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Mihret Thesis-Final ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK THE SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SEXUAL IMPACT ON THE WOMEN AND THE RATIONAL BEHIND CONTINUATION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION A Case Study in Sidama Zone, Bona Zuria Woreda A Thesis Submitted to Addis Ababa University in Requirement for the Degree of Masters in Social Work (MSW) BY Mihiret Belay Advisor: Mesay G/Mariam (PhD) May, 2016 Addis Ababa 1 Addis Ababa University College of Social Science School of Social Work THE SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SEXUAL IMPACT ON THE WOMEN AND THE RATIONAL BEHIND CONTINUATION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION A Case Study in Sidama Zone, Bona Zuria Woreda By Mihiret Belay Approved by Examining Board Advisor____________________________ Signature_______________ Date_____________ Examiners 1. ____________________________ Signature______________ Date____________ 2. ____________________________ Signature______________ Date____________ 1 The Social, Psychological and Sexual Impact…. Acknowledgment Above all things, I would like to thank the almighty God who has been with me up to this point, and who is the source of my power and strength in every single days of my life. I extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my advisor, Dr.Mesay G/Mariam, for his consistent technical and professional support to complete this thesis. I also acknowledge that for his great understanding and positive response in all the conversation that we made and I am grateful. I would also profoundly thank W/rt Nardos Chuta, Young Lives Ethiopia Assistant Qualitative researcher at Save the Children, Addis Ababa for her consistent technical and professional support. Most importantly, I am deeply grateful to women and people of all interviews participants who are crucial to this thesis and graciously opened their hearts to me and shared their experience. This thesis is a product of the generosity of all the people mentioned above with their time and the information they provided to me. The last but not the least, I would like to thank all my friends and my family for giving me encouragement to accomplish this thesis work. i The Social, Psychological and Sexual Impact…. Abstract The major objective of this study is to explore the social, psychological and sexual impact of Female Genital Mutilation on the survivors- girls and women who are circumcised and the rationale behind the practice of FGM and recommend intervention strategies to address the impact. This research employed qualitative techniques to understand and assess the life of survivors’ women on the psychological, social and sexual impacts of FGM and the underlying reasons of the continuation of the practice through investigating their experience, perspectives and histories from their viewpoint. This study used non probability sampling technique as a major sampling method and purposive sampling technique is employed to select participants. A total of 25 study participants were selected including 19 for focused group discussion. The data obtained from the participants were analyzed thematically. The results of the study indicated that the major social, psychological and sexual impacts of FGM and the reasons of the continuation of the practice. In addition, the existing legal and policy frame work that facilitates the mitigation against the impact of FGM on survivors were also assessed. In conclusion, female genital mutilation is a criminal offence according to legislation because it causes pain, violates the human rights and the health of women and puts girls at risk. Empowering people in the community with knowledge on the subject and providing the necessary resources will help eliminating the practice. In particular, major gaps in the literature about the psychological, social and the sexual consequences of FGM still remain. ii The Social, Psychological and Sexual Impact…. Table of Contents Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................. i Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Research Question ................................................................................................................ 6 1.4. General Objectives ............................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1. Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................ 6 1.5. Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 7 1.6. Operational Definition.......................................................................................................... 7 1.7. Limitation and Challenges of the Research.......................................................................... 8 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................ 10 2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 10 2.2. History of FGM .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Type and Definition FGM .................................................................................................. 11 2.4. Prevalence of FGM ............................................................................................................ 12 2.5 Understanding on the Social, Psychological and Sexual impact of FGM .......................... 13 2.5.1. Social Impact of FGM ................................................................................................. 13 2.5.2 Psychological Impact of FGM ...................................................................................... 14 2.5.3 Sexual Impact of FGM ................................................................................................. 15 2.6. Reasons and Beliefs for the continuation of the Practice of FGM ..................................... 16 2.6.1 Psychosexual Reasons .................................................................................................. 16 2.6.2 Sociological Reasons .................................................................................................... 17 2.6.3 Hygiene and Aesthetic Reasons ................................................................................... 17 2.7. Myths .................................................................................................................................. 17 2.8 Theories related to Female Genital Mutilation ................................................................... 18 2.8.1 Social Theory ................................................................................................................ 18 iii The Social, Psychological and Sexual Impact…. 2.8.2 Feminist Theory ............................................................................................................ 19 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS ........................................................................... 20 3.1. Research Design ................................................................................................................. 20 3.2 Study Area: Background Information of Bona Zuria Woreda ............................................ 21 3.3. Selection of Study Participant ............................................................................................ 23 3.4 Sampling Technique ............................................................................................................ 24 3.5. Tools and Techniques of Data Collection .......................................................................... 25 3.5.1 Data Collection Tools ................................................................................................... 25 3.5.2 Data Collection Techniques .......................................................................................... 26 3.6. Data Analysis Techniques .................................................................................................. 30 3.7. Assuring the Trustworthiness of the Data .......................................................................... 31 3.8. Ethical Considerations........................................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS OF THE STUDY ....................................................................... 32 4.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................
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