Making Soap in Plymouth Dr James Gregory, Department of History, University of Plymouth May 2020 e.mail:
[email protected] That the consumption of Soap in England does not increase with population, wealth, commerce, or civilisation of the nation. That the people of England, high and low, consume a less average quality of Soap per head than they allow the convicts in the 1 prisons, or the paupers in the workhouses. Who can deny my claim? Health’s truest friend, I cleanse the skin of rich and poor alike: Disease flies from me, as from mortal foe, From kingly palace down to cottage hearth, Are constant records of my service found. Each garment worn, by king, queen, knight, or peasant, 2 Bears witness of my power, my wondrous power. As these two quotations indicate, soap stimulated some controversy in England in the first half of the nineteenth century, before the tax which had long been imposed on this important commodity was removed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, William Gladstone, in 1853. This meant that English manufacturers were in competition with Irish soap-makers who did not have the tax. Into the early 1840s, soap makers were subject to regulations which controlled the shape and size of soap bars, the ingredients, the methods of boiling, and the specific gravities of the 1 Western Courier, 29 November 1849. 2 Western Courier, 19 February 1851. The soap industry is referred to in previously published local histories such as C. Gill, Plymouth a New History: 1603 to the Present Day (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1979); see also the recent E.