AACOICAO Operational Technical Forum Measures / Beirut, Works 19thhop of / NovemberMontreal, 20/21 2005 September 2006

Best Practices for Fuel Economy Presented by: Olivier HUSSE Senior Performance Engineer © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z z z beginning ofitsexistence Airbus isfullycommitted tofueleconomysincethe 1973: Firstenergycrisis 28 October1972:Maiden flightoftheA300 A permanent and omnipresent objective forAirbus 2 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Background     fuel economy Operators has permittedtoreachma available and modelling techniques, instrument Incorporation ofimprovements in Experience accumulated jointlybyAirbus, Suppliersand Dedicated effortsmadeby Airbus A permanentandomnipresent objectiveforAirbus – – – – in everyphaseofAircraftoperation in allpartsofAircraft in everyphaseofproductlife in allfieldsofactivity 3 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 technologies, methodologies turity inactually optimising ation, etc., asthey become © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  htaetepyisi prtos? inoperations arethephysics What SR = SFC a0 T T 0 M D L mg 4 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 Weight Aerodynamics Propulsion system © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Just thediligent application ofwe Best practicesforFuelEconomy notntl hr sn ai formula no magic is there Unfortunately Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  omxms uleooy h olwn srequired: is To maximisefueleconomy, thefollowing – – – – Good flightprocedures Good flightplanning engines maintained Well aircraft clean An aerodynamically 5 letbihdpractices &procedures established ll ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Weight andbalance „ „ Control andManagementComputer) Automatic centreofgravitymanagement throughFCMC(Fuel allowable range)increasesspecific range Aircraft loading:furtheraftCentre ofGravity(CG)position(within 6 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Weight andbalance „ „ Control andManagementComputer) Automatic centreofgravitymanagement throughFCMC(Fuel allowable range)increasesspecific range Aircraft loading:furtheraftCentre ofGravity(CG)position(within 7 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Weight andbalance „ „ „ Control andManagementComputer) Automatic centreofgravitymanagement throughFCMC(Fuel allowable range)increasesspecific range Aircraft loading:furtheraftCentre ofGravity(CG)position(within have thelowest possibleZFW. Avoid excessweight;eliminate unnecessaryweightinorderto 8 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential sector 1300 nmper A330-300 and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Weight andbalance fuel in Kg in fuel or weight Extra „ „ „ Control andManagementComputer) Automatic centreofgravitymanagement throughFCMC(Fuel allowable range)increasesspecific range Aircraft loading:furtheraftCentre ofGravity(CG)position(within have thelowest possibleZFW. Avoid excessweight;eliminate unnecessaryweightinorderto 005 49000 52 1000 0 624500 5650 26 6 500 100 Used (Kg) Used Fuel Extra in Kg ayear over used Fuel 9 6300 nm per sector 6300 nmper A340-500 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 fuel in Kg or weight Extra 0043147900 453 1000 0 2 73800 14694 226 45 500 100 Used (Kg) Used Fuel Extra in Kg ayear over used Fuel © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Quality Flight Planni Flight Quality „ „ „ piie ot ntrsoftrack,speedandaltitudes: interms Route Optimised SpeedsandFlight Levels: Optimised Data: Good Quality     criteria (fuel & time) & time) (fuel criteria criteria economic theoperators accordance with ae noeaoscs index cost onoperators based opin ihACrqieet n ihteoeaoseconomic theoperators andwith requirements ATC with Compliant inFMGS fly can that For aircraft arein that flightlevels onspeeds andcruise based Flight profiles we wind, aircraft Temperature, ng Systemfeatures: 10 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 ight, payload,f aae mode,useflight profiles managed uel uplift,etc © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – xml fotmsdrouting of optimised Example „ „ hscudsv upto30mnontheChina-Europe flights save This could : anewrouteinChinahasbeenopened. example As arecent directroutes. more tocreate enables Agencies Airworthiness local some negotiation, orviaIATA,with Bilateral 11 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Quality Flight Planni Flight Quality „ „ „ iiieAtraeFuel: Minimise Alternate Fuel: Minimise Contingency ageing andengine aircraft Caracterize      hnpossible when Monitoring» Performance Choose alternate airport close tothedestination airfield close airport alternate Choose procedure redispatch or airports alternate Use en-route Aircraft with to Grips «Getting see information For more fleet or number tail theindividual to appropriate Use factor monitoringprogram performance aircraft Conduct ng Systemfeatures: 12 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Quality Flight PlanningSystem Benefits: Flight Quality „ „ „ „ one oadextrafuel toadd need No - Aircrew have confidence in the flight plan - No surprises No haveconfidence intheflightplan- Aircrew planned) as (if flight flown achieved destinationgenerally offuelat Flight planprediction Flight Profiles Achievable minimised Fuel requirements  planning Minimise embarked/contingency f Minimise embarked/contingency 13 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 uel throughaccurateflight © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – – But… – So Airbus recommends to rectify these items quickly. items these torectify So Airbusrecommends fuel burn inhigher results flexibility MEL orCDLitems,this For some MEL, foranairline,provi 14 e lxblt inA/Coperations flexibility des ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z * Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation te iiain ih eipsdi h MLoeainlpartorCDL intheMMEL operational imposed be limitations might : other  Pre-flight procedures – MMEL examples* „ „ ael niievlebokdopen: blocked valve Nacelle anti-ice igat-c av lce open: valveblocked Wing anti-ice         0.5% onA330/RR 0.3% upto1.7%onA330/PW up to2%onA330/GE, A340/RR, engine 0.25% per up to5.5% onA330/RR. up to6%onA330/PW 1.5% onA330/GE, onA340/CFM, in fuelconsumption 2% increase 15 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z * Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation te iiain ih eipsdi h MLoeainlpartorCDL intheMMEL operational imposed be limitations might : other  Pre-flight procedures – – MMEL examples* CDL examples* „ „ „ „ ulat-rnfr nprtv : Fuel auto-transfertinoperative ere tails :2.1%forA340/RR Bearver Winglet :1.2%for anA340-500 Boomerang seal onaftpylonfairing:0.4%    from 2 to 3.7% for anA340-600. 2to3.7%for from anA340-500 1.7to3.2%for from 1% onA330, 16 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – rudEquipment andtheAPU: Ground „ „ „ availability andprice,onturn-around time…) Limit useofAPUwheneverpossible (dependingonGSE Keep passenger comfort in mind in comfort passenger Keep ATC with conjunction planningin careful uptimeneeds start APU andengine 17 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  Pre-flight procedures – Taxying: „ „ gate, etc from away redundancy, warmup&cool down times,problems weights,reduced andhigh taxiway slope uphill Consider airport config.(taxiways,runways, ramps,etc.) drawbacks tobeconsidered: operators mustbasetheirpolicyon Taxiing withone(2)engine(s) outsavesfuelbutsome 18 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – – – optrsdFlightPlan Computerised Altitude Take-off Acceleration Take-off Flap „ „ „ „ ep t a eur te lpsettings flap other require may flex temp, etc TOW,maximising asmaximising such priorities Other andbestflight fuel burn profile lowest give settingwill flap/slat Lowest rieaddsettechniques anddescent cruise andclimb, aspossible,stick toCFPflight levels As much optimise fuelconsumption will regulations by altituderequired The minimumacceleration 19 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation 1st Assigned FL  CI =0 In flightprocedures – Climb „ „ for timeimperatives,neitherto climbatveryslowlaws In general,itisnotprofitableto climbathigh-speedlawsexcept modes andcostindices Optimum climblawisdepending ontheAircraft,selected 20 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 CI CI =MAX TOC © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Climb „ „ for timeimperatives,neitherto climbatveryslowlaws In general,itisnotprofitableto climbathigh-speedlawsexcept modes andcostindices Optimum climblawisdepending ontheAircraft,selected 21 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise „ „ Fuel efficiencyduringcruisecan beoptimisedby Cruise isthemostimportantphase intermsoffuelsavings   Cruise withaneconomic speed Cruise withstepped climb 22 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise withsteppedclimb „ „ optimum. are performed to stayclosethe reduces Optimum altitude(fortimeand costs)increasesasweight When ATCallows them,stepclimbs PA

m 0 > m 1 > m 2 Given Mach SR 23 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise withsteppedclimb „ „ optimum. are performed to stayclosethe reduces Optimum altitude(fortimeand costs)increasesasweight When ATCallows them,stepclimbs PA

m 0 > m 1 > m 2 Given Mach SR 24 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Optimum FLFL370 Flight atFL330 with 500NM flightsegment Excess fuelburnfora Cruise withsteppedclimb „ Delaying climbtothenextstep shouldbeavoided 25 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise withaneconomicspeed „ „ (using FMS). When possible,itisrecommended toflyinmanagedmode flight leveland wind component. at theOptimum MachNumberasafunction of aircraftweight, Indeed, flyingat agivenCostIndexprovides thebenefitofflying C. I.= 26 Cost ofTime Cost of Fuel ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures Costs – Cruise withaneconomicspeed MMR MMR MMR MMR MMR MMR 27 ECON ECON ECON ECON LRC LRC LRC LRC ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 MMO MMO - - 0.02 0.02 MMO MMO C. I.= Cost ofFuel D.O.C. Cost ofTime Fixed costs -wind weight - altitude - : Given Cost ofTime Cost of Fuel Mach © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise withaneconomicspeed „ „ „ (however thetimepenaltyhas tobewatched) Lowest fuelconsumptionisobtained atthelowestcostindex wind, andcostindex(CI) Optimum cruisealtitudeandairspeed dependonAircraft,weight, accordingly FMS optimises theflightplan(including profile)  flight timebetween CI=0andCI=20. A330 atFL350,50kg offuelissa 28 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 ved for 10 minutes ofadditional ved for © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise withaneconomicspeed Time Decrement (%) Fuel Increment (%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 compared toCI=0 Δ compared toCI=0 Δ 02 04 06 08 0 150 100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 02 04 06 08 0 150 100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Trip fuel=f(CI) Trip time=f(CI) Cost Index (kg/min) Index Cost Cost Index (kg/min) Index Cost 29 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 •2000 Nm •ISA, nowind •TOW =73500kg •A320-232 Assumptions © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise optimization „ If ATC imposes MachNumber If ATCimposes given inFCOM and flyonselectedmode.Information andrecommendationsare  a step climb is worthwhile only a stepclimbisworthwhile PA

m 0 > m 1 30

> m ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 2 , crewcanonlyoptimisealtitude if thecruisetimeislongenough Given Mach SR © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Cruise optimization „ given inFCOM fly onselectedmode.Information andrecommendationsare If ATCimposesFlightLevel   evaluated... is recommended wind mustbein-depth flying atLRC 31 , crewcanonlyoptimisespeed and ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 ------1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

SR

f

f

b b

u u

r

.70 n

o

MMR .75 LRC LRC Given altitude M Constant .80 M Constant Mach © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsineveryphase ofoperation  In flightprocedures – Descent „ of aprematuredescent Fuel consumptionincreasessignificant    TOD top ofdescent(TOD) the longerdescent distance,thegrea The lowerthecost index, thelower Descent performancedependsonA/ The FMS computes theTOD as CI =0 point, thelower thefuel consumption 32 CI increase CI afunction ofcostindex ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 C, weightandcostindex ly withairspeedandalsoincase speed, thelesssteep ter thedescentti me, theearlier CI MAX thedescentpath, © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsineveryphase ofoperation  In flightprocedures – Descent „ From FL350 33 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – increase fuel consumption limited expense ofavery in speedat the increase allows a significant Actually, Green Dotspeed Holding „ speed, itprovidesingeneral clean configuration;beingapproximately thebestlifttodragratio Green dotspeedistheoneor 2engineoutoperatingspeedin 34 the lowestfuelconsumption ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Holding „ speed, itprovidesingeneral clean configuration;beingapproximately thebestlifttodragratio Green dotspeedistheoneor 2engineoutoperatingspeedin  advised tohold atalowersp Green DotSpeedmaynotbeappropriate atsomeairports.itisthen 35 the lowestfuelconsumption ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 eed, orin FLAP1atSspeed © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Increase offuel • Speed Dot Green • •FLAP 0 Assumptions percent flow (kg/h)in Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Holding „ speed, itprovidesingeneral clean configuration;beingapproximately thebestlifttodragratio Green dotspeedistheoneor 2engineoutoperatingspeedin  imposed byATC There isanoptimum holding altit 36 the lowestfuelconsumption ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 ude, but holding altitudes are often ude, butholdingaltitudesare © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z are necessary 10 minuteholding that fix reaching minutes before 15 If ATCinforms Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Holding „ speed, itprovidesingeneral clean configuration;beingapproximately thebestlifttodragratio Green dotspeedistheoneor 2engineoutoperatingspeedin  speed should beconsidered optimization Holding 15 minutes togo Green DotSpeed : linear holding at cruise level andatgreendot holdingatcruiselevel : linear 37 the lowestfuelconsumption ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 oda i uig10 minutes during fix at hold tofix, CRZ speed,cruise Maintain fix Dot Speed Green CRZspeed to Reduce riet i,hl at tofix, hold , cruise © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Holding „ speed, itprovidesingeneral clean configuration;beingapproximately thebestlifttodragratio Green dotspeedistheoneor 2engineoutoperatingspeedin  speed should beconsidered optimization Holding : linear holding at cruise level andatgreendot holdingatcruiselevel : linear 38 the lowestfuelconsumption ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Approach: „ „ „ „ „ philosophy approach However, donot compromisethestabilised fuel saves downwind from Visual approach fuel saves approach descent A continuous selection Delay gear incleanconfigurationaslong aspossible Keep 39 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Dedicated effortsinevery phaseofoperation  In flightprocedures – Landing Flap: „ „ cooling, noCat2or3landings, etc surface conditions,tailwind,brake time, runway occupancy length,exitpoint, runway consider However fuel save will setting flap The lower 40 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Additional opportunities     of thecontinuedairworthiness flighttests reduce thegroundandflighttest time means (software,laboratory, simulators), increasedsystemreliability, processes, ofvirtualmock-ups, moresophisticatedsimulationtesting Aircraft familyconcept,extensive useofconcurrentengineering allows to flynearerthe optimumaltitude forfuelburn RVSM (Reduced VerticalSeparationMi Maximised load factors,withoptimisedaircraft /routecombinations FMS improvements andbadweatherdetection improvements – replaced by simulator sessions replaced bysimulator CCQ/MFF allowsshorttransition traini 41 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 , thenumberofferryflights,some ng for crewandtrainingflightscanbe ng for nima) inEurope sinceJan.2002 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Best practicesforFuelEconomy Fuel Efficiency Fuel z Other considerations   services todemandforanefficient passenger&cargoairtransport finances, passengers)required toefficientlymatchsupplyairtransport Collaborative efforts(manufacturers, operators,airports,authorities, reduction. currently inprogress,relative to fuelconsumptionandemissions activities, In thedesignfield,Airbusisinvolved inconsiderableresearch 42 ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 © AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Fuel Efficiency Fuel explain the basis thereof. thebasis explain AIRB arenotshown, statements forthese grounds thesupporting faith. Where good in expressed are and assumptions mentioned are onthe based donot madeherein statements The thant other used foranypurpose docum of AIRBUSS.A.S.This toa third partywithoutdisclosed s its content.Thisdocument granted by deliveryofthis the property ofAIRBUSS.A.S. No is thesole This herein document contained and all information 43 ent and its content shall not be not its contentshall and ent document or the disclosure of document orthedisclosure intellectual are intellectual property rights hall not be hall notbe reproduced or US S.A.S. will be pleased toUS S.A.S. bepleased will the express written consent theexpresswritten hat for which itissupplied. hat forwhich ICAOOperational Measures Workshop /Montreal,September20/21 2006 constitute anoffer.They