomeini Fanatics Grovoke Illlr8rialist Threats Split NUMBER 70 SUMMER 1979/80 TWENTY CENTS Khomeini fanatics grovoke illlR8rialist threats Over a month after well­ in the Pentagon is for the organised Muslim "students" bombing of Khomeini's seized the Ame.rican Embassy headquarters in the'holy and staff in Teheran, the city of Qom. It is not most dangerous imperialist hard to see almost any power in history remained President other than locked in confrontation with Carter sanctioning an in­ a priest caste of Shi'ite vasion of the oil fields." mullahs who want to return to the seventh-century puritani­ Liberal imperialist "dove" cal desert "paradise" of the George McGovern has been Koran. In Iran, the young right out in front, calling zealots' seizure of the for "an outright blockade to building and 62 (now 49) prevent anything from moving American hostages and their in or out of fran" (Newsweek, demand for the extradition of 3 December). But all these murderous ex-dictator Shah options are fraught with Re.za Pahlavi from his New dangers for world capitalism, York City hospital bed has among them the malicious r~vitalised ~aning popular destruction of the vital oil support for the theocratic supplies and the econpmies, of other iIDP-"l'ri:<l'Hst powers and '~"~::-r~tt~6~it:~!i!~~~~'~ supposed US allies, es­ provoked a wave of virulen't pecially Japan. Toohey also anti-Iranian jingoism. As'the notes the risk of "a possible deadlock continues and the ' Soviet intervention". In ad­ . diplomatic/economic wa,rfare dition, the embassy's occu­ escalates, the threat of a piers have mined the building vengeful US military strike and have'vowed to blow them­ has grown. Chauvinist backlash in US to Kho~eini's jihad against "Satan Americo", selves and their captives to ~--------------------------------~--------------~~--------------------______-- ______~' kingdom come in the event of The American ruling class any attack. in all its imperialist ar- rogance and bourge.ais hypoc- tven if the shah leaves risy has nelt'er beenab Ie to US-hands oft'lran! the US for Egypt -- perhaps understand the explosive hatred Iran's ex-ruler the first open threat on 20 November. Warning of the only cquntry willing t~ take him -- the evokes among his former "subjects". Nor has it "other remedies" he has positioned 'naval task fanatics in the embassy have declared that the understood that the Islamic zealot ,who deposed forces in the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean, ayatollah's promise to put the hostages on trial the shah means what he says when he talks about including five giant aircraft carriers within for "espionage" ,and punish them (presumably by purging Iran of "corrupting" Western influence. striking distance of Iran. His pronouncements execution) will be quickly carried out. Were They thought that they could weather the outcry have become more and more intransigent. Newsweek they to do so it may well make a US military which they knew would result when they allowed' (3 December) quoted a White House aide: "even if strike inevitable (if the decision hasn't been the bloody torturer and mass murderer who once we wanted to, we couldn't send [the shah1 back. made already). If he' acts, Carter will have the occupied the Peacock Throne to jet to New York He's become a symbol of American determination"'. support of a backlash of "national unity" in the 'for expensive medical treatment. And they didn't As for the hostages, Carter has aZready written US which has even bolstered the tattered image of antiCipate that Iran's theocratic despots would them off in a statement which explicitly put this desperate man,'heretofore almost certain to not only back but help mobilise the students' "protect[ing1 the honour of our country" before lose the 1980 presidential 'elections, as a, action, force the impotent .Bazargan government to the "safety and release of the hostages" (Sydney "national leader". Reacting to a feeling of help­ resign, and declare a virtual holy war against Morning HeraZd, 29 November). lessness, in the currently prevailing mood many the US. Americans would undoubtedly approve of nuking Exact ly what upho lding such "honour" might Qom, the religious capital of Khomeini's Persian­ US Imperialism prepares to strike entail given the impossibility of an Entebbe­ chauvinist Islamic sect. style res'cue raid was summed up by the, FinanciaZ Now the US rulers, enraged and embarrassed by The Muslim zealots who follow the ayatollah Review's Washington correspondent Brian Toohey in have violated diplomatic prerogatives ~n a way their helpless inability to free the hostages or a 30 November article: bring Khomeini to "reason" through the normal not even the Nazis aid. But Carter is invoking diplomatic channels, are prepared to wreak a " .. ,' the National Security Council under Mr Continued on page two potentially deadly revenge -- even if the hos­ Zbig Brzezinski wants to use naval air power tages are freed. US President Jimmy Carter made to smash Iran's oil refineries. A live option Split Spartads, .League leads anti-KKK t 'in the 1- United Secretariat rally in Detroit ,,~-.- ~ - :;.. ,~_";'"~ :r'~~ ~- -""""-"'~-w'~_;w...",,,,·,.,. ~-...,, ;f' .... '~... .., ~",-- ...>-..""", • ....,. ,;-,-r"'" .... __ .. -·--",", ...,t- .. '. :'--1"'~ ',;;. ---:; It' -,; :-... -;'"1'-';' ., , _."! "> ";i; ~-.~ til' ~,~,~ ..: ;" . .,;; ;~. ,,);;> , - work, the Arabs of Khuzistan, and the oil workers utionary. tribunals" no less sinister than the Iran crisis. • • -- can remain in effect. However, Carter's belli­ shah's Vicious SAVAK. On the other hand,.One can Continued from page one cosity has provided the tinpot "Imam" wi~h just be sure that the papers of the more than 270 the excuse his reactionary regime needs to jus­ Iranians studying in the US military academies tify the privation of the Iranian masses for a will be found to be in order. the felt outrage of the American people in order generation: blame it on the Americans. to get re-elected to the White House over the We oppose these draconian reregistration/ bodies of tens of thousands of Iranians. whose Internationally, the Khomeiniites' action has deportation orders above all because of the just desire to take their own country back has met with disfavour from governments of aimost history of such acts of victimisation and the been mobilised by a clerical-medievalist fanatic. every st,ripe. The USSR (which no doubt figures precedent it would set. ,In this century the US US imperialism has well earned the hatred of the its Teheran embassy could be next) voted in the has seen for example the 1919-20 Palmer Raids in people not only of Iran bUt of the entire Near UN Security Council to condemn the seizure, and which thousands of foreign-born conununists, Eastern region. and a military intervention could in its propaganda has backed off from its initial socialists and anarchists were expelled from the not fail to shake the stability of the despotic muted approval to call for the release of the country in response to the Bolshevik Revolution. US-backed Arab regimes who supply the advanced hostages. Even radical-bonapartist "Third World" Carter's measure recalls in particular the regimes usually eager to thumb their noses at rounding-up of Japanese-Arnercians and Japanese capitalis~ countries with oil. Yankee imperialism have been noticeably reticent. nationals during World War II when 160,000 were For decades the essential thrus,t of American DiplQmatic inununity and territorial sovereignty held in West Coast prison camps. Such racist ,.: policy toward Iran has not been just to plunder of embassies are seldom violated even by nations measures as Carter's decree lay the basis for the country. but also to make it a fortified at war, though every diplomatic office conducts restrictions like an internal passport system~ regional bastion in an anti-communist crusade its share of spying and intelligence gathering. and must be opposed by all those concerned to agains~ the Soviet degenerated workers state on These diplomatic rules of the game are necessary defend democratic rights. Iran's northern border. The US has continued to to maintain international relations between Carter also upstaged the Khomeini regim~'s fr supply Khomeini's Iran with weapons for exactly nation-states, until the nation-state itself has­ threat to cut off petroleum exports to the US by the same purpose: to aim them against the Soviet disappeared in a socialist world. ordering a ban on 12 November on Iranian oil Union. The possibility of a confrontation was Khomeini explained his o~der to the students (which supplies about 4 percent of American con­ pointed to last month when the Russians staged an to release women and black hostages not suspected sumption). Then, when the Iranian government "exerdse" involving the airlift of 10.000 men to of being spies as an expression of Islamic "re­ threatened to with4raw its investments and South Yemen and Ethiopia. The USSR remains the gard" for women and the oppression of racial deposits from US banks -- estimated at $8-12 chief obsession of anti-communist cold warrior 'minorities in the US. Nonsense! Islam's "regard" billion -- Carter froze these assets. Khomeini's Brzezinski. And as John F Kennedy showed in the for women is expressed in the chador, the response was to have his (now dismissed) foreign Cuban missile crisis of 1962. when it comes to head-to-toe veil which is the symbol of their minister Bani Sadr announce that Iranian external taking the world to the brink of a nuclear holo­ enslavement and imprisonment within the horne. debts contracted under the shah's rule would not caust. the US bourgeoisie is'no more rational Islam has also given institutional support to the be honoured. The escalating economic ,tit-for-tat than the ayatollah of Qom. slave trade, and to this day black chattel has worried the world bourgeoisie: "Financial The American working class must militantly slavery exists in Islamic countries on the wars are just as dangerous".
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Triumphs and Tragedies of the Iranian Revolution
    The Road to Isolation: Triumphs and Tragedies of the Iranian Revolution Salma Schwartzman Senior Division Historical Paper Word Count: 2, 499 !1 Born of conflicting interests and influences — those ancient tensions deeply rooted in its own society — the Iranian revolution generated numerous and alternating cycles of triumph and tragedy, the one always inextricably resulting from and offsetting the other. This series of vast political shifts saw the nation shudder from a near feudal monarchy to a democratized state, before finally relapsing into an oppressive, religiously based conservatism. The Prelude: The White Revolution Dating from 1960 to 1963, the White Revolution was a period of time in Iran in which modernization, westernization, and industrialization were ambitiously promoted by the the country’s governing royalty: the Pahlavi regime. Yet although many of these changes brought material and social benefit, the country was not ready to embrace such a rapid transition from its traditional structure; thus the White Revolution sowed the seeds that would later blossom into the Iranian Revolution1. Under the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi, the State of Iran underwent serious industrial expansion. After seizing almost complete political power for himself, the Shah set in motion the land reform law of 1962.2 This law forced landed minorities to surrender vast tracts of lands to the government so that it could be redistributed to small scale agriculturalists. The landowners who experienced losses were compensated through shares of state owned Iranian industries. Cultivators and laborers also received share holdings of Iranian industries and agricultural profits.3 This reform not only helped the agrarian community, but encouraged and supported 1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia.
    [Show full text]
  • Bowl Round 5 Bowl Round 5 First Quarter
    NHBB B-Set Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 5 Bowl Round 5 First Quarter (1) The remnants of this government established the Republic of Ezo after losing the Boshin War. Two and a half centuries earlier, this government was founded after its leader won the Battle of Sekigahara against the Toyotomi clan. This government's policy of sakoku came to an end when Matthew Perry's Black Ships forced the opening of Japan through the 1854 Convention of Kanagawa. For ten points, name this last Japanese shogunate. ANSWER: Tokugawa Shogunate (or Tokugawa Bakufu) (2) Xenophon's Anabasis describes ten thousand Greek soldiers of this type who fought Artaxerxes II of Persia. A war named for these people was won by Hamilcar Barca and led to his conquest of Spain. Famed soldiers of this type include slingers from Rhodes and archers from Crete. Greeks who fought for Persia were, for ten points, what type of soldier that fought not for national pride, but for money? ANSWER: mercenary (prompt on descriptive answers) (3) The most prominent of the Townshend Acts not to be repealed in 1770 was a tax levied on this commodity. The Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver carried this commodity from England to the American colonies. The Intolerable Acts were passed in response to the dumping of this commodity into a Massachusetts Harbor in 1773 by members of the Sons of Liberty. For ten points, identify this commodity destroyed in a namesake Boston party. ANSWER: tea (accept Tea Act; accept Boston Tea Party) (4) This location is the setting of a photo of a boy holding a toy hand grenade by Diane Arbus.
    [Show full text]
  • Jkpo;J; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;
    Pirapaharan 2, Chapter 2<br>The Jaffnawww.tamilarangam.net Massacre - Sangam.org Page 1 of 7 Sangam.org - Ilankai Tamil Sangam Association of Tamils of Sri Lanka in the USA Active Home Page Previous Version Archive Original Version Home Page Pirapaharan 2, Chapter 2 The Jaffna Massacre by T. Sabaratnam; published May 7, 2004 (Volume 2) 2. The Jaffna Massacre Must Put an End Shell-shocked Balthazzaar and his top men held a conference at Gurungar Camp on their return. The radio room had by this time informed Colombo about the blast and the death of 13 soldiers. Balthazaar got a call from Palaly and then Colombo headquarters. It connected Balthazar to army commander Lieutenant General Tissa Weeratunga who had been woken up by the headquarters. “I’ve to inform the President. It’s too serious,” Weeratunga blurted. His voice showed that he was badly shaken. Weeratunga woke up President Jayewardene. Weeratunga later told his officers that Jayewardene was angry when he broke the news. “We must put an end to this,” Jayewardene exclaimed. He asked Weeratunga to meet him in the morning. The conference at Gurunagar considered three matters. Handling of the situation, handling of the dead bodies and strengthening the security of Jaffna City. Handling of the situation involved investigations about the blast. Munasinghe and the intelligence unit were detailed for that task. The bodies of the dead soldiers were in the Jaffna Teaching Hospital mortuary. An undertaker, A. F. Raymond of Colombo, was told to take the bodies to Colombo and prepare them there to be handed over to the families of the dead men.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSROOM | 9-12 Lessons
    CLASSROOM | 9-12 Lessons : JIMMY CARTER AND THE IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS President Carter announces sanctions against Iran in the White House Press Room. Jimmy Carter Library Jimmy Carter would say later, “No matter who was with me, we watched the big grandfather clock by the door.” Time was running out, for it was Tuesday, January 20, 1981. The scene was the Oval Office. In just hours this president would leave it for good, and a new leader, Ronald Reagan, would move in. As the clock ticked the time away, Carter tried to resolve a crisis that had almost destroyed his presidency. He was close, very close, and as he said, “At stake were the lives of 52 precious human beings who had been imprisoned in Iran for 444 days–and almost 12 billion dollars of Iranian assets.” 1 Prelude The beginnings of this crisis preceded Jimmy Carter’s term by almost thirty years. For that long, the United States had provided political support and, more recently, massive military assistance to the government of the shah of Iran. Iran was important because it provided oil to the industrial West and separated the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf and the oil states. The United States had an enormous stake in keeping it stable and independent. By 1979, however, when Carter had been in office three years, the shah was in trouble, reaping the harvest of years of brutal and unpopular policies, including the use of secret police that controlled dissent with arbitrary arrests and torture.2 It was clear that the shah had lost the (next page) White House Historical Association | http://www.whha.org | Pg.
    [Show full text]
  • BT Provocation
    25<1: Iran/Contragate: The "Canada Connection" Merchants of Death For' year's u.s. president Ronald Reagan has been the "investigation" from the [s!'aeli embassy! Exter­ getting away with murder, backed and alibied by nal affairs minister' Joe Clark sent off a pI'otest his junior' imperialist partner's in Ottawa. From the letter' to the U.S. State Department registering 269 passengers sent to their death aboard the KAL his "deep concel'n for the lack of information on 007 spy plane to 241 dead Mar'ines in Lebanon to any Canadian connection." Up to this point the the !'ape of Grenada to Qadaffi's infant daughter' only expr'essed concern of the Canadian government murdered in the tenor' bombing of Libya, the coul'se over' II'an/Contragate was to WOITY that if this was is str'ewn with bodies sacl'ificed on the altar of the anti-Soviet war drive. But with the Iran/Cont!'agate scandal--the bizaITe oper'ation ship­ ping arms to the Iranian mullahs The Main Enemy Is at Home! to entice them into the anti-Soviet alliance, the pr'ofits launder'ed through Swiss bank accounts for use by the Nicarag'uan contr'as--the Reagan "hands-off pr'esidency" is in total cr'isis. In the midst of all the pr'esident's men thr'owing deleted expletives at each other', lying, bailing' out and above all stonewall­ ing, on December' 10, CIA director' William Casey thr'ew in the "Canada connection." Going tlH'ough what he didn't know and when he didn't know it Casey testified that he had been informed in October' that No Credit Canadian "business" partner's of Carpet bombing of Vietnam, Nicaraguan contra cutthroats.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Khomeinism Executive Summary: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
    Khomeinism Executive Summary: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the country’s first supreme leader, is one of the most influential shapers of radical Islamic thought in the modern era. Khomeini’s Islamist, populist agenda—dubbed “Khomeinism” by scholar Ervand Abrahamian—has radicalized and guided Shiite Islamists both inside and outside Iran. Khomeini’s legacy has directly spawned or influenced major violent extremist organizations, including Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), as well as Lebanese-based terrorist organization and political party Hezbollah, and the more recently formed Iraqi-based Shiite militias, many of which stand accused of carrying out gross human rights violations. (Sources: BBC News, Atlantic, Reuters, Washington Post, Human Rights Watch, Constitution.com) Khomeini’s defining ideology focuses on a variety of themes, including absolute religious authority in government and the rejection of Western interference and influence. Khomeini popularized the Shiite Islamic concept of vilayat-e faqih—which translates to “guardianship of the Islamic jurist”— in order to place all of Iran’s religious and state institutions under the control of a single cleric. Khomeini’s successor, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, relies on Khomeinist ideals to continue his authoritarian domestic policies and support for terrorism abroad. (Sources: Al-Islam, Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic, Ervand Abrahamian, pp. 15-25, Islamic Parliament Research Center, New York Times) More than 25 years after his death, Khomeini’s philosophies and teachings continue to influence all levels of Iran’s political system, including Iran’s legislative and presidential elections. In an interview with Iran’s Press TV, London-based professor of Islamic studies Mohammad Saeid Bahmanpoor said that Khomeini “has become a concept.
    [Show full text]
  • YS% ,Xld M%Cd;Dka;S%L Iudcjd§ Ckrcfha .Eiü M;%H the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
    YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka wxl 1"991 – 2016 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 28 jeks isl=rdod – 2016'10'28 No. 1,991 – fRiDAy, OCtOBER 28, 2016 (Published by Authority) PART I : SECTION (I) – GENERAL (Separate paging is given to each language of every Part in order that it may be filed separately) PAGE PAGE Proclamations, &c., by the President … — Government Notifications … … 1204 Appointments, &c., by the President … 1128 Price Control Orders … … — Appointments, &c., by the Cabinet of Ministers … — Central Bank of Sri Lanka Notices… … — Accounts of the Government of Sri Lanka … — Appointments, &c., by the Public Service Commission — Revenue and Expenditure Returns… … — Appointments, &c., by the Judicial Service Commission — Miscellaneous Departmental Notices … 1206 Other Appointments, &c. … … 1192 Notice to Mariners … … — Appointments, &c., of Registrars … — “Excise Ordinance” Notices … … — Note.– (i) Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Bill was published as a supplement to the part ii of the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka of August 12, 2016. (ii) Nation Building tax (Amendment) Bill was published as a supplement to the part ii of the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka of August 19, 2016. (iii) Land (Restrictions on Alienation) (Amendment) Bill was published as a supplement to the part ii of the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka of September 02, 2016. IMportant NOTICE REGARDING Acceptance OF NOTICES FOR PUBlication IN THE WEEKLY “GAZETTE” AttENtiON is drawn to the Notification appearing in the 1st week of every month, regarding the latest dates and times of acceptance of Notices for publication in the weekly Gazettes, at the end of every weekly Gazette of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Regional Security Policy
    Iran’s Regional Security Policy: Opportunities and Challenges George Emile Irani 16/12/2008 Working Paper 52/2008 Iran’s Regional Security Policy: Opportunities and Challenges George Emile Irani Index Introduction Iran’s Security Policy: From Khomeini to Khamenei Iran and Syria Iran and Hezbollah Iran and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Iran and Iraq Conclusions Introduction Since the revolution in 1979, Iran has become a key player not only in Persian Gulf politics but also in Central Asia and the Middle East at large. The Islamic Republic of Iran is currently at the centre of a global push-and-pull due to its geostrategic position and its interaction with local and global players. The main aim of the current leadership in Teheran is to preserve Iran’s privileged situation within a changing balance of power. This paper assesses and analyses Iran’s regional policy since the Iranian Revolution of February 1979, focusing on the last 10 years. It presents a brief historical background of Iran’s strategy under the Shah and then looks at current Iranian foreign policy as determined by the ideological map drawn by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the current Supreme Leader of Iran. It also examines current Iranian policies towards Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). My study is based on Middle Eastern sources mostly Iranian, Arab, and Lebanese. Given the paucity of studies based on these sources I will present what Iranian and other experts in the region have written on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivalry in the Middle East: the History of Saudi-Iranian Relations and Its Implications on American Foreign Policy
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Summer 2017 Rivalry in the Middle East: The History of Saudi-Iranian Relations and its Implications on American Foreign Policy Derika Weddington Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Weddington, Derika, "Rivalry in the Middle East: The History of Saudi-Iranian Relations and its Implications on American Foreign Policy" (2017). MSU Graduate Theses. 3129. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3129 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RIVALRY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE HISTORY OF SAUDI-IRANIAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Defense and Strategic Studies By Derika Weddington August 2017 RIVALARY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE HISTORY OF SAUDI-IRANIAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University, August 2017 Master of Science Derika Weddington ABSTRACT The history of Saudi-Iranian relations has been fraught.
    [Show full text]
  • Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism
    Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism Mohammad Rezaie Yazdi A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Political Science and International Studies University of Birmingham March 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran was based and formed upon the concept of Khomeinism, the religious, political, and social ideas of Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini. While the Iranian revolution was carried out with the slogans of independence, freedom, and Islamic Republic, Khomeini's framework gave it a specific impetus for the unity of people, religious culture, and leadership. Khomeinism was not just an effort, on a religious basis, to alter a national system. It included and was dependent upon the projection of a clash beyond a “national” struggle, including was a clash of ideology with that associated with the United States. Analysing the Iran-US relationship over the past century and Khomeini’s interpretation of it, this thesis attempts to show how the Ayatullah projected "America" versus Iranian national freedom and religious pride.
    [Show full text]
  • Jews in Iran Describe a Life of Freedom Despite Anti-Israel Actions by Tehran
    EBSCOhost Page 1 of 3 Record: 1 Title: Jews in Iran describe a life of freedom despite anti-Israel actions by Tehran. Authors: Theodoulou, Michael Source: Christian Science Monitor; 2/3/98, Vol. 90 Issue 47, p7, 0p, 2 color Document Type: Article Subject Terms: JEWS -- Iran Geographic Terms: IRAN Report Available Abstract: Examines the Jewish community in Iran, the largest in the Middle East outside of Israel. The official recognition of Jews in the Islamic Constitution; Comments from Haroun Yashyei, chairman of the Central Jewish Committee in Iran; The rights and freedoms Jews are granted; Why many left Iran after the Islamic Revolution; Why the community hopes for peace in the Middle East; Why most Jews do not want to leave Iran, despite the anti-Israel sentiment of the government. Lexile: 1110 Full Text Word Count:997 ISSN: 08827729 Accession Number: 178016 Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition Section: International Islam, Judaism, under one tent JEWS IN IRAN DESCRIBE A LIFE OF FREEDOM DESPITE ANTI-ISRAEL ACTIONS BY TEHRAN Dateline: TEHRAN, IRAN One of the most striking of many murals in Iran's capital, Tehran, is a towering portrait of Fathi Shkaki, a leader of the militant Palestinian group, Islamic Jihad. He was assassinated by Israeli agents in 1995 after he masterminded a series of suicide bombings against Jewish civilians. A slogan beneath his face hails him as a hero of the Islamic revolution in Palestine. Yet, stroll a little farther along Palestine Street and you come to the Abrishami Synagogue, the biggest of 23 synagogues in Tehran. It is regularly attended by some 1,000 worshippers.
    [Show full text]
  • One Man – One Desire
    Lund University STVK01 Department of Political Science Tutor: Martin Hall One Man – One Desire A Study of the Reasons of the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and its Mobilization Process Saam Beik Abstract Iran, a country generally seen as abusing the laws of human rights in favour of the Islamic laws and where women is being punished if not wearing headscarves in public. However, the great opposition against this country’s laws is probably not aware of the revolution in 1979 that formed the contemporary society of Iran. This study brings light to a revolution rarely mentioned nowadays. It analyzes the reasons possible for the making of the revolution and draws the conclusion that it was not because religion being put aside that made the revolution happen. With the concept of contentious politics is then the actual mobilization process analyzed to answer how such a broad mass of Iranians could support a revolution that had the rallying cry to, in a modern western view close the society and isolate it to the surrounding world. Through speeches and texts published by the front man of the revolution Ayatollah Khomeini has the mobilization been analyzed and concludes that the use of Marxist rhetoric and Islamic symbolism, especially the Shiite tradition of martyrdom attracted the people who risked their lives by protesting in the streets that eventually made the dictatorial Shah leave Iran in favour for the country’s new supreme leader; Ayatollah Khomeini. Key words: Iranian Revolution, Ayatollah Khomeini, Mobilization, Revolutions, Contentious Politics Table of Contents 1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Statement of Purpose and Problem ...................................................................
    [Show full text]