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Chaise Lounge Rubber Webbing and Animal Skin/ Leather Rocking And Test Review #2 Chaise Lounge Design 20 Rubber webbing and animal skin/ leather Rocking and multiple positions CHAIRS Klismos Greek 5th & 4th century BCE EERO SAARINEN Curving, splayed sabre-shaped legs Tulip chair Hand carved One leg - pedestal chair Fabric or animal skin on the seat. Reinforced-plastic shell Load-bearing capabilities of early plastic required aluminum stem. Womb chair Covered fiberglass shell with: foam rubber padding and upholstery MICHAEL THONET RAY & CHARLES EAMES Bentwood chairs, light and curvilinear. Architect & Furniture design, Developed a system of steam Function of chair more important than appearance. bent veneers. Charles & Ray Eames (husband & wife) and Seats of cane or plywood. Eero Saarinen developed (1940’s): Mass production, low prices New laminates & wood bending techniques, Cafe chair 1st produced 1859 & Fiberglass and plastics for furniture. still in production. Produced for Navy during the WWII: Wood leg splints, stretchers, & aircraft parts MARCEL BREUER, architect Bauhaus Eames Wood Dining Room Chair Among first to use tubular steel Laminated Wood Some with metal legs Wassily Chair Some animal hide upholstery For painter Wassily Kandinsky’s home mechanical details visible Tubular-steel & leather Lounge Chair and Ottoman Cesca Chair Eames’ first design for luxury market Most archetypal ex. of steel furniture Leather and wood Woven cane seat, cantilever Not mass-produced, hand labor & craftsmanship “Cesca” after daughter Francesca. EAMES AND SAARINEN MIES VAN DER ROHE Plastic armchair Cantilever Chair Fiberglass shell With and without arms Material developed for aircraft radar domes Tubular steel and leather First fiberglass chair ARNE JACOBSEN, Danish architect Barcelona Chair (Mies) Ant Chair Jacobsen’s most First displayed International successful design Exposition 1929 Still in production Chrome frame 1 piece molded plywood seat & back Leather upholstery & straps Cantilevered over x frame Egg Chair Brno Chair Shell + molded polyurethane foam For Tugendhat House in Brno, Czech Upholstered with fabric or leather Cantilever Can swivel & adjustable steel and leather Tension depending on the user’s weight. Star base is made of aluminum. LE CORBUSIER Grand Comfort Armchair Swan Chair Furniture = machine for sitting Similar to egg chair, with wings. Chrome plated tubular steel frame. GERRIT RIETVELD Leather cover Red and Blue Chair 1918 Regarded as first modernist chair. Lacquered wood RIETVELD (CONT.) (STARCK CONT.) Zig-Zag Eros Wood, cantilever Martini glass shape. Response to Bauhaus steel chairs Plastic and chromed-steel base Dr. Glob Chair ALVAR AAltO Finnish Architect Front legs and seat polypropylene (red), Cantilever Rear legs; steel tubing Removed layers of veneer at areas of greatest curve Laminated birch, bent and rolled to provide support INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 60’S ChAIRS: Design for large-scale industry & mass distribution. Pop culture in / functionalism out Significant style trends Industrial design Explore the new materials and processes . 1. MAYA Design Most advanced, yet acceptable VERNER PANTON 2. Packaging Embellishment First single-piece plastic chair Protective case for a product Borrowed shape of Rietveld’s Zig-Zag 3. Streamlining -- bullet shapes & sleek lines Minimizes resistance through a fluid or air. ItAlIAN ChAIRS: 4. Accelerated obsolescence Sacco Esthetic design changes that tempt owners Leather or vinyl bag Filled with polystyrene beads to replace goods more frequently Marilyn (After Marilyn Monroe) Lips design AMERICAN DESIGN examples: Reinterpretation of Dali’s Mae West Sofa Zeroll Ice Cream Scoop Lightweight foam construction Defrosting fluid uses body heat Joe (After Joe DiMaggio) Zippo Lighter lifetime guarantee Inspired by Claes Oldenburg Lear Jet First mass manufactured business jet Natural glove leather, expensive Slinky -- Originally to stabilize ship instruments Molded polyurethane foam Tupper Ware Original seals for WWII gas masks Blow (inflated) Tea Kettle Michael Graves pop material Segway Human Transporter-self-balancing scooter cheap and expendable Intel microprocessor. IBM used in its first PC 70’S CHAIRS Macintosh Classic Apple computer Growing concern over environment: Oil crisis of 1973 , earth’s dwindling resources. RAYMOND LOEWY One of most successful American designers FRANK GEHRY largest design firm in 1930’s Easy Edges Air Force One for President Kennedy Laminated corrugated cardboard S-1 Locomotive, Silversides Greyhound bus Immediate success, withdrawn by Gehry Studebaker automobile, Sncase helicopter (Didn’t want to distract from reputation as Sears Coldspot refrigerator architect.) lucky Strike pack, Shell & Exxon logos Little Beaver Edges left as if an animal had been chewing WAlter DOrwIN TEAGUE Laminated corrugated cardboard Kodak cameras and Polaroid Cameras Cash Register Hat Trick or Apple Basket series texaco Stations Inspired by wicker furniture & bushel baskets Blue Sled glass radio Collection named after ice hockey terms Boeing 707 interior Laminated hard white maple PHILIPPE STARCK PHILIPPE STARCK, French Architect furniture & industrial designer Defends plastics as only ecologically sound solution Designed interiors for French President Mitterand Hot Berta tea kettle. Water in thru handle Costes Chair Juicy Salif lemon juicer cast aluminum Plywood on black lacquered steel base Dr. Kiss toothbrush, Dr. Skud fly-swatter Leather and ebony trim page 2 ARCHITECTS (JOHNSON CONT. ) EERO SAARINEN, Finnish San Francisco Financial District: International Style (Modern) & Expressionism 101 California sawtooth setbacks General Motors Technical Center Mich. glass cylinder, open atrium reflected modern technology 40 foot piers cut through atrium stainless steel 580 California faceless sculptures CBS Headquarters - only skyscraper (NY) glass mansard roof Dulles Airport, Virginia For Federal Government. MICHAEL GRAVES Steel & concrete suspension structure. Portland Building Post-Modern Icon TWA Kennedy Airport Energy efficient, low budget Free-flowing curves, concrete Small square windows Bird-like symbolism Deep colors—browns, blues, and rusty red Fully-designed environment Team Disney, Burbank Post-modern Gateway Arch St. Louis, Missouri Disney Corporate Offices & studio lot. stainless steel Columns: 7 dwarfs graceful sweeping tapered curve Mural in dinning room by Graves PHILIP JOHNSON Hyatt Regency Japan Modern & Post Modern architect. Copper clad columns, red sand stone base Director Architecture Department, MOMA (New York) Pyramid on dome, which illuminates lobby Intro. European modern architecture to America Coined term: International Style: Clos Pegase Winery, Napa Valley, post modern Seagram’s Building. FRANK GEHRY, Canadian Collaborated with mentor, Mies on Deconstructed architectural style Exploded aesthetic. “Glass House,” Connecticut Adapted aerospace software to architecture. Johnson’s own home Rectilinear structure Gehry House Santa Monica Use of large glass panels as walls. Deconstruction Central brick cylinder containing a bathroom Re-working conventional, bungalow Low walnut cabinets for kitchen equipment. “Cheap tech” off-the-shelf and ordinary Old house wrapped with metal slipcover Crystal Cathedral. Garden Grove LA Slanted lines and angled protrusions. Structure: 4-pointed star A gigantic chimney for cooling. Norton House Venice, California Bigger than Notre Dame Cathedral Post-Modern Steel frame tent with glass panels Lifeguard shack, log tori Maximize views & privacy on a tiny site Post Modern Architecture & Johnson Late 20th-century architecture Chiat/Day Office Venice, California. Includes historical references White building nautical look Classical elements reintroduced Copper clad columns: forest More playful than classical or classical revival Binoculars (Claus Oldenburg) entry to the building American Telephone and Telegraph N.Y. skylights in eye piece Top resembles Chippendale cabinet conference rooms Postmodern architectural landmark Netherlands Group, Czech Republic Pittsburgh Plate Glass -- Gothic post modern “The “Wave” or Fred and Ginger Steel, glass, precast concrete page 3 (GEHRY CONT.) SHAKERS Guggenheim, Bilbao, Spain American religious colony late 1700’s Limestone, titanium Act of prayer -- to make a thing well Ideals: communal living, pacifism, Guggenheim, New York (planned) equality of genders and celibacy To be located on 4 piers in Lower Manhattan Glass and titanium SHAKERS- MODERN DESIGN No historic reference Walt Disney Concert Hall, LA No ornamentation Exterior titanium. Interiors douglas fir. Modern material & techniques Appearance follows function. ARATA ISOZAKI, Japanese MOCA Museum of Contemporary Art, L.A. Shaker Chair Post-Modern Sturdy light weight Natural light pyramids skylights Could be hung on walls Red sandstone, granite, glass, copper sheathing Finials for handling and hanging hats etc. Galleries are below ground level. Free of European influences Stretchers not aligned Team Disney Building, Florida Post-Modern Creative offices Japanese rock garden. Sun dial in central cylinder. Entry suggests gigantic Mickey Mouse ears. RICHARD MEIER, Modern architect White enameled panels and glass. Influenced by Corbu Douglas House Michigan Lake side slope White structure contrasts with environment Interior floor extends through glass wall to deck Nautical look High Museum of Art, Georgia Steel columns & concrete White porcelain-enameled steel Getty Center Los Angeles, 1997. Art Museum funded by: Getty, (American oil billionaire) Material: travertine (type of limestone) LUIS BARRAGAN, Mexican transformed International Style into vibrant Mexican aesthetic with vivid colors and textural contrasts Light and water favorite themes. Satellite towers, Mexico City. Brightly colored towers in traffic interchange Promotion for residential community Chapel for the Capuchinas Designed, built and donated by Barragan. Los Clubes Residential subdivision for equestrians page 4.
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