DOCSLIB.ORG

Sample Chapter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sample Chapter Contents List of Illustrations vi List of Maps and Tables vii Preface by M. C. Ricklefs viii Acknowledgements xii Orthography xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms xiv Maps xvi 1 Ethnic Groups, Early Cultures and Social Structures 1 2 Early State Formation 18 3 ‘Classical’ States at Their Height 36 4 New Global Religions and Ideas from the Thirteenth Century 69 5 The Rise of New States from the Fourteenth Century 92 6 Non-Indigenous Actors Old and New 116 7 Early Modern Southeast Asian States 134 8 Colonial Communities, c.1800–1900 165 9 Reform, New Ideas and the 1930s Crisis (c.1900–1942) 238 10 World War II in Southeast Asia (1942–1945) 292 11 Regaining Independence in the Decades After 1945 318 12 Building Nations, to c.1990 363 13 Boom and Bust in Southeast Asia c.1990–2008 425 14 Southeast Asia Today 461 Recommended Readings 472 Bibliography 488 Index and Glossary 517 v 1 Ethnic Groups, Early Cultures and Social Structures Introduction The ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity of Southeast Asia is by no means a recent phenomenon; archeological evidence suggests that this diversity extends back thousands of years into the distant past. Much of the prehistoric era, of course, remains difficult to reconstruct. Carbon dating and other tech- niques allow us to sketch out a rough chronology for the prehistoric period, along with some general inferences about agriculture, social ranking, and primordial spiritual beliefs. Linking these traces of long-vanished peoples to present-day inhabitants is another matter, however. A skull can be measured and identified in terms of some human group, but it cannot tell us what language the person spoke. Common patterns in burial practices or pottery motifs in different areas suggest communication links and cultural ties, but we cannot be certain whether these different peoples were related to each other or simply in regular contact. Moreover, scholarly theories about migration into and within Southeast Asia have changed drastically over the past half-century, thus reshaping our understanding of the broader pre-historic picture. Ethnohistory It is often helpful to approach the ethnic mosaic of Southeast Asia through an overview of the main linguistic families. Language and ethnicity do not always overlap, because over time individuals and groups can change their speech as well as their ethnic identity. However, focusing on language does allow us to make some general observations about different groups of peoples and also to suggest long-term patterns in the movement of these peoples. After a brief introduction of the major families, we will attempt to place each of them within the larger history of Southeast Asia. With a few exceptions found in the easternmost islands of Indonesia, all indigenous Southeast Asian languages can be assigned to one of five families: Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Tai, Tibeto-Burman, and Hmong-Mien. The term 1 2 A NEW HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA ‘indigenous’ is used here to exclude the languages spoken by more recent immi- grants from China and India. The Austroasiatic languages – often referred to as Mon-Khmer – include Vietnamese and Cambodian (Khmer), as well as Mon (spoken in parts of Myanmar and Thailand) and the languages of several dozen ethnic groups scattered through the uplands of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Mon-Khmer languages are also spoken by a few groups found in southern Thailand and Malaysia. By contrast, the Austronesian (Malayo- Polynesian) languages are found mainly in insular Southeast Asia – with the exception of Malay, which is also spoken in southern Thailand, peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, and a few of those in the highlands of central and southern Vietnam and north-eastern Cambodia. Virtually all of the languages of Indonesia and the Philippines belong to this group. The Tai – sometimes called Tai-Kadai – family spans a wide belt of territory stretching from both sides of the China-Vietnam border to Assam in northeast- ern India. It includes the national languages of Thailand and Laos, as well as the tongues spoken by some upland groups found in those countries, Vietnam, and Myanmar. The Tibeto-Burman family includes Burmese, the national language of Myanmar, as well as a band of languages spoken in the uplands of northern Southeast Asia. Finally, the Hmong-Mien (previously called Miao-Yao) languages are spoken by the descendants of a wave of migrants from China, who settled in the uplands of Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand over the last century or so. The earliest inhabitants of Southeast Asia were hunter-gatherers, meaning that they had no agriculture as such, but lived on what they could hunt, forage or gather from the forest, rivers, and sea. A crucial development came with the arrival of rice agriculture, which is believed to have spread from southern China over the course of the third millennium BCE. At this point it is important to stress the fact that the ‘border’ between ‘China’ and ‘Southeast Asia’ was once much further north than it is now. The Han people – those that we now think of as ‘ethnic Chinese’ – only expanded southward at a much later point in time, and in many respects present-day southern China below the Yangzi river had much closer ethnic, linguistic, and cultural ties to Southeast Asia. The spread of cultivated rice was a long, slow process measured in centuries, and there is no evidence that hunter-gatherers eagerly abandoned foraging to become farmers. Archeological evidence from different sites across the region suggests that the two means of livelihood coexisted in close proximity to each other and, in some cases, within the same communities. Current scholarship agrees that nearly all the languages presently spoken in Southeast Asia can be traced back to distant roots somewhere in southern China, and many – though not all – Southeast Asians are descended from peoples who migrated from different parts of that region. It seems probable that the knowledge and practice of rice agriculture spread outward from the Yangzi river area along with the ancestors of the various Southeast Asian languages as their speakers moved south. The two major linguistic families – Austronesian and Austroasiatic – can both be linked to migration. The Austronesian-speaking peoples are now believed to have originated on the south-eastern coast of China, from where they moved to Taiwan. The indigenous or ‘aboriginal’ ETHNIC GROUPS, EARLY CULTURES AND SOCIAL STRUCTURES 3 peoples of that island still speak languages from this family. Probably some 4000–5000 years ago, Austronesians took to the sea and launched one of the largest migrations in history, spreading through most of the Pacific islands, the southern part of Southeast Asia, and as far west as the island of Madagascar. Many of the existing inhabitants of the islands were culturally and linguistically assimilated into the migrant populations, though in a few places – notably the island of Papua or New Guinea – they remained separate. On the mainland it was the Austroasiatic speakers who became the dominant group, completely absorbing the existing inhabitants and their languages. As was the case for the island world, it seems that these new arrivals were agricul- turalists who gradually assimilated the hunter-gatherer populations. Although small groups of hunter-gatherers survive even today, they have adopted Austroasiatic languages. The two great linguistic families overlap on the Malay peninsula, where many of the groups known in Malaysia as ‘orang asli’ (‘origi- nal people’) are Austroasiatic – rather than Malay-speaking. The chronology of Austroasiatic migration into Southeast Asia remains fuzzy. It is probable that they were directly responsible for the spread of rice cultivation into the region beginning around 3000 BCE, although some scholars believe that they may have come even earlier and subsequently acquired this knowledge from other groups in southern China. By the end of the prehistoric period, then, most inhabitants of Southeast Asia would have been speaking languages from one of these two families, and those whose ancestors had pre-dated the arrival of the Austroasiatics and Austronesians were largely absorbed into the population descended from the latter two. By the beginning of the Common Era, there were speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages in Southeast Asia as well, concentrated in the terri- tory of present-day Myanmar. The most important group, the Pyu, flourished during the early centuries of the first millennium CE, but they were subse- quently assimilated by the ethnic Burmese, a later group of migrants speaking a related language. The last large-scale migration came in the late first and early second millennia, when Tai speakers began to move southward and westward from a homeland probably located in the present-day China-Vietnam border region. The Tai spread as far west as Assam and as far south as the Malay penin- sula. While they seem to have adopted certain cultural features – notably Buddhism – from the Mon-Khmer-speakers among whom they settled, they achieved political dominance almost everywhere and, in some cases, completely assimilated the original inhabitants. By the thirteenth century the distribution of ethnic groups and language families across Southeast Asia had taken roughly its present pattern, with a few important exceptions. First of all, the Vietnamese, whose civilization began in the Red river delta area, gradually expanded southward through a centuries- long process of migration, colonization, and assimilation. This expansion took place at the expense of the Cham along the coast and the Khmer (ethnic Cambodians) in the Mekong delta. Second, the last few centuries have seen a steady trickle of upland peoples moving southward from China. Many of these recent arrivals are Hmong or Yao, while others speak Tibeto-Burman languages. Finally, the advent of colonial rule brought large-scale migration of 4 A NEW HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA Indians and Chinese into various parts of the region, and they constitute signif- icant minorities in several countries today.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
    CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before.
    [Show full text]
  • Mon-Khmer Studies Volume 41
    Mon-Khmer Studies VOLUME 42 The journal of Austroasiatic languages and cultures Established 1964 Copyright for these papers vested in the authors Released under Creative Commons Attribution License Volume 42 Editors: Paul Sidwell Brian Migliazza ISSN: 0147-5207 Website: http://mksjournal.org Published in 2013 by: Mahidol University (Thailand) SIL International (USA) Contents Papers (Peer reviewed) K. S. NAGARAJA, Paul SIDWELL, Simon GREENHILL A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War 1-11 Michelle MILLER A Description of Kmhmu’ Lao Script-Based Orthography 12-25 Elizabeth HALL A phonological description of Muak Sa-aak 26-39 YANIN Sawanakunanon Segment timing in certain Austroasiatic languages: implications for typological classification 40-53 Narinthorn Sombatnan BEHR A comparison between the vowel systems and the acoustic characteristics of vowels in Thai Mon and BurmeseMon: a tendency towards different language types 54-80 P. K. CHOUDHARY Tense, Aspect and Modals in Ho 81-88 NGUYỄN Anh-Thư T. and John C. L. INGRAM Perception of prominence patterns in Vietnamese disyllabic words 89-101 Peter NORQUEST A revised inventory of Proto Austronesian consonants: Kra-Dai and Austroasiatic Evidence 102-126 Charles Thomas TEBOW II and Sigrid LEW A phonological description of Western Bru, Sakon Nakhorn variety, Thailand 127-139 Notes, Reviews, Data-Papers Jonathan SCHMUTZ The Ta’oi Language and People i-xiii Darren C. GORDON A selective Palaungic linguistic bibliography xiv-xxxiii Nathaniel CHEESEMAN, Jennifer
    [Show full text]
  • Mandy Sadan Syphilis and the Kachin Regeneration Campaign, 1937–38 This Paper Discusses the Introduction of a Policy Known As
    Please note: This paper is an early draft of a paper that was later published as Sadan, Mandy (2010) 'Syphilis and the Kachin Regeneration Campaign, 1937– 38.' Journal of Burma Studies, 14 . pp. 115-149. The published version should be cited. Mandy Sadan Syphilis and the Kachin Regeneration Campaign, 1937–38 This paper discusses the introduction of a policy known as the Kachin Regeneration Campaign in the Kachin Hills from 1937 to 1938. Initiated by a belief that the Kachin people were on the verge of dying out because of an epidemic of syphilis, the campaign reveals much about the realities of Kachin dissociation from the late colonial regime, contrasting sharply with the conventional historical narrative of Kachin compliance with imperial control. A significant part of the Regeneration Campaign’s agenda was a less publicly acknowledged awareness that former Kachin soldiers were becoming a potentially volatile interest group and that there was increasing discontent across the Kachin Hills with regard to the administration, the military and the missions. The paper uses the concept of a sick role to describe the approach of the Regeneration Campaign to Kachin society and discusses how the rhetoric of the campaign became embedded in the sermons of the local Christian missions, justifying changes to women’s roles and more recently impacting upon early responses to the spread of HIV/AIDS in the region. It is the general belief of all who are acquainted with the Kachin Hills, that the Kachins are a dying race doomed shortly to disappear unless specific measures are taken to save them.
    [Show full text]
  • Title <Book Reviews>Mandy Sadan. 『Being and Becoming Kachin
    <Book Reviews>Mandy Sadan. 『Being and Becoming Title Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Borderworlds of Burma』 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, 470p. Author(s) Imamura, Masao Citation Southeast Asian Studies (2015), 4(1): 199-206 Issue Date 2015-04 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/197733 Right ©Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Book Reviews 199 Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Borderworlds of Burma MANDY SADAN Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, 470p. Over the past 15 years, Mandy Sadan has single-handedly launched new historical scholarship on the Kachin people. The Kachin, a group of highlanders who mostly reside in the northern region of Myanmar, had long been widely known among academics, thanks to Edmund Leach’s 1954 clas- sic Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure. The lack of access to Myanmar, however, has meant that until very recently scholarly discussions were often more about Leach and his theory than about the Kachin people themselves. Sadan, an English historian, has introduced an entirely new set of historical studies from a resolutely empirical perspective. The much-anticipated monograph, Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Border- worlds of Burma, brings together the fruits of her scholarship, including a surprisingly large amount of findings that have not been published before. This publication is certainly a cause for celebration, especially because it is rare that such a thick monograph exclusively focused on one ethnic minor- ity group is published at all nowadays.1) With this monograph, Sadan has again raised the standard of Kachin scholarship to a new level.
    [Show full text]
  • Korea and Vietnam: Limited War and the American Political System
    Korea and Vietnam: Limited War and the American Political System By Larry Elowitz A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1972 To Sharon ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express his very deep appreciation to Dr. John W. Spanier for his valuable advice on style and structure. His helpful suggestions were evident throughout the entire process of writing this dissertation. Without his able supervision, the ultimate completion of this work would have been ex- ceedingly difficult. The author would also like to thank his wife, Sharon, whose patience and understanding during the writing were of great comfort. Her "hovering presence," for the "second" time, proved to be a valuable spur to the author's research and writing. She too, has made the completion of this work possible. The constructive criticism and encouragement the author has received have undoubtedly improved the final product. Any shortcomings are, of course, the fault of the author. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES viii ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER 1 THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM AND LIMITED WAR 1 Introduction 1 American Attitudes 6 Analytical Framework 10 Variables and Their Implications 15 2 PROLOGUE--A COMPARISON OF THE STAKES IN THE KOREAN AND VIETNAM WARS 22 The External Stakes 22 The Two Wars: The Specific Stakes. 25 The Domino Theory 29 The Internal Stakes 32 The Loss of China Syndrome: The Domestic Legacy for the Korean and Vietnam Wars 32 The Internal Stakes and the Eruption of the Korean War 37 Vietnam Shall Not be Lost: The China Legacy Lingers 40 The Kennedy and Johnson Administra- tions: The Internal Stakes Persist .
    [Show full text]
  • Narratology and New Historicism in Keong Mas
    NARRATOLOGY AND NEW HISTORICISM IN KEONG MAS Retnowati1; Endang Ernawati2 1, 2English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University Jln. Kemanggisan Illir III No. 45, Palmerah, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The goal of this research was to know how the folktale Keong Mas was narrated based on Vladimir Propp’s Narratology (1968). Then the evidence in the story was compared to the historical evidence happening during the reign of the two dynasties in the Kediri Kingdom in the eleventh century using the theory of New Historicism. This research used a qualitative method which was based on library research. Furthermore, the research is to know that the work of literature is not always independent. It can be traced through the historical evidence in the folktale which becomes their clues. It is to inform the readers that a work of literature is actually the imitation, that is the reflection of the society. Keywords: elements of folktale, Propp’s narratology, new historicism, historical events INTRODUCTION Indonesian culture produces many kinds of the folktale. They are variously based on the tribes and the areas where the folktales come from. The characters in folktale would be the mirror of human life in the society (Hendra, 2013). Some of the folktales are now written, and some are translated into foreign languages such as English. The elements of folktale are generally part of the oral tradition of a group, more frequently told than read, passing down from one generation to another, taking on the characteristics of the time and place in which they are told, sometimes taking on the personality of the storyteller, speaking to universal and timeless themes, trying to make sense of our existence, helping humans cope with the world in which they live, or explaining the origin of something, often about the common person and may contain supernatural elements.
    [Show full text]
  • 42203-022: Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector
    Indigenous Peoples Plan Project Number: 42203-022 Grant Number: 0235-LAO January 2015 Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project Prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for the Asian Development Bank. This indigenous peoples plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the ‘term of use’ section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Annex-10 Ethnic Groups Development Plan Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject Lanten Ethnic Group in Luang Namtha Annex 10 Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project Feasibility Study on Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject, Long District, Luang Namtha Province TABLE OF CONTENTS Topics Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A10-1 A. Introduction A10-1 B. The Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject A10-1 C. Ethnic Groups in the Subproject Areas A10-2 D. Socio-Economic Status A10-2 a. Land Issues A10-2 b. Language Issues A10-3 c. Gender Issues A10-3 d. Social Health Issues A10-3 E. Potential Benefits and Negative Impacts of the Subproject A10-4 F. Consultation and Disclosure A10-5 G. Monitoring A10-5 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION A10-6 1.1 Objectives of the Ethnic Groups Development Plan A10-6 1.2 The Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project A10-6 (NRIDSP) 1.3 The Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject A10-6 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Reserve Command
    NAVAL RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS Military Science –1 (MS-1) COURSE ORIENTATION Training Regulation A. Introduction: The conduct of this training program is embodied under the provisions of RA 9163 and RA 7077 and the following regulations shall be implemented to all students enrolled in the Military Science Training to produce quality enlisted and officer reservists for the AFP Reserve Force. B. Attendance: 1. A minimum attendance of nine (9) training days or eighty percent (80%) of the total number of ROTC training days per semester shall be required to pass the course. 2. Absence from instructions maybe excuse for sickness, injury or other exceptional circumstances. 3. A cadet/ cadette (basic/advance) who incurs an unexcused absence of more than three (3) training days or twenty percent (20%) of the total number of training during the semester shall no longer be made to continue the course during the school year. 4. Three (3) consecutive absences will automatically drop the student from the course. C. Grading: 1. The school year which is divided into two (2) semesters must conform to the school calendar as practicable. 2. Cadets/ cadettes shall be given a final grade for every semester, such grade to be computed based on the following weights: a. Attendance - - - - - - - - - - 30 points b. Military Aptitude - - - - - 30 points c. Subject Proficiency - - - - 40 points 3. Subject proficiency is forty percent (40%) apportioned to the different subjects of a course depending on the relative importance of the subject and the number of hours devoted to it. It is the sum of the weighted grades of all subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • In Collaboration with CSTM/SCTM
    FEREN CON CE PROGRAM laboration with CSTM/ In col SCTM IC TM 2011 WE’RE PROUD TO WELCOME THE 41ST WORLD CONFERENCE OF ICTM to Memorial University and to St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. This is a unique corner of Canada, the only part that was once an independent country and then the newest Canadian province (since 1949) but one of the oldest meeting points for natives and new- comers in North America. With four Aboriginal cultures (Inuit, Innu, Mi’kmaq, Métis); deep French, English, Irish, and Scottish roots; and a rapidly diversifying contemporary society, our citizens have shared a dramatic history, including a tsunami, an occupation during WWII, a fragile dependence on the sea including a cod moratorium in recent decades, a key role in the events of 9/11, and more recently, an oil boom. Its nickname – The Rock – tells a lot about its spectacular geography but also about its resilient culture. Traditional music and dance are key ingredients in life here, as we hope you will learn in the week ahead. Our meetings will take place at Memorial University, shown in the foreground of the photo below, and in the Arts & Culture Centre just to the west of the campus. To celebrate the conference themes in music itself, and to bring the public in contact with the remarkable range of scholars and musicians in our midst, we have organized the SOUNDshift Festival to run concurrently with the World Conference of ICTM. Five concerts, open to delegates and the general public, workshops by ICTM members and musicians featured on the concerts, and films are available as part of this festival.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Situation of Children and Women in Kon Tum Province
    PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN 1 AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE AckNOWLEDGEMENTS This Situation Analysis was undertaken in 2013-2014 as part of the Social Policy and Governance Programme, under the framework of the Country Programme of Cooperation between the Government of Viet Nam and UNICEF in the period 2012-2016. This publication exemplifies the strong partnership between Kon Tum Province and UNICEF Viet Nam. The research was completed by a research team consisting of Edwin Shanks, Buon Krong Tuyet Nhung and Duong Quoc Hung with support from Vu Van Dam and Pham Ngoc Ha. Findings of the research were arrived at following intensive consultations with local stakeholders, during fieldwork in early 2013 and a consultation workshop in Kon Tum in July 2014. Inputs were received from experts from relevant provincial line departments, agencies and other organisations, including the People’s Council, the Provincial Communist Party, the Department of Planning and Investment, the Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, the Department of Education, the Department of Health, the Provincial Statistics Office, the Department of Finance, the Social Protection Centre, the Women’s Union, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Provincial Centre for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation, the Committee for Ethnic Minorities, Department of Justice. Finalization and editing of the report was conducted by the UNICEF Viet Nam Country Office.
    [Show full text]
  • The King's Nation: a Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand
    THE KING’S NATION: A STUDY OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN THAILAND Andreas Sturm Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science) 2006 UMI Number: U215429 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U215429 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis, submitted in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and entitled ‘The King’s Nation: A Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand’, represents my own work and has not been previously submitted to this or any other institution for any degree, diploma or other qualification. Andreas Sturm 2 VV Abstract This thesis presents an overview over the history of the concepts ofnation and nationalism in Thailand. Based on the ethno-symbolist approach to the study of nationalism, this thesis proposes to see the Thai nation as a result of a long process, reflecting the three-phases-model (ethnie , pre-modem and modem nation) for the potential development of a nation as outlined by Anthony Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • Guardia De Honor: Revitalization Within the Revolution
    GUARDIA DE HONOR: REVITALIZATION WITHIN THE REVOLUTION DAVID R. STURTEVANT ~· OUT OF THE STRIFE-TORN YEARS FROM 1892 TO 1902 emerged a series of contradictory social forces. The decade of discord in the Philippines-like similar upheavals elsewhere-produced intense, sometimes bitter, rivalries. Ilustrados and Katipuneros, Catholics and Aglipayans, Mani­ lefios and provincianos, landlords and tenants, regionalists and nationalists, pro- and anti-Americans, all contended for control of the truncated revolution. Because of their direct bearing on the development of contemporary Filipino nationalism, these factions have monopolized the attention of historians. Often overlooked in the evaluations of rival claims to leadership is a sub-plot of provincial protest which had little or no relevance to the nerve­ fraying drama in Manila, Kawit, and Malolos. While real and aspiring mem­ bers of the elite jockeyed for prominent positions in the center of the revo­ lutionary stage, and defiant young protagonists addressed themselves to the awesome tasks of nation building against the ominous backdrop of well-armed foreign troops disembarking in Manila Bay, rustic players acted out a far different scenario in remote barrios. The politically cognizant rallied to Agui­ naldo, Mabini, and the men of Malolos. But many villagers followed charis­ matic local leaders into a series of "New Jerusalem." The anarchistic goals of the religious rebels were antithetical to the objectives of their more sop­ histicated contemporaries. Spanish friars, Filipino nationalists, and American conquerors found little in common. They did, however, agree on one point: all of them dismissed the bucolic experiments as gross examples of bttndok· heresy, crude superstition, primitive fanaticism, or worse.
    [Show full text]