USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) PROJECT Annual Report PY 4
October 1st, 2018 – September 30th, 2019
CONTRACT NO: AID-497-C-16-00003
This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI. USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) PROJECT Annual Report PY 4
October 1st, 2018 – September 30th, 2019
Program Title: USAID Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan (APIK) Project
Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Indonesia Office of Environment Contract Number: AID-497-C-16-00003 Contractor: DAI
Date of Publication: October 2019 Author: DAI
Cover photo: © USAID APIK, East Java Team Community group in Kepetingan Hamlet, Sawohan Village in Sidoarjo District is planting mangrove seedlings to protect their coastal area with funding support from the Marine and Fishery Agency of East Java
The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | II COVER STORY Policy into Action, Enhancing Government and Community Resilience
USAID through its Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan (APIK) project works to integrate climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction in government planning, budgeting, and operations so that it can provide benefit to communities that live under the threats of climate impacts. In the process, USAID APIK has completed a series of climate risk and vulnerability assessments in East Java, Southeast Sulawesi, and Maluku Province from the landscape level down to the village level. These assessments serve as a tool for the government to formulate their development plans. As a result of intensive technical assistance and supports provided to local government, USAID APIK has contributed to 150 policies, regulations and planning documents that now include climate resilience. But, it is important to recognize that just influencing policies and plans alone does not build resilience. It is essential these policies and plans lead to real action on the ground and provides real benefit to communities. Ensuring this happens this continues to be a focus for APIK. At the national level, APIK through the National Adaptation Plan (RAN-API) Secretariat in partnership with the Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) has successfully integrated climate resilience to the new National Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020-2024. As stated in the National Priority 6, the RPJMN focuses on enhancing development through addressing environment, disaster resilience, and climate impact. The RAN API revision with its scientific-based research and cost/benefit assessments led by APIK were an essential input for the RPJMN. As a result, $2.4 billion has been allocated to climate resilience work in the four sectors of Agriculture, water, coastal/marine and health. APIK is now working with government on the detailed annual plan (RKP) which will translate this into concrete activities across the country. In its working areas, APIK continues the effort to mainstream climate adaptation in regional development planning and budgeting. On January 21st, 2019, after a long period of intense assistance to Southeast Sulawesi Province, the governor, Ali Mazi, signed and legalized five drafts of the provincial regulation (Perda) including the regulation on climate adaptation (Perda API). This regulation enables the provincial government to develop and implement proper climate adaptation action plans using a scientific basis including vulnerability assessments modeled on the APIK approach. APIK also supported the provincial government in integrating the climate risk and vulnerability assessment and resilience action plan to the mid-term development plan (RPJMD). Within the vision, mission, and targets of Southeast Sulawesi RPJMD, it states that the province will conduct program and activities in order to reduce negative climate impacts. Following this, APIK also supported the local government agencies on integration of climate and disaster resilience into their strategic plan (Renstra). The Southeast Sulawesi Provincial RPJMD 2018-2023 allocated around IDR 57,090,708,800 (approx. USD 4,308,732) for Provincial regulation on climate adaptation is disseminated to key stakeholders in Southeast Sulawesi programs related to climate and disaster resilience. For example, the Southeast Sulawesi Province Forestry Agency allocated IDR 2,057,000,000 (approx. USD 155,245) in 2020 for mangrove rehabilitation in the coastal area. Also, the provincial Environmental Agency allocated IDR 200,000,000 (approx. USD 15,094) to support climate kampong program that encourages climate adaptation actions in the community.
III | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV At the city/district level, Central Maluku District in Maluku Province provides a good example of policy to action. The RPJMD of Central Maluku included climate and disaster risk management as one of the main priorities. In total the district allocated IDR 361,338,982,772 (approx. USD 27,270,865) for climate impact and disaster management for the 2017 – 2022 period. USD 5,760,932 of this is specifically allocated for climate adaptation and mitigation activities. In the previous RPJMD for this district there was no allocation of funds for climate resilience. This five-year budget Stakeholders meeting in Central Maluku to discuss adaptation strategies has been translated to the annual budgets to be operationalized by the government agencies. For example, the Central Maluku Public Work and Settlements Agency has allocated IDR 2,453,449,000 (approx. USD 185,186) for two villages where APIK is working, specifically, a sea wall in Ameth and wave breaker in Siri-Sori Islam since these areas experience significant coastal erosion as highlighted in the APIK vulnerability assessment. From that amount, IDR 293,545,000 (approx. USD 22,254) has been used for the wave breaker construction this year, while the sea wall construction will begin later
in 2019. At the village level, the administration of Sumberagung Village, Malang District, East Java allocated IDR 9,310,000 (approx. USD 703) for disaster preparedness training and installations of evacuation signs in 25 locations. They also allocated IDR 50,739,000 (approx. USD 3,829) for rainwater harvesting tanks to reduce their vulnerability towards drought. "Since the evacuation signs were installed and there was preparedness training held in the village, I now understand what to do and where to go during Rainwater harvesting unit in Sumberagung, funded by village budget extreme rainfall when there is an increased risk of landslides," said Mrs. Suprihani, a farmer in Sumberagung Village. Kepetingan Hamlet, Sawohan Village in Sidoarjo District, East Java is prone to tidal waves and coastal erosion as evidenced in the vulnerability assessment. In order to put the action plan into real implementation, the APIK team has successfully assisted the village government to obtain funding from the Marine and Fisheries Agency of East Java Province to allocate IDR 75,000,000 (approx. USD 5,660) for providing mangrove seedlings. The local community group planted these mangroves in June 2019. This budget support from the province has helped the village to protect their coastal ecosystem and be more resilient. These examples show that the government of Indonesia recognizes the importance of investing in climate and disaster resilience and is willing to allocate significant resources. In this regard, an important role of APIK has been to help the government with scientific assessments and prioritization so the funds are allocated appropriately and in a timely manner. As a result of all of APIK’s efforts at national and regional level there are now funds allocated for climate resilience across the country for at least the next five years and also the capacity within government to utilize these funds for meaningful action on the ground. This helps Indonesia on its journey to self-reliance and sustainably builds resilience for vulnerable communities.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | IV TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER STORY ...... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... V LIST OF TABLES ...... VIII LIST OF EXHIBITS ...... IX LIST OF ANNEXES ...... X LIST OF ACRONYMS ...... XI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... XIII RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF ...... XVI SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 REPORT OBJECTIVE ...... 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 1 APPROACH ...... 2 WORKING AREA ...... 2 TASK STRUCTURE ...... 3 ANNUAL REPORT LAYOUT ...... 5 SECTION 2: NATIONAL LEVEL ...... 6 PY4 HIGHLIGHTS ...... 6 OVERVIEW...... 7 SUMMARY OF FOCUS AREAS AND ACTIVITIES ...... 7 RAN API AND INPUT FOR THE NATIONAL MID-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN (RPJMN) 2020 – 2024 ...... 7 LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE ...... 8 ENGAGING MINISTRY OF VILLAGES, DEVELOPMENT OF DISADVANTAGED REGIONS, AND TRANSMIGRATION (KEMENDESA) ...... 9 UPGRADING THE INDONESIAN DISASTER RISK INDEX ...... 10 PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL EVENTS ...... 10 SUPPORT TO BMKG IN COLLABORATION WITH THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NCAR) FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO ...... 11 SOCIALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECTS TO BE FUNDED BY GREEN CLIMATE FUND ...... 12 SECTION 3: SUB-NATIONAL LEVEL ...... 13 PY4 HIGHLIGHTS ...... 13 OVERVIEW...... 14 WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ...... 14 1. East Java ...... 16 REGIONAL PROFILE ...... 16
V | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV OVERVIEW...... 16 EAST JAVA PY4 ACTIVITY OVERVIEW ...... 20 BUILDING LOCAL RESILIENCE THROUGH CLIMATE ADAPTATION LOCAL ACTION PLANS ...... 20 INTEGRATING CLIMATE AND DISASTER RESILIENCE INTO VILLAGE FUNDS ...... 21 IMPROVING PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS’ CAPACITY IN CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND DISASTERS MANAGEMENT ...... 22 BUILDING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE ...... 22 BUILDING DISASTER RESILIENCE FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS ...... 23 ENGAGING THE PRIVATE SECTOR ...... 24 STRENGTHENING CLIMATE INFORMATION USE IN DENGUE FEVER REDUCTION ...... 25 STRENGTHENING GIS AND MAPPING CAPACITY...... 26 COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENT AND PROJECT SITE VISITS ...... 27 2. Southeast Sulawesi ...... 29 REGIONAL PROFILE ...... 29 OVERVIEW...... 29 SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PY4 ACTIVITY OVERVIEW ...... 33 INTEGRATION OF CLIMATE IMPACT AND DISASTER REDUCTION INTO REGIONAL PLANS AND REGULATIONS ...... 33 ENHANCING SPATIAL DATA FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPACITY ...... 34 SUPPORTING GOVERNMENT PRIORITY PROGRAMS ...... 35 ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH TO REDUCING FLOOD RISK ...... 36 STRENGTHENING USAID APIK PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT ...... 37 IMPROVING SEAWEED FARMERS CLIMATE RESILIENCE ...... 38 3. Maluku ...... 39 REGIONAL PROFILE ...... 39 OVERVIEW...... 39 MALUKU PY4 ACTIVITY OVERVIEW ...... 43 BUILDING LOCAL RESILIENCE THROUGH CLIMATE ADAPTATION PLANNING ...... 43 TRANS-BOUNDARY COOPERATION ...... 44 FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN RIVER BASINS ...... 45 DEVELOPING INCLUSIVE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ...... 46 COLLABORATING WITH GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES AND EVENTS ...... 47 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT (VA) ...... 47 IMPROVING LOCAL CAPACITY IN GIS AND SPATIAL MAPPING ...... 48 STRENGTHENING COORDINATION THROUGH USAID VISIT AND COURTESY MEETING ...... 49 SECTION 4: CROSS-CUTTING...... 51
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | VI SUMMARY ...... 51 PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT ...... 51 ESTABLISH AND LEVERAGE PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS TO STRENGTHEN LOCAL RESILIENCE ...... 51 BUSINESS PERCEPTION SURVEY 2019 ...... 52 SOUTHEAST SULAWESI ...... 54 EAST JAVA ...... 55 MALUKU ...... 56 NEXT STEPS AND PARTNERSHIP STATUS ...... 56 RESILIENCE FUND ...... 57 PY4 RECAP ...... 57 GENDER MAINSTREAMING ...... 59 INTEGRATING GENDER INTO GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND BUDGETING...... 59 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ...... 60 ENGAGEMENT WITH COLOMBO PLAN SECRETARIAT AND GOI ...... 61 VOICES FROM THE FIELD: APIK’S WOMEN CHAMPIONS ...... 61 COMMUNICATION, OUTREACH, AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ...... 62 SOCIAL MEDIA AND WEBSITE ...... 65 COURTESY VISIT ...... 68 MEDIA ENGAGEMENT ...... 68 APIK MEDIA DISCUSSION ...... 69 SECTION 5: MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGE (MSC) ...... 70 STORY COLLECTION AND MSC SELECTION IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI ...... 70 MSC ANALYSIS IN JAKARTA ...... 72 1. IMPROVED CAPACITY (ADAPTIVE CAPACITY) ...... 72 2. INTEGRATION OF CCA-DRR INTO POLICIES (ENABLING ENVIRONMENT) ...... 72 3. ADAPTATION ACTION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL (ACTION TAKEN) ...... 73 SECTION 6: CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING THIS REPORTING PERIOD 75 SECTION 7: PERFORMANCE MONITORING ...... 76 PERFORMANCE MONITORING ...... 77 INDICATOR RESULT ...... 77
VII | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Status of the Engagement with Companies in PY4 ...... 56 Table 2: Resilience Fund Activities - Grants ...... 58 Table 3: Resilience Fund Activities - Subcontract ...... 59 Table 4: Government Document Plan with Gender Budget Statement...... 59 Table 5: External Publications in PY4 ...... 62 Table 6: Communication Materials Developed in PY4 ...... 63 Table 7: Social Media Channels Information ...... 65 Table 8: Challenges, Impact and Action Taken ...... 75 Table 9: High Level Results ...... 78 Table 10: Task Level Results ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | VIII LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1: Place-Based Resilience ...... 2 Exhibit 2: APIK Geographic Working Areas ...... 3 Exhibit 3: Map Detailing Activities in East Java Province ...... 17 Exhibit 4: Map Detailing Activities in Upper Brantas ...... 18 Exhibit 5: Map Detailing Activities in Lower Brantas ...... 19 Exhibit 6: Map Detailing Activities in Southeast Sulawesi Province ...... 30 Exhibit 7: Map Detailing Activities in Kendari City ...... 31 Exhibit 8: Map Detailing Activities in South Konawe District ...... 32 Exhibit 9: Map Detailing Activities in Maluku Province...... 40 Exhibit 10: Map Detailing Activities in Ambon City and Lease Islands ...... 41 Exhibit 11: Map Detailing Activities in Aru Islands ...... 42 Exhibit 12: Summary of APIK Private Sector Engagement in PY4 ...... 51 Exhibit 13: Changes in Knowledge about Climate Change...... 52 Exhibit 14: Changes in Awareness on the Impact of Climate Change to Business...... 52 Exhibit 15: Changes in Company Readiness and Availability of Climate Adaptation Strategy ...... 53 Exhibit 16: Changes in Mitigation and/or Adaptation Actions Implemented by Company ...... 53 Exhibit 17: APIK Collaboration with KKI ...... 54 Exhibit 18: APIK Collaboration with YSMB ...... 55 Exhibit 19: Social Media Progress throughout PY4 ...... 66 Exhibit 20: APIK Website Analytics PY4 Compared with PY3 ...... 67 Exhibit 21: APIK Result Framework ...... 76 Exhibit 22: Graph Representation of HLR Achievement to Date Against the LOP Targets ...... 77
IX | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex A National Level Activities PY4 Annex B East Java Province Activities PY4 Annex C East Java Province Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation (RAD API)
Annex D Mojokerto District Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation (RAD API) Annex E Southeast Sulawesi Province Activities PY4 Annex F Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS) for RPJMD Southeast Sulawesi
Annex G Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHAS) for Coastal and Small Islands Zoning Plan (RZWP3K)
Annex H Maluku Province Activities PY4 Annex I Maluku Province Action Plan on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (RAD- MAPI) Annex J Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS) for RPJMD Maluku Annex K Media Coverage PY4
Annex L Most Significant Change (MSC) Report Annex M Most Significant Change Selected Stories
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | X LIST OF ACRONYMS
APIK Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience APEKSI Asosiasi Pemerintah Kota Seluruh Indonesia Association of City Governments APKASI Asosiasi Pemerintah Kabupaten Seluruh Indonesia Association of District Governments BAPPEDA Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Regional Development Planning Agency BAPPENAS Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional National Development Planning Agency BMKG Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency BNPB Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana National Disaster Management Agency BPBD Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Local Disaster Management Agency CCA Climate Change Adaptation COKM Communications, Outreach, Knowledge Management CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CWIS Climate and Weather Information Services DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EWS Early Warning System FGD Focus Group Discussion FY Financial Year GIS Geographic Information System GOI The Government of Indonesia HIPPAM Himpunan Penduduk Pemakai Air Minum Community Water User Association KADIN Kamar Dagang dan Industri Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Kemendes Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Dearah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration KKP Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries KLHK Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Ministry of Environment and Forestry LPPM UHO Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Halu Oleo Research and Community Service Institution University of Halu Oleo IUWASH PLUS Indonesia Urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene PLUS M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MoU Memorandum of Understanding NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NGO Non-Government Organization OPD Organisasi Perangkat Daerah
XI | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Local Government Working Unit P3GI Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia Indonesian Sugar Research Institute PDAM Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Water Utility Company PIC Person in Charge PIRS Performance Indicator Reference Sheet Pokja Kelompok Kerja Working Group PPRN Paguyuban Peternak Rakyat Nasional National Layer Smallholders Group PY Project Year QPR Quarterly Progress Report PSE Private Sector Engagement RAN API Rencana Aksi Nasional Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation RCCC UI Research Center of Climate Change University of Indonesia RPJMD Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Local Medium Term Development Plan SCOPI Sustainable Coffee Platform Indonesia SIDIK Sistem Informasi Data Indeks Kerentanan Vulnerability Index Data Information System USAID United States Agency for International Development USG United States Government VA Vulnerability Assessment
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | XII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PY4 was a very productive year of implementation for the APIK project at national and regional level. There was significant progress on working with government to integrate climate resilience into planning and budgeting, traction on landscape based activities between cities and districts as well as activities at the community level to improve local resilience in every target province.
Regarding policy level work APIK supported the new RPJMN (National Mid-Term Development Plan) 2020-2024 which is the development roadmap for Indonesia for the next five years. APIK was an integral part of climate adaptation being included as National Priority 6 in the plan. This is the first time climate change has been included as a priority and as a result the Government of Indonesia as allocated the equivalent of $2.4 billion to climate resilience work in the four sectors of agriculture, water, coastal / marine and health. APIK is now working with Bappenas on the national annual government work plan (RKP) which flows down from the RPJMN. APIK also continued to work with the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration (Kemendesa) on preparing guidelines to help village administrations allocate resources to climate and disaster resilience using the village fund mechanism. At sub-national level in all regions APIK continued to have success at integrating climate resilience into provincial, city, district and village development plans influencing an additional 69 planning documents during PY4. As a result, considerable resources are now budgeted for climate resilience for example: approximately $27 million over the next five years in Central Maluku District and approximately $4.3 million for the local disaster management agency in Southeast Sulawesi. In addition, the vulnerability assessment for Aru Islands District was completed and the resulting recommended actions have subsequently been included into local government planning.
APIK is continuing to support government priority initiatives such as the Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) with the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). This index is an important tool for measuring vulnerability to multiple risks across all of Indonesia, however, until now climate change was not included. APIK is working with BNPB to upgrade the tool to include climate change. Indonesia values its role in the Conference of Parties (COP) as a leader among developing / middle-income countries with regard to climate change. An APIK representative supported the Indonesia delegation to COP 24 in Katowice, Poland during PY4. The cost of participation was fully covered by the Indonesian Government.
Access to improved climate and weather information services is a major priority for APIK. During PY4 weather forecast displays were installed in three villages in the Lease Islands of Maluku allowing fisherfolk to be able to access 3-day weather forecasts and determine when it is safe to go to sea and additional early warning systems for flooding were installed in Malang District of East Java. in addition, APIK continued to support BMKG in partnership with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) from the University of Colorado. During PY4 NCAR specialists visited Indonesia and provided training to BMKG staff in statistical verification tools for seasonal forecasting and also thunderstorm forecasting.
In partnership with the Ministry of Finance Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF), APIK facilitated training on the Green Climate Fund in East Java. In addition, representatives from Bappeda Maluku attended a second training in West Papua. The APIK team replicated the training for local government in Southeast
XIII | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Sulawesi. The Green Climate Fund is mandated to support adaptation projects but to date there have been no successful awards for adaptation in Indonesia. With APIK support East Java and Maluku submitted concept notes for community based climate adaptation and mangrove reforestation respectively and these concept notes have been approved for preparation of a full proposal. APIK sees this as an important source of funding to continue to support adaptation efforts in Indonesia after the APIK project ends. A concept note for Southeast Sulawesi is planned for submission in Q1 PY5.
During PY4 APIK accelerated work in the water resource management sector. The water vulnerability assessment (KKMA) for springs in the Upper Brantas area of East Java was completed in partnership with USAID IUWASH PLUS and infiltration wells to improve ground water recharge and reduce flooding were constructed in multiple locations in Batu City, Malang District and Malang City. In addition, APIK worked on improved water access in Malang District through well protection and installing piped systems and also in Mojokerto District through strengthening the community water user association (HIPPAM) and improving upstream ground water recharge. To allow the project to better capture results with regards to water resource management activities two new sub-indicators were added to the M&E plan during PY4. These indicators focus on people gaining access to basic drinking water services and also those people benefiting from the adoption and implementation of measures to improve water resource management. APIK reports against these indicators in the performance management section of this report.
Education on climate and disaster risk is an important component of the project and during PY4 multiple training sessions were held in schools and universities and also including schools for people with disabilities. These groups are often the most vulnerable when a disaster occurs so raising their awareness of risks and how to act in the event of a disaster are important for building resilience.
Landscape level activities and trans-boundary cooperation between cities and districts have accelerated in PY4. In Maluku the provincial government held a workshop for all cities and districts to come together and plan broader landscape based approaches based on the island cluster system – priorities included disaster risk management and impact on transportation, tourism, water resources and access to basic services. As a result, districts and cities have committed to work more closely together within the island clusters. In Southeast Sulawesi the government has committed to signing an MOU to better manage the Wanggu Watershed in South Konawe District and Kendari City as a result of APIK advocacy.
Open Street Map (OSM) is an open source, free and easy to use mapping technology. During PY4 APIK provided training on OSM in all three regions and also national level on how to use this system and the benefits. Through OSM communities and local government can map out and provide real time spatial information on natural disasters or areas vulnerable to the impact of climate change. This information can be uploaded by anyone and then goes through a brief verification process before going live. People in all three regions have been active in uploading to the site which can be accessed by anyone. This is now also recognized and being used by KLHK and BNPB. An example can be seen at https://openstreetmap.id/apik-jatim/.
Activities with the private sector continue to be a priority for the project. During PY4 APIK continued collaboration with Cargill and the climate smart chicken sheds in Blitar, East Java were constructed These chicken sheds will serve as a model for farmers to see the benefit of climate smart construction on egg production and also as a training center. With PT Multi Bintang (through Yaysan Sahabat Multi Bintang) in Mojokerto East Java work has now started on reforestation in the upstream watershed as
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | XIV well as improved water supply systems and planning for eco-tourism. With Pertamina in Southeast Sulawesi the waste bank was constructed in Kampung Salo which is now improving waste management in the village as well as providing additional income for the village disaster preparedness team. Additionally, in Southeast Sulawesi the climate smart corn production has been replicated extensively with 85 farmers adopting the new approach on approximately 170 hectares of land. The total economic value of these private sector partnerships is estimated to be over $9.3 million.
Through gender budget mapping with local government in the three APIK regions resources were made available for resilience building activities that target women such as climate field schools specifically targeting women, training for women’s groups and support to women farmers.
The APIK communication team have continued with outreach to local media in PY 4 and APIK initiatives were covered by the media 128 times during PY4. In addition the number of people accessing information on the APIK website (www.apikindonesia.or.id) has increased significantly.
APIK has surpassed targets for five out of the six high level results (HLR) for the project with only HLR 1 still below target at (68.8%). Given the recent funding cut to the APIK project resulting in an early close to activities the project is unfortunately unlikely to achieve this target with an estimate that approximately 1,000 more people will be trained during the remainder of the project.
XV | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF
Tahun keempat menjadi tahun yang produktif dalam pelaksanaan proyek APIK baik di tingkat nasional maupun di tingkat regional. Ada kemajuan yang signifikan dalam hal kerja sama dengan pemerintah untuk mengintegrasikan ketangguhan iklim ke dalam perencanaan dan penganggaran aktivitas berbasis lanskap antar kota dan kabupaten, begitu juga dengan aktivitas di tingkat komunitas untuk membangun ketangguhan lokal.
Terkait dengan pekerjaan kebijakan, APIK mendukung Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2020-2024 yang baru, yaitu penyusunan peta jalan bagi Indonesia untuk lima tahun ke depan. Peran APIK tidak bisa dipisahkan dari disertakannya adaptasi perubahan iklim dalam Prioritas Nasional 6. Ini pertama kalinya isu perubahan iklim dimasukkan sebagai prioritas dan berbuah pada anggaran Pemerintah Indonesia sebesar $2.4 milyar untuk membangun ketangguhan iklim di empat sektor meliputi pertanian, air, pesisir/perikanan, dan kesehatan. Saat ini APIK bekerja sama dengan Bappenas untuk membahas rencana kerja pemerintah (RKP) yang menjadi turunan dari RPJMN. APIK juga meneruskan kolaborasi dengan Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi (Kemendesa) dalam penyiapan panduan untuk membantu pemerintah desa dalam mengalokasikan anggaran program terkait ketangguhan iklim dan bencana menggunakan mekanisme dana desa. Di tingkat sub-nasional, seluruh wilayah APIK terus melanjutkan kesuksesannya dalam mengarusutamakan ketangguhan iklim ke dalam rencana pembangunan provinsi, kota/kabupaten, dan desa, serta berkontribusi pada 69 dokumen kebijakan tambahan selama tahun keempat proyek. Hasilnya, anggaran yang cukup besar dialokasikan untuk ketangguhan iklim, contohnya: sekitar $27 juta dalam lima tahun ke depan di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah dan sekitar $4,3 juta untuk Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah di Sulawesi Tenggara. Sebagai tambahan, kajian kerentanan Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru telah selesai dan menghasilkan rekomendasi aksi-aksi yang telah diikutsertakan ke dalam rencana pemerintah setempat.
APIK terus melanjutkan dukungannya pada inisiatif-inisiatif pemerintah yang menjadi prioritas seperti Indeks Risiko Bencana Indonesia (IRBI) milik Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). Indeks ini merupakan alat bantu yang sangat penting untuk mengukur ketangguhan terhadap berbagai risiko di seluruh Indonesia. Meski demikian, sampai saat ini unsur perubahan iklim belum diikutsertakan. APIK bekerja sama dengan BNPB untuk meningkatkan kinerja alat bantu tersebut agar dapat memasukkan unsur perubahan iklim. Di sisi lain, Indonesia menunjukkan perannya dalam Conference of Parties (COP) sebagai salah satu yang terdepan di antara negara-negara berkembang terkait dengan perubahan iklim. Perwakilan dari APIK turut ambil bagian mendukung delegasi Indonesia dalam COP 24 di Katowice, Polandia di tahun keempat proyek. Pemerintah Indonesia membiayai penuh biaya partisipasi perwakilan APIK dalam kegiatan tersebut.
Akses untuk meningkatkan layanan informasi cuaca dan iklim menjadi prioritas utama bagi APIK. Selama tahun keempat, layar informasi ramalan cuaca telah dipasang di tiga desa di Kepulauan Lease, Maluku, sehingga membantu para nelayan untuk mengakses ramalan cuaca tiga hari ke depan dan mengambil keputusan terkait keamanan untuk melaut. Sistem peringatan dini tambahan untuk banjir juga telah dipasang di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Sebagai tambahan, APIK terus mendukung BMKG dengan menggandeng National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) dari Universitas Colorado. Pada tahun keempat, para ahli dari NCAR mengunjungi Indonesia dan memberi pelatihan pada para staf BMKG tentang alat verifikasi statistik untuk peramalan cuaca dan juga teknik peramalan hujan badai.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | XVI
Bekerja sama dengan Badan Kebijakan Fiskal (BKF), Kementerian Keuangan, APIK memfasilitasi pelatihan tentang Green Climate Fund (GCF) di Jawa Timur. Perwakilan dari Bappeda Maluku menghadiri pelatihan kedua yang diadakan di Papua Barat. Tim APIK kemudian mereplikasi pelatihan ini untuk pemerintah Sulawesi Tenggara. GCF dimandatkan untuk mendukung aksi adaptasi, tapi sampai saat ini belum ada pendanaan yang sukses untuk aksi adaptasi di Indonesia. APIK mendukung Jawa Timur mengajukan naskah konsep untuk adaptasi perubahan iklim berbasis masyarakat, begitu juga dengan Maluku untuk reforestasi bakau (mangrove). Kedua naskah konsep ini telah disetujui untuk dilanjutkan ke tahap proposal. APIK memandang peluang ini sebagai sumber pendanaan yang potensial untuk melanjutkan upaya adaptasi di Indonesia setelah proyek APIK selesai. Naskah konsep untuk Sulawesi Tenggara sedang disiapkan untuk diajukan pada kuartal satu tahun kelima (Q1PY5).
Di tahun keempat ini, APIK menunjukkan progres pekerjaan di sektor manajemen sumber daya air. Kajian Kerentanan Mata Air (KKMA) di Hulu Brantas, Jawa Timur, telah diselesaikan bersama dengan USAID IUWASH PLUS. Sumur resapan untuk meningkatkan cadangan air tanah dan mengurangi risiko banjir telah dibangun di beberapa lokasi di Kota Batu, Kabupaten Malang, dan Kota Malang. Sebagai tambahan, APIK juga berupaya meningkatkan akses terhadap air di Kabupaten Malang melalui perlindungan sumur dan pemasangan sistem perpipaan, serta di Kabupaten Mojokerto melalui penguatan HIPPAM (himpunan penduduk pemakai air minum) dan peningkatan cadangan air tanah di hulu. Dua sub-indikator baru untuk menangkap hasil terkait aktivitas pengelolaan sumber daya air telah ditambahkan ke rencana monitoring dan evaluasi proyek di tahun keempat ini. Indikator-indikator ini fokus pada masyarakat yang mendapat akses ke layanan air minum dan juga masyarakat yang menerima manfaat dari peningkatan pengelolaan sumber daya air. Penjelasan APIK mengenai indikator ini tersedia pada bagian performance management di laporan ini.
Pendidikan akan risiko iklim dan bencana merupakan komponen yang tidak kalah penting dari proyek APIK. Selama tahun keempat proyek berjalan, berbagai pelatihan telah diadakan di sekolah dan universitas, termasuk di sekolah untuk masyarakat berkebutuhan khusus. Kelompok masyarakat ini merupakan salah satu yang paling rentan saat terjadi bencana. Maka dari itu, meningkatkan kesadaran mereka terhadap risiko bencana iklim dan cara untuk menghadapinya menjadi teramat penting untuk membangun ketangguhan.
Aktivitas di tingkat lanskap dan kerja sama lintas wilayah antara kota dan kabupaten juga telah menunjukkan kemajuan di tahun keempat proyek. Di Maluku, pemerintah provinsi mengadakan lokakarya untuk seluruh kota dan kabupaten untuk bersama-sama merencanakan pendekatan berbasis lanskap dengan sistem klaster pulau – prioritas meliputi pengelolaan risiko dan dampak bencana pada sektor transportasi, pariwisata, sumber daya air, dan akses ke layanan dasar. Hasilnya, kota dan kabupaten telah berkomitmen untuk bekerja sama dalam klaster-klaster pulau tersebut. Di Sulawesi Tenggara, advokasi dari APIK telah meyakinkan pemerintah setempat untuk menandatangani perjanjian kerja sama (MOU) dalam rangka pengelolaan DAS Wanggu yang lebih baik di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan dan Kota Kendari.
OpenStreetMap (OSM) adalah sistem pengembangan dengan sumber terbuka (open source) yang bebas biaya dan mudah digunakan untuk pemetaan. Pada tahun keempat proyek, APIK memberikan pelatihan OSM di tiga wilayah kerja dan juga di tingkat nasional terkait dengan pemanfaatan sistem dan keuntungan yang bisa didapat dari sana. Melalui OSM, masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah dapat memetakan serta menyediakan informasi spasial secara real time, termasuk informasi kebencanaan atau
XVII | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV titik-titik wilayah yang rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Informasi tersebut dapat diberikan oleh siapapun dan melewati proses verifikasi yang sederhana sebelum ditampilkan ke luar. Masyarakat di ketiga wilayah telah secara aktif membagikan informasi ke media ini dan siapapun bisa mengakses info tersebut. Keberadaan media (platform) tersebut telah diketahui dan dimanfaatkan juga oleh KLHK dan BNPB. Salah satu contohnya bisa dilihat di https://openstreetmap.id/apik-jatim/.
Aktivitas terkait dengan sektor swasta terus berlanjut dan menjadi salah satu prioritas APIK. Di tahun keempat, APIK melanjutkan kolaborasinya dengan Cargill untuk pembuatan kandang ayam cerdas iklim di Blitar, Jawa Timur. Kandang ayam baru ini akan menjadi percontohan bagi para peternak ayam petelur yang ingin melihat manfaat dari konstruksi yang peka terhadap iklim, serta sekaligus menjadi pusat pelatihan bagi mereka. Kolaborasi bersama PT Multi Bintang (melalui Yayasan Sahabat Multi Bintang) di Mojokerto, Jawa Timur, telah dimulai dengan penghijauan kembali di area hulu sungai serta peningkatan sistem penyediaan air dan perencanaan untuk eko-wisata. Di Sulawesi Tenggara, Pertamina telah membangun bank sampah di Kampung Salo dan membantu pengelolaan sampah di kelurahan, sekaligus memberikan pemasukan tambahan untuk kelompok siaga bencana. Sebagai tambahan, pertanian jagung cerdas iklim di Sulawesi Tenggara telah direplikasi secara luas ke 85 petani yang mengadopsi pendekatan tersebut di kurang lebih 170 hektar lahan jagung. Total nilai ekonomi dari kerja sama dengan sektor swasta ini diestimasi lebih dari $9,3 juta.
Melalui pemetaan anggaran berbasi gender bersama pemerintah daerah di tiga wilayah kerja APIK, sumber pendanaan tersedia untuk membangun kapasitas yang fokus terhadap perempuan seperti sekolah lapang iklim yang secara spesifik menargetkan perempuan, pelatihan untuk kelompok perempuan, dan dukungan untuk petani perempuan.
Di tahun keempat, tim komunikasi APIK terus memperluas jangkauan ke berbagai media sehingga berbagai inisiatif dari APIK telah diliput media sebanyak 128 kali selama tahun keempat ini. Selain itu, jumlah orang yang mengakses informasi ke situs APIK (www.apikindonesia.or.id) telah meningkat secara signifikan.
APIK telah melampaui target untuk lima dari enam High Level Results (HLR) yang ada dengan hanya HLR 1 yang masih di bawah target capaian (68,8%). Dengan adanya pemotongan anggaran untuk APIK proyek yang mengharuskan penyelesaian aktivitas lebih awal sehingga proyek tidak mampu memenuhi target capaian dengan estimasi sekitar lebih dari 1.000 orang akan mendapat pelatihan di waktu proyek yang tersisa.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | XVIII SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
REPORT OBJECTIVE This document represents the APIK Annual Report for year 4 of the implementation period from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. It is submitted in accordance with Section F.5.7 and F.5.8 of the APIK Contract which states that the project shall prepare and submit to the COR regular quarterly and annual reports on the project’s interventions, issues, constraints, and progress toward goals and achievements.
PROJECT OVERVIEW USAID Indonesia’s “Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan” (APIK) Project is a five-year initiative supporting the Government of Indonesia to strengthen climate and disaster resilience, working in an integrated manner from the national level down to the regional and community levels. In support of this overall objective, APIK seeks to:
Mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into national and sub- national governance frameworks; Build the capacity of local communities and the private sector to address climate change and weather-related natural hazards; and Support the use of information for climate and disaster risk management among key stakeholders.
At the national level, APIK provides technical assistance to central government ministries to strengthen their understanding of climate change and the impact of weather-related natural disasters, and to mainstream tools and approaches that facilitate the systematic integration of climate and disaster resilience in their core planning, budgeting, and operations. Given the cross-cutting nature of climate and disaster resilience, APIK works with economy-wide agencies such as the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) and the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), as well as technical ministries like Environment and Forestry (KLHK), Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), Agrarian and Spatial Planning (ATR), and Agriculture (Kementan).
At the subnational level, APIK seeks to build the capacity of local governments to address climate and disaster resilience through their planning and operations, communicate about climate change, and institutionalize resilience building practices in day-to-day activities. Further, the project works directly with communities on the front lines of climate change and disaster resilience in the targeted districts to implement measures and link those measures to the relevant government processes in a holistic systems approach.
Cross-cutting the national and subnational level, APIK further seeks to mainstream climate and disaster resilience into the private sector as well as improve the uptake and utilization of climate and weather information (CWI) services. Private sector engagement is critical to addressing shared economic risks and livelihoods, while improved climate and weather information services empower public and private institutions alike to better prepare for and respond to climate and disaster risk. The issue of gender is a crosscutting issue that has to be mainstreamed into all APIK activities. Women are not only differently vulnerable to climate change but they are also crucial in implementing adaptation
1 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV solutions and building resilience. Gender integration in APIK activities is internalized through systematic activities, aiming integration in public policies, programs, and budgets.
APPROACH The USAID APIK Project applies a technical approach centered on place-based resilience, which emphasizes that vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change are directly linked to each locale’s unique landscape, socioeconomic, and institutional characteristics. Place-based resilience moves beyond generalities to understand the climate story at the local government and community levels, while identifying how the national policy environment influences each community story. APIK builds an evidence base from landscape activities, and then uses it to influence governance frameworks (national/subnational/private sector) and enhance decision support tools for the people whose livelihoods are stressed by natural hazards and shifting climate patterns.
Exhibit 1 presents the integrated components of APIK’s place-based approach:
Institutional resilience: Under Indonesia’s Exhibit 1: Place-Based Resilience decentralized system, place-based resilience requires that national ministries, as well as subnational governments, mainstream climate and disaster resilience principles into public planning and investments.
Socioeconomic resilience: Place-based resilience also requires that climate and disaster resilience principles be incorporated into business models across different economic sectors, supporting livelihoods and green economic growth. Fostering sustainable incomes is particularly important among the poor, whose resource-based livelihoods often face the greatest exposure to weather stresses and climate shifts.
Landscape resilience: The vulnerability of place is interconnected with the ecological, hydrological, and meteorological characteristics of the surrounding landscape. Sound land use decisions that safeguard ecosystem services protecting urban, rural, and island communities from extreme and changing weather are critical, and thus empowering local people to own and make those decisions will underpin landscape resilience.
Climate and weather information services (CWIS): Finally, CWIS play an important enabling role in achieving place-based resilience, with the resulting information products informing sound, evidence-based decision making across all tasks and activities. Climate services are not, however, an end in themselves; rather they are a means for people, businesses, and institutions to better understand their place and how/if it is changing.
WORKING AREA APIK subnational activities are focused in three geographic areas – East Java, Southeast Sulawesi, and Maluku. The diverse landscapes in each region face different types of climate risks and are
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 2 representative of the country writ large. In East Java, for example, APIK activities are centered in the population dense Brantas Watershed. In Southeast Sulawesi focuses on coastal landscapes, while Maluku represents remote small island landscapes. Exhibit 2 below highlighted the APIK working area geographies - detailed landscape maps are included in each section on the report.
Exhibit 2: APIK Geographic Working Areas
TASK STRUCTURE The conceptual design of the APIK project is built around five core tasks. Each of the five tasks is integrated across our implementation approach, which is organized by the three levels of intervention (national, subnational, cross-cutting) discussed above. Sections 2-4 of this annual report follow our implementation approach structure. Here, we present a summary of the five tasks and 22 sub-tasks that comprise the APIK Project’s scope of work. For more detail please see the APIK results framework in Exhibit 21.
TASK 1: INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION INTO NATIONAL-LEVEL POLICY AND COORDINATION The underlying hypothesis of Task 1 is that: the integration of climate and disaster risk into national policies, the formation of national forums and networks to disseminate Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (CCA/ DRR) knowledge amongst practitioners, and the incorporation of CCA/ DRR lessons learned into planning under the RAN API will collectively lead to the improved capacity of national public institutions to mitigate against climate and disaster risks, ultimately benefitting the Indonesian people. Task 1 is comprised of the following three sub-tasks:
Sub-Task 1.1: Support national-level implementation of the RAN API and the integration of CCA and DRR into annual work plans of government ministries; Sub-Task 1.2: Develop national level tools, guidelines, analyses, and other knowledge products that facilitate mainstreaming of CCA and DRR; Sub-Task 1.3: Strengthen national CCA/ DRR coordination.
3 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV TASK 2: ENHANCE SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND WEATHER-RELATED NATURAL DISASTERS Task 2 focuses on local government and community capacity building, using entry-points such as local government working groups and community-based vulnerability mapping to convene stakeholders and facilitate planning and actions that strengthen landscape, socioeconomic, and institutional resilience. Task 2 consists of the following sub-tasks:
Sub-Task 2.1: Integrate CCA and DRR into local governance processes; Sub-Task 2.2: Build local capacity to support vulnerability/ risk assessments; Sub-Task 2.3: Strengthen landscape-level CCA and DRR mechanisms; Sub-Task 2.4: Improve provincial and district climate related disaster response capacity; and Sub-Task 2.5: Implement sustainable community level CCA and DRR measures.
TASK 3: STRENGTHEN TARGETED CLIMATE AND WEATHER INFORMATION SERVICES Task 3 focuses on the collection, packaging, and dissemination of climate and weather information (CWI) services. Better climate and weather information systems are fundamental to fostering place- based resilience across the archipelago, saving lives in the near term (i.e. disaster risk reduction) while supporting better planning and public investment in the medium to long term (i.e. climate change adaptation). The principal sub-tasks of Task 3 are as follows:
Sub-Task 3.1: Conduct CWI stakeholder consultations at all levels and develop roadmap; Sub-Task 3.2: Build capacity of CWI producers, communicators, and users to develop, disseminate, and apply climate and weather data; Sub-Task 3.3: Utilize media, communication campaigns, and social marketing to share CWI and raise awareness about climate change impacts. TASK 4: AWARENESS AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR Task 4 focuses on improving private sector awareness of climate change and weather-related natural disaster risks while strengthening the capacity of private sector partners to integrate CCA/ DRR into business models and plans and carry out sector-specific risk reducing activities. Our strategy emphasizes the engagement and mobilization of business associations and business networks around shared risks in key economic sectors, such as the fishing industry in the Maluku Islands or cocoa and rice production in Southeast Sulawesi. Task 4 is comprised of the following sub tasks:
Sub-Task 4.1: Engage and enhance cooperation with relevant business associations; Sub-Task 4.2: Develop or strengthen forums, tools, and analyses to improve private sector understanding and integration of climate and disaster risks into plans and operations; Sub-Task 4.3: Engage private sector actors to promote awareness and build resilience among companies and communities in targeted districts/landscapes; and Sub-Task 4.4: Disseminate information and examples that promote actions by private businesses to strengthen resilience to natural disasters and climate change.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 4 TASK 5: PROJECT COORDINATION AND DOCUMENTATION Task 5 involves the documentation and dissemination of locally validated climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction practices to ensure the evidence base generated at APIK landscapes informs national and subnational CCA/ DRR decision making. Specific sub-tasks under Task 5 are as following:
Sub-Task 5.1: Develop and disseminate models on the successful integration of local and national strategies for CCA and DRR mainstreaming; and Sub-Task 5.2: Facilitate broader coordination and collaboration and strengthen the capacity of other USG organizations including USAID projects to mainstream CCA/ DRR.
ANNUAL REPORT LAYOUT In line with APIK’s implementation approach, Section 2 covers National Level interventions, Section 3 details Subnational work, Section 4 addresses Cross-cutting activities, Section 5 provides detail on the Most Significant Change, Section 6 provides a brief snapshot of Challenges Encountered with the potential to impact implementation, and Section 7 provides an overview of Performance Monitoring for PY4. In Annexes A, B, E, and H you can find national and provincial activities including the references to task level results, while Annex C, D, and I contains the regional action plan on climate adaptation from East Java, Mojokerto, and Maluku, Annex F, G, and J contains the strategic environmental assessment input for several planning documents, Annex K lists the media coverage in PY4, and Annex L and M contains information on Most Significant Change analysis and the selected stories.
5 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV SECTION 2: NATIONAL LEVEL
PY4 HIGHLIGHTS Continued to lead the RAN API Secretariat with final version due in late 2019. RAN API provided input to the new RPJMN and also will be a tool for local government to implement adaptation action at regional level. The new RPJMN for Indonesia 2020-2024 has been finalized. Climate is included as a national priority for the first time (National Priority 6). As a result, $2.4 billion has been allocated to adaptation work in the four sectors of agriculture, water, marine/coastal and health. APIK had an integral role in this process including leading the scientific assessments and cost benefit analysis as well as drafting the adaptation section for the RPJMN document. Following the RPJMN the national work plan for 2020 or RKP 2020 is now being developed with APIK providing input to the adaption section. This work plan translates the RPJMN into what the government will actually do on an annual basis and goes into a lot more specific detail on activities such as coastal rehabilitation, agricultural diversification, seed improvement, early warning systems and water resource management for example. APIK was involved in the development of the new Low Carbon Development Initiative for Indonesia (LCDI). This document was attached as an annex in the Q3PY4 report provides a road map for adaptation and mitigation for the country. Following the success in having climate adaptation included in the policy for use of village funds with Kemendesa and KLHK, during PY4 APIK continued to work with the Ministries on guidelines for how to implement this policy. In partnership with BNPB, APIK is revising the Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) to ensure that climate risk is included. During PY4 an APIK representative attended Conference of Parties (COP) 24 in Katowice, Poland, as an official member of the Indonesian Delegation. The cost of participation was fully covered by the Indonesian Government. APIK continued to support BMKG in partnership with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) from the University of Colorado. During PY4 NCAR specialists visited Indonesia and provided training to BMKG staff in statistical verification tools for seasonal forecasting and also thunderstorm forecasting. NCAR are continuing to provide remote support to BMKG. APIK advocated for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) coordinating body from the Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) of the Indonesian Ministry of Finance to provide training to APIK government partners in East Java. APIK representatives also attended the training and as a result were able to provide support to partners in the other two regions. With support from APIK, two concept notes (mangrove reforestation in Aru, Maluku and community based adaptation in East Java) have been accepted by BKF for the GCF and full proposals are currently being developed.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 6 OVERVIEW During PY4, APIK continued to work closely with GOI partners, including the National Action Plan for Climate Adaptation (RAN API) Secretariat under Bappenas, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), and the Meteorological Agency (BMKG) in support of national priorities. In addition, APIK worked with Kemendesa to develop guidelines for how village leadership can effectively use the Village Fund for climate resilience activities.
Several APIK activities are highlighted in more detail in the section below. The detailed list of APIK activities carried out at the national level during PY4 can be found in Annex A.
SUMMARY OF FOCUS AREAS AND ACTIVITIES While most of the National Level work is anchored by Task 1—Integrate CCA/ DRR into National Policy and Coordination—it also includes support for climate and weather information services to national agencies such as BMKG (Task 3) and the engagement of national private sector partners (Task 4). The following section summarizes key PY4 activities at the National level.
RAN API AND INPUT FOR THE NATIONAL MID-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN (RPJMN) 2020 – 2024 USAID APIK through the National Adaptation Plan (RAN- API) Secretariat in partnership with Bappenas has been successful at aligning climate resilience in to the RPJMN (National Mid-Term Development Plan). As a result of this work climate change is an Indonesian Government National Priority for the first time as National Priority 6 of the RPJMN which focuses on enhancing development through addressing environment, disaster resilience and climate impact1. APIK led the RAN API revision process which was a critical element of the RPJMN and also carried out scientific and cost / benefit assessments which fed into the draft plan.
A major component of the RAN-API is identifying climate change hazards based on atmospheric, models and oceanic models for four national priority sectors: 1) agriculture; 2) water; 3) health; and 4) fisheries/coastal and marine. Following the finalization of National Priority 6 of the RPJMN, APIK, the RAN API secretariat and Bappenas Draft of Indonesian RPJMN. produced an Annual Government Work Plan (Rencana Kerja Pemerintah - RKP) for disaster resilience for multiple government stakeholders. Within this RKP, the Indonesian Government are able to prepare targets for reducing disaster vulnerability at provincial level. The specific agencies include BNPB, BMKG, KLHK, BIG, LAPAN, ESDM and ATR/BPN. The targets for each agency are currently being finalized. However, Bappenas propose that each agency undertake activities such as; increasing public knowledge and awareness on disaster management, improving technology in reducing disaster impact and integrating good spatial planning and land use management.
1 https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/ini-7-agenda-pembangunan-jangka-menengah-nasional-2020-2024
7 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV
The RKP also includes strategic steps in reducing the potential loss of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) such as integrating climate resilience in to development planning, increasing resilience based on landscape approach and increasing EWS availability and capacity in the regions. Based on Bappenas data, each year there is approximately a 0.46% reduction in GDP as a result of climate impact.
USAID APIK and the RAN-API Secretariat then conducted the workshop, “Climate Change Adaptation National Action Plan (NAP) Policy and Strategy for National Mid-term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020 – 2024”, hosted by National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) in Jakarta, on June 18. This workshop aimed to receive input from development actors, including APIK, for the NAPs 2019 preparation, as a revision of RAN-API 2014 document. APIK’s team participated in providing input for policy, strategy, and adaptation procedures for each prioritized sectors.
The workshop began by determining the direction of adaptation policies, strategies, and action plans for the four priority sectors affected (agriculture, marine and coastal, water, and health) in order to improve the RPJMN Technocratic Document 2020-2024 preparation of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) documents. This workshop was opened by the Bappenas Director of Environment, Pak Medrilzam, by emphasizing that climate change adaptation is part of National Priority 6, namely Building the Environment, Improving Disaster and Climate Resilience.
LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE USAID APIK, in partnership with Bappenas, has been successful at integrating climate adaptation into the Low Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI) document. LCDI is a paradigm shift in comparison to the Green House Gas (GHG) initiative implemented through Presidential Regulation No. 61/2011. LCDI prioritizes the improvement of economic growth and poverty alleviation through a series of modeling and policy scenario choices in order to reduce the risk of 20% loss of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) due to climate impact.
There are ambitious targets for the LCDI. According to Bappenas Minister Bambang Permadi Soemantri Brodjonegoro, the LCDI will raise Indonesian GDP on average by six percent per year until 2045, which is higher than the current GDP growth rate (5.2%). LCDI can also reduce GHG emissions by around 43% by 2030, exceeding Indonesia’s conditional national climate target (NDC) of Media coverage on how climate impact can cause loss of Indonesian GDP 41%.
At the national level, LCDI is integrated into the RPJMN 2020-2024 with a wide selection of policy scenarios for each related development sector. The focus area on adaptation and resilience aims to
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 8 strengthen national and local institutions and communities’ vulnerability to climate impacts through (i) Disseminating climate information, developing and improving the design of adaptation strategies, the use of appropriate science and technology, and (ii) Promoting appropriate policies that support the implementation of (adaptation and resilience) activities. RAN-API Secretariat and Bappenas realize that even though low carbon development is a mitigation approach to reduce the extent of climate change, emphasis on adaptation is also necessary to ensure any low carbon intervention is resilient to local climate extremes and can cope with uncertainty in the future climate. The LCDI document also integrated RAN-API findings in the four priority sectors (water, agriculture, coastal / marine and health) that are affected by climate impact.
ENGAGING MINISTRY OF VILLAGES, DEVELOPMENT OF DISADVANTAGED REGIONS, AND TRANSMIGRATION (KEMENDESA) During PY4 APIK worked with Kemendesa to finalize drafting of the guidelines for mainstreaming climate adaptation in villages. This guideline is a crucial part for interpreting the new ministerial regulation No.16/2018 on village fund allocation. The guideline provides detail on how to fund adaptation and disaster resilience actions, (e.g. environmental protection, agro-forestry, agricultural productivity improvement, water resource management, and disaster response). Within this year, APIK organized a follow-up FGD on Village Climate Change Management Guidelines preparation. Within this coordination meeting, KLHK and Kemendesa agreed on how to integrate climate resilience activity in the villages through the Kemendesa program. This effort was a crucial stepping-stone in replicating APIK efforts in building resilience in the villages by using village funds.
KLHK agreed to support spatial and numerical data needed by Kemendesa in order to institutionalize climate
The ministerial regulation no. 16/2018 on village fund and disaster resilience measures that are already allocation conducted by APIK and KLHK into Kemendesa programs. APIK, KLHK and Kemendesa also agreed joint efforts to synchronize data from village catalogs/directories and other supporting data such as SIDIK (Indonesia Vulnerability Index) and IRBI (Indonesian Disaster Index). Following this meeting, KLHK will conduct a pilot program to test the guidelines in Kalimantan, Java and Sumatra. APIK has requested that at least one APIK village be included in this pilot program.
During the National Disaster Risk Reduction event in Bangka, October 11-13 2019, the Director of Disaster Management from Directorate General of Regional Development from The Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration (Kemendes PDTT), Hasman Maa'ni, stated that the ministry vigorously encouraged the village government to prioritize the use of village funds for disasters management and response, as well as climate adaptation activities within their village fund2.
2 https://republika.co.id/berita/pzamhq368/dana-desa-2020-diprioritaskan-untuk-penanganan-bencana
9 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV UPGRADING THE INDONESIAN DISASTER RISK INDEX On April 12th, APIK organized a discussion to reach agreement amongst stakeholders on the methodology to be used to modify the Indonesia Disaster Risk Index (IRBI). The discussion involved participants from APIK, RAN API Secretariat, and BNPB. As a result of the discussion, the parties agreed on a methodology, analysis scope, and identification of other data needed to strengthen the index. APIK will follow up with further discussions to incorporate climate projections into the Index— refining it with better ability to predict future threats, USAID APIK and BNPB FGD on IRBI Modification, April 12, 2019 especially on hydro-meteorological related disasters.
APIK realized there is increasing recognition that disaster risk reduction should include climate adaptation. By using climate adaptation approaches, BNPB will be able to reduce vulnerability and exposure to hazards to increase resilience to adverse impacts of climate extremes. Both disaster and climate impact adaptation require collaborative and coordinated actions. The integration of the two fields provides opportunities to strengthen the common parts and improve the management of present and future hazards and risks.
There are many ways to incorporate climate information into disaster planning and decision-making, be it at community, district, regional, or national levels. Such information needs to be used at different time scales, from local weather and disaster events, such as floods and heavy rainfall, to extreme weather events, seasonal forecasting, and climate phenomena, such as El Niño and La Niña.
APIK and the Climate and Disaster Resilience working group in BNPB are working together to improve the IRBI (Indonesian Disaster Risk Index), specifically to incorporate climate projections in predicting future threats, especially on hydro-meteorological related disasters. With updated climate projections, IRBI will be able to consider other components, such as socio-economic conditions and capacity, in calculating disaster risk index. As a first step, APIK is currently working on the climate projection calculation for Konaweha Watershed and Wanggu Watershed in Southeast Sulawesi using Rainfall Based Probabilistic Model and Flood Map Model. Within the remaining project implementation timeframe, APIK will working closely with Public Works Agency in Southeast Sulawesi in detailing the projection.
PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL EVENTS During this program year implementation, APIK supported the Indonesian government in two international event. APIK was invited to share experience and expertise on adaptation efforts in Indonesia. Putra was a panelist in the Integrating Disaster Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in Development Planning session in in 6th Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum. The Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum, the flagship event of the Asia Pacific Adaptation Network (APAN), is the primary regional platform for adaptation practitioners to share their learning and experiences, and work together towards the pertinent outcomes and practical solutions that are needed to address the challenges of climate change.
APIK, as manager of the RAN API secretariat, was also selected as a member of the Indonesian delegation for COP 24 in Katowice, Poland. During the event, Bappenas, APIK and RAN API were also involved in meetings on low carbon development in the context of sustainability cities and green
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 10 energy. Bappenas also conducted an international workshop in the Indonesia Pavilion on renewable and green energy. The Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) participated in the event to enhance the partnership among parties and international development partners, and to disseminate information regarding Indonesia’s low carbon development and climate resilience development. Within the workshop, the Indonesian delegation disseminated the result of the science-based assessment of RAN API, which was prepared by APIK. The assessment will ultimately be used to influence the national mid-term plan for Indonesia as well as outline how Indonesia will meet the goals defined in the Paris Agreement.
SUPPORT TO BMKG IN COLLABORATION WITH THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NCAR) FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO APIK and NCAR continue to support BMKG in the technical evaluation and upgrade of current BMKG systems. The primary goals are to improve BMKG’s ability to accurately provide seasonal forecasting and also train BMKG in how to more effectively forecast extreme weather events. This is part of the APIK effort to support BMKG in providing timely, relevant, and understandable climate and weather information to communities, businesses, and local governments.
NCAR training, August 26-29, 2019 In November 2018, NCAR specialists (Caspar Amman and Jonathan Vigh) visited Indonesia and along with APIK conducted follow up assessments and discussions with BMKG. The discussions were conducted with multiple representatives of BMKG including the Deputy for Climatology and Meteorology, Climate Change Information Center (PIPER), Climate Variability Analysis Unit, Climate Center Unit, Database, and Public Meteorology Unit of BMKG. The main purpose of this visit was to discuss BMKG data verification needs, to collect specifications of computers available for verification, document the workflow for seasonal forecasting, identify current verification activities, review current BMKG downscaling/bias-correction method and discuss object- based verification options. In addition, the team discussed TITAN (Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis and Now Casting) tool installations at BMKG which allow for forecasting extreme weather.
To follow up on this work, NCAR returned to Indonesia in August 2019. From August 23-29, 2019, APIK and NCAR facilitated Implementation and Training of Model Evaluation Tools (MET)/Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) & Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting (TITAN) System from 26-30 August. Generally, it aimed to improve several targeted climate and weather products and services of the Indonesia Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). This training was delivered by NCAR experts as resource persons and participated by approximately 64 people from various institutions; Climate Change Information Center & Climate Service Center, Research & Development Center, Climatology Station Malang & Bogor, Meteorology Station representatives from Surabaya, Kendari, Ambon, Cengkareng, and Bogor, also university representatives; from ITB and IPB. BMKG supported this training by providing example of radar data
11 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV from each station (Ambon, Kendari, Surabaya, Cengkareng, and Bogor) with minimum 1-month full time series raw radar imagery data (format will be depending on radar brand) and example of extreme weather case (e.g. extreme/severe rainfall condition, flood-causing weather condition, strong wind, whirlwind/small tornado). The training was very well received by the participants and NCAR have continued to provide some remote support to BMKG. BMKG have committed to adopt MET / MODE and TITAN moving forwards to improve their systems.
SOCIALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECTS TO BE FUNDED BY GREEN CLIMATE FUND The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a good potential source of funding for adaptation action initiatives that have already been identified through the resilience strategy development process. The GCF are mandated to fund adaptation activities but to date there have been no adaptation projects for Indonesia funded through this mechanism. APIK is keen to explore this mechanism to continue adaptation projects in the three project provinces. To that end, APIK had discussions with BKF (Fiscal Policy Agency) of the Ministry of Finance as the Presentation from the representative of Green Climate Fund National Designated Authority (DNA) for the GCF in Indonesia. BKF expressed their interest in order to fulfill the need to develop their adaptation projects in their portfolio. APIK’s projects in cities, districts and provinces have already matched the requirements for GCF funding by undertaking VA, climate resilience strategy, and concrete action implementation in the field
On 22-23 May 2019 BKF and APIK jointly held a socialization workshop in East Java specifically to introduce of the GCF and identify other potential project(s) that can be funded though the fund. The event was participated by the provincial government representatives from 7 cities/districts assisted by APIK, and universities. As many as 17 potential projects were identified across the 7 cities/districts. In the next year, the 17 potential projects will be discussed further where several of the potential projects will be combined under a climate change theme. The aim is that APIK can help develop the concept paper that will be the basis for an Accredited Entity to accept an initiative to move forward with a full proposal for GCG funding. The APIK team replicated this training to government representatives in SE Sulawesi and Maluku. Staff from Bappeda Maluku also traveled to West Papua to join a BKF organized event. As a result of this two concept notes were prepared, one from East Java and one from Maluku and both of these have now been approved by BKF for submission of a full proposal. In East Java Province, APIK assisted local government to submit a proposal entitled “Community Based Adaptation through Capacity Building of Local Government and Stakeholders in 20 Districts in East Java”. The budget of the proposal is 1.8 million USD. While in Maluku, APIK assisted Provincial government to submit a proposal entitled “Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Through Conservation and Restoration of Mangrove Ecosystems in Aru Islands District”. The budget for Maluku’s proposal is 1.3 million USD. Within the next period, APIK will finishing its assistance to the Southeast Sulawesi Bappeda to submit the proposal to GCF.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 12 SECTION 3: SUB-NATIONAL LEVEL The following section summarizes Project Year 4 activities across APIK’s three prioritized landscapes. The first part of this section provides an overview of sub-national work across all provinces including PY4 highlights and a description of the climate resilience strategies and spatial planning advocacy which were carried out in all areas. Please see Table 10 in the monitoring and evaluation section for progress against sub-national indicators.
PY4 HIGHLIGHTS Some highlights described in this regional section are follow-up activities to address water resource management and resilience. Other highlights describe capacity building for government officials, local community members, and students in integrating climate and disaster management into their regional and communal action plans. During PY4 APIK accelerated work in the water resource management sector. The water vulnerability assessment (KKMA) for springs in the Upper Brantas area of East Java was completed in partnership with USAID IUWASH PLUS and infiltration wells to improve ground water recharge and reduce flooding were constructed in multiple locations in Batu City, Malang District and Malang City. In addition, APIK worked on improved water access in Malang District. In relation to Sustainable Landscapes, reforestation, including bamboo, fruit trees and also mangrove, has been carried out in all regions (bamboo specifically in East Java) with 21 hectares of upstream watershed land rehabilitated and 6 hectares of coastal mangroves planted. In all regions APIK continued to work extensively on policy development and planning with local government administrations. For example, in East Java APIK helped 20 village administrations allocate IDR 8,490,204,000 (approx. USD 628,904) through their village fund for climate and disaster resilience activities. Southeast Sulawesi Province finalized their RPJMD during PY4 and the provincial government allocated IDR. 57,090,708,800 (approx. USD 4,308,733) for programs related to disaster risk reduction in the Southeast Sulawesi BPBD and a broad climate change impact program in Southeast Sulawesi. In Maluku the Central Maluku district allocated IDR 361,338,982,772 (approx. USD 27,270,865) for climate impact and disaster management for the 2017 – 2022 period in their RPJMD. Landscape level activities and trans-boundary cooperation between cities and districts have accelerated in PY4. In Maluku the provincial government held a workshop for all cities and districts to come together and plan broader landscape based approaches based on the island cluster system – priorities included disaster risk management and impact on transportation, tourism, water resources and access to basic services. In Southeast Sulawesi the government has committed to signing an MOU to better manage the Wanggu Watershed in South Konawe District and Kendari City as a result of APIK advocacy. During PY4 APIK has carried out more activities related to groups more typically vulnerable to disasters such as women, children and those with disabilities. Multiple awareness campaigns and trainings were held at schools (including schools for people with disabilities) and universities. In addition, APIK worked directly with women’s groups to involve them directly in disaster risk management in their communities. APIK worked with city and district level health agencies and local planning agencies on climate risk mapping and modeling to better predict potential dengue fever outbreaks in East Java and also malaria in Maluku.
13 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV APIK worked to encourage community disaster mapping through the Open Street Map Usahidi system. Training was carried out in all regions and community members as well as local government have started uploading information to the system which is easy and free of charge to provide near real time information regarding hydrometeorological disasters. During PY4 the final Vulnerability Assessment was completed for Aru Islands District and the resulting findings have been integrated into the district level planning and budgeting documents. Regional level work with the Private Sector has continued in PY4. In particular, the climate smart chicken sheds in Blitar, East Java were constructed and the official launch ceremony will take place in Q1 of PY5. These chicken sheds will serve as a model for farmers to see the benefit of climate smart construction on egg production and also as a training center. With PT Multi Bintang (through Yaysan Sahabat Multi Bintang) in Mojokerto East Java work has now started on reforestation in the upstream watershed as well as improved water supply systems and planning for eco-tourism. With Pertamina in Southeast Sulawesi the waste bank was constructed in Kampung Salo which is now improving waste management in the village as well as providing additional income for the village disaster preparedness team. Additionally, in Southeast Sulawesi the climate smart corn production has been replicated extensively with 85 farmers adopting the new approach on approximately 170 hectares of land.
OVERVIEW APIK activities at the sub-national level in PY4 included building awareness and capacity for communities, businesses and local government on climate and disaster risk. In addition, APIK focused on influencing planning and budgetary processes at province, city, district and village level and implementing pilot projects in partnership with local organizations and businesses to demonstrate approaches to build resilience in each location emphasizing the place-based approach. In addition to the region-specific activities highlighted in this section there are a number of initiatives that occurred in all regions, for example water resource management and sustainable landscape activities
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT In PY4, APIK continued to work on improving water supply provision and water resources conservation. Upon development of the spring vulnerability assessment (KKMA) that was prepared jointly with the USAID IUWASH PLUS Project. The KKMA document was attached as an annex in the Q3PY4 report. APIK facilitated construction of infiltration wells in Batu, specifically in Bingangun spring recharge area in Bumiaji as an example of action to both help conserve the spring as well as help reduce local flooding problem in the village. As the construction was carried out in a participatory manner, the community now has the skills to identify the proper location as well as construct and maintain the wells. The local government of Batu City has planned to construct similar infiltration wells building on APIK’s piloting in the area. While the Binangun spring is located upstream in Batu City, the spring water is used by PDAM Malang City downstream. Batu City is taking up lessons learned from Binangun to replicate similar action in the other three springs namely Banyuning, Gemulo, and Sumber Darmi.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 14 In parallel, APIK facilitated construction of infiltration wells in Tlogomas village in Malang City. The wells help solve repeated flooding problem in the village. At the same time, the water infiltrated through the wells will also help maintain the water table at dug wells used by the community as their domestic water supply. The construction of the infiltration wells is part of the city’s Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS). Malang City is considering to construct more infiltration wells initially in Tlogomas village. And once it is deemed effective, they plan Construction of infiltration wells in Tlogomas Village, Malang City to construct more wells in several areas in the city. To improve community based water supply provision, in Malang District APIK worked in two hamlets, namely Sumbertimo and Mentaraman, Arjosasi village, Kalipare sub-district. Through restoring and improvement of pumping and distribution system at Sumbertimo, as many as 160 households are now supplied by the system. Previously, they had to buy water from water vendor. During dry season in September 2019, people could still rely on the system, although the community based operator HIPPAM had to temporarily do water rationing to ensure that all 160 households could be served. The village is considering to have one more pumping system installed to help improve reliability and thus may provide water more sustainably. In the same village, in Mentaraman hamlet, APIK worked together with the community on protecting their dug wells from flooding and/or landslide impact. The community have located their dug wells in an area prone to flood and landslide. The prone location is the only area in the hamlet that has shallow water table that can be used by the community to build dug wells. Upon participatory assessment including consultation with expert on ground water and dug well protection, gabion wall is selected and deemed appropriate for protection of the wells. APIK supported the design and construction of the gabion wall. In the coming quarter, the community plans to address the flood and landslide risks further upstream so that the risks may be more significantly reduced. To allow the project to better capture results with regards to water resource management activities two new sub-indicators were added to the M&E plan during PY4 (Task Level Results 2E-I and 2E-ii). These indicators focus on people gaining access to basic drinking water services and also those people benefiting from the adoption and implementation of measures to improve water resource management. In addition, APIK provides training on water resource management and captures the number of people trained under HLR 1. APIK reports against these indicators in the performance management section of this report. SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES
APIK’s work in the three provinces helps address environmental issues including land degradation issues. Throughout PY4, APIK has helped several villages respond to land degradation both through mangrove area rehabilitation downstream and watershed rehabilitation upstream. In total, as many as 21 hectares of watershed and more than 6 hectares of coastal mangrove areas have been rehabilitated in flood and landslide prone APIK villages in the three provinces through reforestation activities. In particular, APIK is facilitating cross-border cooperation between South Konawe District and Kendari City for Wanggu watershed rehabilitation both to address flood and landslide risks and also water resources conservation. The cooperation of Kendari City and South Konawe District is planned to take place in the first quarter of PY5.
15 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV 1. EAST JAVA
REGIONAL PROFILE In East Java, APIK continued to work in the Brantas Watershed as a priority landscape. Covering approximately 17 cities and districts, the Brantas Watershed is one of the national government’s priorities for conservation and rehabilitation. About half of East Java’s 38 million people live in the basin, which contains a high concentration of critical infrastructure, including eight dams, two major airports, two shipping ports, multiple high-volume highways and rail connections. The Brantas Watershed is therefore a center of significant economic activity for East Java, not to mention to Indonesia as a whole. This elemental watershed is an important contributor to the livelihoods of many people across all sectors, from agriculture to tourism, in one of the most densely populated regions of Java.
During the last quarter of this year, BPBD (Disaster Management Agency) and BMKG (Meteorological, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency) East Java recorded that most districts in East Java have experienced extreme drought, in which the consecutive dry days (CDD) had continued for more than 60 days. Based on CDD data on 10 August, many places experienced meteorological drought which was triggering water scarcity and wildfire. Based on BMKG forecast, the dry spell will continue to October 2019. During May - August 2019, BPBD Province had released the list of most drought susceptible villages, 566 villages in 29 districts had experienced drought across the province. In APIK areas, a total of 22 villages from 4 districts had experienced water scarcity namely, Malang, Blitar, Jombang, and Mojokerto Districts. During August East Java Government provided 55 million liters of water for 450 villages by tanker3. Suban Wahyudiono, head of BPBD East Java said that the agency would continue to conduct the water provision to other regions in East Java until November 2019.
OVERVIEW The following section provides details on the main activities and initiatives that were carried out in East Java during this reporting period. In addition, a detailed list of all APIK activities in East Java can be found in Annex B.
Maps detailing activities in East Java can be found in Exhibits 3,4, and 5 on the following pages. Exhibit 4 provides an overview of province level activities. Exhibit 4 details activities in the Upper Brantas Watershed namely, Malang City, Batu City, Malang District, and Blitar District including the villages where APIK works. Exhibit 5 details activities in the Lower Brantas Watershed namely, Sidoarjo District, Mojokerto District, and Jombang District including the specific villages where APIK works.
Notably, in comparison to the Upper Brantas, downscaled climate projections suggest that temperature shifts will be more extreme on the Lower Brantas with the average daily temperature increasing by up to one degree Celsius by the year 2030. Further, the timing of the wet season is also likely to shift to earlier in the year, with the heaviest rainfall occurring from September through November.
3 https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2019/08/22/15143061/kekeringan-450-desa-di-jatim-dipasok-55-juta-liter- air-bersih
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 16 Exhibit 3: Map Detailing Activities in East Java Province
17 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Exhibit 4: Map Detailing Activities in Upper Brantas
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 18 Exhibit 5: Map Detailing Activities in Lower Brantas
19 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV EAST JAVA PY4 ACTIVITY OVERVIEW
BUILDING LOCAL RESILIENCE THROUGH CLIMATE ADAPTATION LOCAL ACTION PLANS APIK supported Malang District in developing and integrating climate resilience strategies into their action plan (Rencana Aksi Daerah or RAD) within PY 4. Inputs from APIK were based on the vulnerability assessment (VA) and the district’s resilience assessment. The VA helped identify appropriate adaptation options in addressing the risk profiles, while the resilience assessment helped identify areas for resilience improvement. Once risks and vulnerabilities have been assessed then adaptation options were identified and selected. APIK works closely with the government to set framework for implementation of adaptation action. To be effective, this framework needs to take into consideration the findings and be subject to public consultation and formal recognition by relevant local authorities.
The Malang District action plan focuses on (1) reducing climate and disaster risks, (2) increasing resilience or reducing the district vulnerability, and (3) developing resilience in the tourism sector. APIK supported the district in developing adaptation strategies in the focus areas of infrastructure, environment, agriculture, and tourism.
In addition to Malang District, APIK also completed the final draft for two RAD’s, for East Java Province and Mojokerto District (attached as Annex C and D). Both of these documents are now in final drafting stage and will be launched by the end of the year. In RAD API East Java Province, APIK focused on 9 (nine) sectors that are heavily impacted by the climate stressor. Those sectors are agriculture, fisheries, disaster management, tourism, clean water, husbandry, forestry, transportation, and infrastructure. While the climate stressors were selected based on the historical data on climate and weather related events within the area. The climate stressors are sea temperature rise, sea level rise, drought, ENSO pattern changes, cyclone, and extreme rainy season. Based on BNPB data, the economic loss occurring due to climate impact in East Java has increased significantly from IDR 1.44 trillion (approx. USD 87.5 million) in 2007-2012 period to IDR 2.3 trillion (approx. USD 164 million) in 2013-2017 period.
Based on those findings, APIK urged East Java Province to come up with an adaptation action plan in order to reduce the economic impact of climate related disasters. Based on results from the APIK weather and climate projection, flood will still be the hazard with the highest risk from 2030-2040. Areas along Brantas Watershed are highly vulnerable to the flood. In the agriculture sector, three main agriculture products (wetland paddy, dryland paddy, and maize) are highly vulnerable to climate risk. The findings are in line with the Rice Production Rate Projection in Brantas Watershed, 2030-2040 Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Impact Assessment in Brantas
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 20 Watershed carried out by APIK which details that rice production could reduce by 3-4% per year by 2030 to 2040.
In Mojokerto, based on BMKG data, changes in weather and climate will affect several key sectors namely water resources, agriculture, animal husbandry, and health. In the animal husbandry sector, the weather and climate (prolonged dry season) will affect animal feed supply. With the lack of feed supply, it is very likely production will decrease and/or cost of production will increase as feed prices go up. In the RAD for Mojokerto, there are several recommended actions including: (1) agricultural diversification, (2) farming insurance, (3) farming sector statistical data development, (4) Village livestock breeding center, (4) animal disease control and (5) optimization animal laboratory data.
Based on the Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of East Java Province, poultry is one of the biggest sectors that may be impacted by the temperature rise (0.9°C - 1.4°C). Following the completion of the Regional Action Plan on Climate Adaptation and Resilience of East Java, APIK will integrate the adaptation action plan into the district/provincial planning and budgeting documents. According the Indonesian budget and planning cycle, the process of planning and budgeting will be completed in December 2019 and will be legalized within the first month of 2020.
INTEGRATING CLIMATE AND DISASTER RESILIENCE INTO VILLAGE FUNDS Indonesian Village Law mandates that the fund is to be used to improve welfare and village development taking into account the village’s demographics and characteristics. In ensuring the different needs in every village is addressed in the village fund, APIK advocacy is based on a participatory VA. Using this bottom up approach, the government will be able to facilitate appropriate activities at the local/village level where potential impacts of climate vulnerability, variability, and disaster events may hamper people’s lives and livelihood. APIK raises awareness in the Village Fund Integration of Adaptation Action activities to Village Fund in Segoro Tambak, law as a tool to build villages’ resilience Sidoarjo towards climate and disaster impact.
APIK continued to provide support for village governments on integrating climate and disaster resilience into public plans and budgets. Integrating contextually relevant adaptation strategies into village policy and regulation documents is a crucial step towards building resilience. In total, within this year, APIK supported 20 villages in allocating IDR 8,490,204,000 (approx. USD 628,904) in village fund for climate and disaster resilience activities. For example, in Gajahrejo Village, Malang District, APIK had helped the village and community in allocating IDR 275,000,000 (USD 20,370) for the bore well installation, while in Sumbersari, Blitar, APIK had helped the community in allocating IDR 588,186,000 (approx. USD 44,391) for climate proofing water drainage activities in their village fund. In addition, the Marine and Fisheries Agency of East Java Province provided mangrove seedlings to Kepetingan Hamlet (Sawohan Village), Sidoarjo District which is prone to tidal waves and coastal erosion the village budget allocated IDR 75,000,000 (approx. USD 5,660).
21 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV IMPROVING PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS’ CAPACITY IN CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND DISASTERS MANAGEMENT During this past quarter, APIK held several activities in public institutions to increase and share information regarding climate change adaptation, support community planning, and implement measures. Moreover, USAID-APIK also collaborated with local governments and other institutions to create initiatives aimed at developing climate resilient urban communities through various knowledge and action-based activities.
Malang District Disaster Management Agency BPBD established the Information Center (PUSDALOPS) & Disaster Management Rapid Reaction Team (TRC-PB) in early 2019 as an effort to build preparedness and rapid and appropriate response in a state of disaster. The newly formed PUSDALOPS and TRC-PB need technical assistance to improve staff knowledge and skills, especially in data collection and management. To help address this, APIK held a training on July 8-10, 2019 on Open Data Kit (ODK) Collect application as a tool for disaster reporting. Through ODK Collect BPBD can collect initial disaster data using a smartphone device (android) making it much simpler to collect information and provide important data in near real time to support disaster response in a ODK Data Collect Training for BPBD Malang, July 8-10 2019 timely manner.
On May 2nd 2019, APIK facilitated a capacity building activity for tourism managers which was focused on disaster risk assessment training in Batu City, East Java. The training was to increase their ability to develop a Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA) standard operating procedure and to apply it in each tourism site as a plan for action and disaster preparedness. Each tourism manager was trained in conducting DRA. Understanding the DRA will enhance the tourism capacity in the region and help reduce the impact of natural disasters on the tourism sector. High disaster risk areas and areas vulnerable to damage of biodiversity assets can be identified for mitigation and prevention of loss and damage.
From March 19-21, 2019 APIK held a training on Projection for Basic Planning of Food Crop and Horticulture Plant Protection (BPTPH) for Agriculture Agency staff in Batu City. This training focused on addressing the increasing number of pests as an impact of climate change on crop production. The training was provided to 41 representatives of the pest control unit (POPT) in Agricultural Office from each sub-district. Data on pest outbreaks and the linkage with weather conditions is important in understanding pest lifecycles and distribution that will be used as the baseline for production plans based on climate variability.
BUILDING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE In building resilience to address climate change and disasters risk, awareness is the first step towards community-based actions in reducing potential impacts. APIK had supported series of activities at community level. During PY 4, APIK had completed all the vulnerability assessment for village level.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 22 Based on assessment of Disaster Risk Index from BNPB and Disaster Risk Assessment Document of BPBD, Malang District ranked number 2 in East Java and ranked number 9 in Indonesia on disaster vulnerability, especially hydrometeorological disasters. In Sitiarjo Village, APIK improved community resilience by building an Early Warning System (EWS) to provide warnings for flash flooding. Following completion of the contingency plan document, EWS Installation in Sitiarjo Village, Malang District, July-September 2019 together with Malang District BPBD/Climate Change Adaptation Working Group), APIK installed early warning sensors at several points in the Panguluran river. The sensors installed are rainfall sensor in Sukodono village and river water level gauge sensor in Kedungbanteng village. Information display is installed downstream in Sitiarjo village. These sensors provide early warning information about the threat of flooding risk so that the community will be better prepared.
In July, APIK had conducted the training on the use and maintenance of EWS. APIK also successfully advocated for the use of Village Funds for the EWS operation and maintenance. This is to ensure the sustainability of the EWS in the community.
BUILDING DISASTER RESILIENCE FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS Disaster events impact the lives of vulnerable groups (students and women) all around the world. Disasters tend to discriminate along generational and gender lines and most victims in disasters are often women and children. Therefore, it is important that women and children have practical knowledge of disaster risk management and reduction to ensure whole communities are really resilient and to minimize the loss and damage from disasters.
On October 31, 2018, APIK conducted disaster preparedness training and an evacuation drill in Mojowarno, Jombang District where representatives from several women’s groups (e.g. Fatayat, Muslimat) took part. Within the event, participants were facilitated to develop hazard maps, improved awareness of disaster risks, gained understanding in disaster evacuation planning, and practiced what to do in the event of a disaster. The participants included police, social welfare office, and also public works and housing agency. Representatives from BPBD participated as expert trainers. Participants gave very positive feedback on the training and recognized this as building necessary skills to protect themselves and cope with disasters in a proactive manner.
On July 11, 2019, APIK and Women Empowerment and Child Protection Agency (DP3A) conducted a FGD in increasing the FGD on Climate Resilience for Women Group in Malang, July 11, 2019
23 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV capacity of women in climate and disaster risk reduction in Malang District. Within the event, 100 participants from Malang District learned the importance of climate and disaster resilience based activities within their daily lives and will integrate it in the public plan and budget document.
APIK supported BPBD Malang District on program Pena Sekolah (Pengenalan Bencana di Sekolah), a BPBD program in increasing knowledge and awareness for disaster reduction in schools. On February 13-14, 2019, APIK and BPBD conducted a fun-learning event in SDN (elementary school) 2 Pujon and SDN 2 Kalisongo, in Malang District. More than 200 students participated and within the event APIK and BPBD shared the knowledge with students and teachers on how to react if disaster occurred. On August 20, 2019, APIK conducted FGD to initiate the implementation strategy for the Disaster Safe School / Madrasah (SMAB) in Malang City. The event was attended by 18 local government agencies to encourage them to support the SMAB to cover many schools particularly those located in disaster prone areas.
APIK held several seminars with local universities and communities to educate and share information regarding climate adaptation measures and community planning. APIK also collaborated with local governments and other institutions to create initiatives aimed at developing climate resilient urban communities through various knowledge and action-based activities. On April 10 2019 APIK in partnership with Dr. Soetomo University led an educational seminar providing 83 students with knowledge about the risks and impacts of climate change that influence hydro-meteorological disasters. The educational seminar discussed the significance of creating a culture for disaster readiness, reduction, and alertness. Similar to this event, 279 students from the Urban and Regional Planning department from Malang Institute of Technology (PWK ITN) gathered on Earth Day April 22 2019 for an informative seminar discussing the concept and practice of climate resilient urban planning. In addition, APIK held a similar seminar on September 28, 2019 at the Ki Hadjar Dewantara Hall, Faculty of Social Sciences, State University of Malang. The national seminar was attended by 310 participants and resulted in list of the follow-up activities to be carried out by the social science faculty who would spread out climate and weather information in the campus and community.
ENGAGING THE PRIVATE SECTOR Following the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on developing conservation-based tourism between APIK and Yayasan Sahabat Multi Bintang (YMSB) in Claket, Padusan, and Pacet Villages in Pacet sub-district, Mojokerto District, East Java on December 6, 2018, APIK developed a formulation of adaptation plan process by conducting Risk Assessment and FGD on climate impact in the Claket-Padusan-Pacet-Kemiri Landscape, Mojokerto District. APIK, YSMB, and village community agreed on the action plan on bamboo plantation and community based clean water system. The results of the risk assessment were then disseminated to various stakeholders to get support for the implementation of adaptation action.
Based on the action plan the rehabilitation of catchment area in Pacet landscape and the revitalization of the community water user association (HIPPAM) had been chosen as adaptation actions that will be supported by YSMB. The support for the drinking water supply system (SPAM) Revitalization phase 1, is being prepared by YSMB and APIK. The initial contribution of YSMB is around US$ 22,600 consisting of co-financing with APIK for participatory vulnerability assessment, technical assistance to local community on tourism development, and financial sources for selected adaptation actions in the local community. The projected value of this partnership is around US$ 95,836.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 24 In Blitar, APIK and Cargill had started the collaboration with a joint visit to identify the location and get ideas on proper design for the layer chicken sheds. The climate proof chicken sheds are currently under construction and planned to be finished by end of October 2019. In addition of the shed, Paguyuban Peternak Rakyat Nasional (PPRN) is adding community building for meeting/ classroom. These facilities are developed as a Learning Center that can be used by Chicken layer shed installation in Blitar District farmers to improve their capacity on farming management, as well as a laboratory for the company (Cargill) to test their new products to support the layer chicken’s productivity. The launching for this facility is planned to be conducted in November 2019. Integrated training modules that combine good chicken farming practices, climate information and adaptation actions, layer poultry farming management, as well as entrepreneurship are still being developed by APIK in collaboration with Cargill, FAO-ECTAD, and USAID-JAPRI. The modules will be used for Training for Trainers (ToT) to the champions of layer chicken farmers in Blitar (members of PPRN). The training will be conducted upon the grand launching of Learning Center.
STRENGTHENING CLIMATE INFORMATION USE IN DENGUE FEVER REDUCTION In collaboration with health agencies APIK supported the development of the climate and weather projection and an EWS for dengue outbreaks based on climate projections. With climate projections and modelling, health offices will be able to determine and map the potential areas of dengue outbreak. APIK has conducted socialization regarding the proposed activity to Malang BMKG, and Health Agency. On July 17, 2019, APIK conducted a second workshop with the aim of consolidating the data available in each district and city, and expanding the development area to 7 district/cities (City of Malang, Malang District, City of Batu, Blitar District, Mojokerto District, Jombang District, and Sidoarjo District.
In Blitar, APIK conducted training on data collection using Open Data Kit (ODK) collect. APIK introduced ODK Collect, an open source android-based system, for collecting data on mosquito larva’s. ODK Collect enables evaluation of complex logic such as geo-locations, images, audio clips, video clips and barcodes, as well as numerical data needed for the mapping process. Data collected can be used to obtain information on the distribution of the target species. ODK Collect Training in POLKESMA Blitar, August 14, 2019 Surveillance of larvae is of key importance in reducing dengue fever outbreak. Mosquitoes rely on water for their development, data collection using ODK allows for a focused and rapid inspection of a site. Sampling and identification can be completed on the same day. Within the training, APIK worked together with POLKESMA
25 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV (Public Health Polytechnic) Blitar and Blitar’s Health Agency. The training took place on August 14, 2019, and was attended by more than 40 participants.
On November 27, 2018, APIK together with several representatives from the national BMKG, BMKG Malang, DKI Jakarta Health Agency, Ministry of Health, and the Greater Malang Health Agencies held an FGD on Dengue Fever (DHF) in Malang. The Ministry of Health, represented by the Director for the Prevention and Control of Vector and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Dr. Nadia Tarmizi was enthusiastic and supportive to see that local government is addressing climate change related diseases. Health offices of the Greater Malang are committed to providing historical data related to the incidence of DHF Malang Raya. The data is key in projecting outbreak. Hence, it will help in action planning as well as identifying related agencies and stakeholders. In the FGD, representatives from the DKI Jakarta Health Office shared their experiences related to the implementation of the DHF preparedness, which were very helpful in terms of building preparedness for DHF outbreak in East Java. The follow up of this activity is data collection and consolidation, algorithm development by a team from ITB (Bandung Technology Institute). However, the program has some obstacles due to incomplete data, especially basic data of dengue patients in the Batu area which are not complete.
STRENGTHENING GIS AND MAPPING CAPACITY APIK continued to carry out capacity building in UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle/Drone) mapping throughout APIK areas. In Blitar, APIK conducted UAV mapping in Bogel River from January 7-10, 2019 to map the critical forest area as well as the land use in Perhutani (state-owned forest) area. APIK and Perhutani then used this map in determining the exact location for bamboo planting for slope stabilization and reducing erosion in the upstream Bogel River area. The UAV helped highlight that the area in upstream Bogel River is heavily damaged due to land clearing and land use change. Bamboo plantation will reduce the landslide risk in the upstream area significantly. While in Jombang, APIK introduced Open Data Kit (ODK) Collect for the Jombang District Environment Agency to support wells monitoring e.g. water quality and water level checking in Bandardowo, Jombang.
APIK also supported villages in institutionalizing climate and disaster resilience programs into short, medium, and long term village planning. Throughout PY1- PY4 APIK has implemented so many climate and disaster resilience actions on the ground. This necessitates a comprehensive documentation so as it can be used as a reference for replication in other location as well as for planning needs in the future. A database/catalog is an option that UAV image of Bamboo Planting Location in Perhutani Blitar is practical and efficient in terms of time and budget. APIK started to develop an interactive information system platform which includes detailed regional (spatial) information as documentation of problems and adaptation actions. Development of digital technology has made it easy for stakeholders to map an area in detail. OpenStreetmap (OSM) is one such solution which is an interactive map, free, and open to everyone.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 26 On August 29-31, 2019, APIK conducted a training on Openstreetmap (OSM) in Malang. By using OSM, APIK and both the village government and the community can contribute to adding spatial-based village data and information using satellite imagery and public/individual knowledge. There is no need for formal background knowledge on mapping to be involved in OSM mapping, but quality control mechanism must still be carried out so that the quality of village maps and the information produced meet the criteria for a good and correct village information system quality standard. During the training, APIK had collected 158 activities on climate adaptation East Java OSM Platform and disaster reduction. The data can be accessed from https://openstreetmap.id/apik-jatim/. Following the training BPBD Mojokerto and Malang agreed to submit the data to Communication and Information Agency within their region and use it as the village program database.
COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENT AND PROJECT SITE VISITS During PY4, APIK conducted multiple activities as part of coordination with local government. From April 22-23, 2019, USAID, APIK, together with KLHK and BNPB made a courtesy visit to East Java as part of the government’s engagement strategy and at the same time to maintain USAID APIK visibility in the province. During the visit, the Environment Office Deputy Director for USAID, Jason Seuc met with the Deputy Governor of East Java, Emil Dardak to share about two of USAID’s on-going programs; APIK that is working on climate and disaster resilience and IUWASH PLUS that is working in the water and sanitation sector. Following the meeting with Emil Dardak, the USAID delegation then went to visit APIK working areas in Mojokerto district to discuss with community, village officials, and Multi Bintang Indonesia on resilience building and efforts on the ground. The delegation then continued their visit with a stop in the Wonokerto village in the Malang District to meet with sugarcane farmers. The farmers shared their experiences on their involvement in the climate field school. USAID also visited Sumberagung Village in the Malang District to learn how the climate and disaster resilience forum (Forum API-PRB) identify and address problems relating to community-based water supply systems that are affected by climate change. USAID wrapped up the visit with a meeting with farmers in the Tulungrejo village in Batu City to see conservation agriculture through chayote cultivation and to talk with PDAM about the sustainability of water supply at Binangun spring that is facing climate change.
On July 1, 2019, APIK conducted an internal meeting with City of Batu government to discuss the results of the spring vulnerability assessment KKMA for Binangun spring including its action plan. The Mayor of Batu, Mrs. Dewanti Roempoko, responded positively to the results of the joint efforts of USAID APIK and USAID IUWASH PLUS. Following the meeting, APIK hopes that all the recommendations of the KKMA are used as a source of technical information and a reference for planning of water resources conservation activities in City of Batu. This idea is positively received by the government officials as the implementation of vision, mission, and policies of the Batu City development as stated in the City RPJMD.
27 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV On September 23-24, 2019, USAID representative, Jesse Shapiro visited the Greater Malang area to see and learn water supply and water resources management issues and efforts in the area. This activities involved APIK and IUWASH PLUS Programs. Mr. Shapiro visited APIK activities in improving climate and disaster resilience on water supply and water resources management aspects.
Mr. Shapiro visited Tlogomas Village in Malang City and discussed with community Mr. Jesse Shapiro of USAID visit in Tlogomas Village, Malang City on how to build community resilience towards climate and disaster impact. In Tlogomas, APIK conducted flood mitigation and adaptation action by installing infiltration wells as part of Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS). On the same day, in Arjosari village, Malang District the team discussed APIK activities in improving people’s resilience towards water need. In Sumbertimo Hamlet in Arjosari village, APIK is improving a community drinking water supply system (SPAM) so that the system can provide reliable clean water. This includes restoring the bore wells and geo-electric assessment to identify potential groundwater as source of clean water. Further, in Mentaraman Hamlet, APIK supported rainwater harvesting as part of adaptation action in increasing community resilience toward water scarcity. The team also had a chance to meet with community water user association (HIPPAM) that is established to help community to manage SPAM. Finally, the team visited Batu City where in Tlogorejo Hamlet in Bumiaji Subdistrict APIK initiated a spring catchment area conservation through construction of infiltration wells. Tlogorejo is one of the catchment areas of Binangun spring which is utilized as a raw water source by Malang City water utility (PDAM). The community were fully engaged during construction of the infiltration wells as well as training facilitated by APIK. The community are willing and grateful that not only did they get understanding of catchment area conservation, but also the infiltration wells help reduce local flooding problem in the area.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 28 2. SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
REGIONAL PROFILE Southeast Sulawesi has a long coastline, as well as dense (but rapidly degrading) tropical forests in the center of the province. One of the main industries in the province is nickel mining, which is unfortunately leading to an increase in erosion and sedimentation in the rivers. Hydro-meteorological disasters are common in this region with frequent issues from flooding, landslides, coastal erosion, and extreme weather events.
During June 2019 flooding hit several areas of Southeast Sulawesi, including Kendari City and South Konawe District. The biggest flood happened on June 9, 2019 and impacted more than 7,000 people in the province and soaked more than 2,000 unit of houses4 with North Konawe as the most impacted district out of other seven impacted districts. In addition, in July 2019 Southeast Sulawesi experienced severe landslides as a result of heavy rain, including a major event on July 2, 20195 that blocked the main highway connecting Kendari, Konawe, and Kolaka with debris 10 m deep and 20 m wide.
From July to September, Kendari City and South Konawe District experienced a longer than usual dry season. This in line with BMKG alerts regarding the risk of drought in eight cities/districts (including Kendari and South Konawe) that might occur between August to November this year.6 As a result of this drought cashew nuts production, one of the main cash crops in the region, dropped significantly. In addition, in South Konawe, about 1,000 hectares of rice fields are impacted by prolonged drought with crop failure in approximately 600 hectares. The remaining 400 hectares can be harvested, although the yield is anticipated to be a lot less than normal. The dry season has also led to household water scarcity. Many families could not rely on their dug wells as their only source of clean water. They had to buy water from water vendor; an additional household expenses. These challenges highlight the importance of better watershed management to improve ground water recharge in the wet season and reduce the impact of drought as well as reduce flooding.
OVERVIEW The following section provides details of the main activities that were carried out during PY4 in Southeast Sulawesi in Kendari City and South Konawe. A full detailed list of all activities carried out during PY4 can be found in Annex E. Maps detailing activities in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Kendari City and South Konawe District can be found in Exhibits 6, 7, and 8 on the following pages including details of the villages where APIK is working. More detail on main activities can be found in the following activity overview section.
4 https://dmii.or.id/banjir-di-sulawesi-tenggara-karugian-mencapai-puluhan-miliar-rupiah/ 5 https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/07/02/15234861/jalan-trans-sulawesi-amblas-dan-terancam-putus- kendaraan-roda-4-dilarang 6 https://detiksultra.com/delapan-wilayah-di-sultra-bakal-dilanda-kekeringan
29 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Exhibit 6: Map Detailing Activities in Southeast Sulawesi Province
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 30 Exhibit 7: Map Detailing Activities in Kendari City
31 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Exhibit 8: Map Detailing Activities in South Konawe District
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 32 SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PY4 ACTIVITY OVERVIEW
INTEGRATION OF CLIMATE IMPACT AND DISASTER REDUCTION INTO REGIONAL PLANS AND REGULATIONS Advocating climate change related policies is not a “once size fits all” activity, but it is an interactive risk management process, which must be combined with appropriate financial resources channeled to relevant agencies. It is essential that there is also an appropriate and timely citizen consultation process prior to any strategies being adopted. This should ensure a much better and effective implementation of policy actions.
Southeast Sulawesi Governor legalized the Perda API On January 21st 2019, the Southeast Sulawesi Governor, Ali Mazi, signed and legalized the provincial regulation (Perda) on climate adaptation (Perda API 11/2019). In his remarks, Ali Mazi hoped that these local regulations will not only become the legal jurisdiction but also will be able to help the government in implementing resilience building initiatives within their area, from the provincial level until the village level. Southeast Sulawesi is the first province in Indonesia to release a formal local regulation that specifically addresses climate adaptation.
Following the signing of the Local Regulation (PERDA-API) and Kendari City 2017-2022 Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMD), APIK supported the Kendari City government in the preparation of climate adaptation action plan (RAD-API) and resilience assessment.
On May 2, 2019, APIK fulfilled the request of Bappeda Kendari City to facilitate a training on preparing the Climate Adaptation Action Plan (RAD API). Around 26 people from various planning divisions of city government agencies, NGOs and DRR Forum representatives joined the capacity building activity. The participants learned about how to use vulnerability and resilience assessments as inputs to RAD- API. After the training, the city government formed a technical team that is responsible for the completion of RAD-API. APIK document on City Resilience Index is included as one of the key performance indicators in the Kendari City RPJMD 2017-2022, and Kendari City Government is also budgeting for a resilience assessment that is planned to be carried out every year as one of their main development indicators. The Kendari city BPBD is leading this process and has established a facilitating team for the work, which also involves the APIK Southeast Sulawesi team.
APIK advocacy in integrating climate adaptation and disaster management into the 2018-2023 Southeast Sulawesi RPJMD, succeeded in convincing local governments and related parties about the importance of building regional resilience to climate change and disaster. New specific targets related to climate and disaster resilience in the 2018-2023 Southeast Sulawesi RPJMD, highlight this. The Southeast Sulawesi RPJMD Goal 8 (Combating Climate Change and its effects), emphasized the formulation of new Key Performance Indicators (IKU) related to disaster resilience, (Increasing the Regional Resilience Index to Disasters). Within the RPJMD, the provincial government has allocated IDR. 57,090,708,800 (approx. USD 4,308,733) for programs related to API-PRB specifically for the disaster risk reduction program in the Southeast Sulawesi BPBD and the climate change impact
33 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV program in Southeast Sulawesi. For example, the City of Kendari BPBD had allocated IDR 150,000,000 (approx. USD 11,321) for resilience scorecard and adaptation action plan development, while the marine and fishery agency in South Konawe has allocated IDR 1.084.913.000 (approx. USD 81,880) for mangrove planting in South Konawe coastal area.
APIK also supported the Southeast Sulawesi provincial government in integrating and institutionalizing the Vulnerability Assessment and District Resilience Plan to the RPJMD and Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS). The KLHS details a systematic process to evaluate the environmental consequences of a planning or policy document. The KLHS ensures that proposed planning documents include environmental, economic, and social considerations. By the end of this reporting Local Online Coverage on Integrating of Climated and Disaster Resilince in Southeast Sulawesi Province RPJMD period, Southeast Sulawesi Provincial government has finalized the KLHS for RPJMD. The document can be found in Annex F. APIK also integrated the climate and disaster resilience into KLHS for RZWP3K (Coastal and Small Islands Zoning Plan). The final document can be found in Annex G.
ENHANCING SPATIAL DATA FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPACITY APIK continued to support provincial government by providing maps of areas affected by flooding and landslides as a result of major flash flooding that hit the City in June 2019. APIK coordinated with the provincial and district BPBDs to obtain the disaster impact information, which was then converted into the spatial maps that the government needed. Four area maps were created and used by the local BPBDs, including Konawe, North Konawe, South Konawe, and East Kolaka Districts.
This support was then continued with a collaboration between APIK and OpenStreetMap Indonesia Group (POI). The partnership supported the provincial BPBD in setting up a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based platform where it can be utilized as a supporting tool for its climate and disaster information database management system. The platform is now accessible on https://openstreetmap.id/api-prb-sultra. The POI team has committed to host the platform, even after APIK project ends—a promising commitment for the sustainability of APIK’s work.
On June 24-27, 2019, the APIK team organized a participatory village map training for communities and government staff of Kendari City and South Konawe Districts. The capacity building provided participants from 15 different villages with the knowledge and skills to create digital maps by using OpenStreetMap (OSM). This digital mapping initiative is a strategic move from APIK to support the institutionalization of climate and disaster resilience actions at the village level.
Following the training success, APIK received an invitation from South Sulawesi Province to conduct the same activities for climate adaptation ecosystem based action for Lake Tempe area. After seeing APIK success in Southeast Sulawesi and its effective result in supporting SIDIK, The Indonesian Environment and Forestry Ministry (KLHK) then endorsed this approach to the South Sulawesi
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 34 Government. Located in west of Wajo District, South Sulawesi, Lake Tempe covered 5 sub district (Tempe, Belawa, Tanah Sitolo, Maniangpajo, and Sabbangparu) in Wajo. The training held on 29-30 August 2019, and attended by 64 participants. This shows a positive buy in and replication from local and national government towards APIK tools and approaches. Spatial data obtained from the participants then uploaded into KLHK Proklim website as part of adaptation action KLHK Proklim portal on Climate Adaptation Action catalogue for SIDIK.
SUPPORTING GOVERNMENT PRIORITY PROGRAMS APIK continues to give support to government priorities in Southeast Sulawesi. Following APIK support in formulating a strategy and giving guidance on integrating climate resilience and disaster risk management in to the KPPN (National Village Priority Area) Tinanggea Masterplan, an initiative of the national government to encourage good practices in development at village level. Within this reporting period, APIK ensured the integration of KPPN Tinanggea Masterplan in to each villages budget and planning documents. Through APIK support, 13 villages in KPPN Tinanggea have been able to allocate climate adaptation and disaster management activities in to their village budget. These activities include mangrove protection / reforestation, silvofishery, vulnerability assessments, climate field schools for seaweed and rice, and EWS installation. These activities are funded by the South Konawe government, thereby demonstrating the strong buy-in of APIK approaches and activities by the local government.
Still in South Konawe, APIK efforts to integrate climate and disaster management in the district regulation for Village Fund Allocation KPTB (Disaster Resilience Village Area) in West Ranomeeto and Sabualoka has also been successful. Due to APIK assistance and advocacy, the local government is aware of the need for a landscape and trans-boundary approach to tackle flooding in the areas of West Ranometo and Sabulakoa Sub-Districts. APIK built capacity of local government in flood mitigation and management and also gave input on how to protect agriculture commodities that are vulnerable to climate and weather impact. In total APIK advocacy in utilizing village funds in ensuring sustainability in those area has resulted in IDR. 1,535,315,000 (approx. USD 115, 8723) village fund allocated for climate and disaster resilience activities.
In the City of Kendari, APIK conducted training and workshops to strengthen community resilience through Proklim. The training was held at the Attaya Hotel in Kendari on August 20-21, 2019, and attended by 32 representatives from the urban villages in Kendari City. Through this activity, APIK is building sustainability strategies by replicating APIK efforts and approach building community resilience within the area. By integrate APIK approaches to Proklim villages; APIK hoped that Kendari will be able to further improve resilience towards disaster and climate impact, through institutionalization of climate and disaster resilience in government activities.
35 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV APIK continues to support the BPBD program addressing SPAB (Disaster Resilience Taskforce Education), a national program in increasing disaster resilience in school. BPBD and APIK believes that school has a tangible role in building disaster resilience through disaster management programs and activities embedded in their education system/curriculum. A disaster and evacuation drill was held in Lepo-Lepo, South Konawe, on April 29, 2019, and this SPAB Facilitator Training, in Kendari 26-27 September2019 was followed with a facilitator training for SPAB held on September 26-27 2019, with Kendari BPBD. The facilitators trained are the schoolteacher and BPBD staff itself. During the training, teachers from 43 schools around City of Kendari were trained on basic disaster preparedness and how to formulate an action plan for each school. APIK will continues this program by conducting disaster and evacuation drill in City of Kendari.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH TO REDUCING FLOOD RISK Kampung Salo is located in a narrow valley at the foot of Nipa-Nipa Mountain in Kendari City. Many parts of this area have more than 25-degree slopes. Kampung Salo is prone to flooding from runoff upstream. The flooding is getting worse as a result of poor forest management upstream with land being cleared for housing and agriculture plus more extreme weather events (e.g. heavier rainfall). In addition, the downstream area of Kampung Salo is located near the shoreline and when there is a high tide in combination with heavy rain, the flooding is even worse in this area. In 2017, a major flood struck the area affecting 2,216 people and caused significant loss of assets and infrastructure.
APIK and BPBD Kendari conducted a joint assessment for flood mitigation measures in Kampung Salo. The initial step was the establishment of a KSB (Disaster Management Group), followed by preparation of a disaster risk reduction and adaptation action plan. In addition to establishing the KSB, other priorities identified include the installation of an early warning system for flooding, improved solid waste management, and holding disaster simulations so that community members know how to respond when there is flooding. Solid waste management is important as the drainage canals in the village get clogged up with plastic waste and the water cannot drain quickly so flood risk is increased.
APIK partnered with the national oil and gas company, PT. Pertamina, in Kendari to support solid waste management in Kampung Salo. A PT. Pertamina fuel storage depot is located around four kilometres east of Kampung Salo and is also impacted by the flooding. PT. Pertamina agreed to support the implementation of waste management in Kampung Salo through Waste Bank program, and allocated IDR 80,000,000 (approx. USD 6,000) to support this effort.
In the waste bank model, waste is deposited and weighed and its value is calculated. This value is transferred to an individual household’s bank account, so the activity of depositing garbage is the same as depositing money. Waste that has value includes plastic, glass, and metal. Trash is collected in the bank before being distributed to collectors for further processing for recycling. Waste banks only accept dry (inorganic) waste. Wet (organic) waste such as food leftovers are being processed by the community into compost.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 36 On December 1, 2018, APIK and PT. Pertamina launched Bank Sampah Ikhlas Bakti in Kampung Salo and the KSB in Kampung Salo was appointed as the operator. DLH Kota Kendari participated in the event as the waste bank management serves as an example for replication by DLH in other areas in the city. Present was also PT. Citra Utama Mandiri, a leading company that specializes in waste management and already implemented an Android-based application used in other waste banks in Indonesia. PT. Citra Utama Mandiri will Representatives from Pertamina, APIK, environment office at the waste provide capacity building to the KSB with funding bank launching event. support from PT. Pertamina.
STRENGTHENING USAID APIK PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT APIK organized a courtesy visit to Southeast Sulawesi on March 18-19, 2019. The visit aimed to provide an update on project activities and highlighted the need to reinforce collaboration for the remaining period of the project. The visit was attended Mr. Matthew Burton, (Director of Environment USAID), Mr. Yusak Opposunggu (Contracting Officer Representative USAID APIK), Mrs. Sri Tantri (Director of Climate Change Adaptation, Ministry of Environment and Forestry), Meeting with Southeast Sulawesi Governor. Mr. Berton Panjaitan (Head of Sub-Directorate for Disaster Prevention, BNPB), and Mr. Paul Jeffery (APIK Chief of Party). On the first day, the group had a courtesy meeting with the acting head of Bappeda and representatives of Southeast Sulawesi provincial government. Following the visit, and in the afternoon, the group moved to Kampung Salo, Kendari City to discuss with the community a disaster preparedness group on disaster preparedness particularly on flash flooding. Additionally, the team also checked the progress of waste bank project, which is a collaboration effort with PT. Pertamina.
On the second day, the team met with the Mayor of Kendari City (Sulkarnain), Head of South Konawe District (Surunuddin Dangga), and the Governor of Southeast Sulawesi (Ali Mazi). Within the visit to his office, Southeast Sulawesi Governor was impressed with what APIK has done so far in Southeast Sulawesi. The governor requested that the good practices carried out by APIK in Kendari and South Konawe be replicated in other Southeast Sulawesi districts.
The team also visited Kalla Kakao Industri and discussed the impact of climate change on cocoa production. In particular, KKI emphasized that they are operating at less than 30% of capacity with climatic and weather related issues, particularly wet conditions during harvest and extended dry periods when the cocoa trees are fruiting, being part of the reason why production is so low. A field visit to Aepodu Village, South Konawe District to meet farmers who joined the climate field school (CFS) was conducted in the same day. During the visit, farmers who have completed CFS were given certificates by APIK, which will be used as one of the collateral for farmers and as a guarantee letter to obtain loans from the regional development bank (Bank Sultra). Farmers also mentioned that they have expanded the lessons learned from the CFS to many farmers in the village and at least 30 hectares
37 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV of corn are currently growing using this methodology. More detail on the work of APIK with businesses in Southeast Sulawesi is included in the Private Sector section of this report (in cross- cutting section).
IMPROVING SEAWEED FARMERS CLIMATE RESILIENCE Seaweed production is one of the main commodities for people living in the coastal area. Within PY4, APIK supported 25 farmers from five seaweed farmer groups that were struggling because of an inability to adapt to the changing climate and weather cycle, which affected the cultivation process.
In Rumba-Rumba, the seaweed farmers had a drastic decline in their production due to ice-ice disease, which hardened the seaweed's tissues making it hard to cultivate. In collaboration with the village government, APIK activities in Rumba-Rumba was to support farmer to maximize community economy benefits from commercial seaweed production. Seaweed production has been declining in Rumba-Rumba not only due to ice-ice disease but also as the clearing of seaweed wetland habitats for other fisheries products and infrastructure such as docks and boat route, had threatened the seaweed farmers. APIK worked with the community to help restore the seaweed production and to be able to ensure a stable income for seaweed farmers. APIK provided rafts, nets, and more importantly, knowledge in good seaweed farming practices. Together with the POKJA API-PRB in Rumba-Rumba (Community Working Group in Climate Adaptation and Disaster Management) Bu Maulia, Seaweed Farmer in Rumba-Rumba APIK conducted series of training events, both in seaweed production and in strengthening the institution itself.
Through using a participatory approach, the POKJA was able to propose funding for seaweed production activities through the village funds mechanism. As a result, Rumba-Rumba village government allocated its village funds for the seed purchase. Between May and June 2019, there were three households of seaweed farmers, that successfully harvested the seaweed and sold them to the market. On average, they received around IDR 3 million every month by selling 166 kg of dried seaweeds. Prior to APIK intervention they were only able to harvest 100 kg of wet seaweed a month, which also has a cheaper value compared to the dried one. These types of adaptation action that directly impact the local economy are typically the most sustainability as people feel the immediate benefit and recognize the importance of continuing to adapt.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 38 3. MALUKU
REGIONAL PROFILE In Maluku, climate change is aggravating livelihood security and causing shifts in labor movement patterns—from fishing to farming (and the reverse), as well as from rural work to urban employment. In terms of disaster risk, the remoteness of Maluku presents a key challenge for natural disaster preparedness and response. In the small island context, with the challenges posed by disaster response capacity and timing, hydro-meteorological hazards such as erosion and high tidal waves can have a greater impact. On September 26th 2019 Maluku was struck by a 6.5 magnitude earthquake7. The earthquake caused a major panic to the people in Ambon Island due to the spread of false rumors that a large tsunami will occur soon. However, the self-evacuation by the community who ran to higher places showed a good indication of awareness regarding disaster risk reduction. Haruku and Morella Village are part of APIK intervention area and these two villages were severely impacted by the earthquake. Approximately 100,000 people were displaced from Ambon, Central Maluku, and West Seram and more than 6,000 houses and buildings were damaged8. According to the information from the village government, 393 houses were damaged in Haruku Village and around 3,712 people were evacuated to four evacuation points in the hills above the village. in Morella Village, 392 houses were damaged and 920 people evacuated. In Haruku, the APIK activity of preparing and installing evacuation route maps and evacuation signs proved effective when the earthquake struck as the community relied on these to know where to go following the quake. APIK postponed some activities due to the earthquake. The APIK team voluntarily donated non-food items for Haruku and Morella. Tropical Cyclone Lili also affected Ambon during May 2019. Tropical Cyclone Lili9 was a small and relatively weak off-season tropical cyclone that brought moderate impacts to the Maluku Islands and East Timor, and mild impacts to other parts of eastern Indonesia. Southwest Maluku (Maluku Barat Daya) was the most impacted area as this district experienced flooding due to the cyclone. There were no casualties, but the flood height reached up to 1.5 meters in some areas. BMKG Pattimura Ambon informed the community to avoid the sea due to extreme weather and high waves. The high waves reached up to 2.5 meters in Aru Islands, one of APIK working area. In addition, on August 7th and 11th 201910, BMKG Pattimura Ambon, released an early warning as based on the BMKG satellite, high tidal waves (1.25 - 4 meters) were forming in several places in the Maluku area, especially Banda Sea, Kei, Aru and Tanimbar. These high waves combined with strong winds (15- 27 knots) caused many problems for both fisherfolk and ferry transportation within the area. OVERVIEW The following section provides details of the main activities that were carried out during PY4 in Maluku. A detailed list of all activities carried out during PY4 can be found in Annex H. Maps detailing activities in Maluku Province, Ambon City and the Lease Islands as well as the Aru Islands District can be found in Exhibits 9,10, and 11 below. These maps include details on the Island Cluster system which is inherent to APIK’s landscape approach and also detail on all of the villages where APIK is working.
7 https://www.cbsnews.com/news/indonesia-earthquake-today-island-ambon-maluku-province-deadly-quake- latest-updates-2019-09-26/ 8 https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-49936623 9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Lili_(2019) 10 https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20190811/243/1135033/gelombang-setinggi-4-meter-berpotensi-terjadi-di- laut-arafura
39 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Exhibit 9: Map Detailing Activities in Maluku Province
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 40 Exhibit 10: Map Detailing Activities in Ambon City and Lease Islands
41 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Exhibit 11: Map Detailing Activities in Aru Islands
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 42 MALUKU PY4 ACTIVITY OVERVIEW
BUILDING LOCAL RESILIENCE THROUGH CLIMATE ADAPTATION PLANNING APIK continued to support strengthening landscape resilience in Maluku by assisting the local government in formulating adaptation strategies and action plans. By addressing each area’s specific characteristic, adaptation plans are very different in their content, goals and coverage. Implementation of adaptation actions then mainstreamed into existing sectoral policies guided by a dedicated adaptation strategy and accompanied by an action plan.
The Climate Adaptation Action Plan (RAD API) includes multiple sectors and multiple levels and so is contingent upon good inter-agency collaboration. To be able to address the risk of climate change in comprehensive way, each and every subnational government agency needs to have a climate resilience strategy linked to the RAD API. The document is the basis for mainstreaming adaptation and climate resilience into development planning and spatial planning at the subnational level and is the synthesis of all assessments on climate issues in the region, and can be used in strategic environmental assessment (KLHS).
Within PY4, APIK supported government to complete the formulation of Maluku Province Local Mitigation and Adaptation Plan (RAD MAPI), the adaptation plan can be seen in Annex I. and the final draft for Local Mitigation and Adaptation Action Plan (RAD MAPI) for City of Ambon and Aru Island District. The RAD MAPI document for Maluku Province will be handed over to Maluku Government in December 2019. While RAD MAPI document for Aru Island District and City of Ambon are currently being revised by the local BAPPEDA and is scheduled to be handed over on November 2019. In Central Maluku District, APIK had finalized the Local Action Plan for Adaptation and Disaster Management (RAD API-PRB) on March 2019.
An important aim of the process is to build local ownership of the assessments. In order to do this, APIK ensured local government officials led the process with the APIK team providing technical support and facilitation. This takes more time and is an intense process but leads to greater sustainability and likelihood of leveraging local government budgets. The process also develops local capacity, identifies local experts, and connects the experts with government as potential future resources.
Following formulation of the RAD MAPI at Provincial and City/District level, APIK then continues the effort in mainstreaming climate impact adaptation in regional development plans and budgeting. In Central Maluku climate resilience strategies were integrated into their regional midterm development plan (RPJMD) based on the vulnerability assessment (VA) and the district’s resilience assessment. The VA helped identify appropriate adaptation options in addressing the risk profiles, while the resilience assessment helped identify areas for resilience Public consultation on Maluku Province RPJMD, July 27, 2019 building.
43 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV The Central Maluku District Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) has been finalized in the 2nd Quarter of PY4. Within the document, the district included climate resilience and disaster risk management as one of the main priorities within the RPJMD. In total the district allocated IDR 361,338,982,772 (approx. USD 27,270,865) for climate impact and disaster management for the 2017 – 2022 period. From this total amount Central Maluku allocated USD 5,760,932 for climate adaptation and mitigation activities – this was not included in the previous RPJMD. While for disaster management activities, the amount of government investment drastically increased from USD 1,093,889 in the previous RPJMD to USD 21,509,933. Therefore, climate and disaster resilience has been successfully integrated in to Central Maluku development planning as well as increased awareness of local government to disaster management and climate impact issues to build local resilience. This five-year budget has been translated to the annual budgets to be operationalized by the government agencies. For example, the Central Maluku Public Work and Settlements Agency has allocated IDR 2,453,449,000 (approx. USD $ 185,186) for a sea wall in Ameth and wave breaker in Siri-Sori Islam since these areas have experienced coastal erosion.
In Ambon Province, the government recognized APIK’s contribution to resilience in the province by appointing APIK as a member of the team developing the Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS-Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis). APIK input to the KLHS has been accommodated on chapter 3 of the document. APIK input can be seen in Annex J. Following, APIK and BAPPEDA (Local Development Agency) held a join event on Public Consultation for Maluku’s RPJMD last year, APIK conducted public consultation by held a workshop in integrating climate and disaster impact resilience in 12 local agencies in the provincial level. Through the workshop, APIK has been able in approaching each agency in integrating climate and disaster resilience through their program. For example, the provincial BPBD had planned to conduct City and District Resilience Scorecard in all city/districts, and formulating Local Regulation on Disaster Management (PerDa PRB). APIK will following up this activity in ensuring the budgeting process in each program and activities that scheduled to take place within the last months of 2019.
Across the province for the 2019 fiscal year APIK Maluku has supported local government agencies to allocate IDR 23,446,866,478 (approx. USD 1,769,575) so far for building climate and disaster resilience activities. This includes the administrations: Maluku Province, Central Maluku District, Aru Islands District, and Ambon City. For example, Ambon City Bappelitbangda has allocated funds to create a local action plan for climate mitigation and adaptation and water supply capacity survey. While District of Aru allocated IDR 5,551,923,728 (approx. USD 419,013) for water supply and resources program as a direct response to APIK findings in the Vulnerability Assessment and district resilience indicators.
TRANS-BOUNDARY COOPERATION Linkages between the different landscapes and islands in Maluku province play an important role in the everyday life of people in Maluku, including driving the local economy and access to essential services. The relationships between islands is being affected by climate change; for example, more extreme weather events and unpredictable storms have a significant impact on travel between islands and can prevent people accessing markets or getting to a doctors or hospitals.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 44 Following the previous Trans Boundary workshop held on November 29 2018, on 16- 17 July 2019, APIK and Maluku Province Bappeda conducted a follow up workshop to identify the main issues between regions to be inserted in Strategic Environment Assessment (KLHS) documents for Provincial RPJMD. The newly developed RPJMD includes the impact, influences, the frequency and intensity of hydrometeorology disasters, such as strong winds, tidal waves, heavy rain, storms, floods, landslides and droughts cause significant human FGD on identification of transboundary problems and strategic issues related and economic losses. to environment sector, July 17, 2019
Cross Boundary issues like solid waste management, disaster management, and water resource management between City of Ambon and Central Maluku District or water/sea transportation, food security, and water resource management between Buru District and South Buru District as mapped within the first workshop are now been acknowledged by the provincial government. A more comprehensive and collaborative effort is now underway to tackle these issues at the provincial level. Due to APIK input, Maluku’s official is now become more aware of these issues, and to prepare to minimize potential losses through integrating climate and disaster resilience in their planning.
FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN RIVER BASINS Together with BPBD, APIK assisted the Maluku Province and the local agencies in the city of Ambon in implementing the Flood Management for Selected River Basins (FMSRB) program to increase synergy between provincial and city levels agencies in tackling issues related to flood in DAS (Daerah Aliran Sungai - Watershed) Batu Merah and Way Ruhu in City of Ambon. The FMSRB itself is funded through a loan from Asian Development Bank (ADB) to Government of Indonesia (GoI). It aims to increase the readiness of stakeholders in managing and reducing flood risks through an integrated flood management approach in the river basin. APIK sees FMSRB as a good opportunity to align and integrate climate and disaster resilience to good watershed and riverbank management.
Based on Ministry of Public Works Decree 395/KPTS/M/2012, Batu Merah Watershed, at Ambon City Maluku, covers 685,14 ha including the area of Batu Merah Village and a part of Soya Village. Batu Merah River, is included in Ambon Seram River Basin (Wilayah Sungai Ambon-Seram).
Ministry of Public Works data shows, the maximum water debit of the river is 140.4 cubic/second, during rainy season the water debit frequently increases to 237.2 cubic/second. The Ambon-Seram River Basin is prone to flash floods caused by torrential rain, contraction of the river section in many locations, and backwater due to tidal effects. Landslides frequently occur in the highly fragile mountain slopes that are FMSRB Workshop in Ambon, 26-28 February 2019 deforested. Due to climate and weather
45 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV impact, the intensity of heavy rainfall during storms is likely to increase the risk of flood and landslide.
Due to its program nature, most of the FMSRB activities are based on infrastructure such as embankments strengthening, river normalization, dredging, and several other construction activities. APIK supports to the program mostly focus on non-structural activities such as building public awareness and increasing flood preparedness.
APIK efforts in increasing flood preparedness as a support for FMSRB at all levels (both individuals and communities) is determined by different factors, including past direct and indirect exposures to flood and experiences from previous flooding events in Ambon. APIK interventions include the levels of emergency preparedness for flood at households and community levels.
DEVELOPING INCLUSIVE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS APIK improves disaster preparedness for individuals and institutions. Importantly, this includes education institutions such as schools and universities. On May 21-23rd APIK conducted basic training courses for disaster preparedness for 36 students in the University of Pattimura, Ambon, building awareness, basic disaster management, and identifying evacuation routes are the first steps in ensuring the resilience of the universities. During the event, APIK emphasized the importance of having a standard operational procedure for disaster preparedness and response as well as a contingency plan. APIK also shared information on how to use technology in disaster management, such as GIS, Vulnerability Assessments, or Open Street Map application to map the disaster prone areas and the evacuation routes.
From August 28 to September 4 2019, APIK conducted a series of disaster preparedness actions for school students. Together with BPBD Maluku, APIK produced communication products, such as handbooks, leaflets and posters and disseminated these to 20 high schools including 16 elementary school and 4 special needs schools (SLB-Sekolah Luar Biasa). Through APIK’s initiatives to improve the disaster education system within school by giving proper knowledge on basic disaster management skills and information, at least 239 students from all level have a better understanding on what to do when disasters strike.
Children with disabilities are among the most vulnerable to natural disasters. Many find it difficult to cope when their environment and support systems are impacted by a disaster. Children, especially those with special needs require more preparation and assistance to participate in emergency evacuation plans or to move quickly from an area affected by a Disaster Preparedness Event for Students with disabilities disaster.
APIK scaled up the effort to institutional level so DRM is integrated within the educational system by strengthening the capacities of Universities and School in disaster preparedness and post-disaster response, and establishing networks between schools, universities and BPBD to support each other in times of disaster.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 46 COLLABORATING WITH GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES AND EVENTS APIK continues to give support to government priorities in Maluku. On November 11, 2018, as part of the Maluku Province Government (Dewi Bulan) Program to help maritime villages become sustainable through eco-tourism, APIK conducted training for Hukurila Village officials on participatory vulnerability assessment and disaster risk assessment in collaboration with Bappeda. The Head of Hukurila Village is interested in replicating APIK programs specifically on waste management and sustainable environment protection through village regulations. APIK and Hukurila Village agreed to develop vulnerability assessment and produce adaptation options. The agreement between APIK and Hukurila Village shows the good buy-in and good practices for program replication in Maluku Province. This also highlights that APIK has become a vital partner for the provincial Bappeda when it comes to climate and disaster resilience program development.
On March 26th 2019, APIK and Soya disaster reduction working groups (POKJA PRB) held Green Campaign and tree planting activity in a Landslide Prone Area in Soya Village. Soya Village suffered from a series of landslide events from 2013 until 2017. As part of campaign activities, APIK and the POKJA replanted the trees in the landslide-prone area as way to stabilize the sloping terrain, protect water sources, and strengthen environmental conservation. APIK and POKJA planted mahogany and rain tree (trembesi) in the landslide-prone and water resource areas. More than 60 participants including village officials, community representatives, disaster response group (Taruna Siaga Bencana – TAGANA), students of SMPN 10 Kayu Putih, Ambon City Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction forum (Forum API PRB) of Ambon City participated during this event.
On April 9 2019, APIK supported the HKBN (Disaster Awareness Day Campaign) event in Maluku. The event was a national event and opened by the head of BNPB, Donny Monardo. APIK conducted several preliminary events, such as disaster management training for students in Hatu 14 Public Junior High School, and drafting the “Jaga Alam” declaration. The “Jaga Alam” declaration consists of ten points, aligned with development goals, regarding environmental protection, waste management and climate adaptation and mitigation. As many as 325 students from Hatu 14 Public Junior High School attended the disaster management training on April 16th. On May 29-30th, APIK conducted disaster preparatory mapping in Islamic Boarding School (MTS) Negeri 04, Sirisori Islam in Saparua, where 19 school officials and teachers participated in assembling a vulnerability assessment for the school.
On September 20, 2019, APIK and Ambon City Government conducted a joint activity on Ambon Bay Coastal Cleanup Campaign. Within the event, APIK and City of Ambon raised awareness of people and communities in Ambon to protect Ambon Bay from plastic waste, and reduce the threat of floods in coastal area. Within the campaign, around 3,000 students from Ambon City and various villages in Ambon bay coastal area rallied together with the common goal of collecting and cleaning the trash littering Ambon bay. Ambon Bay Clean Up, Ambon, September 20, 2019
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT (VA) Within PY4, APIK completed the Vulnerability Assessment for Aru Island District. APIK conducted a public consultation on December 12, 2018 to disseminate the VA result and recommendations to the local government. Within the VA, six priority sectors are highlighted that are prone to climate and
47 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV disaster risk. Those six sectors are fisheries, agriculture, marine transportation, water, infrastructure, and settlement. It was noted that high waves, extreme rainfall, drought, and cyclone are the main climate related hazard in Aru. The local government also agreed with the list of adaptation actions and measures highlighted in the VA. For example, reducing coastal erosion through mangrove plantation, income diversification and improving navigation system for fisherfolk are highly appreciated by the local government official.
In Aru, APIK focuses activities in Durjela Village in Wamar Island. Based on the Vulnerability Assessment, Durjela is highly vulnerable regarding its water supply. On December 12, 2018, APIK met with the Head of Aru Islands District, dr. Johan Gonga. He explained that the absence of hilly areas and combined with the island soil structure leads to difficulties for people accessing clean water. For example, in Wamar Island, the local water company (PDAM) had to limit the water distribution in September to December 2018 due to the decrease of water discharge during dry season.
Based on Vulnerability and Climate Risk Assessment of Aru Islands carried out by APIK in 2019, some areas in Wamar Island are indicated as having severe water shortages because it cannot meet the need of 60 liter/person/day clean water as standardized in SNI 19.6728.1-2002 regarding water resource planning. Durjela Village has suffered from an aging and overburdened water system that mainly depends on deep bore well/underground water resource with average 7-8-meter-deep, which are highly vulnerable to seawater intrusion. Water Survey in Durjela, July 21 2019 Based on these findings on the field and vulnerable assessment document, on July 21 2019, APIK conducted water preliminary survey in Durjela Village. APIK then conducted public consultation and hearing the next day in order to integrate this issue in Durjela’s planning and budgeting document.
IMPROVING LOCAL CAPACITY IN GIS AND SPATIAL MAPPING APIK continues to provide capacity building training for local government staff on GIS and spatial planning. In the previous quarter, APIK received a request from the local health office for GIS training to enable them to map the malaria transmission area. Following this training, APIK conducted several follow up training programs for the health agency.
In Aru Islands, APIK conducted two GIS training series in disaster vulnerability mapping and geo- statistic data processing. The participants learned to perform digitization by themselves. Some maps— such as potential risks and hazards in coastal erosion and floods were generated into information that includes border areas, disaster prone areas, and natural resource locations useful for adaptation efforts.
On July 11 2019, APIK conducted KoBoColect training for planners from Central Maluku BPBD. KoBoCollect is an android-based system used for primary data collection. With the application, one can enter data from interviews or other primary data, both online or offline, without using forms. There are no limits on the number of forms, questions, or submissions (including photos and other media) that can be saved on their own android device. With this application, BPBD staff are able to
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 48 update the disaster data more frequently. Disaster data updates are very crucial in building disaster preparedness system within the agency.
The availability of a village map can support the acceleration of development in the village. Through the Village Map, visual information on the spatial/ territory of a village can be used as a means of coordination, monitoring, and evaluation of village development and rural area development. The village map also includes the information on adaptation actions and enables it to integrate it into the village information platform. Through the mapping, the integration of climate and disaster resilience into the village development process can occur systematically and be institutionalized. From 13 to 14 August 2019, APIK conducted a training on open street map based village mapping. 13 representatives from APIK villages attended this event, along with The climate resilience mapping platform for Maluku is available on https://openstreetmap.id/apik-maluku/ representatives from local government agencies.
STRENGTHENING COORDINATION THROUGH USAID VISIT AND COURTESY MEETING On August 21st, 2019, The USAID Indonesia Director of Program Office, Elizabeth Mendenhall met with Dr. Barnabas Nathaniel Orno as Maluku Vice Governor in Ambon to share progress made by ongoing project in climate and disaster resilience USAID Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan (APIK). Witnessed by government officials, community representatives, and media. Also, to mark the 70-year diplomatic relations between the Government of the United States and Indonesia, the representatives of USAID Indonesia visited APIK project sites in Maluku. Together with representative of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), Arif Wibowo, as the Head of Sub-Directorate for Damage Identification and Analysis, Elizabeth Mendenhall witnessed first-hand community development in increasing resilience to climate and disaster risk.
The delegations visited Wassu Village in Haruku Island, Central Maluku District, to discuss with community and local government representatives that were actively involved in APIK’s activity aiming to improve public access to the climate and weather information (CWI) by installing the display board. This display board is utilized by community to improve the preparedness in facing high waves, strong winds, and rain. From Wassu Village, the visit continued to Haruku Village, where the community depend on agricultural and marine product. The delegations also had a chance to meet the head of the village, Eli Kissya, who has been cultivating a variety of vegetables as an alternative livelihood to meet daily needs especially during storms, given that Haruku faces difficulties in accessing fresh products. In addition, the delegations visited the mangrove field where a thousand mangrove seedlings were planted along the coastline in June 2018 to protect the coastal area.
49 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV The visit was continued to Soya village to see how community has been improving their adaptive capacity in facing landslide. APIK supported technical assistance for local government and community groups to boost the village funds allocating for normalizing river and providing clean water at the village level. More, the delegations discussed on how various activities were organized through resilience fund; the development of landslide contingency plan The USAID Indonesia Director of Program Office, Elizabeth Mendenhall met document, risk map and disaster-prone area with Maluku Vice Governor, Dr. Barnabas Nathaniel Orno, on August 21st, signs. To follow up, community group 2019, in Ambon City. planted 200 mahogany seeds in landslide prone areas where water resources are located. The visit was finished by visiting Allang village to see the effort to improve the local economy and community preparedness, through solar dryer utilization to help community to adapt the extreme weather.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 50 SECTION 4: CROSS-CUTTING
SUMMARY In this section, we present the crosscutting initiatives that support the implementation of technical tasks and activities at national and subnational levels. The report is organized under the following crosscutting technical areas: private sector engagement, resilience fund, gender mainstreaming, and communication/knowledge management.
PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT
ESTABLISH AND LEVERAGE PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS TO STRENGTHEN LOCAL RESILIENCE During PY4, APIK established partnerships with a number of new businesses. APIK formalized agreements with Kalla Kakao Industri to support community resilience in cocoa production in South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi, and also with Yayasan Sahabat Multi Bintang to strengthen the water and tourism sectors in Mojokerto, East Java. By the end of PY4, APIK has successfully engaged with 13 companies/enterprises in at least 4 sectors, namely agriculture, poultry, agro-forestry, and water. With the initial contribution from private actors around US$ 99,203.36 as a stimulant for climate adaptation activities in the community level, it is expected to create around US$ 9,337,723 value of partnership within the value chain with 8,716 persons in the community benefitting in the piloting areas.
Exhibit 12: Summary of APIK Private Sector Engagement in PY4
The APIK Private Sector Engagement (PSE) approach has attracted attention of several other agencies, namely Winrock, Mercy Corps Indonesia, UNICEF, UNIDO, and the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS). UNICEF has used the APIK’s knowledge on private sector engagement to design their activity on business engagement for community resilience.
51 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV BUSINESS PERCEPTION SURVEY 2019 In Q4 PY4, APIK conducted an end line for business perception survey to understand the changes in business awareness regarding the impact of climate disasters to their businesses11. Findings of this survey have been compared to the results of the initial survey in 2017. The changes found in the survey are described as follows:
Knowledge about climate change Results of the survey in 2019 showed that there are changes on the knowledge of private actors with regards to climate impact, compared to the results of similar survey in 2017. Most (15 respondents) of the respondents in 2019 are more aware that climate change is about weather anomaly that could create disasters.
Exhibit 13: Changes in Knowledge about Climate Change
N=15
Awareness on the impact of climate change to the businesses of the company Almost all surveyed companies stated that they are aware about the impact of climate change to the businesses of their company. There is an increase on the number of companies (4 companies), who realize that increasing average temperature can give significant impacts to their businesses.
Exhibit 14: Changes in Awareness on the Impact of Climate Change to Business
N=15
11 The survey was conducted during the Q4PY4, involving 15 companies as respondents (10 companies in Jakarta and 5 companies in East Java). All companies have involved in APIK events (i.e. workshop, FGDs, meetings), and five of them have partnerships with APIK.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 52 Company readiness to adapt with the climate risks A total of 11 of the 15 respondents that have been involved in APIK activities (workshops, meetings, trainings) confirm that their company are ready to adapt to climate risks (an increase of 37,5% from 2017). In addition, 10 out of 15 respondents stated that their company are planning to develop a climate adaptation strategy.
Exhibit 15: Changes in Company Readiness and Availability of Climate Adaptation Strategy
N=15 N=15 `
Adaptation and/or mitigation actions implemented by companies As the companies’ awareness on climate disaster impacts is increasing, there is an increase on the number of companies who conduct adaptation and/or mitigation actions. Compared to 2017, more companies (4 companies more than the baseline) are investing in ecosystem, watershed, and other environmental activities as well as preparing business continuity plan in 2019.
Exhibit 16: Changes in Mitigation and/or Adaptation Actions Implemented by Company
N=15
In PY4, private sector partnership implementation is already underway with four companies in the three regional areas as follows:
53 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV SOUTHEAST SULAWESI The Partnership Agreement with PT Kalla Kakao Industri (KKI) was signed on November13, 2018. The aim of the partnership with KKI is to improve the resilience of cocoa farmers in South Konawe District through upgrading the capacity of KKI staff in weather and climate information knowledge and build their skills on climate adaptation in cocoa cultivation. The partnership will initially target at least 10 field officers of KKI and 100 farmers from 2 pilot villages. The initial contribution from KKI is estimated to be around US$ 16,226 in the form of venue and logistic for Training of Trainers (ToT), remuneration for their field officers, technical assistance for farmers during the implementation of climate smart cocoa cultivation, and provide financial sources for selected adaptation actions in the local community. The projected value of this partnership is around US$ 840,000. Exhibit 17 details the roles and responsibilities of each parties in this collaboration.
Exhibit 17: APIK Collaboration with KKI
The partnership implementation with Bank Sultra, Syngenta, and ACA Insurance has resulted in the increase of Climate Field School (CFS) participants’ productivity, as well as replication by other farmers in South Konawe. In the next planting seasons, the trained farmers have implemented the knowledge and skills that they got during the training and shared their knowledge to other farmers in the surrounding area. Around 85 farmers in South Konawe have replicated the knowledge and information from the CFS participants in about 170 hectares of land during the planting seasons until August 2019.
Most of the farmers are interested in corn cultivation due to the potential of the productivity that can be doubled by implementing Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) (from 3 tons/ha to 7 tons/ha), as well as the increase of demand from the market. APIK has prepared a guideline for climate smart corn cultivation that will be used by Bappeda of Southeast Sulawesi Province for dissemination of CSA approach to other districts in the province.
To provide their working capital, there are three types of financial sources that have been accessed by farmers (participants of CFS), namely Bank BRI, Input Supplier, and their own money. Around 10 farmers received loans from BRI with the amount IDR 10 million per farmer per planting season. Farmers prefer to access loan to BRI rather than to Bank Sultra since BRI has a simple and easy procedure to be fulfilled by farmers. Besides, the agent of BRI actively offers the loans to farmers. Around five farmers received the support from input suppliers (CV Putra Soppeng) in terms of seeds, fertilizer, etc. Input supplier calculated the inputs provided to the farmers when they sell the corn to the supplier. The rest of farmers use their own money to cultivate the corn.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 54 EAST JAVA The Partnership Agreement with PT Multi Bintang Indonesia (represented by Yayasan Sahabat Multi Bintang/YSMB) was signed on December 6, 2018. The aim of the partnership with YSMB is to improve resilience of community in the landscape Claket, Padusan, and Pacet Villages in Pacet Sub-district, Mojokerto District, through enhancing the environmentally friendly tourism activities in the landscape, thus protecting livelihoods and building resilience of the community to climate and weather related risks. The initial contribution of private partners is around US$ 22,600 consisting of co-financing with APIK for participatory vulnerability assessment, technical assistance to local community on tourism development, and provide financial sources for selected adaptation actions in the local community. The projected value of this partnership is around US$ 95,836. Exhibit 18 details the roles and responsibilities of each parties in this collaboration.
Exhibit 18: APIK Collaboration with YSMB
The results of participatory assessment in four villages in the landscape of Pacet-Mojokerto has been disseminated by YSMB and APIK to related institutions in Mojokerto (i.e. Environmental Agency - DLH, Disaster Management Agency - BPBD, State Forest Enterprise - Perum Perhutani, Taman Hutan Raya - TAHURA, Tourism Agency - Dinas Pariwisata). Rehabilitation of catchment area in Pacet Lansdcape and the revitalization of community based water supply management system (HIPPAM) have been chosen as adaptation actions that will be supported by YSMB. As a start, 24 champions have participated in Training of Trainers (ToT) on Bamboo Climate Field School, conducted in Padusan Village on August 2019. This training aimed to provide the trainers that will support the revitalization of prone areas through community based bamboo plantation. The support for the drinking water supply system (SPAM) revitalization phase 1 is still being prepared by YSMB and APIK.
The partnership implementation with Cargill has been started with joint visit between Cargill, APIK and Paguyuban Peternak Rakyat Nasional (PPRN) in order to identify the location and proper design for the layer chicken sheds. The climate adaptive sheds for layer chicken is still under construction and set to finish by the end of October 2019. The construction of the sheds will be completed with a building for meeting/classroom provided by PPRN, surrounded with trees as shading. The plan is to have this facility as a Learning Center that can be used by farmers to improve their capacity on farming management, as well as laboratory for the company (Cargill) to test their new products to support the layer chicken’s productivity. The launching for this facility is planned in November 2019. In collaboration with Cargill, FAO-ECTAD, and USAID-JAPRI, APIK is currently developing integrated training modules that combines good chicken farming practices, climate information and adaptation
55 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV actions, layer poultry farming management, as well as entrepreneurship. The modules will be used for Training of Trainers (ToT) to the champions of layer chicken farmers in Blitar (members of PPRN). The training shall be conducted upon the grand launching of Learning Center.
MALUKU APIK has introduced a climate adaptive business planning to village owned enterprise (BUMNeg) in Ambon City. Around 30 participants from 8 BUMNeg and local government staff (DPMD Maluku, DP3AMD Ambon, DPMN3A Maluku Tengah) have joined the workshop. By adding some items on climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction in the generic canvas business model instrument, it could help BUMNeg/BUMDes to identify risks and prepare their business continuity plan, as well as to help them to be more resilience to the impact of disasters caused by climate change. The local government (DPMNP3A Kabupaten Maluku Tengah) has replicated the same workshop in their area.
NEXT STEPS AND PARTNERSHIP STATUS At the national level, APIK actively approached business network (i.e. Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association - HIPMI Peduli, Business Forum on Disaster Management - Forum Lembaga Usaha Penanggulangan Bencana, and Disaster Resilience Business Association - Perkumpulan Perusahaan Tangguh Bencana/PPTB) in order to take collaboration for the scaling up of PSE approach for CCA/DRR. APIK has discussed the concept notes with HIPMI Peduli, PPTB and KLHK, on national event to share experiences and lessons learned on private engagement in climate adaptation and DRR. The event is planned to be conducted in November 2019. The idea for the event is a half day activity that will combine information sharing about national policy on climate adaptation and experiences of companies who already conduct adaptation actions in their business operational, as well as companies who already support community resilience.
The status and the follow up of the engagement with companies in PY 4 are as follows:
Table 1: Status of the Engagement with Companies in PY4
COMPANY STATUS 1. Bank Sultra, PT Bank Sultra has restructured their board of directors (BoD). New BoD need updating for the follow up of their support to smallholder farmers. 2. Cargill Indonesia, PT Cargill and PPRN still finalize the construction of the chicken sheds and plan to be ready by end of October 2019. There will be an event to launch the demo sheds combined with workshop for smallholder poultry farmers conducted by APIK. Modules on climate resilience for poultry is still under preparation by APIK with Cargill that contributes on materials and contents. 3. Kalla Kakao Industri, PT The staffs of Program Kakao Lestari (under Yayasan Kalla) have used the knowledge and skills from ToT to assist cocoa farmers on climate adaptation in their field. Joint monitoring to collect the information about the knowledge application by the KKI staffs to the farmers is needed. 4. Yayasan Sahabat Multi The roadshow to related institutions (Bappeda Mojokerto, Dinas Pariwisata Kab. Bintang (YSMB) Mojokerto, Perum Perhutani) has resulted in commitment for adaptation actions in the Landscape of Pacet. YSMB will finance the development of bamboo village as the selected adaptation action in the landscape. 5. Bank Indonesia KPW APIK has approached the Environmental Agency - Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Sulawesi Selatan (DLH) Kota Kendari for a collaboration, due to the withdraw of Bank
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 56 COMPANY STATUS Indonesia KPW Sulawesi Selatan. The aim of the collaboration shall be strengthening urban community resilience through the implementation of climate smart urban farming. The technical aspects will be discussed with DLH for the implementation of proposed activities in 2020. 6. Angkasa Pura, PT – Concept note for a collaboration with Angkasa Pura has been discussed with Bandara Juanda Surabaya the management of AP I (CSR section), and need to be followed up with the CSR Team in Angkasa Pura I Juanda Airport for technical preparations. The aim of the partnership with Angkasa Pura shall be strengthening local community in the coastal area of Sidoarjo regarding the impact of tidal flooding. 7. Nestle Indonesia, PT The concept notes for the partnership has been submitted and ready for a discussion with CSV Division in Nestle. The proposed aim of the partnership is to reduce the impact of increasing temperature in the dairy milk production center in Malang District. 8. Sebumi Berbagi The concept notes for the partnership has been submitted, and ready for finalization into the technical proposal. The aim of the partnership is to develop ecotourism as an adaptation action in the landscape of Pacet, Mojokerto.
RESILIENCE FUND APIK Resilience Fund supports activities at all levels—national, provincial, city/district, and community—as the Project seeks to strengthen the ability of communities, local governments, and businesses to anticipate and/or respond to weather-related disasters or climate change. The Resilience Fund supports diverse partners in developing innovative new products and services, and/or actions and co-investments by NGOs and private businesses with local governments and local communities in climate and disaster resilience measures. In PY 4 the Resilience Fund continued to focus on designing and making awards that are in alignment with the priorities detailed in each province and landscape.
PY4 RECAP In PY4, Resilience Fund grants were awarded to two local NGOs as detailed below:
1. Perkumpulan Sulawesi Institute (SI); working on the integrated farming system as a strategy for strengthening community livelihoods in facing climate change in Roraya, Bungin Permai, and Laeya villages in South Konawe District and Sambuli village in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The duration of project is from October 15, 2018 to October 14, 2019. Land Rehabilitation action Plan in Laeya
2. Yayasan Walang Perempuan; improving community resilience through improving sustainable livelihoods in Ihamahu and Siri Sori Islam villages, Saparua Timur subdistrict, Central Maluku District, Maluku Province. Period of agreement is from May 21, 2019 to March 20, 2020.
57 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV In addition to the success of obtaining approval for 2 grantees as mentioned above, APIK Project continues to provide assistance and support for 4 grant programs that started in the PY 3. Detailed information on programs that have been running since PY 3 is mentioned below:
1. Yayasan PATTIRO Malang; mainstreaming climate and disaster resilience through disaster preparedness in Sitiarjo and Sukodono Villages, Malang district, East Java Province. The project duration is from April 9 to November 9, 2018. The project had been extended three times and been completed and closed on March 9, 2019.
2. Pusat Kajian Teknologi Terapan, Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu Komputer (FTIKA), Yayasan Perguruan Tinggi Islam Raden Rahmat (YPTI), Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat (UNIRA) Malang – PKTT UNIRA Malang; implementing the conservation farming adaptive technology as a farmer family adaptation effort to the impact of climate change in Sumberbrantas and Tulungrejo villages, Batu City, East Java. The project duration is from March 5 to November 5, 2018. The project had been extended two times and been completed and closed on February 5, 2019.
3. Lembaga Partisipasi Pembangunan Masyarakat (LPPM) Maluku; working on weather and climate information system and permaculture for climate change adaptation in Haruku, Wassu, and Ameth villages in Lease Islands, Central Maluku district. The project duration is from August 6, 2018 to August 5, 2019. The project has been extended three times until October 5, 2019. APIK Project is considering the fourth request for no cost extension up to December 5, 2019.
4. Wehasta - Wahana Edukasi Harapan Alam Semesta; working to introduce applied technology on climate and disaster resilience for Banyulegi village, Dawarblandong subdistrict, in Mojokerto district and Plabuhan, Purisemanding, and Bangsri villages, Plandaan subdistrict, Jombang district. The project duration is from August 10, 2018 to June 9, 2019. The project has been extended three times until October 9, 2019. Wehasta is in final state of closing the project to be completed in October 2019.
In addition to the abovementioned grants, as a replication of an EWS in Dilem, Bebagan Limo, and Kalikatir villages, Mojokerto District developed in PY3, APIK Project with CV Alphamas developed an EWS consisting of one Automatic Rain Gauge (ARG), two Automatic Water Level Recorders (AWLR), and a display at Panguluran River sub-watershed in Malang District. In parallel, APIK and PT Prabatech developed and installed a climate and weather information display in Wassu village in Haruku island, Central Maluku District.
Table 2: Resilience Fund Activities - Grants
ACTIVITY OUTPUT TIMELINE Monitoring implementation of grant Monitoring grant program in East Java October 2018 to programs including the stimulant fund (Wehasta) September 2019 activities Monitoring grant program in Maluku (LPPM Maluku & Yayasan Walang Perempuan)
Monitoring grant program in Southeast Sulawesi (Perkumpulan SI)
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 58 ACTIVITY OUTPUT TIMELINE Close out of grants Close-out of PATTIRO Malang and PKTT May to August UNIRA Malang 2019
Close-out preparation for Wehasta
Table 3: Resilience Fund Activities - Subcontract
ACTIVITY OUTPUT TIMELINE Subcontracting Subcontract to CV Alphamas on October 2018 to development of EWS for Panguluran September 2019 river sub-watershed, Malang District
Subcontract to PT Prabatech on development of CWIS display for Wassu village, Haruku Island, Central Maluku District
Preparation of fixed price subcontract Proposed scope of work for January to September subcontracts in 3 regions 2019
GENDER MAINSTREAMING USAID’s initial gender analysis on the intersection of gender and climate change in Indonesia suggested that many of the gender inequalities related to climate and disaster issues are due to pre-existing and sometimes historic inequalities. This includes disparities in land ownership, unequal division of labor, traditional household roles and the relation of those roles to environmental conditions, levels of and access to education, access to decision-makers and decision-making process, access to social and financial support systems, control over natural resources, and access to health services. To overcome the situation, APIK applies two approaches, i.e. capacity building targeted specifically for government officials in gender budgeting and capacity building for women.
INTEGRATING GENDER INTO GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND BUDGETING APIK emphasizes the importance of gender mainstreaming in disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation policies by analyzing government budgets to establish whether there are existing budget lines that take gender into account and recommend how government can ensure there is budget available in the future. In so doing, APIK conducted gender budget training in Maluku for government organization worked in Ambon City, Maluku Province, and Kendari City. Following the training, below are government organizations that have signed Gender Budget Statement (GBS) – government document plan that inform a program/activity is gender responsive for fiscal 2019:
Table 4: Government Document Plan with Gender Budget Statement
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS AMOUNT NOTES BPBD Maluku Province IDR 191,400,000 (approx. - USD 14,445)
59 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS AMOUNT NOTES Ambon Agriculture Agency IDR. 60,000,000 (approx. USD Climate Field School for female 4,528 farmer
Kendari Environment and Forestry IDR 125,550,000 Waste management activity at Agency community level In GBS, it is stated that male’s involvement is required in waste management activity that is perceived as female’s role.
Kendari Farming Agency IDR 133,340,000 Capacity building activity for female farmer
Further, regarding the development planning at community level, Indonesian Ministry of Woman Empowerment and Child Protection (MoWE) has selected APIK’s area, Sitiarjo Village, as the pilot project for integrating gender into community-based environmental management. The selection was based on APIK’s achievement in Sumberagung Village – through Pattiro project – regarding encouraging woman in public decision making. The pilot project focuses on providing technical support to develop village medium-term development plan known as RPJMDes concerning on USAID APIK FC facilitated Action Plan formulation process in Sumberagung community-based environmental management that integrates gender aspect. To date, the activity is in the process of finalizing proposals from the community.
While at the national level, learning from APIK’s experience in integrating gender into government planning and budgeting in the context of climate and disaster resilience, there is a need to develop gender criteria. The gender criteria will be guidance for national government to develop gender responsive program/activity in terms of climate and disaster resilience. To achieve this, APIK in collaboration with Indonesia MoWE has conducted activity to discuss how gender can be integrated into Indonesia NAP. In the discussion, it was agreed to develop gender criteria by referring to Government of Indonesia gender analysis known as Gender Analysis Pathway (GAP). As follow up, a workshop has been held to explore gender issues by referring to four main sectors in Indonesia climate and disaster resilience action plan, i.e. marine and coastal, farming, water, and health. The criteria will also be useful as a way to tag climate and disaster resilience budgets so that gender achievements are recognized as part of the nationally determined contributions (NDC).
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT As women are less involved in public activity, and climate and disaster related activity is socially perceived as man’s domain, APIK has initiated women targeted activities. For instance, in Jombang District, training in disaster management targeted specifically for woman was conducted as way to
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 60 build woman’s capacity in disaster management. The training focused on building capacity in utilizing weather and climate information as well as food security. In Sawohan Village, Sidoarjo District, a specific meeting for women’s groups was held as way to provide opportunity for women to raise their concern and make sure their voices were heard in developing the local government action plan.
Further, in Hative Besar, Maluku, encouraging women to be involved in community action planning has resulted in provision of solar dryer as user-friendly and eco-friendly agricultural commodity processing. For women’s groups whose economy depends on dried sago and cassava –locally known as kasbi, a solar dryer is a practical solution to overcome extra expenses to buy kerosene during rainy season. Solar dryer also helps make the product more hygienic as there is a cover to protect it during the drying process. In Hative Besar there are three woman economic groups, and each group consists of 10 women. Two groups working for cassava chips and one group working for sago. Each group has four solar dryers located at one of member’s house.
ENGAGEMENT WITH COLOMBO PLAN SECRETARIAT AND GOI In November 13, 2018, APIK presented to the Colombo Plan Secretariat activity in Malang. The event was attended by participants from Vietnam, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Fiji, and Indonesia. APIK’s approach to increase woman’s adaptive capacity through climate field school raised participants’ interest. During the event, APIK also shared experience in integrating gender into government planning and budgeting in the context of climate and disaster resilience.
In December 12, 2018, APIK was invited by Climate Change Management Unit of Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry to share APIK’s experience in integrating gender. The activity was attended by participants from Sumatra, Java, Bali, Maluku and Papua. In the event, APIK presented two ways to integrate gender in terms of climate and disaster resilience, i.e. integrate gender in vulnerability assessment, known as VA and integrate gender through gender planning and budgeting mechanism after VA was conducted.
VOICES FROM THE FIELD: APIK’S WOMEN CHAMPIONS East Java, Malang District
Mujiah is one of a few female farmers who had a chance to attend the climate field school. As a female farmer, her income is depended on the sugarcane “In the climate field school, I’ve learnt how to plant sugarcane using new techniques. Practicing what she has learnt from climate field school, the sugarcane stem she planted is thicker, and stronger, and it makes other farmers interested to duplicate the method she learnt from climate field school. “For me, learning from the climate field school, it’s increasing my income. I don’t need to borrow money anymore” said Mujiah.
Maluku, Hative Besar
The very first time Mega heard of APIK was when she was invited by community group (Pokmas) Morela to join grafting training. There were only five women who joined the training. In the training Mega learned how to do grafting for nutmeg, rambutan, and durian. “It was hard for the first time. I failed many times, but I keep trying. After three weeks, of the ten plants I planted with the grafting technique, four plants –durian and nutmeg began to grow. I felt so proud!” She then told her fellow farmers that she had succeeded applying the grafting she had learnt from climate change school. “I told my husband that we –women– can do it too. It means a lot to me, and I will pass it to my fellow female farmers.”
61 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi
Though being female farmer is her daily file, Romlah admits she has learnt a lot from APIK’s climate field school. In particular, she has learned to observe soil moisture and climate weather information. “Every day we’ve got information from WhatsApp group from BMKG. This information is so valuable for us as farmers so that we know what to do.” She also said that she shares the information from BMKG with other farmer fellows who did not join climate field school. “As they ask me a lot of questions, I then set up a WhatsApp group that can be accessed by other farmers in my village.” Romlah uses climate and weather information for her farming activity
COMMUNICATION, OUTREACH, AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT In PY4, the Communication, Outreach, and Knowledge Management (COKM) team focused on enhancing the documentation of success story and lessons-learned from the project implementation. Along with this, APIK continued in developing project materials such as newsletters, fact sheets, and assisting the regional offices in events, as well as engaging mass media. Moreover, in this period APIK enhanced the dissemination of project activity and learning through outreach events and the utilization of website and social media.
In order to leverage the project’s reach to wider audience, APIK managed to publish some of the project activities and learning to external knowledge management platforms. There are four case- studies published on WeAdapt.org, an online platform that is usually used as reference by climate adaptation practitioners. APIK also published a blog on Climatelinks.org as the editor team said that youth theme is underrepresented on their website at the moment and the contribution from the APIK project can help fill the gap.
Table 5: External Publications in PY4
TITLE LINK Safeguarding A Coastal Community with https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/54006 Silvofishery
Climate and Disaster Resilience Community https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/54346 Forum in Sutojayan Village
Equipping Farmers with Climate and Weather https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/54066 Knowledge for More Resilient Agriculture
Prepare Children to Deal with Disaster and https://www.weadapt.org/knowledge-base/gender-and- Climate Impacts social-equality/prepare-children-to-deal-with-disaster- and-climate-impacts
Equipping Youth with Knowledge and Capacity to https://www.climatelinks.org/blog/equipping-youth- Better Manage Climate Risk knowledge-and-capacity-better-manage-climate-risk
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 62 Some highlights on communication materials produced in PY4 include Maluku regional newsletter (four editions), climate risk and vulnerability assessments for villages at Maluku and Southeast Sulawesi region, Guidance for village budget (APBDes) utilization on disaster resilience in Malang District, RAD- MAPI of Maluku Province, updated fact sheets of project interventions at the local level, videos (media discussion event), various success stories, stories from the field, event news, and infographics published on website and disseminated through social media. The details of communication materials produced can be found in Table 6 below.
Table 6: Communication Materials Developed in PY4
ITEM DETAILS
Press release 2018: Partnership with PT. KKI to assist cocoa farmers in Southeast Sulawesi (November 13); Waste Bank in Kampung Salo (November 28); Partnership with Bappeda Maluku on Initiating Cross-Boundary Collaboration (November 29); Early Warning System Launching (December 5); Partnership with Yayasan Sahabat Multi Bintang on Conservation-Based Tourism (December 6)
2019: Support to the Southeast Sulawesi Province in Integrating Climate Change Adaptation to Regional Office’s Strategic Plan (February 12); The US Government and Southeast Sulawesi Reiterate Commitment to Foster Community Resilience (March 18); The US Government and East Java Celebrate Partnership to Improve Community Resilience and Promote Access to Drinking Water and Safe Sanitation (April 22, 2019); USAID APIK Builds Community Resilience in South Konawe for National Disaster Preparedness Day (April 24, 2019); USAID APIK and BPBD Kendari City Build the Preparedness of Community in Lepo-Lepo (April 29, 2019); Climate Adaptation is Urgently Needed (April 30, 2019); USAID APIK Encourages Resilience Integration in Village Budget (May 2, 2019); The U.S Government and Maluku Government Work Together to Build Community Resilience to Climate and Disaster Impact (August 21, 2019)
Fact sheet USAID APIK project (overview); Regional (East Java, Southeast Sulawesi, Maluku); Climate Field School for Sugarcane Farmers; Binangun Spring; Disaster Risk Reduction; Corn Climate Field School; Tulungrejo Village (East Java); Sumberagung Village (East Java); Segoro Tambak Village (East Java); Kampung Salo Village (East Java); Pacet Landscape, Mojokerto (East Java); Morella Village (Maluku); Haruku Village (Maluku); Lima Village (Maluku); Allang Village (Maluku); Wassu Village (Maluku); Soya Village (Maluku); Kalanganyar Village (East Java); Kepetingan Hamlet (East Java); Sidoarjo (East Java); Binangun Spring (East Java); Tlogomas Village (East Java); Arjosari Village (East Java); Tlogorejo Hamlet (East Java)
Event-supporting Backdrops for events in the region and national level; block notes for merchandise materials during events; photo Props for exhibition booth and campaigns
Newsletter Maluku regional newsletter (four editions including July – September 2018; October – December 2018; January – March 2019; April – June 2019)
E-Newsletter (one edition – December 2018)
Social media Event commemoration: World Fisheries Day (November 21, 2018); National Tree materials Planting Day (November 28, 2018); International Education Day (January 24, 2019); International Women’s Day (March 8, 2019); International Forest Day (March 21, 2019); World Water Day (March 22, 2019); National Fisherfolk Day (April 6,
63 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV ITEM DETAILS
2019); National Disaster Preparedness Day (April 26, 2019); Earth Day (April 22, 2019); Ied E-greeting card (June 5, 2019); National Children Day (July 23, 2019); World Mangrove Day (July 26, 2019); National River Day (July 27, 2019); National Nature Conservation Day (August 10, 2019); International Youth Day (August 12, 2019); Indonesia Independence Day (August 17, 2019); National Farmer Day (September 24, 2019)
Infographics: COP 24 (January 11, 2019); Hydro meteorological disaster (January 18, 2019); Climate change impacts (February 1, 2019); Difference between adaptation and mitigation (February 8, 2019); APIK achievements in numbers (February 15, 2019); Benefits of mangrove forest (March 20, 2019); Women Fisherfolks fact in Indonesia (April 8, 2019); FYI on air pollution (April 12); 8 ways to save the earth in a commemoration of earth day (April 22, 2019); Tips on facing floods and landslides (April 29, 2019)
Documents Assessment: Formatted VA – Aru Archipelago District, Maluku; Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of 12 villages in Maluku Province (Allang, Ameth, Haruku, Hative Besar, Ihamahu, Leahari, Lima, Morella, Passo, Sirisori Islam, Soya, Wassu); 3 villages in Southeast Sulawesi Province (Rumba-Rumba, Awunio, and Batu Jaya)
Report: Report on climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction options at the local level, case study in Brantas Watershed, East Java
Guidance: Guidance for village budget (APBDes) utilization on disaster resilience in Malang District
Others: Brief progress information of East Java Province for updates to the newly appointed government officials; Leaflet building resilience in Wanggu Watershed by LepMIL; Local action plan on climate mitigation and adaptation (RAD-MAPI) of Maluku Province
Story/article Success Story: 1) Visualizing Data into Maps; 2) Converting Drainage System into Conservation Education Platform; 3) Minister Regulation to Strengthen Village Resilience; 4) Village Regulation to Conserve Mangrove Forest; 5) Developing Science-Based Policy, Minister Regulation on Climate Vulnerability Assessment; 6) Sutojayan Community Responds to Forum Establishment; 7) Building Institutional Strengths for Climate Adaptation through Local Regulation; 8) Prepare Children to Deal with Disaster and Climate Impacts; 9) Village Development Plan to Prepare Sumberagung Community in Dealing with Landslide and Drought
Stories from the Field: 1) Sasi Lompa, a Local Wisdom to Protect the Nature; 2) Story of Ama from Morella; 3) Ida: Inspring Woman Farmer from South Konawe; 4) Sus Setiawaty: Helps Promoting Women Participation in Climate and Disaster Forum; 5) Evacuation Planning for Community Preparedness; 6) Information Management Strengthen Village Resilience; 7) Improving Transboundary Flood Preparedness in Malang District; 8) Local Wisdom of Bamboo Slit Drum (Kentongan) as Communication Tool during Disaster
Event News: 1) USAID APIK Highlighted Social Inclusion and Collaboration in a Regional Seminar; 2) Sharing Experience in a Gender Mainstreaming Workshop with Climate Resilience Context; 3) Eighteen Disaster Preparedness Group Ready
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 64 ITEM DETAILS
to Build a Resilient Kendari; 4) Discussion on Policy and Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation National Action Plan for Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020 – 2024; 5) Digital and Participatory Mapping in Southeast Sulawesi; 6) Pushing a Gender Responsive Village Development Plan in Malang District; 7) Village-owned enterprise in Maluku Seeks to be Adaptive to Climate Change; 8) School Camp Brings Children in Jombang to Learn on Climate and Disaster; 9) Community in Leahari Village Protects the Water through Trees Planting; 10) Geospatial Training for Pest and Plant Disease in East Java; 11) Strengthening Climate Resilient Development Planning in Four National Sector Priorities; 12) Building Government Capacity in Kendari for Climate Kampong Program
Video Media Discussion “Climate Adaptation, Disaster, and Development in Indonesia”
SOCIAL MEDIA AND WEBSITE In PY4, USAID APIK increased its presence by benefitting from the use of social media channels. The project is regularly using Twitter, Facebook Page, and Instagram as main channels to disseminate activities, learning, and campaigns. Continuing from the previous year, APIK takes the opportunity to commemorate events both at the national and international level such as Earth Day, Children Day, etc. and post relevant contents following the theme. After benefitting from paid-promotion that attracted followers and reach, the project decided to rely more on organic growth.
APIK utilizes social media channels to boost the coverage of website articles, newsletter, and other knowledge management products on online platform as mentioned above. The overall number of reach and impression for APIK social media channels continues to grow with a varied types of post. Moreover, social media channels are utilized to re-share media coverage, especially articles from online media, and short live report from the field, mostly through Instagram story feature.
From social media channels activities, it is discovered that most audiences intend to be more interested in paying attention to posts with human-angle story from the field involving community champions including women and children. In addition, simple campaign through infographics related to special commemoration also gets more viewers.
Table 7: Social Media Channels Information
SOCIAL MEDIA CHANNELS METRICS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 Facebook profile – USAID APIK Friends = 459 Facebook page – USAID Adaptasi Post in the last quarter of this period (Q4PY4) = 51 Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan Total post in PY4 = 217 Followers = 7,154 (previous quarter 7,095) Likes = 7,136 (previous quarter 7,077) Reach/the number of people saw the content = 19,820 (previous quarter 22,223) Twitter – USAID_APIK Tweets in the last quarter of this period (Q4PY4) = 68 Total tweets in PY4 = 348 Followers = 333 (previous quarter 305) Impressions/the number of Twitter accounts reached by the tweet = 32,662 (previous quarter 37,600)
65 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV SOCIAL MEDIA CHANNELS METRICS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 Instagram – USAID_APIK Total posts (entirely) = 319 (previous quarter 283) Total post in PY4 = 149 Post in the last quarter of this period (Q4PY4) =36 Followers = 754 (previous quarter 614) Likes = 1,124 (previous quarter 1,446) Impressions/the number of times of APIK’s post could have been seen by users = 25,162 (previous quarter 19,740) Reach/the number of unique users that saw APIK’s post on any given day = 14,329 (previously 10,997)
Exhibit 19: Social Media Progress throughout PY4
Based on quarterly progress, the average number of likes and reach/impression is steady. However, paid promotion in the Q1 and Q2 affected spikes in the in the reach/impression on Facebook and Twitter. In Q4PY4, the reach/impression on Facebook and Twitter is lower because the project focused on PY5 work plan preparation, hence less activities were shared on those two platforms. On the other side, impression on Instagram performed better in Q4PY4 because more people shared APIK contents due to several field activities that engaged youth group with better familiarity to Instagram. Overall, the number of followers are increasing and this indicates that more people are aware with APIK’s existence and exposed to the project activities and learning.
As for USAID APIK’s website, it has attracted 8,358 users with 32,147 page views throughout PY4. The number of users in PY4 increased around 45.36% and the page views increased around 138.07% compared to PY3. As the project publish contents more frequently and shared through social media, the outreach is higher too as shown in the website analytics graphic. Based on content stats, some of the most visited pages include vacancy information, project overview, reports, activity news, stories from the field, and success story. The website analytics show that there are spikes in March, April, and July 2019 because of vacancy announcements. On July and August 2019, the project shared more activities article on the website and USAID shared some of the articles through their social media account that have more followers compared to APIK. The top three articles in this period are story
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 66 on equipping youth with knowledge on climate and disaster resilience, story of Ida the inspiring female farmer in South Konawe, and story of Sus Setiawaty that promotes women participation in climate and disaster forum. This will feed into APIK communications strategy that will explore more on project impacts and develop more human-centered stories in the remaining project timeline.
Exhibit 20: APIK Website Analytics PY4 Compared with PY3
PARTICIPATION IN OUTREACH EVENTS
APIK participated in the Climate Change Management Action Day (Hari Aksi Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim/HAPPI) in Jakarta, October 24-25, 2018 hosted by the KLHK Climate Change Directorate. Director of Environment Office USAID Indonesia, Matthew Burton joined a panel discussion with UNFCCC, Norway Government, and GIZ representatives about international contributions to the Paris Agreement implementation in Indonesia. He highlighted various projects supported by the US
government to enhance resilience, including APIK. In the same month, the project also participated in BNPB national event, Disaster Risk Reduction Month (Bulan PRB) in Medan, North Sumatera. APIK was represented in a plenary session on climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction investment, also in a sharing session where the project presented its experience in conducting resilience
67 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV assessment in 12 areas. The BNPB gave an award as a great acknowledgement to APIK for its effort in increasing city/district resilience towards disaster and climate impact.
In these two events, USAID APIK opened an exhibition booth displaying project activities and achievements in strengthening community’s resilience. There were 140 people visited the booth in HAPPI and 114 people in Bulan PRB. Other than this, on October 10, 2018, the Brawijaya University School of Communication invited APIK for a guest lecture session on social marketing for environmental and climate issues attended by 90 People from various institutions visited USAID APIK booth and learned about the project activities and achievements. students.
COURTESY VISIT In PY4, courtesy visit was done in all three provinces of the project (Southeast Sulawesi on March 18, 2019; East Java on April 22, 2019; and Maluku on August 21, 2019). Taking the momentum of 70 years’ partnership between Indonesia and the US, these visits were made to strengthen each other commitments in collaboration for development. In addition to the high-level meeting between the USAID representatives, national government representatives, and the provincial government, APIK took the group to project sites to witness the actual implementation on the ground. These visits received significant media attention as it involved During the courtesy visit to East Java, the delegations from USAID, KLHK, and BNPB met with the Vice Governor, Emil Dardak. high-ranking officials.
MEDIA ENGAGEMENT In PY4, APIK was covered 128 times in national and local media. The detail of the media coverage is available in Annex K.
As part of the strategy to expand the project network to mass media, APIK joined a media event organized by CCFI and IUWASH Plus Project to commemorate World Water Day (March 22). Claket Village, one of the project working area was chosen as a field trip destination during this event, attended by national-level journalists. Furthermore, APIK held a media discussion about Climate Adaptation, Disaster, and Development in Indonesia on April 30, 2019. It intended to boost media attention to the issues that the project is working on, especially to show to the media that climate and disaster issues are urgent for everyone to take part in building resilience. The media discussion brought representatives from KLHK, BNPB, climate financing researcher, and APIK themselves as resource persons. Considering the positive feedback, APIK plans to have another media discussion and/or media trip to the field in order to enhance the project exposure to wider audience.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 68 APIK MEDIA DISCUSSION In order to improve media engagement, APIK held a media discussion about “Climate Adaptation, Disaster, and Development in Indonesia” on April 30, 2019. This event was intended to push media to cover more stories related to climate and disaster issues so that it can boost the urgency for key stakeholders from government institutions, private sector, and communities to take part and action in building resilience.
Journalists and representatives of a number of institutions including USAID Indonesia and National Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) attended the event. They had a chance to discuss the topic with relevant resource persons such as: Dr. Ari Mochamad (Climate Adaptation Governance Advisor USAID APIK), Dra. Sri Tantri Arundhati, MSc (Climate Adaptation Director in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry), Berton Panjaitan, PhD (Head of Mitigation and Preparedness Sub-Directorate in the National Disaster Management Agency), and Arif Budi Rahman, PhD (Researcher in Center of Climate Financing and Multilateral Fiscal Policy Agency). Harry Surjadi, a senior environment journalist joined the discussion as a moderator.
69 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV SECTION 5: MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGE (MSC)
STORY COLLECTION AND MSC SELECTION IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI Within PY4, APIK finalized the MSC process in all three provinces. The work in East Java and Maluku was highlighted in previous reports and so this report will focus on Southeast Sulawesi and also the final MSC analysis in Jakarta. APIK conducted the MSC in Southeast Sulawesi from July 22-27 2019, the MSC process started by conducted MSC training and what to do during the story collection. The discussion started on what kind of activities that have already had an impact on communities, replication or buy in from the government. At the end of the first day of training, participants practiced interview techniques through role-playing. Each participant interviewed each other to tell the stories about the changes that they had experienced through the APIK program.
The second day of training was on the story selection process, After the team discussed their experience on how to write the story, participants then focused on how to extract the important points from the story. Participants also learned on how to conduct proper interview by learning tips, technique, and how to probing questions in order to gain the information needed. The MSC training and stories collection in Kendari attended by all APIK Southeast Sulawesi staffs and two Jakarta staff (Communication Specialist MSC Training in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi and Knowledge Management Specialist)
On the third and fourth day, the team were able to collect 21 stories from South Konawe District and Kendari City. As a next step the MSC team members wrote the stories based on the information collected during the discussions with community members. The stories were collected and then discussed in a group to determine the most significant. Trainer started the day by conducting refreshing on program lifecycle and review on the MSC stories.
Stories Collection in Punggaluku, South Konawe After lunch participants then split in to three groups and conducting story selection. During the process, the consultant and M&E Manager are supervising the discussion and giving inputs for each groups. The selection used a two-step approach. Each group was asked to select their own MSC based on the stories collected, then conducted panel session to choose the MSC. The story from Mr. Sunardji, participant in corn climate field school training was ultimately chosen as the most significant change. Where based on the climate field school, he created a simple tool to mechanically sow seeds at the correct spacing saving time and labor. The MSC from Mr. Sunardji can be found in the section below.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 70 MOST SIGNIFICANT STORY
Improving Knowledge and Practice on Climate Resilient Corn Farming My wife is the head of the women’s farmer group in Aepodu Village. At that time, she said that there would be a training on corn farming. I did not enroll myself on that training initially. However, one participant cancelled his attendance and my wife asked me to take his place. Then I decided to join because I have to admit that this village has so much potential for agriculture.
A lot of things happened after the Climate Field School (CFS). Clearly, I learned a lot of weather and climate information. Now I know the weather condition that is suitable to plant corn seeds, and the correct amount of water needed. Here in my village, we do the planting in January because it is not to dry with a little bit of rain. The weather is not extreme. Four months later, we start to harvest the crops. We are very happy because after the CFS we have a Sunarji is proud of his corn field whatsapp group including people from the Meteorological Office (BMKG). Farming is very close related to weather condition. If we just finished fertilizing the plants but rain falls, it will become useless because the fertilizer is washed away. With this weather information, we can be more prepared. Aside from that, since I’m working a lot in my workshop, I become motivated in developing planting tool. Actually I feel bad watching my wife experiencing back pain every time she comes home from the corn field. She has to bend down to do the farming activity manually. From there, I’ve tried to develop a tool that can help us farmers to plant, fertilize, and cover the ground without having to bend down as much as the way we do before. Those three activities are usually done manually and we can spend IDR 800,000 per hectare to pay three persons to do that. With this tool, we can save the cost to IDR 400,000 per hectare. The local government has seen this tool and they brought it to an appropriate technology exhibition event in Bali. The Head of South Konawe District also participated in that event. Now, a lot of my neighbors come to me and borrow the planting tool that I developed.
For me, the biggest change that I feel is now I can do corn farming from planting, harvesting, and selling it. Without the CFS from APIK, maybe this will not happen. My wife is a farmer, but I’m not. I used to have a very little knowledge on how to farm, but now I’m implementing what I’ve got from the training and I can say I feel the economic benefit. Since the training in 2018, my wife and I implement the knowledge into practice and we managed to harvest the crops, sell them, and make profit. For example, we recently harvested 4.2 tons of corn from a half-hectare plot of land. We sold this at IDR 3,200 per kilogram getting around IDR 13 to 14 million in total. Most of the farmers here are not interested in cultivating corn before because the market is very limited. Through the CFS, APIK did not only deliver a training, but they connected us with private businesses that are looking for corn, like JAPFA for example. They contacted us, we made a deal, and they picked up our corn right away.
Other than that, I’m happy if I can be useful for other people. I actually benefitted from the village government that is willing to lend me a vacant land in the village so that I can use it for corn farming. Since a lot of my neighbors are rice farmers, they can see how I successfully cultivating corn and they are interested to try corn farming because it offers more profit. A lot of them, including the members of women farmer group led by my wife, coming to us and learning on corn farming. That makes me feel useful as a person.
71 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV MSC ANALYSIS IN JAKARTA Following the completion of stories collection for MSC, APIK then conducted analysis process. The workshop was held in Jakarta, on August 27-29, 2019 The analysis process was aimed to identify significant changes from and impacts of the four-year project implementation. From the interview activities, 63 MSC stories managed to be collected at the community, government, and academician levels.
The 63 stories were narrowed down into four Stories Coding and Analysis, Jakarta, August 28, 2019 categories as follows:
(1) Capacity improvement (at individual, collective and institutional levels on Climate Change Adaptation-Disaster Risk Reduction, Economy, and Gender), with a total frequency of 103; (2) Integration of climate and disaster resilience into Policies (Regulations, Budget) with a total frequency of 25; (3) Actions at Community Level (implementation of climate and disaster resilience actions, with a total frequency of 39; and (4) Replication, with a total frequency of 2. The followings are findings from the 63 stories
1. IMPROVED CAPACITY (ADAPTIVE CAPACITY) a) At the individual level, which was evident in: the use of information on weather and climate in agriculture, agro-forestry and marine; planning of activities using Geographic Information System (GIS); seed development; understanding on CAA-DRR to identify hazards. At the individual level, adaptive capacity was found equally in all regions among women and men.
b) At the collective level, which was evident in: community preparedness to disaster; better management of disaster response; stronger climate-change related collaboration among stakeholders; synergy among stakeholders to develop the economy of the community;
c) At the institutional level: village institutions have had more capacity in developing well-targeted programs and budget using the village fund available; MoU between Disaster-Prepared Groups and Community Health Clinic (Puskesmas) in disaster response was established; improved capacity of the village in risk reduction
Adaptive capacity has specifically led to economic resilience in some people. This was evident in the increase of income from the previous planting season of rice and sugarcane commodities as a result of APIK’s intervention.
2. INTEGRATION OF CCA-DRR INTO POLICIES (ENABLING ENVIRONMENT) Integration of climate and disaster resilience into policies took place at different levels. a) Village level: new policies on the protection of water springs; establishment of community evacuation center using village fund; development of village Medium Term Development Plan; stopping the rate of destruction to mangrove forest areas
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 72 b) District level: establishment of the Centre for Mangrove Restoration Center and Coastal Ecotourism Development; Village Medium Term Development Plan and Disaster Risk Index as development indicators; climate and disaster resilience perspectives in resilient-city policies; c) Provincial level: Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 11/2019 on CCA (specific to Southeast Sulawesi) d) University level: stronger collaboration between universities.
Adaptive capacity at the institutional level within the government has established the enabling environment for the integration of climate and disaster resilience in the subsequent stage. The integration of climate and disaster resilience into policies and budgeting at the village, district as well as provincial levels took place among those who have developed collective or institutional adaptive capacity.
3. ADAPTATION ACTION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL (ACTION TAKEN) Adaptation actions took the form of climate and disaster resilience implementation. a) Climate adaptation implementation: solar dryer that speeds up drying of commodities for sale; climate and disaster resilience forum; rainwater harvesting; establishment of evacuation routes; availability of water collection containers; adoption of agricultural practices in accordance with the Climate Field School; repair of pipes to facilitate water flow; b) DRR implementation: establishment of disaster-prepared groups; use of gong-like equipment (kentongan) in evacuation processes; availability of disaster risk maps.
In addition to the above categories, specific changes have taken place in the replication of APIK’s ways of working and activities by the government. The replications were observed in the application of methods/tools as well as direct action, for example in the use of GIS in presenting information to the public and the establishment of the Centre for Mangrove Restoration and Coastal Tourism Development with the support of government funding of IDR 135,000,000.
From the above three categories, most significant changes primarily took place in the form of adaptive capacities.
In the end, all MSC stories collected are linked with APIK M&E framework to measure project achievements and impacts. There were three impact nodes within the M&E framework, namely adaptive capacity, enabling environment, and action taken. Findings from the MSC stories confirmed and complemented APIK’s High Level Result (HLR) and Task Level Result (TLR) achievements. Within the ‘Enabling Environment’ and ‘Action Taken’ domains, stories of change collected were in line with and confirmed the justification that APIK program intervention was as expected in the planning.
In the ‘Adaptive Capacity’ domain, difference remained between the project achievements as measured by the project monitoring and the results of the analysis of MSC stories at the institutional and individual levels in terms of improvement of capacity. The organizational adaptive capacity has confirmed APIK’s achievement of the project indicators. Meanwhile, at the individual level, although achievements remained below target, the MSC stories indicated that APIK capacity building activities for individuals have brought about significant benefit and impacts that could compensate the below- target achievements of the quantitative indicators at the project level. Therefore, the findings from the analysis confirmed the strength of MSC as expressed by Rick Davis, the founder of the technique,
73 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV in his guide. MSC has become the “tool” to facilitate a project to portray changes that are otherwise not observable by M&E tools that APIK commonly uses.
Changes during the four-year implementation of the project should not be seen as represented by the results of the analysis of the 63 stories of changes only. However, the analysis has demonstrated at which levels or which domains changes have taken place and how the changes were linked with the expected impact, that is Increased Resilience to Climate Change and Disasters. The complete MSC report can be found in Annex L, while Annex M covers the selected stories from Blitar District, Malang District, Ambon City, and South Konawe District.
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 74 SECTION 6: CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING THIS REPORTING PERIOD
The following table summarizes challenges encountered by APIK during this reporting period and the proposed solutions implemented or planned to reduce the impact of these challenges.
Table 8: Challenges, Impact and Action Taken ACTION TAKEN WITHIN THIS CHALLENGE THIS PERIOD IMPACT PERIOD The three provinces, e.g. East Java, Initial unclear commitment and APIK, USAID, KLHK, and BNPB met with Maluku, and Southeast Sulawesi support from the new the Governor of Southeast Sulawesi, have new governors and deputy governor/deputy governor for Deputy Governor of East Java, and governors. climate resilience building Deputy Governor of Maluku efforts. consecutively in Q2, Q3, and Q4 to strengthen the cooperation in building climate and disaster resilience in the province. The new leaders are now aware of the issues and urge that the provincial development plan take the climate and disaster resilience into account. Outstanding BAST process for PY3. Uncertain settlement of the In Q4 APIK had a meeting with KLHK, BAST impacts financial Technical Team (Tim Teknis), and reporting to GOI. representatives from Maluku and East Java Provinces to clarify APIK’s deliverables in the two provinces. Once clarified, it is planned that in the first quarter of PY5 KLHK will send letters to relevant ministries for their acceptance. Prolonged drought in several APIK Impact on communities in East APIK passed on any requests to local locations. Java in particular and many government and shared and discussed the requests for APIK to provide drought issue as well as climate emergency support to those projection with relevant stakeholders and suffering from the drought partners as well as revisited the climate (such as tanked water) resilience strategy to address and identify proper responses in case the drought occurs again in the future. A 6.5 magnitude earthquake hit Two APIK locations were hit Maluku staff were advised to work from Maluku on September 26, 2019 particularly hard, Haruku home as necessary and return to work destroyed houses and village and Morella village. This when things got back to normal. APIK infrastructure as well as caused impacted our activities in collected donation from APIK staff and panic among people particularly in those areas. In addition, the distributed to those in need particularly in Ambon and Lease Islands. APIK office in Ambon closed Haruku village in the Lease Islands. for one day as staff could not get to the office and also schools were closed.
75 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV SECTION 7: PERFORMANCE MONITORING
Exhibit 21: APIK Result Framework Task-Level Results High-Level Results High-Level CDCS Objectives Outcomes • 15+ national forums and tools operationalized to strengthen CCA/DRR coordination (TLR 1b) DO 3: • 35%+ change in awareness of economic and other impacts of CC/DR among Global Development national public stakeholders (TLR 1e) Priorities of Mutual • 500 CCA/DRR practitioners access new/strengthened networks for sharing lessons and best practices (TLR 1d) 40+ Institutions with Improved Prosperity Advanced Capacity to Assess or Address Climate The integration Change Risks (HLR 2) of CCA and DRR • 13+ subnational CC/DR assessments completed (TLR 2c) • 10+ subnational gov’ts. coordinating landscape resilience strategies to address into national and shared vulnerabilities (TLR 2d) sub-national IR 3.2: Environmental Security • 500 subnational government staff with improved capacity to address CCA/DRR governance and Resilience Enhanced (TLR 2b) frameworks improved • 10+ CCA/DRR national laws, policies, strategies revised, proposed or adopted 50+ Laws, Policies, Regulations, Or (TLR 1a) Standards Addressing Climate Change • 10+ changes to the National CC Action Plan (RAN-API) (TLR 1c) Adaptation Formally Proposed, • 30+ subnational plans, processes and budgets address CCA and DRR (TLR 2a) Adopted, Or Implemented (HLR 3) Sub-IR 3.2.1: Threats to Biodiversity Reduced
• Number of people trained in climate change adaptation or disaster risk reduction and water resource management (with at least Capacity of local 30% demonstrating increased capacity) (HLR 1) communities and the private Sub-IR 3.2.3: Disaster and Climate Risk Management • US $ 3,000,000 + investment mobilized for climate change or disaster risk reduction as supported by APIK activities (HLR 4) sector to address climate change Strengthened and • 100+ community CCA/DRR measures (including sustainable landscapes and weather-related water resource management) implemented with LG support based on natural hazards vulnerability studies (TLR 2e). Number of people accessing new or improved strengthened basic water services (TLR 2e-i) Number of people benefiting from the adoption 30,000 people supported by the USG to DO 2: and implementation of measures to improve water resources management adapt to the effects of climate change Essential Human Services for (TLR2e-ii) or be more resilient to natural disasters the Poorest and most • 20+ climate risk management measures undertaken by businesses in different (with at least 40% of them are women) Vulnerable Improved sectors (TLR 4a) (HLR 5) • 10+ private sector pilot activities to reduce climate/disaster risks and improve local resilience (TLR 4b) Utilization of • 35%+ change in awareness of private sector stakeholders about CC and weather- information for IR 2.2: Access to Safe Water related disasters (TLR 4c) climate and 4,000 People Using Climate and Sanitation Expanded Information or Implementing Risk- disaster risk • 10+ CWI services/systems showing improved use by decision makers/consumers Reducing Actions to Improve management (TLR 3a) Resilience to Climate Change (HLR 6) among key • 65+ institutions with strengthened capacity to develop/disseminate user-tailored stakeholders climate info services (TLR 3b) improved Sub-IR 2.2.1: Access to Safe Water and Sanitation • 10 of tools or methodologies developed by APIK used by other projects including USAID/OFDA (TLR 5b) Increased • 12 models and examples that demonstrate the successful integration of CCA and DRR into local and national development strategies and investment plans (TLR 5a) • project report (progress/annual) reviewed and approved/endorsed by technical team in every semi-annual meeting (TLR 5c)
USAID.GOV ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | 76 PERFORMANCE MONITORING
INDICATOR RESULT The tables and exhibit below detail APIK’s performance regarding High Level Results (HLRs) and Task Level Results (TLRs) during PY 4. During this year, APIK conducted series of activities in capacity to boost the achievement in HLR 1 (People trained in climate change adaptation or disaster risk reduction). Because of these activities, APIK achievement in HLR 1 during this year has increased significantly to 68.1% of overall target (improved from last year 23.6%).
APIK efforts in integrating climate and disaster action in to government planning and budgeting documents to ensure the sustainability (TLR 2A and HLR 3) also increase significantly due to finalization of budgeting documents in every level (village to province). Within this year alone, APIK had managed to integrate 109 action plans into public document. This success boosts another related indicator, to reach and surpass the overall target (for both PY 4 and overall target). As a result, APIK overall achievement in HLR 2,3,4,5 and 6, had exceeded the target.
Exhibit 22 summarizes the percentage achievement of all HLR’s to date, as can be seen from this snapshot, within the next period APIK needs to continue to focus on HLR 1 (people participating in climate and disaster resilience training activities). In Table 9, APIK provides details of APIK HLR achievements. While table 10 shows APIK progress on TLR’s achievements.
Exhibit 22: Graph Representation of HLR Achievement to Date Against the Life of Project (LOP) Targets
APIK HLR ACHIEVEMENT PER PY 4
174
150
435%
6,023 300% 39,696 USD 3,693,32I 20,642 150% 123% 132% 68.80%
HLR 1 HLR 2 HLR 3 HLR 4 HLR 5 HLR 6
77 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV Table 9: High Level Results
HIGH LEVEL RESULT
HLR 1. People participating in CCA/DRR training programs and activities
LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date) Target People 19,000 30,000 Trained Target people 500 1,500 trained (in water) Target women 7,600 12,000 trained
Target Increased 5,700 9,000 Capacity
Number of people Target trained in climate Women 2,280 3,600 change adaptation, Increased disaster risk Capacity reduction or water resource Achievement management (with People 3,865 13,570 20,642 71.42% 68.81% at least 30% Trained demonstrating Achievement increased people 256 830 830 >100% 55.33% CCA/DRR capacity) trained (in water) Achievement women 1,653 5,774 8,310 75.97% 69.25% trained
Achievement Increased 1,948 4,372 7,498 76.70% 83.31% Capacity
Achievement Women 753 1,637 2,694 71.80% 74.83% Increased Capacity
HLR 2. National/subnational Institutions with improved capacity to integrate and address climate change and natural disaster risk LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Target 0 40
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Number of institutions with improved capacity >100.00 >100.00 to assess or % % address climate Achievement 61 109 174 change and natural disaster risks
HLR 3. Laws, policies, strategies, plans or regulations addressing CCA/DRR
LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of Laws, policies, strategies, Target 0 50 plans or regulations addressing CCA/DRR or >100.00 >100.00 sustainable % % landscapes revised, proposed, or Achievement 44 73 150 adopted at the national/subnational level HLR 4. Amount of investment mobilized (in USD) for climate change as supported by USG assistance LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Amount of $1,000,000.0 Target $3,000,000 investment 0 mobilized (in USD) for climate change >100.00 >100.00 or disaster risk % % reduction as $2,445,348.1 $3,693,321.2 supported by USG Achievement $20,522.19 9 8 assistance
HLR 5. People supported to adapt to the effects of climate change or be more resilient to natural disasters LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of people Target: supported by the 7,500 30,000 USG to adapt to People the effects of Supported climate change or Target: be more resilient to 3,200 12,000 natural disasters Women
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(with at least 40% women) Achievement:
3,546 15,406 39,696 >100% >100% People Supported
Achievement: 1,650 6,340 15,085 >100% >100% Women
HLR 6. People using climate information or implementing risk-reducing actions to improve resilience to climate change or natural disasters LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of people using climate Target 2,000 4,000 information or implementing risk- >100% >100% reducing actions to improve resilience to climate change Achievement 3,320 4,697 6,023 or natural disasters
Table 10: Task Level Results
TASK 1
TLR 1a. Laws, policies, strategies, plans or regulations addressing CCA/DRR revised, proposed, or adopted at the national level LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Target 3 10 Number of national-level laws, policies, strategies, 100.00% 90.00% plans, or regulations Achievement 0 3 9
TLR 1b. National forums, tools, or other approaches operationalized to strengthen coordination on CCA/DRR mainstreaming LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Target 6 15 16.67% 33.33%
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Number of forums, tools, or other approaches operationalized to
strengthen coordination on CCA/DRR mainstreaming among GOI ministries/agencies both horizontally (between sectors) and Achievement 0 1 5 vertically (between levels of government).
TLR 1c. Changes made to the RAN-API based on lessons learned from the local level
LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Target 2 10 Number of changes made to the RAN-API based on 100.00% 90.00% lessons learned from the local level Achievement 0 2 9
TLR 1d. CCA/DRR practitioners access new or strengthened networks for sharing lessons learned and best practices at the provincial and local levels LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of CCA/DRR Target 150 500 practitioners that access new/strengthened networks for sharing 52.67% >100.00% lessons learned and best practices at the provincial Achievement 0 79 611 and local levels
TLR 1e. Increased awareness of national stakeholders of the economic and other impacts of climate change and weather-related natural disasters LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Percent change of Target 35% 35% awareness of national stakeholders of the economic and other >100% >100% impacts of climate change and weather-related Achievement 37.50% 37.50% 37.50% natural disasters
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TLR 2a. Local government development plans, processes, budgets and/or operations reflect and address CCA and DRR LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of local government plan, Target 10 30 budgets, process that >100.00% >100.00% integrate CCA/DRR Best Practices Achievement 41 72 143 TLR 2b. Subnational government staff demonstrate improved capacity to address and mainstream CCA/DRR LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of sub-national government staff who Target 150 500 demonstrate improved >100% >100% capacity to address and mainstream CCA and DRR Achievement 451 890 1330
TLR 2c. Climate change and disaster risk assessments are completed to inform and prioritize risk reduction, and capacity to update and replicate them is institutionalized LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of risk Target 0 13 assessments completed with capacity to >100.00% >100% update/replicate institutionalized Achievement 2 43 54
TLR 2d. Multiple districts coordinating implementation of CCA/DRR measures that improve climate and disaster resilience at the landscape level LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
At least 10 districts coordinating through the Target 4 10 establishment of landscape resilience 50% 60.00% strategies to address shared climate and Achievement 1 2 6 disaster vulnerabilities
TLR 2e. Community CCA/DRR measures implemented with sustainable support from local government
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Number of CCA/DRR Target 30 100 measures implemented >100.00% >100% with sustainable support from local government Achievement 9 73 125
TLR 2e-i. Number of people gaining improved service quality or access to basic drinking water services as a result of USG assistance LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Achievement
(i) Number of people Male 589 663 663 gaining access to basic drinking water services or Female 591 682 682 (ii) receiving improved service quality from an existing basic water service Rural 1,180 1,345 1,345
Urban
TLR 2e-ii. Number of people benefiting from the adoption and implementation of measures to improve water resource management as a result of USG assistance LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Total 504 595 595 Achievement
Male 130 307 307
Number of people Female 277 288 288 benefiting from the adoption and
implementation of Water measures to improve 0 0 0 water Allocation
Watershed 202 293 293 Protection
Risk Reduction 302 302 302
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TASK 3
TLR 3a. Climate and weather information (CWI) services/systems/products improved or developed to respond to relevant climate and disaster risks LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of climate and Target 2 10 weather information (CWI) services/systems/ products improved or >100% >100% developed in response to relevant climate and Achievement 0 5 12 weather risks
TLR 3b.Institutions in targeted areas with improved capacity to develop, disseminate, or apply tailored weather and climate information services as a result of APIK activities LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date) Number of institutions in targeted areas with improved capacity to Target 15 65 develop, disseminate, or >100.00% >100.00% apply tailored weather and climate information services as a result of Achievement 30 55 68 APIK activities
TASK 4
TLR 4a. Climate risk management actions implemented as part of business operations in companies across multiple sectors LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of companies, Target 4 20 by sector, implementing climate >100% 65.00% risk management measures. Achievement 0 6 13
TLR 4b. Private sector-related pilot activities contribute to local resilience
LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date) Number of private sector-related pilot Target 1 1 10 >100% 90.00% activities designed to
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Achievement 0 4 9
TLR 4c. Awareness of the economic and other impacts of climate change and weather-related natural disasters improved among the private sector LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date) Percent change of awareness of targeted Target 35% 35% private sector stakeholders of the economic and other >100% >100% impacts of climate change and weather- Achievement 37.50% 37.50% 37.50% related natural disasters
TASK 5
TLR 5a. Models developed and disseminated on successful integration of district, provincial and national strategies for CCA and DRR mainstreaming LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of models and Target 3 12 examples of the successful integration of CCA and DRR by national and sub-national government agencies 100.00% >100.00% documented and disseminated to government agencies and donors across Achievement 0 3 18 Indonesia.
TLR 5b. Tools/approaches/methodologies for integrating CCA and DRR vulnerability analysis and response/adaptation strategies used by other projects including USAID/OFDA LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date) Number of tools or methodologies Target 2 10 100.00% 100.00% developed by APIK and
85 | ANNUAL REPORT PY 4 – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV used by other projects including USAID/OFDA resulting in increased capacity to integrate CCA and DRR into Achievement 3 4 10 their respective project activity plans. TLR 5c. Number of APIK project update reports reviewed and approved/endorsed by technical team at semi-annual meetings LOP (due Indicator Performance Q4 PY 4 PY 4 (Total) PY 4% LOP % date)
Number of APIK project Target 2 10 report (progress/annual) reviewed and >100% >100.00% approved/endorsed by technical team in every Achievement 1 4 15 semi-annual meeting
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APIK Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan World Trade Center, 7th Floor Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 28 Jakarta 12920 Indonesia
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