DOCSLIB.ORG

THE OREGON BLACK TRUFFLE, LEUCANGIUM Frequently Encountered False Truffles As Well

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE OREGON BLACK TRUFFLE, LEUCANGIUM Frequently Encountered False Truffles As Well BULLETIN OF THE PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 452 May 2009 THE OREGON BLACK TRUFFLE, LEUCANGIUM frequently encountered false truffles as well. “Truffle,” as used CARTHUSIANUM: A Fascinating and Fragrant by the above authors, simply refers to hypogeous (subterranean) Find from a Local Backyard Brian Luther fungal fruiting bodies, regardless of the taxonomic grouping, a convenient catchall category. In early April Hildegard Hendrickson came over and dropped off The Europeans tend to be very narrow in their interpretation of half of a truffle-like fungus with a note asking for an identifica- a true truffle—fungi in the genus Tuber or in the family Tubera- tion. It was found and collected by PSMS member Doug U-Ren ceae of the Ascomycetes (Ascomycota). These fungi have unique (Young Doug) on April 7 with wood chips and soil in his backyard spores that set them apart from the other truffle-like fungi. Thus in Edmonds. The only trees in the area were Douglas Fir about other hypogeous fungi, both Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes 35 feet away. and others not possessing these characters and not placed within It was a good-sized specimen that was in very good, fresh con- the Tuberaceae, are considered as “false truffles,” if you follow dition. It had a dark brown, almost black, and very roughened this line of thinking. peridium, and in cross section the gleba was beautifully marbled Others take a more liberal or broad-minded approach, including with dark chambers surrounded by pale, whitish veins. It had a all developmentally subterranean or even mostly subterranean pronounced, fragrant smell that was, as I describe it, a very power- fungal fruiting bodies as truffles. ful truffleoid odor—that is, fragrant but a bit musty too. Peculiar enough that I couldn’t nail down any comparative odor for refer- As an undergraduate in the Dept. of Botany at the University of ence. The odor was so strong that it filled my mycology lab and Washington in the early 1970s, while taking Dan Stuntz’s Asco- library and was very noticeable to others entering. My wife Pam mycete course, I clearly remember having a conversation with thought the odor was disagreeable. I didn’t find it objectionable, Dan about exactly what a true truffle was. His view was that of just really strong. The inside of the gleba briefly reminded me of the traditional Europeans and Helen Gilkey’s—namely it had to be the Basidiomycete false-truffle genusMelanogaster because of the in the Order Tuberales to be a true truffle. Following this reason- dark fertile chambers surrounded by whitish veins, but it lacked ing, the Oregon Black Truffle is also a “false truffle”; although it the gelatinous texture of that genus. The only species of that genus is an Ascomycete, it’s placed in the family Discinaceae, not the that I’ve studied in detail is Melanogaster tuberiformis, which Tuberaceae. In Europe this species is called the “Summer Truffle” is very different in size, form, and appearance (inside and out) to distinguish it from species of the genus Tuber. and has a distinctive garlicky odor which this collection lacked. Most of the hypogeous truffle-like fungi that have been brought or Miller (1997) states that species in the genus Melanogaster have sent to me for ID over the years have turned out to be some kind a “strong odor of latex paint.” of false truffle, and most of these have ended up being species in I pondered what it could be macroscopically only very briefly the genus Rhizopogon. It is worth noting that truffle-like fungi before taking it into the lab and doing a microscopic examina- have evolved in many groups of fungi. Some are Basidiomycetes, tion. It turned out to be an Ascomycete “truffle” in the family closely related to boletes, coral fungi, agarics (gilled mushrooms), Discinaceae—Leucangium carthusianum (Picoa carthusiana in stinkhorns, or other Gastromycetes. Still others are Ascomycetes, Gilkey, 1954; Arora, 1979; Castellano et al., 1989; and Phillips, closely related to morels, helvellas, other Discomycetes and other 1991), with only a difference in glebal color. This is the highly major fungal taxonomic groups as well, such as Zygomycetes, prized Oregon Black Truffle. Glomeromycota, etc. Regardless of your personal interpretation of what a “truffle” is, the specific macroscopic and in particular microscopic features of these fungi are what define their precise taxonomic position within the Kingdom of Fungi. The Oregon Black Truffle belongs to a family of Discomycetes that are very familiar to most of you in spring, the Discinaceae. The genera Discina, Gyromitra, and Pseudorhizina, in particular, are represented by several frequently encountered and conspicuous species in our spring flora and are common “snow bank” fungi, often being found near receding snow. It’s interesting to note that all of our terrestrial above-ground fruiting species in this family Oregon Black Truffle, Leucangium carthusianum. do not have any noticeable odor. An excellent recent publication, Field Guide To North American It’s then curious to think about the evolutionary significance of Truffles, by Trappe et al. (2007) covers true truffles, but by far strong odors that have formed in their subterranean relatives it mostly treats false truffles. Of the 90 species illustrated and such as the Oregon Black Truffle. It seems quite logical that the described in this handy little book, only 10 are true truffles in the Tuberaceae, making it a great reference for the diverse and more cont. on page 4 page 1 MEMBERSHIP MEETING Tuesday, May 12, 2009, at the Center for Urban Horticulture, 3501 Spore Prints NE 41st Street, Seattle is published monthly, September through June by the Our May meeting will feature Susan Kaufman, PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY owner of Serafina, and Serafina’s executive chef, Center for Urban Horticulture, Box 354115 Dylan Giordan. Taste, smell, and admire the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (206) 522-6031 http://www.psms.org mushrooms prepared by Susan and Dylan and User name: Password: learn some techniques that they will share with our mushroom community. Serafina is located in OFFICERS: Patrice Benson, President the Eastlake neighborhood and serves fabulous Susan Kaufman Milton Tam, Vice President Italian-style dishes prepared with the freshest ingredients. Susan John Goldman, Treasurer Denise Banaszewski, Secretary Kaufman is a member of Les Dames d’Escoffier which provides opportunities and scholarships to women in Washington State to TRUSTEES: Brenda Fong, Debra Lehrberger, study culinary arts and arts of the table. Cathy Lennebacker, Don Lennebacker, Dennis Notman, Jamie Notman, Please come a little early to browse the book section or visit our Randy Richardson, Jennifer Slack, library. Will those with last names beginning with the letters A–K Kim Traverse, Jean Zatochill please bring a treat to share. Ron Post (Immed. Past Pres.) ALTERNATE: Louise Asif, Jim Hughes SCI. ADVISOR: Dr. Joseph F. Ammirati CARNATION FIELD TRIP Hildegard Hendrickson EDITOR: Agnes A. Sieger, 271 Harmony Lane, & Brian Luther Port Angeles, WA 98362 [email protected] The morning of Saturday, March 28, was as cold and rainy as many mornings this spring. Annual dues $25; full-time students $15 We had scouted the area Thursday, and knew that we could not expect many mushrooms. Even though fungi were few and far between on our scouting trip, we came across a farm field near CALENDAR Carnation with an unusual breed of dairy cattle with distinctive markings. Brian recognized them right away as Dutch Belteds. May 9 Field Trip, 29 Pines Hildegard pulled off the road so Brian could get some good May 11 Master Gardeners’ ID clinic, 4–7 p.m., CUH atrium photos. You rarely see this breed, but it’s highly regarded for its milk production. May 12 Membership Meeting, 7:30 p.m., CUH On Saturday, on the way to the field trip, Brian and Hildegard May 16 Field Trip, Swauk Creek had a “jolt” while driving up Tolt Hill: a deer jumped in front of May 18 Board Meeting, 7:30 p.m., CUH Hildegard’s car and tested her brakes. The car did not miss the Master Gardeners’ ID clinic, 4–7 p.m., CUH atrium deer by more than an inch. Both we and the doe (and the car) were May 19 Spore Prints deadline lucky the encounter wasn’t any closer. May 22–25 Field Trip, Eagle Creek We had seen on Thursday how the December/January flood had May 25 Master Gardeners’ ID clinic, 4–7 p.m., CUH atrium devastated MacDonald Park. The park had not officially opened because the toilets were not operational (there were several “hon- May 29–31 Ben Woo Foray cancelled eybuckets” available), and the electricity had been restored only the day before. The park ranger allowed us to use the red barn, which we all welcomed, so we did not have to carry all the sup- BOARD NEWS Denise Banaszewski plies and books across the hanging foot bridge. We had coffee and munchies and Hildegard brought some delicious, rich fruit cake The good news is that Mushroom Maynia! is coming up quickly, for the 45 persons who came. After we gave short lectures, the and we’re hoping to have a great turnout and a great time again group divided and we took off into the woods. this year. The sad news is that the Ben Woo Memorial Foray The unusually cold March delayed everything, and only a handful will be canceled this year. Mushroom ID clinics will continue on of species of fungi were collected, even with two groups going Mondays from 4:00–7:00 p.m. at the CUH in conjunction with out in different locations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of True Morels
    Fungal Genetics and Biology 48 (2011) 252–265 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Genetics and Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yfgbi Phylogeny and historical biogeography of true morels (Morchella) reveals an early Cretaceous origin and high continental endemism and provincialism in the Holarctic ⇑ Kerry O’Donnell a, , Alejandro P. Rooney a, Gary L. Mills b, Michael Kuo c, Nancy S. Weber d, Stephen A. Rehner e a Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, United States b Diversified Natural Products, Scottville, MI 49454, United States c Department of English, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, United States d Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States e Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States article info summary Article history: True morels (Morchella, Ascomycota) are arguably the most highly-prized of the estimated 1.5 million Received 15 June 2010 fungi that inhabit our planet. Field guides treat these epicurean macrofungi as belonging to a few species Accepted 21 September 2010 with cosmopolitan distributions, but this hypothesis has not been tested. Prompted by the results of a Available online 1 October 2010 growing number of molecular studies, which have shown many microbes exhibit strong biogeographic structure and cryptic speciation, we constructed a 4-gene dataset for 177 members of the Morchellaceae Keywords: to elucidate their origin, evolutionary diversification and historical biogeography.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of Feb
    V OMPHALINISSN 1925-1858 Vol. V, No 2 Newsletter of Feb. 28, 2014 OMPHALINA OMPHALINA, newsletter of Foray Newfoundland & Labrador, has no fi xed schedule of publication, and no promise to appear again. Its primary purpose is to serve as a conduit of information to registrants of the upcoming foray and secondarily as a communications tool with members. Issues of OMPHALINA are archived in: is an amateur, volunteer-run, community, Library and Archives Canada’s Electronic Collection <http://epe. not-for-profi t organization with a mission to lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/omphalina/index.html>, and organize enjoyable and informative amateur Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Queen Elizabeth II Library mushroom forays in Newfoundland and (printed copy also archived) <http://collections.mun.ca/cdm4/ description.php?phpReturn=typeListing.php&id=162>. Labrador and disseminate the knowledge gained. The content is neither discussed nor approved by the Board of Directors. Therefore, opinions expressed do not represent the views of the Board, Webpage: www.nlmushrooms.ca the Corporation, the partners, the sponsors, or the members. Opinions are solely those of the authors and uncredited opinions solely those of the Editor. ADDRESS Foray Newfoundland & Labrador Please address comments, complaints, contributions to the self-appointed Editor, Andrus Voitk: 21 Pond Rd. Rocky Harbour NL seened AT gmail DOT com, A0K 4N0 CANADA … who eagerly invites contributions to OMPHALINA, dealing with any aspect even remotely related to mushrooms. E-mail: info AT nlmushrooms DOT ca Authors are guaranteed instant fame—fortune to follow. Authors retain copyright to all published material, and BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSULTANTS submission indicates permission to publish, subject to the usual editorial decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Truffle Guide 2016 the FOUR ITALIAN TRUFFLES
    ITALFOODS Truffle guide 2016 THE FOUR ITALIAN TRUFFLES WHITE TRUFFLES (Tuber Magnatum Pico) The white truffle is the most rare and precious of all truffles. It is picked only between the months of September and December in the town of Alba in the Piemonte region. The smooth, yellow surface of the truffle hides an interior that varies from brown to pale hazelnut with thin, light veins. Its unmistakable aroma is extremely intense, yet delicate. The key to its use is to use it raw. The classic combination would be egg paparadelle tossed with butter, the best grated Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, and then at the end the White Truffle thinly shaved on top. Preferably at tableside for dramatic effect. BLACK WINTER TRUFFLES (Tuber Melanosporum Vitt) This “black diamond” can be found as far as 20 inches under the ground, near oak trees, hornbeams, and hazelnut trees. It is picked in the Umbrian region of Italy between December and March. Its surface is black and wrinkled, with minute warts and its pulp is a purplish black with numerous, thin veins. Best tossed with warm olive oil and seasoning to taste. BIANCHETTO TRUFFLES (Tuber Albidum Pico) The season for picking the Bianchetto truffles, which is the smallest of the truffles, is between the months of January and April. They are whitish in color, while the pulp is a pale hazelnut with white veins. Their taste is sharp, but added to butter or olive oil, they tend to taste very similar to the precious white truffles. BLACK SUMMER TRUFFLES (Tuber Aestivum Vitt) The easy availability of these truffles makes them the most widely used.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2014 Patrice Benson Memorial NAMA Foray October 9-12, 2014
    VOLUME 54: 3 May-June 2014 www.namyco.org he 2014 Patrice Benson Memorial NAMA Foray atonville, Washington TE ctober 9-12, 2014 It’s the momentO you’ve all been waiting for—registration time for the 2014 NAMA Foray! Registration will open Monday, May 12 at 9 a.m. Pacific time. Foray attendees and staff will be limited to 250 people, so be sure to register early to get your preferred choice of lodging and to reserve your spot in a pre-foray workshop. Registration will be handled online through the PSMS registration system at www.psms.org/nama2014. If you are unable to complete registration online and need a printed form, contact Pacita Roberts immediately at (206) 498-0922 or mail to: [email protected]. The foray begins Thursday evening, Oct. 9, with dinner and speakers, and ends on Sunday morning, Oct. 12, after the mushroom collection walk-through. The basic package includes 3 nights and 8 meals. The package in- cluding a pre-foray workshop or the trustees meeting starts 2 days earlier on Tuesday night, Oct. 7, and includes 5 nights and 14 meals. The actual workshops and trustees meeting occur on Wednesday, Oct. 8. Speakers Dr. Steve Trudell will serve as the foray mycologist, and he, along with program chair Milton Tam, have ar- ranged an amazing lineup of presenters for 2014. Although the list is not quite finalized, this stellar cast of faculty has already committed: Alissa Allen, Dr. Denis Benjamin, Dr. Michael Beug, Dr. Tom Bruns, Dr. Cathy Cripps, Dr. Jim Ginns, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Corylus Avellana
    Annals of Microbiology (2019) 69:553–565 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-019-1445-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chinese white truffles shape the ectomycorrhizal microbial communities of Corylus avellana Mei Yang1 & Jie Zou2,3 & Chengyi Liu1 & Yujun Xiao1 & Xiaoping Zhang2,3 & Lijuan Yan4 & Lei Ye2 & Ping Tang1 & Xiaolin Li2 Received: 29 October 2018 /Accepted: 30 January 2019 /Published online: 14 February 2019 # Università degli studi di Milano 2019 Abstract Here, we investigated the influence of Chinese white truffle (Tuber panzhihuanense) symbioses on the microbial communities associated with Corylus avellana during the early development stage of symbiosis. The microbial communities associated with ectomycorrhizae, and associated with roots without T. panzhihuanense colonization, were determined via high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS genes. Microbial community diversity was higher in the communities associated with the ectomycorrhizae than in the control treatment. Further, bacterial and fungal community structures were different in samples containing T. panzhihuanense in association with C. avellana compared to the control samples. In particular, the bacterial genera Rhizobium, Pedomicrobium,andHerbiconiux were more abundant in the ectomycorrhizae, in addition to the fungal genus Monographella. Moreover, there were clear differences in some physicochemical properties among the rhizosphere soils of the two treatments. Statistical analyses indicated that soil properties including exchangeable magnesium and exchange- able calcium prominently influenced microbial community structure. Lastly, inference of bacterial metabolic functions indicated that sugar and protein metabolism functions were significantly more enriched in the communities associated with the ectomycorrhizae from C. avellana mycorrhized with T. panzhihuanense compared to communities from roots of cultivated C.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Optimization of Culture Conditions for Protein Production by a Newly Isolated Morchella Fluvialis
    Research Article Statistical Optimization of Culture Conditions for Protein Production by a Newly Isolated Morchella fluvialis Zahra Rahgo,1 Hamid reza Samadlouie ,1 Shideh Mojerlou,2 and Kambiz Jahanbin1 1Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrood, Iran 2Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, P. O. Box: 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Hamid reza Samadlouie; [email protected] Received 22 April 2019; Revised 13 September 2019; Accepted 11 November 2019 Academic Editor: Somboon Tanasupawat Copyright © 2019 Zahra Rahgo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Morchella fungi are considered a good source of protein. The ITS region was used to identify Morchella isolated in the northern region of Iran. The isolated fungus was very similar to Morchella fluvialis. M. fluvialis was first isolated in Iran. Dried biomass of M. fluvialis contained 9% lipids and 50% polysaccharides. Fatty acid profiles of lipids of M. fluvialis are mainly made up of linoleic acid (C18:2) (62%), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) (12%). Testosterone (TS) was also detected (0.732 ng/dry weight biomass (DWB)) in the hormone profile of this new isolated species. Then, various protein and carbon sources as variable factorswere applied to identify the key substrates, which stimulated protein production using the one-factor-at-a-time method. Key substrates (glucose and soybean) were statistically analyzed to determine the optimum content of the protein and DWB accumulation using response surface methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Revision of True Morels (<I>Morchella</I>) in Canada And
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2012 Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States Michael Kuo Eastern Illinois University Damon R. Dewsbury University of Toronto Kerry O'Donnell USDA-ARS M. Carol Carter Stephen A. Rehner USDA-ARS, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Kuo, Michael; Dewsbury, Damon R.; O'Donnell, Kerry; Carter, M. Carol; Rehner, Stephen A.; Moore, John David; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Canfield, Stephen A.; Stephenson, Steven L.; Methven, Andrew S.; and Volk, Thomas J., "Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States" (2012). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 1564. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/1564 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Michael Kuo, Damon R. Dewsbury, Kerry O'Donnell, M. Carol Carter, Stephen A. Rehner, John David Moore, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Stephen A. Canfield, Steven L. Stephenson, Andrew S. Methven, and Thomas J. Volk This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ usdaarsfacpub/1564 Mycologia, 104(5), 2012, pp. 1159–1177. DOI: 10.3852/11-375 # 2012 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States Michael Kuo M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of the Yellow Morel from Israel Segula Masaphy,* Limor Zabari, Doron Goldberg, and Gurinaz Jander-Shagug
    The Complexity of Morchella Systematics: A Case of the Yellow Morel from Israel Segula Masaphy,* Limor Zabari, Doron Goldberg, and Gurinaz Jander-Shagug A B C Abstract Individual morel mushrooms are highly polymorphic, resulting in confusion in their taxonomic distinction. In particu- lar, yellow morels from northern Israel, which are presumably Morchella esculenta, differ greatly in head color, head shape, ridge arrangement, and stalk-to-head ratio. Five morphologically distinct yellow morel fruiting bodies were genetically character- ized. Their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region within the nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial LSU (28S) gene were se- quenced and analyzed. All of the analyzed morphotypes showed identical genotypes in both sequences. A phylogenetic tree with retrieved NCBI GenBank sequences showed better fit of the ITS sequences to D E M. crassipes than M. esculenta but with less than 85% homology, while LSU sequences, Figure 1. Fruiting body morphotypes examined in this study. (A) MS1-32, (B) MS1-34, showed more then 98.8% homology with (C) MS1-52, (D) MS1-106, (E) MS1-113. Fruiting bodies were similar in height, approxi- both species, giving no previously defined mately 6-8 cm. species definition according the two se- quences. Keywords: ITS region, Morchella esculenta, 14 FUNGI Volume 3:2 Spring 2010 MorchellaFUNGI crassipes Volume, phenotypic 3:2 Spring variation. 2010 FUNGI Volume 3:2 Spring 2010 15 Introduction Materials and Methods Morchella sp. fruiting bodies (morels) are highly polymorphic. Fruiting bodies: Fruiting bodies used in this study were collected Although morphology is still the primary means of identifying from the Galilee region in Israel in the 2003-2007 seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Gyromitra Ambigua, Birchy Brook SECRETARY Nordic Ski Club Trails, Goose Bay, Labrador, August Jim Cornish AUDITOR 8, 2012
    V OMPHALINISSN 1925-1858 Foray registration & information issue Vol. VI, No 3 Newsletter of Apr. 16, 2015 OMPHALINA OMPHALINA, newsletter of Foray Newfoundland & Labrador, has no fi xed schedule of publication, and no promise to appear again. Its primary purpose is to serve as a conduit of information to registrants of the upcoming foray and secondarily as a communications tool with members. Issues of OMPHALINA are archived in: is an amateur, volunteer-run, community, Library and Archives Canada’s Electronic Collection <http://epe. not-for-profi t organization with a mission to lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/omphalina/index.html>, and organize enjoyable and informative amateur Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Queen Elizabeth II Library mushroom forays in Newfoundland and (printed copy also archived) <collections.mun.ca/cdm/search/ collection/omphalina/>. Labrador and disseminate the knowledge gained. The content is neither discussed nor approved by the Board of Directors. Therefore, opinions expressed do not represent the views of the Board, Webpage: www.nlmushrooms.ca the Corporation, the partners, the sponsors, or the members. Opinions are solely those of the authors and uncredited opinions solely those of the Editor. ADDRESS Foray Newfoundland & Labrador Please address comments, complaints, contributions to the self-appointed Editor, Andrus Voitk: 21 Pond Rd. Rocky Harbour NL seened AT gmail DOT com, A0K 4N0 CANADA … who eagerly invites contributions to OMPHALINA, dealing with any aspect even remotely related to mushrooms. E-mail: info AT nlmushrooms DOT ca Authors are guaranteed instant fame—fortune to follow. Authors retain copyright to all published material, and submission indicates permission to publish, subject to the usual editorial decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Fungi of Western North America
    Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phd. Thesis Sana Jabeen.Pdf
    ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HIMALAYAN CEDAR FROM PAKISTAN A dissertation submitted to the University of the Punjab in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BOTANY by SANA JABEEN DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE, PAKISTAN JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. Summary i Dedication iii Acknowledgements iv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 Literature review 5 Aims and objectives 11 CHAPTER 3 Materials and methods 12 3.1. Sampling site description 12 3.2. Sampling strategy 14 3.3. Sampling of sporocarps 14 3.4. Sampling and preservation of fruit bodies 14 3.5. Morphological studies of fruit bodies 14 3.6. Sampling of morphotypes 15 3.7. Soil sampling and analysis 15 3.8. Cleaning, morphotyping and storage of ectomycorrhizae 15 3.9. Morphological studies of ectomycorrhizae 16 3.10. Molecular studies 16 3.10.1. DNA extraction 16 3.10.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 17 3.10.3. Sequence assembly and data mining 18 3.10.4. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis 18 3.11. Climatic data collection 19 3.12. Statistical analysis 19 CHAPTER 4 Results 22 4.1. Characterization of above ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 22 4.2. Identification of ectomycorrhizal host 184 4.3. Characterization of non ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies 186 4.4. Characterization of saprobic fungi found from fruit bodies 188 4.5. Characterization of below ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 189 4.6. Characterization of below ground non ectomycorrhizal fungi 193 4.7. Identification of host taxa from ectomycorrhizal morphotypes 195 4.8.
    [Show full text]