DOCSLIB.ORG

517.Full-Text.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
517.Full-Text.Pdf Vol. 9, 517–521, May 2000 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 517 Short Communication Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and the Subsequent Risk of Developing Colon Cancer1 Anthony J. Alberg,2 Gary B. Gordon, Introduction Sandra C. Hoffman, George W. Comstock, and Colon cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the Kathy J. Helzlsouer United States and the second highest cause of cancer mortality Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and (1). The American Cancer Society estimates that during 1999, Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 [A. J. A., S. C. H., G. W. C., almost 95,000 persons will be diagnosed with colon cancer and K. J. H.], and The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland that almost 48,000 people will die of the disease (1). One factor 21205 [A. J. A., G. B. G., K. J. H.] that can alter the risk of colon cancer is the hormonal milieu. For example, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of colon cancer among women (2). DHEA3 and Abstract its sulfate conjugate, DHEAS, are steroids produced primarily This purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum by the adrenal gland. In humans, they circulate at high concen- dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate trations, but their specific physiological functions remain un- conjugate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), are known, other than serving as precursors in the extra-adrenal associated with the likelihood of developing colon cancer. synthesis of androgens and estrogens (3). They have properties, A nested case-control study was conducted using the such as antioxidant capacity, inhibition of weight gain, and serum bank and cancer registry in Washington County, inhibition of cellular proliferation, that could enable them to Maryland. From a population of 20,305 county residents protect against cancer (4, 5). Specifically, DHEA has been who donated blood in 1974, incident cases of colon cancer proposed as a potential protective agent against colorectal can- were matched cer (5). The results of animal studies provide some support for (117 ؍ that occurred from 1975 to 1991 (n to one cancer-free control by age, race, and sex. Serum this hypothesis. The administration of DHEA to laboratory specimens that were stored at ؊70°C since 1974 were animals has been reported to inhibit tumor development in a assayed for DHEA and DHEAS. Compared with the number of anatomical sites (4). DHEA or DHEA analogues controls, the mean serum concentrations of cases were have been shown to reduce cancer incidence in various animal and 13% lower for models of colon cancer, including the dimethylhydrazine model (0.90 ؍ lower for DHEA (P 3% When DHEA levels were analyzed (6) and the rat azoxymethane model (7), but not all studies have .(0.60 ؍ DHEAS (P according to fourths, no noteworthy associations were demonstrated benefit (8). Because there is a lack of information observed. Compared with the lowest fourth, the highest concerning DHEA, DHEAS, and colon cancer among humans, fourth of serum DHEAS was nonsignificantly associated we conducted a nested case-control study to investigate whether with a halving in the risk of colon cancer (odds ratio, physiological concentrations of serum DHEA and DHEAS ؍ 0.50; 95% confidence limits, 0.18, 1.37; Ptrend 0.22), were associated with the risk of developing colon cancer. and further analyses showed the potential protective association was confined largely to males (highest-versus- Materials and Methods lowest fourth odds ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence limits, Study Design. This study was carried out using the serum ؍ 0.06, 1.16; Ptrend 0.06). This prospective study does not provide strong evidence that circulating DHEA and bank and cancer registry in Washington County, MD. The DHEAS concentrations are associated with the risk of serum bank was established in 1974, when 20,305 community volunteers donated blood samples for use in research studies. colon cancer. Among men, DHEAS was associated with a Ϫ decreased risk of colon cancer, but the association was After preparation of serum, the samples were stored at 70°C. within the bounds of chance. Further studies are needed Additional information was obtained from the study partici- to either support or refute the potentially promising lead pants during a brief interview, when demographic and health- hinted at by the results for DHEAS. related information (e.g., cigarette smoking history) were col- lected. Among the cohort of blood donors, cases of colon cancer that occurred from January 1, 1975 through September 30, 1991 were ascertained by linkage to the Washington County cancer Received 11/10/98; revised 1/10/00; accepted 1/24/00. registry. This registry has been maintained by the staff of the The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of Training Center for Public Health Research since 1968. Cancer page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. cases are primarily ascertained from two sources: (a) discharge 1 Supported by research Grants CA 62988 from the National Cancer Institute and records from the Washington County Hospital; and (b) death DAMD17-94-J-4265 from the Department of Defense. A. J. A. is a recipient of certificates. A high proportion of cancer patients in the county Preventive Oncology Academic Award CA73790 from the National Cancer Institute. G. W. C. is a recipient of Research Career Award HL21620 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Epide- miology, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North 3 The abbreviations used are: DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehy- Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. droepiandrosterone sulfate; OR, odds ratio; CL, confidence limit. Downloaded from cebp.aacrjournals.org on October 2, 2021. © 2000 American Association for Cancer Research. 518 Short Communication: Serum DHEA and DHEAS and the Risk of Colon Cancer receive their care at Washington County Hospital because it is Table 1 Percentage distribution of selected characteristics among colon the only general hospital in the county and has an excellent cancer cases and matched controls at study baseline, Washington County, Oncology Service. As a branch of the Washington County Maryland, 1974 Health Department, the Training Center for Public Health Re- Cases (n ϭ 117) Controls (n ϭ 117) search has access to death certificates. Linkage between the Washington County Cancer Registry and the Maryland State Sex Cancer Registry showed that for 1993, the county registry Male 41.9 41.9 Female 58.1 58.1 ascertained 4% more cases of colon cancer than the state Age (yr) registry. The number of colon cancer cases expected on the Յ44 8.5 8.5 basis of race/sex/age-specific rates from the Surveillance, Ep- 45–54 30.8 30.8 idemiology, and End Results registries is similar to the number 55–64 35.0 35.0 of observed cases in the cohort that donated blood for the serum 65ϩ 25.6 25.6 bank, suggesting that reporting is essentially complete for this Cigarette smoking population. Never 44.4 53.0 Cases of rectal cancer were not included in the study. Of Past 35.9 33.3 Current 19.7 13.7 121 incident cases of colon cancer that were diagnosed during Period diagnosed with cancer this period and had no prior history of cancer (other than 1975–1978 21.4 NAa nonmelanoma skin cancer or cervical carcinoma in situ) that 1979–1982 18.8 were used for a study of serum micronutrients (9), sufficient 1983–1986 33.3 serum for the DHEA and DHEAS assays was available for 117 1987–1991 26.5 cases. One cancer-free control was matched to each case by Age diagnosed with cancer age, sex, and race (all were white). The controls were age- 35–44 3.4 NA matched to within 1 year of the case, except for three matched 45–54 9.4 55–64 28.2 sets where the control was within 2 years of the case and one 65–74 26.5 matched set where the control was 4 years older than the case. 75ϩ 32.5 Measurement of Serum DHEA and DHEAS. Aliquots of the Cancer site stored serum specimens were prepared and were then immedi- Cecum and ascending 36.8 NA ately refrozen at Ϫ70°C until the assays were performed. Transverse colon 11.1 DHEA and DHEAS were assayed using commercial RIA kits Descending colon 10.3 (Wien Laboratories, Succasunna, NJ) according to the manu- Sigmoid colon 36.8 Other, multiple sites 5.1 facturer’s instructions, except that hexane:methylene chloride (1:1) was used to extract the DHEA. These kits were selected a NA, applies only to the case group. based on a favorable comparison to reference methods used to measure DHEA and DHEAS (10). Matched case-control sets were assayed together in the same RIA run. The laboratory for men and women because colon cancer mortality is higher in personnel were masked to the case-control status of the serum men than women and because men have higher circulating specimens. DHEAS has been observed to be stable at Ϫ20° for concentrations of DHEAS. The etiology of colon cancer may a storage period of similar duration (11). differ by anatomical site (13). Using a convention common to Statistical Analysis. All data analyses accounted for the many epidemiological studies, colon cancer sites were grouped matched study design. The distributions of DHEA and DHEAS as right-sided (cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon, were skewed toward high values. Hence, the data were trans- which included the hepatic and splenic flexures) and left-sided formed by the natural logarithm for computing paired t tests to (descending colon and sigmoid; Ref.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Estrone Sulfate
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 109 (2008) 158–167 Estrone sulfate (E1S), a prognosis marker for tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer (PCa)ଝ Frank Giton a,∗, Alexandre de la Taille b, Yves Allory b, Herve´ Galons c, Francis Vacherot b, Pascale Soyeux b, Claude Clement´ Abbou b, Sylvain Loric b, Olivier Cussenot b, Jean-Pierre Raynaud d, Jean Fiet b a AP-HP CIB INSERM IMRB U841eq07, Henri Mondor, Facult´edeM´edecine, 94010 Cr´eteil, France b INSERM IMRB U841 eq07, CHU Henri Mondor, Facult´edeM´edecine, 94010 Cr´eteil, France c Service de Chimie organique, Facult´e de Pharmacie Paris V, 75006 Paris, France d Universit´e Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France Received 26 December 2006; accepted 26 October 2007 Abstract Seeking insight into the possible role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) evolution, we assayed serum E2, estrone (E1), and estrone sulfate (E1S) in 349 PCa and 100 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and in 208 control subjects in the same age range (50–74 years). E1 (pmol/L ± S.D.) and E1S (nmol/L ± S.D.) in the PCa and BPH patients (respectively 126.1 ± 66.1 and 2.82 ± 1.78, and 127.8 ± 56.4 and 2.78 ± 2.12) were significantly higher than in the controls (113.8 ± 47.6 and 2.11 ± 0.96). E2 was not significantly different among the PCa, BPH, and control groups. These assays were also carried out in PCa patients after partition by prognosis (PSA, Gleason score (GS), histological stage, and surgical margins (SM)).
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Testosterone Supplementation on Systemic Lipolysis
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Testosterone Supplementation on Systemic Lipolysis Ana E. Espinosa De Ycaza, Robert A. Rizza, K. Sreekumaran Nair, and Michael D. Jensen Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/101/4/1719/2804555 by guest on 24 September 2021 Context: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and T hormones are advertised as antiaging, antiobe- sity products. However, the evidence that these hormones have beneficial effects on adipose tissue metabolism is limited. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of DHEA and T supplementation on systemic lipolysis during a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) and an iv glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Design: This was a 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: The study was conducted at a general clinical research center. Participants: Sixty elderly women with low DHEA concentrations and 92 elderly men with low DHEA and bioavailable T concentrations participated in the study. Interventions: Elderly women received 50 mg DHEA (n ϭ 30) or placebo (n ϭ 30). Elderly men received 75 mg DHEA (n ϭ 30),5mgT(nϭ 30), or placebo (n ϭ 32). Main Outcome Measures: In vivo measures of systemic lipolysis (palmitate rate of appearance) during a MMTT or IVGTT. Results: At baseline there was no difference in insulin suppression of lipolysis measured during MMTT and IVGTT between the treatment groups and placebo. For both sexes, a univariate analysis showed no difference in changes in systemic lipolysis during the MMTT or IVGTT in the DHEA group and T group when compared with placebo.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive DHEA-S
    Reproductive DHEA-S Analyte Information - 1 - DHEA-S Introduction DHEA-S, DHEA sulfate or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, it is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) resulting from the addition of a sulfate group. It is the sulfate form of aromatic C19 steroid with 10,13-dimethyl, 3-hydroxy group and 17-ketone. Its chemical name is 3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one sulfate, its summary formula is C19H28O5S and its molecular weight (Mr) is 368.5 Da. The structural formula of DHEA-S is shown in (Fig.1). Fig.1: Structural formula of DHEA-S Other names used for DHEA-S include: Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, (3beta)-3- (sulfooxy), androst-5-en-17-one, 3beta-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one hydrogen sulfate, Prasterone sulfate and so on. As DHEA-S is very closely connected with DHEA, both hormones are mentioned together in the following text. Biosynthesis DHEA-S is the major C19 steroid and is a precursor in testosterone and estrogen biosynthesis. DHEA-S originates almost exclusively in the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex (Fig.2). Some may be produced by the testes, none is produced by the ovaries. The adrenal gland is the sole source of this steroid in women, whereas in men the testes secrete 5% of DHEA-S and 10 – 20% of DHEA. The production of DHEA-S and DHEA is regulated by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and, to a lesser extent, arginine vasopressin (AVP) stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland (Fig.3). In turn, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete DHEA and DHEA-S, in addition to cortisol.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet
    SAFETY DATA SHEET SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME DHEA (Prasterone) (Micronized) PRODUCT CODE 0733 SUPPLIER MEDISCA Inc. Tel.: 1.800.932.1039 | Fax.: 1.855.850.5855 661 Route 3, Unit C, Plattsburgh, NY, 12901 3955 W. Mesa Vista Ave., Unit A-10, Las Vegas, NV, 89118 6641 N. Belt Line Road, Suite 130, Irving, TX, 75063 MEDISCA Pharmaceutique Inc. Tel.: 1.800.665.6334 | Fax.: 514.338.1693 4509 Rue Dobrin, St. Laurent, QC, H4R 2L8 21300 Gordon Way, Unit 153/158, Richmond, BC V6W 1M2 MEDISCA Australia PTY LTD Tel.: 1.300.786.392 | Fax.: 61.2.9700.9047 Unit 7, Heritage Business Park 5-9 Ricketty Street, Mascot, NSW 2020 EMERGENCY PHONE CHEMTREC Day or Night Within USA and Canada: 1-800-424-9300 NSW Poisons Information Centre: 131 126 USES Adjuvant; Androgen SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS CLASSIFICATION Toxic to Reproduction (Category 2) PICTOGRAM SIGNAL WORD Warning HAZARD STATEMENT(S) Reproductive effector, prohormone. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. May cause harm to breast-fed children. Causes serious eye irritation. Causes skin and respiratory irritation. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. AUSTRALIA-ONLY HAZARDS Not Applicable. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT(S) Prevention Wash thoroughly after handling. Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Do not breathe dusts or mists. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing. Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection, face protection. Avoid release to the environment. Response IF ON SKIN (HAIR): Wash with plenty of water.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Characterization of Phenolics from Ethanolic Extracts of Phyllanthus Species by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS
    Author’s Accepted Manuscript Identification and characterization of phenolics from ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Sunil Kumar, Awantika Singh, Brijesh Kumar www.elsevier.com/locate/jpa PII: S2095-1779(17)30016-3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2017.01.005 Reference: JPHA347 To appear in: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Received date: 25 June 2016 Revised date: 13 January 2017 Accepted date: 17 January 2017 Cite this article as: Sunil Kumar, Awantika Singh and Brijesh Kumar, Identification and characterization of phenolics from ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2017.01.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Identification and characterization of phenolics from ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Sunil Kumara, Awantika Singha,b, Brijesh Kumara,b* aSophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow- 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India bAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi-110025, India [email protected] [email protected] *Corresponding author at: Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Three Natural Antioxidants on a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: a Comparative Study
    antioxidants Article Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Three Natural Antioxidants on a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease: A Comparative Study Lyubka P. Tancheva 1,*, Maria I. Lazarova 2 , Albena V. Alexandrova 3, Stela T. Dragomanova 1,4, Ferdinando Nicoletti 5 , Elina R. Tzvetanova 3, Yordan K. Hodzhev 6, Reni E. Kalfin 2, Simona A. Miteva 1, Emanuela Mazzon 7 , Nikolay T. Tzvetkov 8 and Atanas G. Atanasov 2,9,10,11,* 1 Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; [email protected] (S.T.D.); [email protected] (S.A.M.) 2 Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; [email protected] (M.I.L.); reni_kalfi[email protected] (R.E.K.) 3 Department Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; [email protected] (A.V.A.); [email protected] (E.R.T.) 4 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna 9002, Bulgaria 5 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] 6 Department of Sensory Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; [email protected] 7 IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; [email protected] 8 Department of Biochemical
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Hormonal Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats by Dietary Berries and Ellagic Acid
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2007 PREVENTION OF HORMONAL MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS BY DIETARY BERRIES AND ELLAGIC ACID Harini Sankaran Aiyer University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Aiyer, Harini Sankaran, "PREVENTION OF HORMONAL MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS BY DIETARY BERRIES AND ELLAGIC ACID" (2007). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 508. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/508 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Harini Sankaran Aiyer The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2007 PREVENTION OF HORMONAL MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS BY DIETARY BERRIES AND ELLAGIC ACID ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nutritional Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Harini Sankaran Aiyer Louisville, Kentucky Director: Dr. Ramesh C.Gupta, Professor of Preventive Medicine Lexington, Kentucky 2007 Copyright © Harini Sankaran Aiyer, 2007 . ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION PREVENTION OF HORMONAL MAMMARY-CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS BY DIETARY BERRIES AND ELLAGIC ACID. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women around the world. The hormone 17ß-estradiol (E2) is strongly implicated as a causative agent in this cancer. Since estrogen acts as a complete carcinogen, agents that interfere with the carcinogenic actions of E2 are required.
    [Show full text]
  • Robust Extraction, Separation, and Quantitation of Structural Isomer Steroids from Human Plasma by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS
    TECHNICAL NOTE 21882 Robust extraction, separation, and quantitation of structural isomer steroids from human plasma by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS Authors Application benefits Jon Bardsley1, Kean Woodmansey1, • Separation of structural isomers for accurate detection and Stacy Tremintin2 • Alternative selectivity to C18 phase with an increase in overall resolution of 1Thermo Fisher Scientific, Runcorn, structural isomers UK; 2Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, USA • Stable retention time from extracted plasma • Accurate and precise analytical method across 1000-fold concentration Keywords range Steroid hormone, Vanquish Horizon UHPLC, TSQ Quantiva, Accucore Goal Biphenyl column, LC-MS/MS, SPE Achieve separation of 12 steroid hormones including structural isomers. Comparison to more popular C18 phase is assessed, as well as extraction from human plasma using polymeric solid phase extraction. Introduction Accurate measurement of steroids in plasma is an important requirement in clinical research laboratories. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is now a standard platform in this area for detection due to speed and sensitivity, however this group of compounds contains many structural isomers that cannot be differentiated by MS/MS alone. This may lead to inaccurate analysis by over estimation of concentration levels. Separation prior to MS/MS detection must be achieved, typically by liquid chromatography (LC). An analytical method utilizing LC-MS/MS combined with solid phase extraction of plasma samples is used to remove many matrix interferences,
    [Show full text]
  • "Ellagic Acid, an Anticarcinogen in Fruits, Especially in Strawberries: a Review"
    FEATURE Ellagic Acid, an Anticarcinogen in Fruits, Especially in Strawberries: A Review John L. Maasl and Gene J. Galletta2 Fruit Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 Gary D. Stoner3 Department of Pathology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699 The various roles of ellagic acid as an an- digestibility of natural forms of ellagic acid, Mode of inhibition ticarcinogenic plant phenol, including its in- and the distribution and organ accumulation The inhibition of cancer by ellagic acid hibitory effects on chemically induced cancer, or excretion in animal systems is in progress appears to occur through the following its effect on the body, occurrence in plants at several institutions. Recent interest in el- mechanisms: and biosynthesis, allelopathic properties, ac- lagic acid in plant systems has been largely a. Inhibition of the metabolic activation tivity in regulation of plant hormones, for- for fruit-juice processing and wine industry of carcinogens. For example, ellagic acid in- mation of metal complexes, function as an applications. However, new studies also hibits the conversion of polycyclic aromatic antioxidant, insect growth and feeding in- suggest that ellagic acid participates in plant hydrocarbons [e.g., benzo (a) pyrene, 7,12- hibitor, and inheritance are reviewed and hormone regulatory systems, allelopathic and dimethylbenz (a) anthracene, and 3-methyl- discussed in relation to current and future autopathic effects, insect deterrent princi- cholanthrene], nitroso compounds (e.g., N- research. ples, and insect growth inhibition, all of which nitrosobenzylmethylamine and N -methyl- N- Ellagic acid (C14H6O8) is a naturally oc- indicate the urgent need for further research nitrosourea), and aflatoxin B1 into forms that curring phenolic constituent of many species to understand the roles of ellagic acid in the induce genetic damage (Dixit et al., 1985; from a diversity of flowering plant families.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate on Counterregulatory Responses During Repeated Hypoglycemia in Conscious Normal Rats Darleen A
    The Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate on Counterregulatory Responses During Repeated Hypoglycemia in Conscious Normal Rats Darleen A. Sandoval, Ling Ping, Ray Anthony Neill, Sachiko Morrey, and Stephen N. Davis ␮ ⅐ ؊1 ⅐ ؊1 We previously determined that both antecedent hy- mol/l kg min ; P < 0.05). In summary, day-1 poglycemia and elevated cortisol levels blunt neu- antecedent hypoglycemia blunted neuroendocrine and roendocrine and metabolic responses to subsequent metabolic responses to next-day hypoglycemia. How- hypoglycemia in conscious, unrestrained rats. The adre- ever, simultaneous DHEA-S infusion during antecedent nal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) hypoglycemia preserved neuroendocrine and metabolic has been shown in several studies to oppose corticoste- counterregulatory responses during subsequent hypo- roid action. The purpose of this study was to determine glycemia in conscious rats. Diabetes 53:679–686, 2004 if DHEA-S could preserve counterregulatory responses during repeated hypoglycemia. We studied 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats during a series of 2-day protocols. he Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Day 1 consisted of two 2-h episodes of 1) hyperinsuline- mic (30 pmol ⅐ kg؊1 ⅐ min؊1) euglycemia (6.2 ؎ 0.2 established that intensive glucose control in type ANTE EUG), 2) hyperinsulinemic eug- 1 diabetic patients can slow the progression or ;12 ؍ mmol/l; n -plus simultaneous Tsignificantly reduce the onset of diabetic micro (8 ؍ lycemia (6.0 ؎ 0.1 mmol/l; n intravenous infusion of DHEA-S (30 mg/kg; ANTE EUG vascular complications (e.g., retinopathy, nephropathy, ؉ DHEA-S), 3) hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (2.8 ؎ neuropathy) (1). Unfortunately, the study also established ANTE HYPO), or 4) hyperinsulinemic that intensive glucose treatment causes an approximate ;12 ؍ mmol/l; n 0.1 -with simulta- threefold increase in the frequency of severe hypoglyce (8 ؍ hypoglycemia (2.8 ؎ 0.1 mmol/l; n neous intravenous infusion of DHEA-S (30 mg/kg; ANTE mia (2).
    [Show full text]
  • Alteration of the Steroidogenesis in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders
    Janšáková et al. Translational Psychiatry (2020) 10:340 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01017-8 Translational Psychiatry ARTICLE Open Access Alteration of the steroidogenesis in boys with autism spectrum disorders Katarína Janšáková 1, Martin Hill 2,DianaČelárová1,HanaCelušáková1,GabrielaRepiská1,MarieBičíková2, Ludmila Máčová2 and Daniela Ostatníková1 Abstract The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains unknown, but associations between prenatal hormonal changes and ASD risk were found. The consequences of these changes on the steroidogenesis during a postnatal development are not yet well known. The aim of this study was to analyze the steroid metabolic pathway in prepubertal ASD and neurotypical boys. Plasma samples were collected from 62 prepubertal ASD boys and 24 age and sex-matched controls (CTRL). Eighty-two biomarkers of steroidogenesis were detected using gas-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. We observed changes across the whole alternative backdoor pathway of androgens synthesis toward lower level in ASD group. Our data indicate suppressed production of pregnenolone sulfate at augmented activities of CYP17A1 and SULT2A1 and reduced HSD3B2 activity in ASD group which is partly consistent with the results reported in older children, in whom the adrenal zona reticularis significantly influences the steroid levels. Furthermore, we detected the suppressed activity of CYP7B1 enzyme readily metabolizing the precursors of sex hormones on one hand but increased anti-glucocorticoid effect of 7α-hydroxy-DHEA via competition with cortisone for HSD11B1 on the other. The multivariate model found significant correlations between behavioral indices and circulating steroids. From dependent variables, the best correlation was found for the social interaction (28.5%). Observed changes give a space for their utilization as biomarkers while reveal the etiopathogenesis of ASD.
    [Show full text]
  • DHEA Sulfate, and Aging: Contribution of the Dheage Study to a Sociobiomedical Issue
    Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: Contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue Etienne-Emile Baulieua,b, Guy Thomasc, Sylvie Legraind, Najiba Lahloue, Marc Rogere, Brigitte Debuiref, Veronique Faucounaug, Laurence Girardh, Marie-Pierre Hervyi, Florence Latourj, Marie-Ce´ line Leaudk, Amina Mokranel, He´ le` ne Pitti-Ferrandim, Christophe Trivallef, Olivier de Lacharrie` ren, Stephanie Nouveaun, Brigitte Rakoto-Arisono, Jean-Claude Souberbiellep, Jocelyne Raisonq, Yves Le Boucr, Agathe Raynaudr, Xavier Girerdq, and Franc¸oise Foretteg,j aInstitut National de la Sante´et de la Recherche Me´dicale Unit 488 and Colle`ge de France, 94276 Le Kremlin-Biceˆtre, France; cInstitut National de la Sante´et de la Recherche Me´dicale Unit 444, Hoˆpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; dHoˆpital Bichat, 75877 Paris, France; eHoˆpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, 75014 Paris, France; fHoˆpital Paul Brousse, 94804 Villejuif, France; gFondation Nationale de Ge´rontologie, 75016 Paris, France; hHoˆpital Charles Foix, 94205 Ivry, France; iHoˆpital de Biceˆtre, 94275 Biceˆtre, France; jHoˆpital Broca, 75013 Paris, France; kCentre Jack-Senet, 75015 Paris, France; lHoˆpital Sainte-Perine, 75016 Paris, France; mObservatoire de l’Age, 75017 Paris, France; nL’Ore´al, 92583 Clichy, France; oInstitut de Sexologie, 75116 Paris, France; pHoˆpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France; qHoˆpital Broussais, 75014 Paris, France; and rHoˆpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France Contributed by Etienne-Emile Baulieu, December 23, 1999 The secretion and the blood levels of the adrenal steroid dehydro- number of consumers. Extravagant publicity based on fantasy epiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester (DHEAS) decrease pro- (‘‘fountain of youth,’’ ‘‘miracle pill’’) or pseudoscientific asser- foundly with age, and the question is posed whether administration tion (‘‘mother hormone,’’ ‘‘antidote for aging’’) has led to of the steroid to compensate for the decline counteracts defects unfounded radical assertions, from superactivity (‘‘keep young,’’ associated with aging.
    [Show full text]