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Mozambique Marine and Coastal Resources Market Assessment: a Reference Guide

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Mozambique Marine and Coastal Resources Market Assessment: a Reference Guide MOZAMBIQUE MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES MARKET ASSESSMENT: A REFERENCE GUIDE April 2021 Authors: Ashok Menon, Luca Crudeli, Kevin Carlucci, Nathan Sage, Afonso Madope and Vera Julien This publication was produced by the SPEED+ Project under Contract No. AID-656-TO-16-00005 at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. This document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government. v MOZAMBIQUE MARINE MARKET ASSESSMENT Acknowledgements While the majority of the research for this report was carried out through a desk study, the authors did rely on the input of numerous partners and contributors with expertise in marine and coastal conservation in completing the report. A bulk of the time and cost of undertaking the report was provided by Marine Market Systems (MMS) on a pro bono basis, who worked hand-in-hand with the USAID SPEED+ project to complete the report. Ashok Menon was the lead author of the report and led the report team of Luca Crudeli, Kevin Carlucci, Nathan Sage, Afonso Madope and Vera Julien, to produce the final report. The authors are specifically grateful to the Government of Mozambique for the information and support provided in finalizing the report. Special thanks is provided to the Minister Augusta de Fátima Charifo Maita, from the Ministry of the Seas, Inland Waters and Fisheries (MIMAIP), who encouraged and supported the study, along with Dr. Miguel Langa of ProAzul, who provided equal support and information that helped with the completion of the report. We are encouraged at their dedication to advancing sustainable and coordinated marine and coastal economy activities throughout Mozambique. The authors are also grateful to Minister Ivete Maibase of the Ministry of Land and Environment (MTA), and her team, including Manuel Mutimucuio, as well as Mateus Muthemba, the Director of Mozambique’s National Administration for Conservation Areas (ANAC), for their support and input during the production of the report. We are extremely encouraged at their passion and dedication to marine conservation throughout Mozambique and believe that their advocacy efforts will ensure Mozambique marine and coastal assets are protected for generations to come. Specifically Dr. Mohamad Harun as well as Dr. Armindo Araman provided key details that were essential to the completion of a comprehensive report. The authors are highly indebted to Heidi Schuttenberg at USAID/Washington, who spent considerable time in editing and finalizing the report, and whose guidance and recommendations helped to improve the report, as well as Isabella Genta, also at USAID/Washington, who assisted in finalizing the report. Joao Moura Estevao Marques and his team at the World Bank provided valuable contacts, information and comments on the report. Hugo Costa and his team at Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) worked hand-in-hand with USAID to provide key details for the maps produced in the report, on the key biodiversity areas (KBAs) for marine landscapes, on their marine conservation efforts in Mozambique and on reviewing and commenting on the report. Biofund, specifically Luis Bernardo Honwana, Alexandra Jorge, Sean Nazareli and Denise Nicolau were also key partners in providing critical information and reports related to the marine conservation efforts throughout Mozambique, as well as in advocating for greater awareness and sustainable use of Mozambique’s marine resources. Rodrigo Fernandez and Dalila Sequeira at the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) provided important information on their marine-related work in the Quirimbas and in Primeiras and Segundas. Peter Bechtel and Tim Born provided a critical review of the report. Jorge Ferrao from University vi Pedagogica also helped source key background reports. Mike Donald at Kwala Lodge in Nacala also provided diving services and information for this report, for which we are grateful. We also like to warmly thank Jenny Stomvol and Cornelius Rupert from Back to Basics, Andrea Marshall and Janneman Conradie from Marine Megafauna Foundation (MMF) and, Ian Cook at Pomene Beach Camp, for all their input into the report and support while diving and photographing underwater. Yara Tibirica and Nakia Cullain provided key information and reports about Inhambane and Zavora which we appreciated, as did Tibea Hammann from Nuarro. Mike Donald from Kwalala Lodge in Nacala also provided key details for the report and facilitated our dives in and around Nacala, including to the A huge thanks goes to Jan Van Deventer from Fire Island Conservation and his team for bringing us to dive, photograph and see first hand the conservation efforts around Fire Island. Marcos Perreira from Centro Terra Viva (CTA) also provided key unpublished forthcoming and other reports that were critical in completing this study. The underwater photographs in the report were all shot throughout Mozambique by Luca Crudeli, Ashok Menon and Pedro Ferreira, who we thank for the photographs he provided to the report. Additional photos from various seascapes in Mozambique can be found at www.ferreirasphotography. com, www.instagram.com/crudeli_uwp, and www.instagram.com/am_underwater. As we hope you find when reading the report, Mozambique is an incredible country for its marine and coastal diversity and beauty. The authors have travelled, dived and taken underwater photographs throughout the world, and put Mozambique squarely in the top 3 destinations in the world for marine and coastal assets and the sheer beauty of its underwater world. We were consistently awestruck at each of the destinations we visited. Given Mozambique’s current level of development, we believe a market systems approach can be used to harness the private sector to finance conservation outcomes - free conservation of sorts. For that to happen, government, donors, civil society need to be aware and motivated to work together for sustainable use and conservation of Mozambique’s marine and coastal assets. We hope this report serves as an initial foundation to understanding the state of play of the marine and coastal economy and a useful resource for policy makers, donors, civil society and the private sector to design responsible and sustainable marine and coastal actions that will ensure those resources can be enjoyed for generations to come. vii MOZAMBIQUE MARINE MARKET ASSESSMENT Contents Acknowledgements ............................................... vi Marine Protected Areas .............................. 24 1.2.1 Quirimbas National Park (QNP) .... 27 Introduction ............................................................. 1 Marine Biodiversity Assets .............. 28 Threats ................................................ 29 1. Marine and Coastal Assets in Mozambique ... 4 Blue Economy Potential ................. 29 1.1 Key Attributes of Mozambique’s Donors and Partners Active in the Marine & Coastal Assets ............................ 6 Marine Sector .................................... 30 1.1.1 Marine Ecosystem Regions ........... 7 1.2.2. Primeiras and Segundas 1.1.2 Marine Ecosystem Habitats & Environmental Protection Ecosystem Services ......................... 9 Area (PSEPA) ...................................... 31 Corals ............................................ 9 Marine Biodiversity Assets .............. 32 Seagrass Beds .............................. 10 Threats ................................................ 32 Mangroves .................................... 12 Blue Economy Potential ................. 33 Oyster Reefs ......................... 13 Donors and Partners ....................... 35 Coastal Wetlands and Lagoons .... 14 1.2.3. Marromeu National Reserve (MNR) .. 37 Coastal Bays ......................... 15 Marine Biodiversity Assets .............. 38 1.1.3 Mozambique’s Key Marine Species .. 16 Threats ................................................ 39 Marine Species and Blue Economy Potential ................. 39 Habitats Data ....................... 16 Donors and Partners ....................... 39 Sea Turtles .......................................... 17 1.2.4. Bazaruto Archipelago National Marine Mammals .............................. 18 Park (BANP) ........................................ 40 Sharks and Rays ................................ 18 Biodiversity Assets ............................ 41 Coastal and Seabirds ....................... 19 Threats ................................................ 42 Other Marine Biota .......................... 19 Blue Economy Potential ................. 42 Seahorses ..................................... 20 Donors and Partners ....................... 42 Other key fish species that 1.2.5. São Sebastião Total Protection Area .. 45 are important for food security Biodiversity Assets ............................ 46 and livelihoods .................................. 20 Threats ................................................ 46 1.2 Seascape Profiles: Mozambique’s Blue Economy Potential ................. 47 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) .............. 23 Donors and Partners ....................... 47 viii CONTENTS 1.2.6. Pomene National Reserve (PRN) .. 48 Threats ................................................ 79 Biodiversity Assets ............................ 48 Blue Economy Potential ................. 79 Threats ................................................ 49 Donors and Partners
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