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Diversity and Syncretism: the Kichwas, Chachis, and Afros of the Cotacachi Cayapas

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Diversity and Syncretism: the Kichwas, Chachis, and Afros of the Cotacachi Cayapas Cotacachi Cayapas is Ecuador’s most bird-rich protected area. Because of their diversity and appeal, hummingbirds are the stars. In the image, a Rufous-tailed hummingbird. Contents This brochure offers a panoramic view of the biological and cultural diversity of Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve (CCER), as well as practical information for the visitor: a geographic and a tourist map, sites you do not want to miss, outstanding tourist activities, some useful recommendations for your trip, and a directory of services. 2 Map of Ecuador’s Natural Heritage Sites (PANE) 4 Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve A mantle of life spread over Andean ranges 10 Geographic map of the Reserve 12 Faces and traces Diversity and syncretism: the Kichwas, Chachis, and Afros of the Cotacachi Cayapas 16 Tourist map 18 Not to be missed 22 Things to do 26 Getting there 28 Directory 32 List of outstanding wildlife species b GALÁPAGOS 1 GALÁPAGOS NATIONAL PARK GALÁPAGOS MARINE RESERVE 2 16 PACIFIC COAST 2 18 3 GALERA SAN FRANCISCO MARINE RESERVE 17 Colombia Esmeraldas 4 MACHALILLA NATIONAL PARK 5 MANGLARES CHURUTE ECOLOGICAL RESERVE 1 26 6 MACHE CHINDUL ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Pto. Baquerizo 3 Moreno 20 Tulcán 7 25 SANTA CLARA ISLAND WILDLIFE REFUGE 8 8 MUISNE RIVER ESTUARY MANGROVES WILDLIFE REFUGE 6 9 EL SALADO MANGROVES FAUNA PRODUCTION RESERVE Ibarra 44 10 SANTA ELENA PENINSULA MARINE FAUNA WILDLIFE REFUGE 11 EL MORRO MANGROVES WILDLIFE REFUGE 27 Nueva Loja 0o 12 PACOCHE WILDLIFE REFUGE 13 PARQUE LAGO NATIONAL RECREATION AREA 39 40 14 ARENILLAS ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Quito 15 ISLAS CORAZÓN Y FRAGATAS WILDLIFE REFUGE 28 16 CAYAPAS MATAJE ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Sto. Domingo 41 N 45 17 ESMERALDAS RIVER ESTUARY MANGROVES WILDLIFE REFUGE Francisco 15 24 30 de Orellana 18 LA CHIQUITA WILDLIFE REFUGE WE 31 29 19 ISLA SANTAY AND ISLA DEL GALLO NATIONAL RECREATION AREA S 20 PAMBILAR WILDLIFE RESERVE 21 LOS SAMANES NATIONAL RECREATION AREA Latacunga Tena 12 Portoviejo 22 PLAYAS DE VILLAMIL NATIONAL RECREATION AREA 37 42 23 EL PELADO MARINE RESERVE COAST - ANDES Ambato 32 24 LOS ILINIZAS ECOLOGICAL RESERVE 4 Puyo 25 COTACACHI CAYAPAS ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Guaranda ANDES Riobamba 38 26 EL ÁNGEL ECOLOGICAL RESERVE 23 Babahoyo 21 27 PULULAHUA GEOBOTANICAL RESERVE 10 28 PASOCHOA WILDLIFE RESERVE 13 19 29 ANTISANA ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Santa Elena 9 Guayaquil 30 EL BOLICHE NATIONAL RECREATION AREA 31 11 COTOPAXI NATIONAL PARK 5 Macas Perú 32 CHIMBORAZO FAUNA PRODUCTION RESERVE 22 33 CAJAS NATIONAL PARK 34 YACURI NATIONAL PARK 33 Azogues 35 QUIMSACOCHA NATIONAL RECREATION AREA Pacific Ocean 35 ANDES - AMAZON 7 Cuenca 36 PODOCARPUS NATIONAL PARK Machala 37 LLANGANATES NATIONAL PARK 47 38 SANGAY NATIONAL PARK 14 46 39 CAYAMBE COCA NATIONAL PARK MAP of AMAZON 43 40 CUYABENO FAUNA PRODUCTION RESERVE NATURAL HERITAGE SITES 41 LIMONCOCHA BIOLOGICAL RESERVE Loja Zamora 42 YASUNÍ NATIONAL PARK Patrimonio de Áreas Naturales del Estado, PANE 36 43 EL ZARZA WILDLIFE REFUGE 44 COFÁN BERMEJO ECOLOGICAL RESERVE 45 SUMACO NAPO-GALERAS NATIONAL PARK 46 EL CÓNDOR BIOLOGICAL RESERVE 34 48 100 km 47 EL QUIMI BIOLOGICAL RESERVE 48 CERRO PLATEADO BIOLOGICAL RESERVE 3 The páramos surrounding volcano Cotacachi are favoured by trekkers. Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve A mantle of life spread over Andean ranges One of Ecuador’s few reserves including western forests toward the Coast and the mountainous areas of the Andes, this is among the areas with the greatest ecosystem diversity in the country. een on the map, the Cotacachi Capayas Ecological Reserve (CCER) Biodiversity and endemism in the CCER* is a large area in the coastal province S RECC % of Ecuador % of national of Esmeraldas with a narrow extension that The heart of the Reserve is a no. of species endemism no. of species total reaches the Andean range in the highland virtually impenetrable area, one of na- Flora 2,107 19.4 15,306 13.0 province of Imbabura. On the ground, CCER ture’s sanctuaries where life, in all its Mammals 139 9.4 380 36.6 offers a rare combination of exuberant rain- diversity, abounds. At the same time, Birds 777 12.4 1,616 48.0 forests and páramos, with an impressive the edges of the Reserve offer a num- Amphibians 124 38.0 464 26.7 range of rivers, mineral baths, lakes, and for- ber of accessible areas of great inter- est to the tourist, including Cuicocha foothills evergreen forest, lowlands evergreen forest, lowlands evergreen ests that extend from 38 meters above sea Ecosystems mountain forest, highlands evergreen mountain forest, mountain cloud level in the tropical region to 4,939 meters at Lagoon, Mount Cotacachi, the lagoons forest, gelidophyita y páramo the peak of Mount Cotacachi. of Piñán, and the San Miguel Waterfall. * These figures are, of necessity, estimates and subject to change. Source: MAE, 2010; Sierra, 1999. 4 5 The diverse ecosystem in the Reserve includes the White-tailed Deer in the páramo, the Toucan Barbet in the cloud forest (below left), and the giant trees of the tropical rain forest (below right). Access points for exploring the Reserve 1) The river port of Borbón, on the Cayapas River in the north of Esmeraldas (low area). 2) Naranjito, an hour from Pedro Vicente Maldonado in the province of Pichincha (low area). 3) The subtropical parishes of Cotacachi and Otavalo counties in Imbabura (low area). 4) In the north of Imbabura, between Ibarra and Lita (high area). The CCER is one of the most diverse, if not the most diverse, protected area in the country. While there are others, especially in the Amazon, with a greater number of species, the quantity of different microclimates here is amazing. At least three major ecosystems –humid forest, humid mountain forest, and humid páramos– are found here, each corner contributing to the mosaic’s variety. The minuscule flowers that you can find in the CCER change from one páramo to the next, and the orchids and bromeliads that hang from the ancient trees are different on either side of the Toisán range. This diversity is also evident, for example, in the extraordinarily high proportion of amphibians that live here and that are not found anywhere else (38%!), and in the confirmed presence of 685 bird species, making this protected area the richest in bird life in Ecuador’s entire protected areas system. Each immense tree in the rainforest is a complete ecosystem. The branches are covered with multiple species of mosses, lianas, ferns, orchids, and bromeliads. Within each bromeliad, pools are formed in which insects and tadpoles live. 6 7 Cotacachi volcano’s summit (4,939 masl) is the highest COTACACHI CAYAPAS IN BRIEF point in the Reserve and a fine Location: Eloy Alfaro and Rio Verde counties medium-difficulty challenge for mountaineers. (Esmeraldas province); Cotacachi and Urcuquí counties (Imbabura province). Area: 243,638 hectares Altitude range: 38 to 4,939 masl Climate: 4 to 24 ºC Nearby settlements: High area, Imbabura province: Cotacachi and Íntag. Low area, Esmeraldas province: Las Golondrinas (Quinindé county), Borbón (Eloy Alfaro county) Year the Reserve was created: 1968 The range of activities that such an exuberant geography offers is equally wide: mountain climbing, cycling, camping, trekking, rafting, bathing in mineral waters, bird watching, swimming in the fords of rivers, to mention only the most common. Most of the places where these activities are on offer are in the buffer zone, where resi- dents have found tourism to be a sustainable way to take advantage of the area’s riches. The Chocó: networks of life The Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve is part of the Chocó biogeographic region, a forested strip of land along the Pacific Ocean stretching from Panama to the north of Peru. Its more than 187,000 square kilometers are believed to be among the wettest and most biodiverse in the world. Due to its endemism, that is, the number of species found only here, the Chocó is a priority region for conservation. Alto Chocó, Río Palenque, and dozens of other In Ecuador, the Cotacachi Cayapas is part forests included in the subsystem of private of a network of public, private, and commu- protected areas. nity reserves whose purpose is to save these In the Andes, the lagoons of Piñán and Adminitratively, the CCER is divided into a high forests. The reserves include those of the Awá Cuicocha, both within the CCER, as well as area (in Imbabura; including Yanahurco and (community); the Mache Chindul, Cayapas Yahuarcocha, San Pablo, and the Mojanda Cajas Cotacachi peaks, and the Piñán and Cuicocha Mataje, Manglares-Río Muisne, Manglares- lagoons, make up an integrated system of wet- lagoons) and a low area (in Esmeraldas, including Río Emeraldas, La Chiquita, Los Cedros, and lands. A variety of aquatic birds weaves an the Andean flanks and the upper watersheds of the El Pambilar (state); El Chontal, Maquipucuna, invisible network that joins these bodies of water. San Miguel, Cayapas, and Santiago rivers). 8 9 78°50'0"W 78°40'0"W 78°30'0"W 78°20'0"W 78°10'0"W Playa de Oro San José de Cayapas approach N Lita to Reserve Banco de Arena Las Peñas PROVINCE OF CARCHI O E L it N a 0°50'0"N egro 0°50'0"N S PROVINCE OF ESMERALDAS o city g a i village Telembí t n a interest site S Panam. Highway i San Miguel m secondary road e PROVINCE OF IMBABURA t c river s o a River access T p Carolina vía secundaria a y to Reserve a railway C L Reserve limit ita summit Corriente Larga Elevation chas ca Sa La lan n M a B igu 0°40'0"N Hoj el 0°40'0"N P u n C i y a a y c a u p a s La Merced de o Buenos Aires Agua d R COTACACHI CAYAPAS C u a la b r r n ECOLOGICAL RESERVE MAP a a g B e Sources: ETI 2011; Jarvis, 2008; Lima y Mena s/f; MAE 2011 / Credits: S.
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