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European Community No. 26/1984 July 10, 1984 Contact: Ella Krucoff (202) 862-9540 THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: 1984 ELECTION RESULTS :The newly elected European Parliament - the second to be chosen directly by European voters -- began its five-year term last month with an inaugural session in Strasbourg~ France. The Parliament elected Pierre Pflimlin, a French Christian Democrat, as its new president. Pflimlin, a parliamentarian since 1979, is a former Prime Minister of France and ex-mayor of Strasbourg. Be succeeds Pieter Dankert, a Dutch Socialist, who came in second in the presidential vote this time around. The new assembly quickly exercised one of its major powers -- final say over the European Community budget -- by blocking payment of a L983 budget rebate to the United Kingdom. The rebate had been approved by Community leaders as part of an overall plan to resolve the E.C.'s financial problems. The Parliament froze the rebate after the U.K. opposed a plan for covering a 1984 budget shortfall during a July Council of Ministers meeting. The issue will be discussed again in September by E.C. institutions. Garret FitzGerald, Prime Minister of Ireland, outlined for the Parliament the goals of Ireland's six-month presidency of the E.C. Council. Be urged the representatives to continue working for a more unified Europe in which "free movement of people and goods" is a reality, and he called for more "intensified common action" to fight unemployment. Be said European politicians must work to bolster the public's faith in the E.C., noting that budget problems and inter-governmental "wrangles" have overshadolted the Community's benefits. -
International Maritime Boundaries
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW International Maritime Boundaries VOLUME IV Edited by JONATHAN I. CHARNEY and ROBERT W. SMITH MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS THE HAGUE / LONDON / NEW YORK Table of Contents VOLUME I Preface xiii Contributors xv Glossary of Terms xix References xxi Introduction and Conclusions xxiii Jonathan I. Charney GLOBAL ANALYSES I. Political, Strategie, and Historical Considerations 3 Bernard H. Oxman II. The Legal Regime of Maritime Boundary Agreements 41 David Colson III. Economic and Environmental Considerations in Maritime Boundary Delimitations 75 Barbara Kwiatkowska IV. Geographie Considerations in Maritime Delimitation 115 Prosper Weil V. Islands, Rocks, Reefs, and Low-Tide Elevations in Maritime Boundaries 131 Derek Bowett VI. Baseline Considerations 153 Louis B. Sohn VII. The Use of Geophysical Factors in the Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries 163 Keith Highet VIII. Method, Oppositeness and Adjacency, and Proportionality in Maritime Boundary Delimitation 203 Leonard Legault and Blair Hankey IX. Technical Considerations in Maritime Boundary Delimitations 243 Peter Beazley REGIONAL ANALYSES REGION I. North American Maritime Boundaries 267 Lewis M. Alexander vi Table of Contents REGION II. Middle American and Caribbean Maritime Boundaries 271 Kaldone G. Nweihed REGION EQ. South American Maritime Boundaries 285 Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga REGION IV. African Maritime Boundaries 293 Andronico 0. Adede REGION V. Central Pacific and East Asian Maritime Boundaries 297 Choon-Ho Park REGION VI. Indian Ocean and South East Asian Maritime Boundaries 305 J.R. Victor Prescott REGION VII. Persian Gulf Maritime Boundaries 315 Lewis M. Alexander REGION VIEL Mediterranean and Black Sea Maritime Boundaries 321 Tullio Scovazzi REGION DC. Northern and Western European Maritime Boundaries 331 D.H. -
1. Approval of Minutes
14 . 02 . 94 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 44/ 19 Tuesday, 18 January 1994 MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE SITTING OF TUESDAY, 18 JANUARY 1994 (94/C 44/02) PART I Proceedings of the sitting IN THE CHAIR : Mr ESTGEN — Report of the Committee on External Economic Vice-President Relations on the proposal for a Council Regulation on the introduction of time limits for investigations carried out under the Community instruments of commercial defence and modification of the relevant Council Regu (The sitting was opened at 9 a.m.) lations (COM(93)0541 — C3-0005/94) * Rapporteur: Mr De Vries (A3-00 16/94) 1. Approval of Minutes The Minutes of the previous sitting were approved . (b) motions for resolutions pursuant to Rule 45 from the following Members : 2. Documents received — de la Cámara Martinez on the establishment of a European Youth Year (B3- 1665/93) The President announced that he had received : referred to responsible : CULT (a) from the parliamentary committees the following reports : — de la Cámara Martinez on setting up a Community — Report of the Committee on Transport and Tourism programme for aids to craft production (B3- 1666/93) on the proposal for a Council Regulation modifying referred to Regulation (EEC) No 1 101 /89 on structural improve ments in inland waterway transport (COM(93)0553 — responsible : ECON C3-05 12/93 — SYN 475) **I opinion : BUDG Rapporteur: Mr Van der Waal (A3-00 12/94) — Izquierdo Rojo, Arbeloa Muru, Belo, Bofill Abeilhe , Bru Purón, Cabezón Alonso, Cano Pinto, Colino Sala — Report of -
19883575.Pdf
EN European Communities *EP**** *PE* ***** EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT SESSION DOCUMENTS English Edition 23 May 1991 A3-0140/91 REPORT of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy on European Car Industry Rapporteur: Carole Tongue PE 146.412/fin. Or. EN A Senes. Reports - B Senes· Mohons for ResolutiOns, Oral Questions - C Senes: Documents received from other lnshtuttans (e.g Consultations) Cooperation procedure (second reading) whiCh requires the votes of ff18J0rlty of the current Consultation procedure a single read1ng a c:::::J • reqwr~ng Members of Parliament for reJechon or amendment Parliamentary assent whiCh requires the votes of a majority of the current Members of I **I I • Cooperation procedure (first readmg) Parliament CONTENTS Procedural page . 3 A. MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION . 4 B. EXPLANATORY STATEMENT . 1 0 ANNEX: Motion for resolution by de DONNEA on Community policy in the motor vehicle sector (83-0246/90) ...•............................. 23 - 2 - PE 146.412/fin. By letter of 1 December 1989 the Commit tee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy requested authorization to draw up a report on European Car Industry. At the sitting of 2 April 1990 the President of the European Parliament announced that the committee had been authorized to report on this subject. At its meeting of 21 March 1990 the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy appointed Ms Tongue rapporteur. At its meeting of 20 March 1990 the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy decided to include in its report the following motion for resolution which had been referred to it: - motion by de Donnea on Community policy in the motor vehicle sector (83-0246/90). -
Results Elected Members
Results and Elected Members Second edition based on official statistics where available 13 JuLy, 1989 PE 133.341 C 0 N T E N T S Electorate and turnout in the 12 . 1 Great Britain . 2 Northern Ireland . 3 Great Britain constituency results .................................... 4 Ireland constituency results .......................................... 14 Belgium ............................................................... 16 Denmark ............................................................... 18 France ................................................................ 20 Germany . 22 Greece ................................................................ 24 Ireland ............................................................... 26 Italy ................................................................. 28 Luxembourg . 31 Netherlands ........................................................... 33 Portugal .............................................................. 35 Spain ......................... : . ...................................... 37 United Kingdom ........................................................ 39 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Electorate and turnout in EC states in 1979, 1984 and 1989 Country Electorate Turnout V\J.lid votes Belgium 1989 7,096,273 90.7 5,899,285 1984 6,975,677 92.2 5,725,837 1979 6,800,584 91.4 5,442,867 Denmark 1989 3,923,549 46.2 1,789,395 1984 3,878,600 52.4 2,001,875 1979 3,754,423 47.8 1,754,350 France 1989 38,348,191 48.7 18,145,588 1984 36,880,688 56.7 20,180,934 1979 35,180,531 60.7 20,242,347 Germany 1989 45,773,179 62.3 28,206,690 1984 44,451,981 56.8 24,851,371 1979 42,751,940 65.7 27,847,109 Greece 1989 8,347.387 79.9 6,544,669 1984 7,790,309 77.2 5,956,060 1981 7,319,070 78.6 5,753,478 Ireland 1989 2,453,451 68.3 1,632, 728 1984 2,413,404 47.6 1,l20,-ll6 1979 2,188, 798 63.6 1 '339. -
2. Application of Rules of Procedure
No C 91 /276 Official Journal of the European Communities 28 . 3 . 94 Friday, 11 March 1994 MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE SITTING OF FRIDAY, 11 MARCH 1994 (94/C 91 /05 ) PART I Proceedings of the sitting IN THE CHAIR : Mr KLEPSCH — Mr Blaney , who protested at the way votes had been taken ; he felt that split votes taken without due notice President added to the confusion and that oral amendments compli cated the situations till further ; he also sought an assu rance that the order of voting scheduled for that day would not be changed ; (The sitting was opened at 9 a.m.) — Mr Gutierrez Diaz , on Mr Arbeloa Muru s remarks (Part I, before Item 14). 1. Approval of Minutes The Minutes of the previous sitting were approved . The following spoke : — Mr Schiedermeier, who pointed out that he had voted against in the first two votes on the Van Velzen report (A3-0079/94 — Part I , Item 22), but that his name 2. Application of Rules of Procedure did not appear in the voting lists (the President said the necessary corrections would be made); The Committee on the Rules of Procedure had been asked to consider the problem which arose during the — Mr Hansch, who pointed out that he had spoken sitting of 10 February 1994 concerning the application of during voting time on Wednesday but that the text of his Rules 1 14 and 1 15 of the Rules of Procedure (Herman speech had not been included in the verbatim report of report on the constitution of the European Union , A3 debates (the President replied that the matter would be 0064/94 — Minutes of that sitting, Part I, Item 9). -
·European. Elections Results And· Elected Members
·European. elections 14-17 June 198~ Results and· Elected Members as at July 1984 Second revised edition based on official results for Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Official results for the UK are not expected before October. NB: The list of Italian members is incorrect. Luxembourg members are missing. For corrections, see European Community News No. 26/84. Directorate-General for Information and Public Relations Publications and Briefings Division -1- EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Electorate and turnout in EC states in 1979 and 1984 r-- Country Electorate Turnout Valid votes Belgium 1984 6,975,677 92.2 5,725,837 1979 6,800,584 91.4 5,442,867 Luxembourg 1984 215,792 88.8 173,888 1979 212,740 88.9 170,759 Italy 1984 44,438,303 83.4 35,0913,046 1979 42,193,369 84.9 35,042,601 Greece 1984 7,790,309 77.2 5,956,060 1981 7,319,070 78.6 5,753,478 Germany 1984 44,451,981 56.8 24,851,371 1979 42,751,940 65.7 27,847,109 France 1984 36,880,688 56.7 20,180,934 1979 35,180,531 60.7 20,242,347 Denmark 1984 3,87"8,600 52.4 2,001,875 1979 3,754,423 47.8 1,754,850 Netherlands 1984 10,4 7 6, 000 50.57 5,297,621 1979 9,808,176 58.1 5,667,303 Ireland 1984 2,413,404 47.6 1,120,416 1979 2,188,798 63.6 1,339,072 United Kingdom 1984 42,984,998 32.56 13,998,188 1979 41, 57 3, 897 32.3 13,446,091 Total 1984 200,505,752 59 114 , 4 o4 , 2 3 6 1979 191,783,52~ 62.5 116,706,4 77 -2- Belgium The Socialists win two seats and the Christian Democrats lose four as a result of the second EP elections. -
(Objections) 1. Approval of Minutes
28 . 2 . 94 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 61 /55 Wednesday, 9 February 1994 MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE SITTING OF WEDNESDAY, 9 FEBRUARY 1994 (94/C 61 /03 ) PART I Proceedings of the sitting IN THE CHAIR : Mr ANASTASSOPOULOS 3. Topical and urgent debate (objections) Vice-President The President announced that pursuant to Rule 47(2), second subparagraph , he had received the following (The sitting was opened at 9 a.m.) objections , tabled and justified in writing , to the list of subjects for the next debate on topical and urgent subjects of major importance : 1. Approval of Minutes III . PROBLEMS AFFECTING FISHERIES Mr Mantovani had informed the Chair that he had intended to vote against and not for the resolution in the — motion by the PPE Group to rename this subject Roth report (A3-0028/94) and Mr Martin had informed 'Economic and social problems in the European Union ' the Chair that he had intended to vote for and not against and to divide it into two separate items the same resolution (Part I, Item 17). The Minutes of the previous sitting were approved . The following spoke : — Mr Verde i Aldea, on behalf of the PSE Group, who asked the PPE Group to withdraw its motion ; 2. Documents received — Mrs Oomen-Ruijten , who said she was prepared to The President announced that he had received : withdraw the motion on behalf of the PPE Group if the Commission was willing to make a statement on the (a) from the parliamentary committee the following matter covered by her group's motion either the same report : week or during Parliament's forthcoming part-session in Brussels (the President announced he would contact the — **I Report of the Committee on Development and Commission to examine this possibility , to which Cooperation on the proposal for a Council Regulation on Mrs Oomen-Ruijten agreed , withdrawing her group's financial and technical cooperation with the Occupied motion). -
Alan Johnston Petition
ALAN JOHNSTON PETITION BBC News website users around the world have written in their thousands to demand the release of BBC Gaza correspondent Alan Johnston. An online petition was started on Monday, 2 April. It said: “We, the undersigned, demand the immediate release of BBC Gaza correspondent Alan Johnston. We ask again that everyone with influence on this situation increase their efforts, to ensure that Alan is freed quickly and unharmed.” In total, more than 100,000 have signed. The latest names to be added are published below. A Burton London, UK A McCrossan London, UK A Chong UK A McLoone Rush, Dublin, Ireland A Davis Christchurch, New A Parkes Preston, England Zealand A S Jessup-Bould Stockport, A DEMOSTHENOUS England bedfordshire A Smillie UK A Dobbie Auckland, New Zealand a tehran A Florian Edmonton, Canada A Towers Camberley, UK A G Williams leverington Wisbech A W Wildes New Zealand A Gibson West Midlands, UK A WENINGER GILWERN, UK A Gregg Hinton, Alberta ,Canada A Wood Aberystwyth UK A Holmes Birmingham, England A. Capon Zuerich Switzerland A Homewood Sydney Australia A. Davis Aylesbury, England A Hutton London A. Lukkien Ashford, Uk A James Bournemouth England A. M. Heynsbroek Amsterdam, A Jones Newport, South Wales Netherlands A Langton Winchester, UK A. Memery Dublin, Ireland A Lloyd Oxford UK. A. Nettleingham Valencia, Spain A M SMITH Oxford, UK A. Selman Keele, UK A Masterman Kuwait A. van Eicjk Holland A. Weyers Alexandria, VA, USA Abdullah Rhodes-Taylor Swindon, A. Yussuf Ottawa, Canada England A.Evans Kington, Herefordshire -
Report on the Activities
E U R 0 PEA N PARLIAMENT GROUP OF THE EUROPEAN PEOPLE•s PARTY (CHRISTIAN-DEMOCRATIC GROUP) EPP HJRCl'PAN POOMS PARTY HEART OF EUROPE ---------------------------- REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES July 1992 -July 1993 CONTENTS PREFACE of the EPP Group Chairman 7 Introduction Pascal FONTAINE (F) 9 THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEES - Committee on Foreign Affairs and Security Guillermo CASAN (SP)/Ursula BAUSCH (D) 15 • Subcommittee on Security and Disarmament Carlo PALASSOF (I) 37 • Subcommittee on Human Rights Carlo PALASSOF (I) 41 - Committee on Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development Werner KROGEL (D)/Antonio PRETO (I) 44 • Subcommittee on Fisheries Carmen FRAGA (SP) 69 - Committee on Budgets Jan WESTENBROEK (NL) 83 - Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy Stefan PFITZNER (D) 91 • Subcommittee on Monetary Affairs Christine DETOURBET (F) 102 - Committee on Energy, Research and Technology Paolo LICANDRO (I) 104 - Committee on External Economic Relations Niels PEDERSEN (DK) 117 - Committee on Legal Affairs and Citizens' Rights !lias KAVALIERAKIS (GR) 134 3 - Committee on Social Affairs, Employment and the Working Environment Klaus KELLERSMANN (D) 156 Committee on Regional Policy, Regional Planning and Relations with Regional and Local Authorities Spyridon EFSTATHOPOULOS (GR) 176 - Committee on Transport and Tourism Romain STRASSER (LX) 186 - Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection Martin KAMP (D) 207 - Committee on Culture, Youth, Education and the Media Ute ZURMAHR (D) 220 - Committee on Development -
The Technical Aspects of International Maritime Boundary Delimitation, Depiction, and Recovery
The Technical Aspects of International Maritime Boundary Delimitation, Depiction, and Recovery COALTER LATHROP University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA The technical aspects of delimiting. depicting. and recovering international maritime boundaries are addressed. Potential sources of error in the delimitation. depiction. and recovery of boundaries are exposed. and recommendations are made for avoid ing errors in the foture. Recent technological advances in the field of international maritime boundary making are discussed. The technical information provided in international maritime boundary treaties signed between 1940 and 1991 is ana lyzed. Keywords combinatorial search algorithm, delimitation, geodetic datum, global posi tioning system, international, lines, maritime boundary, Mercator's projection, nautical charts "Good fences make good neighbors."* State practice indicates that "boundary as fence" is the predominant model in inter national maritime boundary making. l If a boundary is to function effectively as a fence, its location must be apparent to all who pass by. Therefore, it is important that interna tional maritime boundaries be delimited carefully to avoid numerous sources of error, and that they be depicted precisely and in a manner that is fully understood by the states parties to the agreement and other ocean users.2 In order to avoid confusion about the exact location of a boundary line, the texts of international maritime boundary treaties must contain certain technical information, including (1) the geographical coordinates of turning points, (2) the nature of the line segments connecting these points, and (3) the geodetic datum to which the boundary is referenced. Where these conditions have not been met, there is potential for international conflict over negotiated lines.3 The international community of ocean users must know the precise location of ne gotiated international maritime boundaries.