Greater Manchester Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) 2019
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Greater Manchester 2019 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management June 2020 LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 Greater Manchester Lynda Stefek Stuart Blackadder Senior Manager – Air Quality and Reporting and Governance Officer Environment Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM) Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM) 2 Piccadilly Place 2 Piccadilly Place Manchester Manchester M1 3BG M1 3BG 0161 244 1710 Tel: 0161 244 1938 [email protected] [email protected] Katherine King Chris Horth Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council Bury Metropolitan Borough Council Ellesmere House, Mayor Street 3 Knowsley Place, Duke Street, Bolton, BL3 3DT Bury, BL9 0EJ Tel: 01204 336526 Tel: 0161 253 5000 [email protected] [email protected] Rebecca Twigg -Purcell Paul Bailey Manchester City Council Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council 1 Hammerstone Road Chadderton Town Hall Gorton Middleton Road, Chadderton Manchester M18 8EQ Oldham, OL9 6PD Tel: 0161 234 5004 Tel: 0161 770 2244 [email protected] [email protected] Laura Elliott Ben Rose Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council Salford City Council Number One Riverside, Smith Street, Civic Centre, Chorley Road, Rochdale, OL16 1XU Swinton Tel: 01706 924136 Salford, M27 5FJ [email protected] Tel: 0161 697 6964 [email protected] Stephe n Brown Gary Mongan Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council Stopford House Tame Street Depot Piccadilly Tame Street Stockport Stalybridge SK1 3XE SK15 1ST Tel: 0161 474 4284 Tel: 0161 342 3941 [email protected] [email protected] Richard Pollitt Steve Tesson -Fell Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council Trafford Town Hall, Talbot Road, Stretford Business Compliance & Improvement Manchester, M32 0YJ PO Box 100 Tel: 0161 912 4026 Wigan, WN1 3DS [email protected] [email protected] Report Reference number GMASR2019 Date June 2020 LAQM Annual Status Report 2019 Greater Manchester Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Greater Manchester has a significant effect on public health, and poor air quality is the largest environmental risk to public health in the UK. Costs to society are estimated at more than 20 billion pounds every year. Epidemiological studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollution (over several years) reduces life expectancy, mainly due to cardiovascular and respiratory causes and from lung cancer. 1 The annual mortality burden of human-made air pollution in Greater Manchester is roughly equivalent to 4.6% of deaths which equates to approximately 1,107 deaths attributable to particulate air pollution.2 Short-term exposure (over hours or days) to elevated levels of air pollution can also cause a range of effects including exacerbation of asthma, effects on lung function, increases in respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions and mortality.3 The Greater Manchester Air Quality Working Group, led by Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM), represents the ten authorities that constitute the Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA). These authorities are Bolton, Bury, Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, and Wigan. These are also the main members of the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities (AGMA). The Combined Authority shares the same statutory duties for Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) Sections 82 to 84 of the Environment Act 1995 as the Greater Manchester local authorities. Greater Manchester has a population of over 2.7 million residents over an area of approximately 500 square miles. Within the conurbation there is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations, and the area is characterised by the strong regional centre of Manchester, The Quays and Trafford Park. Long term trends show that there has been an improvement in air quality, but areas still remain above the annual mean air quality objective for Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2). DEFRA have responded positively to GM’s suggestion that the update of the Air Quality Action Plan should be postponed until the impact of the proposed GM-wide Clean Air Zone to address Roadside NO 2 has been understood. The GM Clean Air Plan is 1 Public Health England (2018) 2 Public Health Outcome Framework (PHOF) (2018) 3 Public Health England (2018) LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 i Greater Manchester designed to bring about compliance with the legal limit for NO 2 in the shortest possible time. As a result of this decision further modelling regarding an AQMA will also be suspended. Local exceedances outside the current AQMA are being assessed and where appropriate local mitigation measures introduced. Three automatic sites out of the 17 in Greater Manchester either exceeded or 3 measured the NO 2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m in 2019. These three sites were Salford M60, Manchester Oxford Road, and Tameside Mottram Moor. These three sites alone also exceeded the NO 2 annual mean objective in 2018. Bury Prestwich and Stockport Cheadle A34, which both exceeded legal limits in 2017, continued to monitor concentrations below the annual mean objective in 2019, of 39 µg/m 3 and 36 µg/m 3 respectively. 3 The NO 2 1-hour mean objective of 200µg/m exceeded more than 18 times a year has not been breached at any of the 17 continuous monitoring sites across Greater Manchester. However it is noted that at the Bury Prestwich site the hourly mean has been exceeded on two occasions in 2019, the cause of which is uncertain and will be monitored over the next 12 months. The number of exceedances of the NO 2 1-hour mean (200µg/m 3) at the Manchester Oxford Road site reduced to 1 in 2019, from 2 in 2018 and a peak of 90 in 2016. An investigation concluded that this 2016 elevated number of exceedances were the result of an increase in buses being stationary on Oxford Road adjacent to the monitoring station because of significant roadworks and road closures causing diversions. During early 2017, TfGM implemented a £122m Bus Priority Package, which enables cross-city bus services to run directly through Manchester city centre. Oxford Road has had significant road layout alterations, and general traffic is now prohibited from travelling through new ‘bus gates’ that restrict access between 6am and 9pm, 7 days a-week. As a result of the road layout changes, traffic flow has improved past the monitoring site. Measurements from Greater Manchester’s diffusion tube network confirms there are locations that continue to be above the annual mean NO 2 air quality objective. Real time monitoring data for PM 10 (particulate matter - less than 10 microns) shows that annual average objectives (40 µg/m 3) are not exceeded. 3 sites have displayed small increases in annual mean concentrations, and no sites had more than 35 occurrences of the daily mean particulate objective, and therefore this objective is met. LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 ii Greater Manchester PM 2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 microns) is measured at 5 automatic monitoring sites across Greater Manchester. The data shows that there have been no exceedances of the UK Air Quality Strategy annual mean objective of 25 µg/m 3, and concentrations have been gradually reducing. The highest annual mean PM 2.5 concentration measured in Greater Manchester in 2018 was 12 µg/m 3 at the Manchester Piccadilly monitoring site. Sulphur dioxide monitoring was carried out at 2 sites, with no exceedances of the air quality objectives. Air quality monitoring and reporting of carbon monoxide and benzene has been discontinued at many sites, as previous assessments indicated no exceedances – however, benzene is still monitored at Manchester Piccadilly by Defra. The Greater Manchester Low Emission Strategy (LES) and Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) were published on the 16 th December 2016 after going out to public consultation and being signed off by the Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA). The LES & AQAP propose a range of measures to improve air quality and reduce ill-health across Greater Manchester, focusing on ‘key priority areas’ in urban centres and near major roads which currently fail to meet national air quality objectives and EU air quality limit values. The LES & AQAP are being led by TfGM on behalf of the GMCA and the 10 Greater Manchester local authorities and includes close working with Highways England, Public Health England, The Environment Agency, Greater Manchester Police, and charitable organisations to ensure the best outcome can be achieved. In July 2019 Greater Manchester’s 5 Year Environment Plan (5YEP) was published. The plan aims for Greater Manchester to be carbon neutral by 2038. This is a science- based target, that is aligned to international carbon reduction commitments needed if GM make its fair contribution to the Paris Agreement. In relation to transport the 5YEP identifies the need for phasing out the internal combustion engine vehicle in favour of Electric Vehicles. This in turn will have co-benefits in relation to air quality. Actions to Improve Air Quality The AQAP has been produced following a programme of consultation and workshops with key stakeholders, including the Greater Manchester local authorities, Public Health England, TfGM and Highways England, to obtain feedback on the new measures proposed. LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iii Greater Manchester Policies and actions were subsequently identified and divided into the following broad subjects, based on the area and type of effects that may be achieved: • Development management and planning regulation: including standardisation of regulation and policy across the Greater Manchester region. • Freight and HGVs: there are several opportunities to reduce emissions associated with the movement of freight and goods by road. • Buses: Buses have a vital role to play in transporting the public and give opportunities to improve air quality.