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Ho Chi Minh's Ideology on National Unity in Vietnam's Revolution
The Indonesian Journal of Southeast As ian Studies Vol. 4, No. 1, July 2020, pp. 15-23 ISSN 2580-6580, E-ISSN 2597-9817 DOI: 10.22146/ikat.v4i1.56279 Ho Chi Minh's Ideology on National Unity in Vietnam's Revolution Tran Thi Dieu * University of Social Science and Humanities, Vietnam Abstract For any country in the stage of development, unity is always considered as palpable pilar for a stable and sustainable goal of welfare. This study focuses on the case of Vietnam by analysing Ho Chi Minh’s ideology. He is the initiator and builder of Vietnamese nation known as the ideology on great unity which continues to be expressed from theory to practice. Great national unity is both the goal and the top task of the revolution which may be seen thoroughly in all paths, guidelines and policies of the Party during the Party Congresses. This article further discusses the basis for the formulation of the national unity based on Ho Chi Minh’s ideology, explain why Ho Chi Minh can solve the national-class relationship, and draw out the implication for Vietnam in the stage of current development. Keywords: Ho Chi Minh; unit; national unity Introduction For any country in the stage of development, unity is always considered as palpable pilar for a stable and sustainable goal for the country’s welfare. Depending on the historical, natural and social conditions, the spirit of unity in each country is built based on its own philosophies. This study focuses on nation building of Vietnam, a country with many challenges geographically, historically and economically. -
The End of Détente* a Case Study of the 1980 Moscow Olympics
The End of Détente* A Case Study of the 1980 Moscow Olympics By Thomas Smith After the election of autonomous and must resist all pressure of any Jimmy Carter as US kind whatsoever, whether of a political, religious President, Prime or economic nature.”1 With British government Minister Margaret documents from 1980 recently released under the Thatcher flew to Thirty Year Rule, the time seems apt to evaluate the Washington on 17th debate about the Olympic boycott, and to ask the December 1979 for question: to what extent was the call by the British her first official visit. government for a boycott of the 1980 Moscow Five days later NATO Olympics an appropriate response to the invasion of announced the de- Afghanistan? ployment of a new Before the argument of the essay is established, it generation of American is first necessary to provide a brief narrative of the rockets and Cruise main events. Thatcher’s government began discussing missiles in Western the idea of a boycott in early January 1980; however, Europe. On the 25th their first action was to call for the Olympics to be December Soviet moved to a different location. Once the IOC declared troops marched into that relocating the Olympics was out of the question, Afghanistan. Thatcher told the House of Commons that she was now advising athletes not to go to Moscow and wrote Photo: U.S. Government to Sir Denis Follows, Chairman of the BOA, informing Introduction him of the government’s decision. The BOA, which was Britain’s NOC and the organisation that could During the 1970s, relations between the West and the accept or decline the invitation to the Olympics, Soviet Union were marked by an era of détente. -
Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution India and the Contemporary World Society Ofthefuture
Socialism in Europe and II the Russian Revolution Chapter 1 The Age of Social Change In the previous chapter you read about the powerful ideas of freedom and equality that circulated in Europe after the French Revolution. The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured. As you have read, before the eighteenth century society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power. Suddenly, after the revolution, it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who olution controlled social power began to be discussed. In India, Raja v Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution, and many others debated the ideas of post-revolutionary Europe. The developments in the colonies, in turn, reshaped these ideas of societal change. ian Re ss Not everyone in Europe, however, wanted a complete transformation of society. Responses varied from those who accepted that some change was necessary but wished for a gradual shift, to those who wanted to restructure society radically. Some were ‘conservatives’, others were ‘liberals’ or ‘radicals’. What did these terms really mean in the context of the time? What separated these strands of politics and what linked them together? We must remember that these terms do not mean the same thing in all contexts or at all times. We will look briefly at some of the important political traditions of the nineteenth century, and see how they influenced change. -
Politics of Balance
CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE FORMATION EUROPEENNE INSTITUT EUROPEEN DES HAUTES ETUDES INTERNATIONALES Academic Year 2005 – 2006 Politics of Balance The Conjuncture of Ethnic Party Formation and Development in Romania and Bulgaria Lilla Balázs M.A. Thesis in Advanced European and International Studies Academic Supervisor MATTHIAS WAECHTER Director of the DHEEI Nice, June 2006 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Emergence of the Two Ethnic Parties 2.1. The Birth of New Nation States 2.2. Romania: Revolution and the “Morning After” 2.2.1. Timisoara and the Fall of Ceausescu 2.2.2. The “Morning After” and Formation of the DAHR 2.3. Bulgaria: Revolution and the “Morning After” 2.3.1. The Fall of Zhivkov 2.3.2. The “Morning After” and Formation of the MRF 3. Politics of Balance: the Two Parties at a Closer Look 3.1. The DAHR and the MRF: Two Ethnic Parties in Context 3.1.1. Ethnic Parties 3.1.2. The Context of Minority Ethnic Parties 3.2. The DAHR and its Context 3.2.1. The DAHR—Ethnic Organization in National Politics 3.2.2. The DAHR in Context 3.3. The MRF and its Context 2 3.3.1. The MRF—Ethnic Party of a National Type 3.3.2. The MRF in Context 3.4. Ethnic Party Politics: Politics of Balance 4. The Dynamic of Ethnic Party Politics in Romania and Bulgaria 4.1. The DAHR and Political Developments in Romania 4.1.1. Radicalism and Isolation: 1992-1996 4.1.2. Electoral Revolution and Participation: 1996-2000 4.1.3. -
Mrs. Thatcher's Return to Victorian Values
proceedings of the British Academy, 78, 9-29 Mrs. Thatcher’s Return to Victorian Values RAPHAEL SAMUEL University of Oxford I ‘VICTORIAN’was still being used as a routine term of opprobrium when, in the run-up to the 1983 election, Mrs. Thatcher annexed ‘Victorian values’ to her Party’s platform and turned them into a talisman for lost stabilities. It is still commonly used today as a byword for the repressive just as (a strange neologism of the 1940s) ‘Dickensian’ is used as a short-hand expression to describe conditions of squalor and want. In Mrs. Thatcher’s lexicon, ‘Victorian’ seems to have been an interchangeable term for the traditional and the old-fashioned, though when the occasion demanded she was not averse to using it in a perjorative sense. Marxism, she liked to say, was a Victorian, (or mid-Victorian) ideo1ogy;l and she criticised ninetenth-century paternalism as propounded by Disraeli as anachronistic.2 Read 12 December 1990. 0 The British Academy 1992. Thanks are due to Jonathan Clark and Christopher Smout for a critical reading of the first draft of this piece; to Fran Bennett of Child Poverty Action for advice on the ‘Scroungermania’ scare of 1975-6; and to the historians taking part in the ‘History Workshop’ symposium on ‘Victorian Values’ in 1983: Gareth Stedman Jones; Michael Ignatieff; Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall. Margaret Thatcher, Address to the Bow Group, 6 May 1978, reprinted in Bow Group, The Right Angle, London, 1979. ‘The Healthy State’, address to a Social Services Conference at Liverpool, 3 December 1976, in Margaret Thatcher, Let Our Children Grow Tall, London, 1977, p. -
60 Years of Radio Free Europe in Munich and Prague
VOICES OF FREEDOM – WESTERN INTERFERENCE? 60 YEARS OF RADIO FREE EUROPE IN MUNICH AND PRAGUE Radio Free Europe (RFE) began regular broadcasts from Munich sixty years ago with a news programme by its Czechoslovak department. To mark this anniversary, the Collegium Carolinum (Munich), together with the Czech Centre (Munich), and the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes (Prague) held the conference Voices of Freedom – Western Interference? 60 Years of Radio Free Europe in Munich and Prague from 28 to 30 April 2011 at Munich’s Ludwig-Maximilian University. The conference revolved around RFE’s role as one of the most political and polarizing of all international radio broadcasters in the Cold War context. What were the station’s goals and how did it go about achieving them? To what extent did RFE contribute to an exchange of information and knowledge between East and West? The station’s political significance and the importance attached to similar international media in current politics and foreign affairs were demonstrated not least by the fact that the conference was held under the auspices of the Bavarian Prime Minister Horst Seehofer and the Czech Foreign Minister Karel Schwarzenberg. This was also clear in the public discussion on the theme of “International Broadcasting Today” at America House with former RFE journalist and current President of Estonia Toomas Hendrik Ilves, US Consul General Conrad R. Tribble, political scientist and media expert Hans J. Kleinsteuber (University of Hamburg), Associate Director of Broadcasting at RFE/RL in Prague, Abbas Djavadi, and Ingo Mannteufel from the Deutsche Welle. In the introductions and contributions of this discussion the tensions between political regard for the station, scholarly insights, and the perspectives of contemporary witnesses that were felt throughout the conference were already apparent. -
François Mitterrand, of Germany and France
François Mitterrand, Of Germany and France Caption: In 1996, François Mitterrand, President of France from 1981 to 1995, recalls the negative attitude of Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister, towards German reunification. Source: MITTERRAND, François. De l'Allemagne. De la France. Paris: Odile Jacob, 1996. 247 p. ISBN 2- 7381-0403-7. p. 39-44. Copyright: (c) Translation CVCE.EU by UNI.LU All rights of reproduction, of public communication, of adaptation, of distribution or of dissemination via Internet, internal network or any other means are strictly reserved in all countries. Consult the legal notice and the terms and conditions of use regarding this site. URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/francois_mitterrand_of_germany_and_france-en- 33ae0d5e-f55b-4476-aa6b-549648111114.html Last updated: 05/07/2016 1/3 François Mitterrand, Of Germany and France […] In Great Britain, on 10 November 1989, the Prime Minister’s Press Office published a statement in which Mrs Thatcher welcomed the lifting of the restrictions on movements of the population of East Germany towards the West, hoped that this would be a prelude to the dismantling of the Berlin Wall, looked forward to the installation of a democratic government in the German Democratic Republic and warned, ‘You have to take these things step by step.’ On the subject of unification, however, she said not a word. Three days later, at the Lord Mayor’s Banquet at the Guildhall in the City of London, she spoke about free elections and a multiparty system in East Germany, cooperation with the emerging democracies of Central Europe and the new role which NATO would have to play. -
An Examination of the Role of Nationalism in Estonia’S Transition from Socialism to Capitalism
De oeconomia ex natione: An Examination of the Role of Nationalism in Estonia’s Transition from Socialism to Capitalism Thomas Marvin Denson IV Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Besnik Pula, Committee Chair Courtney I.P. Thomas Charles L. Taylor 2 May 2017 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Estonia, post-Soviet, post-socialist, neoliberalism, nationalism, nationalist economy, soft nativism Copyright © 2017 by Thomas M. Denson IV De oeconomia ex natione: An Examination of the Role of Nationalism in Estonia’s Transition from Socialism to Capitalism Thomas Marvin Denson IV Abstract This thesis explores the role played by nationalism in Estonia’s transition to capitalism in the post-Soviet era and the way it continues to impact the Estonian economy. I hypothesize that nationalism was the key factor in this transition and that nationalism has placed a disproportionate economic burden on the resident ethnic Russians. First, I examine the history of Estonian nationalism. I examine the Estonian nationalist narrative from its beginning during the Livonian Crusade, the founding of Estonian nationalist thought in the late 1800s with a German model of nationalism, the conditions of the Soviet occupation, and the role of song festivals in Estonian nationalism. Second, I give a brief overview of the economic systems of Soviet and post-Soviet Estonia. Finally, I examine the impact of nationalism on the Estonian economy. To do this, I discuss the nature of nationalist economy, the presence of an ethno-national divide between the Estonians and Russians, and the impact of nationalist policies in citizenship, education, property rights, and geographical location. -
KGB Boss Says Robert Maxwell Was the Second Kissinger
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 21, Number 32, August 12, 1994 boss says Robert axwe KGB M ll was the second Kissinger by Mark Burdman On the evening of July 28, Germany's ARD television net Margaret Thatcher, who was frantically trying to prevent work broadcast an extraordinary documentary on the life German reunification. and death of the late Robert Maxwell, the British publishing Stanislav Sorokin was one of several top-level former magnate and sleazy wheeler-and-dealer who died under mys Soviet intelligence and political insiders who freely com terious circumstances, his body found floating in the waters mented on Maxwell during the broadcast. For their own rea off Tenerife in the Canary Islands, on Nov. 5, 1991. The sons, these Russians are evidently intent on provoking an show, "Man Overboard," was co-produced by the firm Mit international discussion of, and investigation into, the mys teldeutscher Rundfunk, headquartered in Leipzig in eastern teries of capital flight operations out of the U.S.S.R. in the Germany, and Austria's Oesterreicher Rundfunk. It relied late 1980s-early 1990s. Former Soviet KGB chief Vladimir primarily on interviews with senior officials of the former Kryuchkov, a partner of Maxwell in numerous underhanded Soviet KGB and GRU intelligence services, who helped ventures who went to jail for his role in the failed August build the case that the circumstances of Maxwell's death 1991 putsch against Gorbachov, suggests in the concluding must have been intimately linked to efforts to cover up sensi moments of the broadcast, that f'the English-American [sic] tive Soviet Communist Party capital flightand capital transfer secret services, who are experienced enough, could, if they to the West in the last days of the U.S.S.R. -
Revolution in Russia and the Formation of the Soviet Union
CLASSROOM COUNTRY PROFILES Revolution in Russia and the Formation of the Soviet Union The Russian Revolution often refers to two events that took place in 1917. The first, known as the February Revolution, forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate and led to the formation of a provisional government. During the second event, commonly known as the October Revolution or Bolshevik Revolution, Vla- dimir Lenin’s Bolshevik Party seized power and began seven decades of one-party rule. Some scholars and Soviet critics have argued that the second event was actually a coup by Lenin and his supporters and not a true revolution. The Russian Empire in 1914. Date confusion—The February Revolution actually In the early 1900s, cracks were beginning to appear in the tsar’s control took place in early March. Because the Russian Em- over the Russian Empire. An attempted revolution in 1905, which saw pire followed the Julian Calendar, which is 13 days mass worker strikes and peasant revolts, shook the monarchy and forced behind the Gregorian Calendar, the events are referred Tsar Nicholas II to implement political reform, including the establishment to as the February Revolution. Likewise, the October of a parliament and a new constitution. Revolution actually took place in early November. Reform temporarily quieted the unrest, but the new policies proved inef- Soviet—The word means “council” in Russian. Soviets fective and the parliament, known as the State Duma, was largely unable were workers’ councils made up of various socialist to override the Tsar’s decrees. parties at the end of the Russian Empire. -
Projections of International Solidarity and Security in Contemporary Estonia
DUKE UNIVERSITY Durham, North Carolina The Spirit Of Survival: Projections of International Solidarity and Security in Contemporary Estonia Katharyn S. Loweth April 2019 Under the supervision of Professor Gareth Price, Department of Linguistics Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Graduation with Distinction Program in International Comparative Studies Trinity College of Arts and Sciences Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. 2 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4 i. An Overview of the Estonian Nation-State ................................................................................................ 8 ii. Terminology ................................................................................................................................................... 12 iii. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 17 iv. Overview of the Chapters -
Margaret Thatcher, Thatcherism and Education
Commentary Reginald Edwards McGill University Margaret Thatcher, Thatcherism and Education The changes in educational policy in Britain that are being promoted by Margaret Thatcher's government are of such significance that educators in North America might be well advised to take notice of them. Professor Buck, in the Win ter issue of this journal, detailed many of these changes and compared them to the policies of Matthew Arnold. In this commentary, an attempt is made to examine the personal and political background of Margaret Thatcher and to draw sorne inferences about the origin of her ideas and policies, which have come to be known commonlyas "Thatcherism." Thatcher's personal background Margaret Roberts, born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, in 1925, began her education in a local primary school, and at the age of eleven began secondary education at the Kestevan and Grantham Grammar School for Girls. Admitted to Somerville College, Oxford, in 1943, she graduated in Science in 1946. In her final year she was the President of the Oxford University Conservative Association and, in this capacity, was invited to her first Annual Conference of the Conservative Party in 1946. She attended her second conference in 1948, as the representative of the Graduates' Association, and met representatives of the Dartford constituency. Asking to submit her name as a candidate for nomination, she was accepted, and she contested, unsuccessfully, the elections of 1950 and 1951 for that constituency. Through her political activities she met Dennis Thatcher, whom she married in an East London Methodist Chapel in December 1951. After marriage she began to study law, specializing in taxation law, and was adJTJitted to the Bar in 1954, one year after giving birth to twins.