Working Paper The Impact of Citizens United in the States: Independent Spending in State Elections, 2006-2010 Keith E. Hamm Michael J. Malbin Edwards Professor in American Government Executive Director Rice University The Campaign Finance Institute Department of Political Science MS-24 1425 K Street NW, Suite 350 P.O. Box 1892 Washington, DC 20005 Houston, TX 77251-1892 (202) 969-8890 (713) 348-5273
[email protected] [email protected] Professor of Political Science University at Albany, SUNY Albany, NY 12222
[email protected] Jaclyn J. Kettler Brendan Glavin Ph.D. Candidate Data & Systems Manager Rice University The Campaign Finance Institute Department of Political Science MS-24 1425 K Street NW, Suite 350 P.O. Box 1892 Washington, DC 20005 Houston, TX 77251-1892 (202) 969-8890
[email protected] [email protected] October 2012 Updated version of a paper prepared for presentation at the 2012 meeting of the American Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA, August 30–September 2. Authors who choose to quote or cite the information in this draft working paper should be aware that subsequent drafts may alter the data or text. ABSTRACT The Impact of Citizens United in the States: Independent Spending in State Elections, 2006-2010 Keith Hamm Michael J. Malbin Jaclyn Kettler Brendan Glavin There can be no denying the profound changes in U.S. campaign financing since the U.S. Supreme Court’s January 2010 decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. Nevertheless, there has been confusion about the extent to which the decision should be seen as the primary explanation for what has occurred.