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Labor-Saving Looms LIBRARY ^tf^^Sfy 3895 — THE FIRST NORTHROP LOOM. Designed for the weaving of Print Cloth and Sheetings solely. Used with great success on plain two-harness weaves by our original customers. It was this model that first proved a weaver's capacity to run sixteen looms. It incorporated the inventions of : James H. Northrop, Charles F. Roper, William F. Draper, George Otis Draper, Edward S. Stimpsox and John W. Keeley. The loom frame and other conventional parts were designed for the Hopedale Machine Company under super- vision of Oren B. Smith. The H. M. Co. was incorporated with the present Draper Company in 1S96. LABOR-SAVING LOOMS. (FIRST EDITION.) A BRIEF TREATISE ON I^LAiN Leaving AND THE PECCK'I IA\!)|^0\'l:A\l:hrr.S IN THAT LI Ml! WITH 5I>ECI/XL RcrcRENCE ro rHI: . NOHTHROP liOOivis nANUEACTURED BY DRAPER COMPANY, HOPEDALK, MASS.. U. S. A. 1904 COPYRIGHT 1904, BY DRAPER COMPANY. WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY GEORGE OT/S DRAPER, SECRETARY OF THE DRAPER COMPANY. PRINTED BY Cook & Sons, Milford, Mass. rs/V93 PREFACE. This book cannot serve as a detailed catalogue bv which the purchaser can always note the exact nature of the devices we shall continue to sell, as inipro\enients are often unexpected!}' invented. We can hardly expect to publish a work of this size at short inter\-als. but shall try to keep it reasonably up to date by amended additions. New matter w ill be inserted in the final pages of each edition alter the first. rHUSETISTECHHCUOGlCAllMSW. :9 OUR HOPEDALE PLANT IN 1904. Scale, 315 feet to the inch. About 27 acres of floor space in all. —— FORMER LITERATURE ON THE NORTHROP LOOM. 1S95. Circular T/ie Advent of the Northrop Loom^ issued April, 1895. Essay, The Present Developinent of the Northrop Looni^ delivered by George Otis Draper at the meeting of the N. E. Cotton Manufacturers' Association at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 24, 1S95. Printed in Vol. 59 of the Transactions. 1S96. Papers on The Northrop Looni^ bv F. ]M. Messenger, John H. Hines, H. D. Wheat, and discussion by Wm. F. Draper, Arthur H. Lowe, George F. Whittam and W. J. Kent, April 29, 1S96, printed in Vol. 60 of the Transactions of the N. E. Cotton Manufacturers' Association. Chapter in Facts and Figures^ on the Northrop Loom, published by George Draper & Sons in the spring of 1S96. Speech of Hon. Wm. C. Lovering, pulilished in the Scien- tific American of ALiv 2, 1S96, and other papers, containing pertinent reference to the loom. Pamphlet The Looms of the Souths by F. B. de Berard, issued March, 1S96, containing detail of savings from use of the Northrop Loom in Southern mills. Speech of Hon. Charles Warren Lippitt, published in the Manufactiu'ers' Record of June 19, and papers generally through- out the country, giving the history of the Northrop loom devel- opment as illustrative of the educational influence of manufac- turinsr. ——— IS97. Pamphlet Instructions for Running Northrop Loonis^ issued by George Draper & Sons, January, 1S97. Pamphlet Instructions Pour la Conduite de Metiers North- rop^ issued by the Draper Company, 1897. Circular Our Common loom^ issued by the Draper Com- pany, June, 1S97. Circular TJie Triumph of the Northrop Loovi^ November, 1S97. 1S9S. Circular Our Connection with the Art of Weaving^ issued by the Draper Company, April. 1S9S. 'Circular Take-up Mechanism^ issued l)y the Draper Com- pany, 1S9S. Article Industrial Investigations^ In" Jacob Schoenhof, in The Forum for October, 189S. Referred to the great savings of the ''Automatic loom." as affecting differences in cost of production. 1899. Pamphlet Instructions Looms (Re- for Running Northrop ^ vised Edition,) issued l)v the Draper Company, January, 1899. Pamphlet Machine?'}' and Labor Displacement^ by George Gunton, issued by the Gunton Institute, containing pertinent reference to the Northrop Loom as a labor-saving invention. 1900. Circular The Advance of the Northrop Loom^ January, 1900. Pamphlet Factory Conditions in the Souths January 30, 900, by George Gunton, in Gunton's Lecture Bureau course. Paper on Method of Cost Finding by Win. G. Xichols, delivered at a meeting of the X. E. Cotton ^Manufacturers' Asso- ciation at Boston, April 26. 1900. Printed in Vol. 6^ of the Transactions. Essay on Improvements in American Cotton Machinery^ by George Otis Draper, delivered at a meeting of the Southern Cotton Spinners' Association at Charlotte, N. C, May iS, 1900. Printed in the Association records and various periodicals. 1901. Chapter in Textile Texts, published by the Draper Com- pany, spring of 1 901. \^arious articles in publication. Cotton Chats^ started in July, 1901, and continued since. Circular on Important Discovery^ relating to method of spinning to pre\ ent bunches in cloth. August, 1901. 1902. Circular on The Keene Drawing in Machine^ January, 1902, 1903. Circular on The Northrop Loom, issued by the British Northrop Loom Co., January, 1903. Essav on Continued Development of the Northrop Loom, deliv- ered bv General Draper at a meeting of the X. E. Cotton ]Manu- lacturers' Association in Boston, April 23. 1903. printed in Vol. 74 of the Transactions. ^^arious references in a l^ook. The American Cotton Industry, by T. M. Young, published by Charles Scribners' Sons, 1903. Chapter on Northrop Loom in Textile Texts^ second edi- tion, issued December, 1903. lO Essay on The Development of the Northrop Loom^ delivered before the Providence Society of Mechanical Engineers by George Otis Draper, printed in Providence Journal, Dec. 28, 1903 and other trade journals. 1904. Circular on List of Northrop Loofns Sold^ issued January, 1904. Article on Evolution of the Cotton Industry^ pul^lished in Gunton's Magazine for February, 1904. Pamphlet, Labor Saving Loo jns^ (the present volume). The present circular contains practicallv all the information that is applicable to date, so that our former issues would have no present interest. (This list for 1904 is only complete to April ist.) 1 1 COLLECTED EVIDENCE. Also Northrop Loom History, Vol. I, 1SS9-1S93 —574 pages. XoRTiiROP Loo.M History, Vol. II., 1S93-1S96— 1097 pages. Northrop Loom History, Vol. Ill, 1S97-1900—81S pages. These books are by the Secretary of the Draper Company and were compiled for general reference and use by counsel during litigation. They contain the history of- the exper- iments and development of the loom, and associated matters of interest. Their contents are naturally private, and not in- tended for general circulation, although the public is therefore deprived of an acquaintance with a unique mechanical romance. It is believed that no other volumes of like size were ever pre- pared for such a purpose. In our circular of November, 1S97, we had a word to say to possible competitors which still seems pertinent. We there- fore reprint a portion as a few unfortunate experimenters failed to note its truth on first appearance : "There are doubtless many brio;ht men who will in the next few years give time and toil in the endeavor to evade the claims of our pat- ents while producing similar mechanism. In view of the many other fields for inventive skill we ask— Is it worth the while? We are un- doubtedly the first in the field and legitimately entitled to a fair reward for the expenditure of money, loss of time and consumption of brain energy. Our success is no vagary of chance or lucky stroke of for- tune. ^ Every step in advance has been gained after constant thought and experiment, with ten failures for every success. The patent office has recognized the novelty of our devices by broad basic claims. We have searched the records here and abroad, and have proof that we are pioneers in our line. We shall defend our rights in the courts with the obstinacy of conviction, if such methods are necessary. We have no wish forV-hance to show our strength. A lawsuit involves a waste of energy for one side at least, and aii exi^ense for both. We appreciate these facts after thirty years of continuous litigation."" ^S3ACH0SEnS^BCHHO.OO.CAL.MST.TUTEUBRA«Y SOUTHEASTERN THE ART OF WEAVING. The process of weaving cloth consists in interhicing a con- tinuous thread amidst a series of parallel threads. Without giving an exhaustive historv of the art it may he pertinent lor further comparison to note down certain steps in its progress. It is fairlv well established to-day that woven goods were used as clothing bv the ancient Egvptians fully 6000 years ago. I have seen in vSwitzerland a preserved section f)f a net woven of twisted threads supposed to have been the work of the Lake dwellers in pre-historic times. In the ear- lier processes it is probable that the warp threads were stretched on pegs, the welt being inserted by the fingers. In such wea\-ing the warp threads usually lie A-ertically and in fact this is the method used to-day in producing rug-.s in the Orient with short wefts. With the use of longer weft also came the use of a stick with a hooked end for pulling it into position. If we are to form our further comparisons on a plain print cloth of the present width of zS inches containing 64 threads of warp and 64 of filling per inch, it is possible that the rate of weaving by this method on such goods could be figured as low as one pick per minute per opera- tive in the earliest use. Cloth is still woven bv this method in India, although a harness motion is added. History gives us no rec- ord of the time at which the warp threads were divided by har- nesses and the shuttle introduced.
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