DOCSLIB.ORG

Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF OREGON OREGON BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION CENTER July 2013 Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Institute for Natural Resources Portland State University PO Box 751, Mail Stop: INR Portland, OR 97207-0751 (503) 725-9950 http://orbic.pdx.edu With assistance from: U.S. Forest Service Bureau of Land Management U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NatureServe The Nature Conservancy Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Oregon Department of State Lands Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Oregon Department of Agriculture Native Plant Society of Oregon Compiled and published by the following staff at the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center: Jimmy Kagan, Director/Ecologist John Christy, Wetlands Ecologist/Bryologist Sue Vrilakas, Botanist/Data Manager Eleanor Gaines, Zoologist Cliff Alton, IS Manager Lindsey Wise, Botanist/Data Manager Kathy Howell, Volunteer Cover Photo: Euphydryas editha taylori (Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly). Photo by Dana Ross, used with permission. ORBIC Street Address: Portland State University, Science and Education Center Building, 2118 SW Fifth Ave., Suite 140, Portland, Oregon, 97201 ORBIC Mailing Address: Portland State University, Mail Stop INR, PO Box 751, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 Bibliographic reference to this publication should read: Oregon Biodiversity Information Center. 2013. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon. Institute for Natural Resources, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. 111 pp. CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Distribution Information ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Oregon Map with Ecoregions and Counties .......................................................................................................... 3 Definitions.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Special Animals ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Summary List ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Fish ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Amphibians .................................................................................................................................................... 12 Reptiles .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Birds ............................................................................................................................................................... 14 Mammals........................................................................................................................................................ 18 Invertebrates ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Animals Arranged by Status ............................................................................................................................. 34 Federal Endangered Species Act Status ......................................................................................................... 34 USFWS Species of Concern .......................................................................................................................... 35 State Endangered Species Act Status ............................................................................................................. 36 ODFW Sensitive Species List ........................................................................................................................ 36 Drops and Name Changes .............................................................................................................................. 38 Special Plants ....................................................................................................................................................... 39 Summary List .................................................................................................................................................... 43 Vascular Plants ............................................................................................................................................... 43 Marine Algae ................................................................................................................................................. 82 Liverworts and Hornworts ............................................................................................................................. 83 Mosses............................................................................................................................................................ 85 Lichens ........................................................................................................................................................... 90 Fungi .............................................................................................................................................................. 94 Plants Arranged by Status ............................................................................................................................... 104 Federal Endangered Species Act Status ....................................................................................................... 104 USFWS Species of Concern ........................................................................................................................ 104 State Endangered Species Act Status ........................................................................................................... 105 Drops and Name Changes ............................................................................................................................ 106 Plant Field Survey Form .................................................................................................................................... 108 Animal Field Survey Form ................................................................................................................................ 109 Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................................. 110 Codes and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 111 INTRODUCTION Extinction is a natural process. Today, however, Oregon Biodiversity Information Center plant and animal species are disappearing world-wide The Oregon Biodiversity Information Center at an accelerated pace. Based on current trends, half (ORBIC) is part of the Institute for Natural Resources of the species on earth will be extinct within the next (INR) located at Portland State University (PSU). 100 years. The major reasons for this are human ORBIC maintains extensive databases of Oregon caused changes to the environment, which continue to biodiversity, concentrating on rare and endangered increase - in Oregon and throughout the world. plants, animals and ecosystems. Once lost, a species can never be recovered, and ORBIC is managed by PSU, but has been a there is no way of knowing how useful it may have cooperative project, with significant support from been. We do know that human beings and many of Oregon Parks and Recreation, the Department of State their industries depend on plant and animal products. Lands, The Nature Conservancy in Oregon, U.S. Fish About 50% of all pharmaceuticals have a natural and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land component as an active ingredient, yet less than one Management (BLM), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) percent of the world's species have been chemically and Oregon State University. Biologists working for analyzed and tested. Many insects and plants contain these agencies, together with the state's herbaria and undescribed and highly functional compounds. museums, provide most of the information that comprise ORBIC's databases. ORBIC also manages Limnanthes pumila subsp. grandiflora, or wooly the state Natural Areas Program, for OPRD, as well as meadow-foam, a rare plant that grows in southwest their Section 6 invertebrate program. ORBIC is also Oregon, has been found to produce a hybrid with the affiliated with the Natural Heritage U.S. network with more common member of the genus, Limnanthes information being coordinated by the NatureServe alba. This hybrid grows well in the poorly drained organization. soils of the Willamette Valley and produces a valuable oil used for soaps, plastic and rubber production. In This booklet has been compiled using the most addition, the new hybrid meadow-foam does not current information available on the distribution and require the field burning necessary for other crops. abundance of plants and animals native to Oregon. This species, and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Patrice Benson Memorial NAMA Foray October 9-12, 2014
    VOLUME 54: 3 May-June 2014 www.namyco.org he 2014 Patrice Benson Memorial NAMA Foray atonville, Washington TE ctober 9-12, 2014 It’s the momentO you’ve all been waiting for—registration time for the 2014 NAMA Foray! Registration will open Monday, May 12 at 9 a.m. Pacific time. Foray attendees and staff will be limited to 250 people, so be sure to register early to get your preferred choice of lodging and to reserve your spot in a pre-foray workshop. Registration will be handled online through the PSMS registration system at www.psms.org/nama2014. If you are unable to complete registration online and need a printed form, contact Pacita Roberts immediately at (206) 498-0922 or mail to: [email protected]. The foray begins Thursday evening, Oct. 9, with dinner and speakers, and ends on Sunday morning, Oct. 12, after the mushroom collection walk-through. The basic package includes 3 nights and 8 meals. The package in- cluding a pre-foray workshop or the trustees meeting starts 2 days earlier on Tuesday night, Oct. 7, and includes 5 nights and 14 meals. The actual workshops and trustees meeting occur on Wednesday, Oct. 8. Speakers Dr. Steve Trudell will serve as the foray mycologist, and he, along with program chair Milton Tam, have ar- ranged an amazing lineup of presenters for 2014. Although the list is not quite finalized, this stellar cast of faculty has already committed: Alissa Allen, Dr. Denis Benjamin, Dr. Michael Beug, Dr. Tom Bruns, Dr. Cathy Cripps, Dr. Jim Ginns, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic
    Fungal Diversity Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic Beatriz Ortiz-Santana1*, D. Jean Lodge2, Timothy J. Baroni3 and Ernst E. Both4 1Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-FS, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2398, USA 2Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-FS, PO Box 1377, Luquillo, Puerto Rico 00773-1377, USA 3Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 2000, SUNY-College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045, USA 4Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, New York 14211, USA Ortiz-Santana, B., Lodge, D.J., Baroni, T.J. and Both, E.E. (2007). Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic. Fungal Diversity 27: 247-416. This paper presents results of surveys of stipitate-pileate Boletales in Belize and the Dominican Republic. A key to the Boletales from Belize and the Dominican Republic is provided, followed by descriptions, drawings of the micro-structures and photographs of each identified species. Approximately 456 collections from Belize and 222 from the Dominican Republic were studied comprising 58 species of boletes, greatly augmenting the knowledge of the diversity of this group in the Caribbean Basin. A total of 52 species in 14 genera were identified from Belize, including 14 new species. Twenty-nine of the previously described species are new records for Belize and 11 are new for Central America. In the Dominican Republic, 14 species in 7 genera were found, including 4 new species, with one of these new species also occurring in Belize, i.e. Retiboletus vinaceipes. Only one of the previously described species found in the Dominican Republic is a new record for Hispaniola and the Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • Il/Ill Signature Redactsignature Redacted for Privacy
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Matthew James Trappe for the degree of Master of Science in Forest Science presented on September 13, 2001. Title: Ecology of Craterellus tubaeformj',AI in Westerrj..Qron.il/Ill Signature redactSignature redacted for privacy. Abstract approved: A. Castellano Robert P. Griffith Craterellus tuba eformis is a small to medium-sized forest mushroom that is fairly common in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests of the Pacific Northwestern United States and is most often associated with decayed coarse woody debris. In this study, the mycorrhizae of Craterellus tubaeformis in western Oregon is identified by DNA analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, and the mantle morphology isdescribed. Host associations with western hemlock, Douglas-fir5 and Sitka spruce are identified using the same molecular techniques, with Craterellus tubaeformis most commonly associated with western hemlock. Differences in genetic sequences and host associations between western North America, eastern North America, and. Europe are presented, and the possibility that variants of Craterellus. tubaeformis from the different geographies might deserve their own species epithets is discussed. The dependency of Craterellus tubaeformis on late seral stands and abundance of coarse woody debris was quantified by surveying 64 plots in the Coast and Cascade ranges of western Oregon.Logistic regression showed that the odds of Craterellus tubaeformis occurrence increased with stand age and coarse woody debris (CWD) volumes, however it is often found in younger stands. The likelihood of Craterellus tubaeformis occurrence in a stand was highly correlated to the presence of western hemlock. Linear regression analysis showed no significant relationships between stand age, CWD volume, slope, elevation, or aspect on Craterellus tuba eformis biomass productivity, though well- decayed CWD was the substrate for 88% of the collected biomass.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Chapter 3 Conservation and Management of Forest Fungi in The
    Randy Molina, David Pilz, Jane Smith, Susie Dunham, Tina Dreisbach, Thomas O’Dell & Michael Castellano (2001). Conservation and management of forest fungi in the Pacific Northwestern United States: an integrated ecosystem approach. Chapter 3 in Fungal Conservation: Issues and Solutions (ed. Moore, D., Nauta, M. M., Evans, S. E. & Rotheroe, M.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K. Chapter 3 Conservation and management of forest fungi in the Pacific Northwestern United States: an integrated ecosystem approach RANDY MOLINA, DAVID PILZ, JANE SMITH, SUSIE DUNHAM, TINA DREISBACH, THOMAS O’DELL & MICHAEL CASTELLANO Introduction The vast forests of the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, an area outlined by the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, are well known for their rich diversity of macrofungi. The forests are dominated by trees in the Pinaceae with about 20 species in the genera Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga. All form ectomycorrhizas with fungi in the Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and a few Zygomycota. Other ectomycorrhizal genera include Alnus, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Castinopsis, Corylus, Lithocarpus, Populus, Quercus, and Salix, often occurring as understory or early-successional trees. Ectomycorrhizal fungi number in the thousands; as many as 2,000 species associate with widespread dominant trees such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) (Trappe, 1977). The Pacific Northwest region also contains various ecozones on diverse soil types that range from extremely wet coastal forests to xeric interior forests, found at elevations from sea level to timber line at 2,000 to 3,000 metres. The combination of diverse ectomycorrhizal host trees inhabiting steep environmental and physical gradients has yielded perhaps the richest forest mycota of any temperate forest zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics of the Genus Rhizopogon Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Large Subunit and Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Lisa C. Grubisha for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on June 22, 1998. Title: Systematics of the Genus Rhizopogon Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Large Subunit and Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences. Abstract approved Redacted for Privacy Joseph W. Spatafora Rhizopogon is a hypogeous fungal genus that forms ectomycorrhizae with genera of the Pinaceae. The greatest number and species of Rhizopogon are found in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwestern United States, where members of the Pinaceae are also concentrated. Rhizopogon spp. are host-specific primarily with Pinus spp. and Pseudotsuga spp. and thus are an important component of these forest ecosystems. Rhizopogon includes over 100 species; however, the systematics of Rhizopogon have not been well understood. Currently the genus is placed in the Boletales, an order of ectomycorrhizal fungi that are primarily epigeous and have a tubular hymenium. Suillus is a stipitate genus closely related to Rhizopogon that is also in the Boletales and host specific with Pinaceae.I examined the relationship of Rhizopogon to Suillus and other genera in the Boletales. Infrageneric relationships in Rhizopogon were also investigated to test current taxonomic hypotheses and species concepts. Through phylogenetic analyses of large subunit and internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, I found that Rhizopogon and Suillus formed distinct monophyletic groups. Rhizopogon was composed of four distinct groups; sections Amylopogon and Villosuli were strongly supported monophyletic groups. Section Rhizopogon was not monophyletic, and formed two distinct clades. Section Fulviglebae formed a strongly supported group within section Villosuli.
    [Show full text]
  • Duke University Dissertation Template
    Systematics, Phylogeography and Ecology of Elaphomycetaceae by Hannah Theresa Reynolds Department of Biology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Rytas Vilgalys, Supervisor ___________________________ Marc Cubeta ___________________________ Katia Koelle ___________________________ François Lutzoni ___________________________ Paul Manos Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 iv ABSTRACTU Systematics, Phylogeography and Ecology of Elaphomycetaceae by Hannah Theresa Reynolds Department of Biology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Rytas Vilgalys, Supervisor ___________________________ Marc Cubeta ___________________________ Katia Koelle ___________________________ François Lutzoni ___________________________ Paul Manos An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Hannah Theresa Reynolds 2011 Abstract This dissertation is an investigation of the systematics, phylogeography, and ecology of a globally distributed fungal family, the Elaphomycetaceae. In Chapter 1, we assess the literature on fungal phylogeography, reviewing large-scale phylogenetics studies and performing a meta-data analysis of fungal population genetics. In particular, we examined
    [Show full text]
  • Redacted for Privacy
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONOF Kentaro Hosaka for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on October 26, 2005. Title: Systematics, Phylogeny, andBiogeography of the Hysterangiales and Related Taxa (Phallomycetidae, Homobasidiomycetes). Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Monophyly of the gomphoid-phalloid dadewas confirmed based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. Four major subclades(Hysterangiales, Geastrales, Gomphales and Phallales) were also demonstratedto be monophyletic. The interrelationships among the subclades were, however, not resolved, andalternative topologies could not be rejected statistically. Nonetheless,most analyses showed that the Hysterangiales and Phallales do not forma monophyletic group, which is in contrast to traditional taxonomy. The higher-level phylogeny of thegomphoid-phalloid fungi tends to suggest that the Gomphales form a sister group with either the Hysterangialesor Phallales. Unweighted parsimonycharacter state reconstruction favorsthe independent gain of the ballistosporic mechanism in the Gomphales, but the alternativescenario of multiple losses of ballistospoiy could not be rejected statistically underlikelihood- based reconstructions. This latterhypothesis is consistent with thewidely accepted hypothesis that the loss of ballistosporyis irreversible. The transformationof fruiting body forms from nongastroid to gastroidwas apparent in the lineage leading to Gautieria (Gomphales), but thetree topology and character statereconstructions supported that truffle-like
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Rare, Little Known, Old-Growth Forest-Associated Fungi in the Pacific Northwest USA: a Case Study in Fungal Conservation
    mycological research 112 (2008) 613–638 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Review Protecting rare, little known, old-growth forest-associated fungi in the Pacific Northwest USA: A case study in fungal conservation Randy MOLINA* USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA article info abstract Article history: In 1994, 234 fungal species were listed for protection under the Survey and Manage Received 29 June 2007 Programme (SMP) guidelines of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP), an area encompassing Received in revised form 9.7 M ha of federal land in the states of Washington, Oregon, and northern California. 16 November 2007 The fungal species were presumed rare, associated with late-successional old-growth for- Accepted 10 December 2007 ests, and in need of protection not afforded by the major elements of the NWFP, including Corresponding Editor: a vast system of forest reserves. The SMP guidelines thus called for protecting known sites David L. Hawksworth while gathering information through surveys to learn more about species rarity, distribu- tion, habitat requirements, and persistence concerns. If new information revealed that Keywords: a species was not rare, not associated with late-successional old-growth forests, or that Coarse-fine filter other aspects of the NWFP guidelines provided for their persistence (e.g. adequate protec- Fungal rarity tion provided by forest reserves), the species could be removed from the programme. The Fungal reserves first assemblage of known site records from fungal herbaria yielded approximately 3500 Habitat conservation records for all listed species. After 12 y of survey the total number of records increased Northwest Forest Plan four-fold to approximately 14400 records.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon
    Portland State University PDXScholar Institute for Natural Resources Publications Institute for Natural Resources - Portland 10-2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon James S. Kagan Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Sue Vrilakas Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, [email protected] Eleanor P. Gaines Portland State University Cliff Alton Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Lindsey Koepke Oregon Biodiversity Information Center See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/naturalresources_pub Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Oregon Biodiversity Information Center. 2010. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Oregon. Institute for Natural Resources, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. 105 pp. This Book is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for Natural Resources Publications by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Authors James S. Kagan, Sue Vrilakas, Eleanor P. Gaines, Cliff Alton, Lindsey Koepke, John A. Christy, and Erin Doyle This book is available at PDXScholar: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/naturalresources_pub/24 RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF OREGON OREGON BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION CENTER October 2010 Oregon Biodiversity Information Center Institute for Natural Resources Portland State University PO Box 751, Mail Stop: INR Portland, OR 97207-0751 (503) 725-9950 http://orbic.pdx.edu With assistance from: Native Plant Society of Oregon The Nature Conservancy Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Oregon Department of State Lands Oregon Natural Heritage Advisory Council U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Ecology, and Conservation of Truffle Fungi in Forests of the Pacific Northwest
    United States Department of Agriculture Diversity, Ecology, and Forest Service Conservation of Truffle Pacific Northwest Research Station Fungi in Forests of the General Technical Report PNW-GTR-772 April 2009 Pacific Northwest James M. Trappe, Randy Molina, Daniel L. Luoma, D E E P R A U R T LT MENT OF AGRICU Efren Cázares, David Pilz, Jane E. Smith, Michael A. Castellano, Steven L. Miller, and Matthew J. Trappe Authors James M. Trappe is a professor, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; he prepared sections on history of truffle science in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), evolution, and diversity of truffles. Randy Molina is a research botanist (retired), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 629 SW Main, Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205; he prepared sections on introductory concepts, mycorrhizal symbiosis and specificity, fungal rarity, management principles, and historical contributions of James Trappe to truffle science in the PNW. Daniel L. Luoma is an assistant professor, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; he prepared sections on community ecology, mycophagy, silvicultural effects, and inventory methods. Efren Cázares is an affiliate faculty member, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; he prepared sections on genera descriptions. David Pilz is an affiliate faculty member, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; he prepared sections on culinary truffles. Jane E. Smith is a research botanist and Michael Castellano is a research forester, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Spore Prints Tuesday, October JO, 1995, at 7:30 PM in the Center for Urban Horticulture, 3501 N.E
    BULLETIN OF THE PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 315 October 1995 THE STUNTZ FOUNDATION in cooperation with the PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY Presents The Fungal Community: Its Role in the Ecosystem Dr. James M. Trappe The Stuntz Foundation and the Puget Sound Mycological Society are pleased to announce the Second Annual Daniel E. Stuntz Memorial Lecture. Our distinguished speaker will be James M. Trappe, Ph.D., Professor, Forest Science, Botany-Plant Pathology at Oregon State Uruversity. Dr. Trappe began his academic career at the University of Washington, receiving his B.S. in Forestry in 1953. He then pursued an M.F. in Silviculture from the State University ofNew York in 1955. He received his Ph.D. in Forestry at the University of Washington in 1962. His primary research areas have been the taxonomy of niycorrhizal fungi; below ground ecosystems; mycor­ rhizal ecology, evolution, physiology, and applications; and fungal/animal interactions.· He is the author or co-author of 270 research papers in professional journals and books, including descriptions of 3 new families, 20 new genera, 84 new species, and 69 combinations of fungi. Dr. Trappe is a renowned truffle expert and has discovered many interesting complexities involv­ ing the hypogeous fungi and flying squirrels. A world-class researcher, Dr.Trappe has conducted research all over the globe as a visiting scholar, has received many professional and civic honors, teaches, and has served as Principal Mycologist and Project Leader with the U.S. Forest service for 30 years. Please join us for a tribute to Dr. Stuntz in the form of a fascinating and informative lecture by his former pupil, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology, Ecology, and Social Aspects of Wild Edible Mushrooms in the Forests of the Pacific Northwest: a Preface to Managing Commercial Harvest
    Authors RANDY MOLINA is a research botanist, MICHAEL AMARANTHUS is a research ecologist, and MICHAEL CASTELLANO is a research forester, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331; THOMAS O'DELL is a research associate, Department of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; DANIEL LUOMA is a research associate, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and KENELM RUSSELL is a State pathologist, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Forest Health, Olympia, WA 98504-7048. Biology, Ecology, and Social Aspects of Wild Edible Mushrooms in the Forests of the Pacific Northwest: A Preface to Managing Commercial Harvest Randy Molina Thomas O'Dell Daniel Luoma Michael Amaranthus Michael Castellano Kenelm Russell U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, OR General Technical Report PNW-GTR-309 February 1993 Abstract Molina, Randy; O'Dell, Thomas; Luoma, Daniel; Amaranthus, Michael; Castellano, Michael; Russell, Kenelm. 1993. Biology, ecology, and social aspects of wild edible mushrooms in the forests of the Pacific Northwest: a preface to managing commercial harvest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-309. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 42 p. The commercial harvest of edible forest fungi has mushroomed into a multimillion dollar industry with several thousand tons harvested annually. The development of this special forest product industry has raised considerable controversy about how this resource should be managed, especially on public lands. Concerns center around destruction of forest habitat by repeated entry and harvest, gradual loss of the mushroom resource by potential overharvest, conflict between recreational users and commercial harvesters, and regulation and monitoring of future harvests.
    [Show full text]