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New Records and Zoogeographical Notes on the Birds of St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea

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New Records and Zoogeographical Notes on the Birds of St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea NEW RECORDS AND ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, BERING SEA SPENCER G. SEALY,l FRANCIS H. FAY, JEAN BEDARD,2 United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare AND Public Health Service Arctic Health Research Center MIKLOS D. F. UDVARDY3 College, Alaska 99701 Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, British Columbia St. Lawrence Island is a low arctic land mass times of the year, 1958-1969; Bedard was on the of about 2000 square miles, situated in the island 14 summer months, 1964-1967; and Udvardy visited there briefly in June 1966. Fays’ ornithological northern Bering Sea, between northeastern observations were incidental to field work on para- Asia and northwestern North America (fig. 2). sitological and mammalogical problems for the Zoonotic Its intermediate position and the fact of geo- Disease Section, Arctic Health Research Center, and logically recent connections with both conti- are supplemental to those reported earlier (Fay and nents (Hopkins 1967) have conferred a unique Cade 1959; Fay 1961). Bedards’ and Sealys’ observa- tions were incidental to ecological studies of alcids in character on the fauna and flora of the island. connection with graduate programs at the University Besides species of Holarctic and local distribu- of British Columbia. tion, it harbors some that are peculiar to Pale- Geographical names of localities on the island (fig. arctic and Nearctic faunistic regions. With 1) are taken from the United States Geological Survey map, “St. Lawrence, 1957 compilation,” Alaska Topo- these points in mind, Fay and Cade (1959) graphic Series. Nomenclature of Nearctic birds follows described the distribution and ecology of the the AOU Check-list (1957); nomenclature of Palearctic birds of the area, based mainly on field work birds follows Vaurie ( 1959, 1965). covering the western half of the island. Their Specimens collected by and for the authors were observations were supplemented by those of deposited in several museums: American Museum of Natural History (hereafter abbreviated AMNH), Arctic Sauer and Urban ( 1964), Bedard ( 1966), and Health Research Center ( AHRC), National Museum Sealy ( 1967a, b, 1968, 1969), who worked in of Canada (NMC), University of Alaska Museum the same area, and were complemented by ( UAM ), University of British Columbia Museum of Zoology (USC), University of California Museum of those of Thompson (1967) on the eastern end Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), University of Puget Sound of the island and the outlying Punuk Islands. Museum of Natural History (UPS), and the United The present paper reports several additions States National Museum ( USNM). to the known avifauna of St. Lawrence Island, ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES confirms a number of previous records of rare birds, provides evidence of nesting of some of Red-necked Grebe. Podiceps grisegena these, and gives supplementary information on (Boddaert ) . A Red-necked Grebe with downy occurrence and nesting of a few of the more young was photographed by Alexander H. common species. The zoogeographical signifi- Leighton of Harvard University on a small pond in the eastern interior of the island dur- cance of these and the previous findings is ing the summer of 1940. The birds were iden- considered in the light of recent advances of tified by Fay from the photographs, which the geological and ecological history of the constitute the only record of nesting by this region. species on the island. Robert L. Rausch of the Arctic Health Research Center sighted four METHODS Red-necked Grebes about 24 km E of Siknik Our data were collected between 1958 and 1969. During this period Sealy was on St. Lawrence Island Camp on 16 July 1959 and collected one of for 9 summer months in 1966 and 1967; Fay spent a them for parasitological examination. There total of 14 months in intermittent visits at various are two previous records (Bailey 1956; Fay and Cade 1959). 1 Present address: Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104. Horned Grebe. Podiceps auritus (Linnaeus). 2 Present address: D6partement de Biologie, Universit& Laval, Q&bec lOe, Canada. A single bird of this species was sighted by 3 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Sacra- David L. Chesmore of the University of Alaska, mento State College, 6000 Jay Street, Sacramento, California 95819. 3 June 1968, on the sea near Niyrakpak Lagoon. [3221 The Condor, 73:322-336, 1971 BIRDS OF ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, BERING SEA 323 Kavalghak I3 :itncpaluk Cam Siknik Cam Islands 10 20 30 40 Southeast Cape FIGURE 1. St. Lawrence Island, showing localities mentioned in the text. Two Horned Grebes were observed and photo- Bean Goose. Anser fahalis Latham. On two graphed 26 days later by Robert 0. Stephen- occasions, 19 May 1958 and 16 May 1966, son, also of the University of Alaska, as they Vernon K. Slwooko of Gambell saw what he rested on a small bay on the southern coast of described to Fay as Bean Geese. Both obser- the island, about 32 km S of the first locality. vations were of single birds near Gambell. The Identification of the latter was confirmed by only previous record from the island is a young Fay from the photographs. These are the first male taken at Gambell by Lawrence Kulukhon records of Horned Grebes from the vicinity of on 8 May 1952 (not “near Savoonga,” Bailey the island. 1956:560, or “7 April,” AOU 1957:66; Gabriel- Canada Goose. Branta canadensis (Lin- son and Lincoln 1959:137). Details of that naeus). A single Canada Goose was seen flying record were reported by Fay and Cade (1959). over Gambell by Sealy on 16 May 1966. Fay A single record from the Pribilof Islands is a and Cade (1959) reported two previous sight specimen also taken in May (Sladen 1966). records, and Friedmann (1934a) assigned Mallard. Anus platyrhynchos Linnaeus. A bones from the middens to the race minima. flightless, male Mallard with several Emperor Black Brant. Bra&a nigricans (Lawrence). Geese was observed at close range by Fay and Brant are often seen during the spring migra- V. K. Slwooko on the west-central shore of tion of waterfowl to and from St. Lawrence Aghnaghak Lagoon on 29 July 1965. Although Island, but they are usually scarce in summer. the Eskimos inhabiting the island sometimes In the summer of 1965 they were unusually refer to the Pintail, A. acuta Linnaeus, as the abundant on the western end of the island, and “Mallard,” this is the first definite record of A. a group of at least 300 molted in the vicinity plutyrhynchos from the island. of Aghnaghak Lagoon, according to our Es- Green- winged Teal. Anas carolinensis kimo informants. Fay saw more than 100 Gmelin. A Green-winged Teal taken by Hugo flightless Black Brant on that lagoon on 29 Apatiki, a Gambell resident, at Ooynik Point July 1965. On 26 July 1966, Eskimos took 26 on 27 May 1958 was identified by Fay, who flightless brant (examined by Sealy) and about also saw a flock of four near Gambell on 30 50 Emperor Geese, Philacte canagica (Sewas- May 1959. Another teal, probably of this spe- tianov), on the shores of Niyrakpak Lagoon. cies, was seen on two occasions, 12 and 13 July These lagoons are regularly used by Emperor 1959, by R. L. Rausch and Fay near Kawook Geese during their molt, but the occurrence Camp on the Koozata River; Bedard saw a there also of large numbers of brant was re- pair of Green-winged Teal near Gambell on garded by the Eskimos, as well as by us, as 16 and 19 May and again on 6 June 1964. In very unusual. their combined experience of several months 324 SPENCER G. SEALY, FRANCIS H. FAY, JEAN BBDARD. AND MIKLOS D. F. UDVARDY of field investigations, Sauer and Urban (1964) falcon (NMC 55244) on Sevuokuk Mountain and Sealy saw no Green-winged Teals, and which was identified by W. E. Godfrey (in Thompson (1967) saw only one pair. Though litt., 1967) as “almost certainly from a first the number of individuals is evidently small, year Peregrine Falcon. Although the Gyrfal- we suspect that these birds do breed on the con is known to occur on St. Lawrence Island, island. Two previous specimens were reported your feather is much too small to be from a (Friedmann 1938; Fay and Cade 1959). bird of that species. It fits peregrinus well, European Widgeon. Mareca penelope (Lin- however.” There is one other record of this naeus). A pair of these birds in breeding plu- species, an immature male taken at Savoonga mage was observed by Sealy on the sea near on 15 September 1950 (Bailey 1956). Gambell on 23 May 1966. Friedmann (1932a) Ringed Plover. Charadrius hiaticula Lin- reported one specimen obtained at Gambell by naeus. A pair of plovers in distraction display Collins. was observed by Fay at the western end of the White-winged Scoter. Melanitta deglandi Koozata Lagoon on 16 July 1960, and one of (Bonaparte). Specimen records on file at the the birds was collected. Moments later a Arctic Health Research Center show a pair of downy chick was found by Tim Slwooko of White-winged Scoters collected for parasito- Gambell in the area where the adult birds logical examination by E. L. Schiller, formerly were first located. These specimens (USNM of the AHRC, near Gambell on 17 June 1951. 530739, 530740) were identified by Fay as A third specimen with no data was taken about Ringed Plovers and presumed to be of the the same time. Sealy obtained an adult male race tundrae by virtue of their geographic ( NMC uncatalogued) taken on 28 May 1967 location. This was later confirmed by G. E.
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