Why the Hatred Between the Jews and Samaritans?
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The Secular Music of the Yemenite Jews As an Expression of Cultural Demarcation Between the Sexes
JASO 27/2 (1996): 113-135 THE SECULAR MUSIC OF THE YEMENITE JEWS AS AN EXPRESSION OF CULTURAL DEMARCATION BETWEEN THE SEXES MARILYN HERMAN JEWISH men and women in Yemen are portrayed in the sociological and anthropo logical literature as having lived in separate conceptual and spatial worlds. As a result, two very separate bodies of song existed, one pertaining to men and the other to women. In this paper, I show how the culturally defined demarcation be tween the sexes is reflected and epitomized in the music of the Jews who lived in Yemen. i The key to this separation lies in the fact that women were banned from the synagogue altogether. This exclusion is not prescribed by Jewish law, and there is no precedent for it in the Bible or other Jewish literature or communities. The reason given for women being banned from the synagogue in Yemen was the fear that they might be menstruating. The condition of menstruation is, in Jewish law, This paper is based on my MA thesis (Herman 1985), which was written under the supervision and with the moral and academic support of Dr P. T. W. Baxter of Manchester University. My brother Geoffrey Herman willingly and painstakingly translated Hebrew articles into English for my benefit while I was writing this thesis. I. The period mainly referred to is the fifty years or so preceding 'Operation Magic Carpet', a series of airlifts between 1949 and 1950 in which the majority of Yemenite Jews were taken to Israel. 114 Marilyn Herman seen as ritually impure. -
2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I. -
Books in the Treasury
Books in the Treasury I went forth unto the treasury of Laban. And as I went forth towards the treasury of Laban, behold, I saw the servant of Laban who had the keys of the treasury. And I commanded him in the voice of Laban, that he should go with me into the treasury. And he supposed me to be his master, Laban, for he beheld the garments and also the sword girded about my loins. And he spake unto me concerning the elders of the Jews, he knowing that his master, Laban, had been out by night among them. And I spake unto him as if it had been Laban. And I also spake unto him that I should carry the engravings, which were upon the plates of brass, to my elder brethren, who were without the walls. (1 Nephi 4:20–24) The earliest records possessed by the Nephites were the brass plates brought from Jerusalem. These plates had been kept in “the treasury of Laban,” whence Nephi retrieved them. The concept of keeping books in a treasury, while strange to the modern mind, was a common practice anciently, and the term often denoted what we would today call a library. Ezra 5:17–6:2 speaks of a “treasure house” containing written records. The Aramaic word rendered “treasure” in this passage is ginzayyâ, from the root meaning “to keep, hide” in both Hebrew and Aramaic. In Esther 3:9 and 4:7, the Hebrew word of the same origin is used to denote a treasury where money is kept. -
THE WESTFIELD LEADER Life in the Suburbs by AI Smith DON't HOLLER INSIDE AFFILIATE MEMBER the K the KIDS the Kidis NATIONAL NEWSPAPER ASSOCIATION KIP's [ to BED ROOM
.-I M LD -T10 f" 33 J» J> m Q z C O O E WESTFIELD LEADER Westfield Since 1890 Published 24 Pages—30 Cents NINE! R, NO. 12 Second CIui Pouts• P WESTFIELD, NEW JERSEY, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1988 Every Thursday II WsilfieW. N.J. o Local Businesses Rally in Support of Storage Units A group of local businessmen represented were: Robert Store. were in attendance at Tuesday DeChellis, attorney for Anthony The ordinance as presented, night's town council meeting to DeChellis, president of Westfield called for the removal of mobile voice their opposition to a propos- Plumbing & Heating Supply Co., storage structures presently in ed ordinance which would pro- Inc.; Richard McDowell of use, allowing for a two-year hibit !hu use of mobile storage McDowells Oil Heat, Inc.; Byron period in which to facilitate structures. Miller of Portasoft Water Service removal. Co.; Peter Schechter of Westfield Many of the businessmen The purpose of the ordinance is Cleaners; Frank Geiger of argued that their businesses to reslricl business or commer- Geiger's Cider Mill; Raymond would suffer if they were forced cial uses to permanent structures Kostyack of Raymond's of to eliminate the storage units, which comply with all building, Westfield; Richard Pasquarella and added that additional ex- electrical fire and other codes of RPM Garage; Michael Seville penses for alternate storage and regulations within the town, of Westfield Lumber Co.; Jeffrey methods would mean passing on as well as improve the ap- O'Connor of the Central Avenue the costs to the consumer. pearance of the town. -
Next Steps in Syria
Next Steps in Syria BY JUDITH S. YAPHE early three years since the start of the Syrian civil war, no clear winner is in sight. Assassinations and defections of civilian and military loyalists close to President Bashar Nal-Assad, rebel success in parts of Aleppo and other key towns, and the spread of vio- lence to Damascus itself suggest that the regime is losing ground to its opposition. The tenacity of government forces in retaking territory lost to rebel factions, such as the key town of Qusayr, and attacks on Turkish and Lebanese military targets indicate, however, that the regime can win because of superior military equipment, especially airpower and missiles, and help from Iran and Hizballah. No one is prepared to confidently predict when the regime will collapse or if its oppo- nents can win. At this point several assessments seem clear: ■■ The Syrian opposition will continue to reject any compromise that keeps Assad in power and imposes a transitional government that includes loyalists of the current Baathist regime. While a compromise could ensure continuity of government and a degree of institutional sta- bility, it will almost certainly lead to protracted unrest and reprisals, especially if regime appoin- tees and loyalists remain in control of the police and internal security services. ■■ How Assad goes matters. He could be removed by coup, assassination, or an arranged exile. Whether by external or internal means, building a compromise transitional government after Assad will be complicated by three factors: disarray in the Syrian opposition, disagreement among United Nations (UN) Security Council members, and an intransigent sitting govern- ment. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
“Ahab” 1 Kings 16:29-19:21 Pastor Bob Singer 09/25/2016
Fact Sheet for “Ahab” 1 Kings 16:29-19:21 Pastor Bob Singer 09/25/2016 ESV 16:29 ¶ In the thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Judah, Ahab the son of Omri began to reign over Israel, and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty-two years. 30 And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD, more than all who were before him. 31 And as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, he took for his wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians, and went and served Baal and worshiped him. 32 He erected an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he built in Samaria. 33 And Ahab made an Asherah. Ahab did more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger than all the kings of Israel who were before him. Then we come to a verse that almost seems out of place, but God was following up on an important detail. 34 In his days Hiel of Bethel built Jericho. He laid its foundation at the cost of Abiram his firstborn, and set up its gates at the cost of his youngest son Segub, according to the word of the LORD, which he spoke by Joshua the son of Nun. Almost 550 years earlier at Jericho Joshua gave this prophecy (Joshua 6:26). 17:1 ¶ Now Elijah the Tishbite, of Tishbe in Gilead, said to Ahab, "As the LORD, the God of Israel, lives, before whom I stand, there shall be neither dew nor rain these years, except by my word." This would result in a sever famine in Israel. -
Herding, Warfare, and a Culture of Honor: Global Evidence
Herding,Warfare, and a Culture of Honor: Global Evidence* Yiming Cao† Benjamin Enke‡ Armin Falk§ Paola Giuliano¶ Nathan Nunn|| 7 September 2021 Abstract: According to the widely known ‘culture of honor’ hypothesis from social psychology, traditional herding practices have generated a value system conducive to revenge-taking and violence. We test the economic significance of this idea at a global scale using a combination of ethnographic and folklore data, global information on conflicts, and multinational surveys. We find that the descendants of herders have significantly more frequent and severe conflict today, and report being more willing to take revenge in global surveys. We conclude that herding practices generated a functional psychology that plays a role in shaping conflict across the globe. Keywords: Culture of honor, conflict, punishment, revenge. *We thank Anke Becker, Dov Cohen, Pauline Grosjean, Joseph Henrich, Stelios Michalopoulos and Thomas Talhelm for useful discussions and/or comments on the paper. †Boston University. (email: [email protected]) ‡Harvard University and NBER. (email: [email protected]) §briq and University of Bonn. (email: [email protected]) ¶University of California Los Angeles and NBER. (email: [email protected]) ||Harvard University and CIFAR. (email: [email protected]) 1. Introduction A culture of honor is a bundle of values, beliefs, and preferences that induce people to protect their reputation by answering threats and unkind behavior with revenge and violence. According to a widely known hypothesis, that was most fully developed by Nisbett( 1993) and Nisbett and Cohen( 1996), a culture of honor is believed to reflect an economically-functional cultural adaptation that arose in populations that depended heavily on animal herding (pastoralism).1 The argument is that, relative to farmers, herders are more vulnerable to exploitation and theft because their livestock is a valuable and mobile asset. -
Massacres in Syria. J. L Wis Farley
MASSACRE S IN SYRIA . Lfi I ARLEY J. W S F , ” A o n mu n: mg m. UTHOI r o “ , LONDON D BRA BURY EV NS 1 1 BO ERIE STREET. A , , UV 1861 ! The right of translationis reserved ] PRE FA C E . WHE N th e Janissaries t ose fanati al t rants , h c y wh o m nd unma e sultans were totall d e ade a d , y x l imd s r e un 1 5 a mou II . e a e t oy d (J e , M h d c , H enceforth I shall recognise th e Moslemonly inh is mos ue th e C ristianinhis ur and q , h ch ch, th e Jewinhis synagogue but th e precepts of th e Koranare held more sacre d by th e Mussul mans t ana atti- h uma ounor imerial res ri t h h y , p c p , and th e benevolent intentions of that wise and - mn a ne r n far sighte d o arch h ve ve be e fulfilled . I nvainh as th e present Sultandeclared his desire that all his subj ects should live together like brothers ; invainh as th e hatti- humayoun r l ime th e e ualit of th e f F b . 1 8 1 85 6 o a o e , , p c d q y Christianwith th e Turk invainhave our ships ‘ defende d th e capital and our soldiers shed their blood indefence of a tottering empire — for th e i v PREFACE . -
Syria, April 2005
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Syria, April 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: SYRIA April 2005 COUNTRY Formal Name: Syrian Arab Republic (Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah). Short Form: Syria. Term for Citizen(s): Syrian(s). Capital: Damascus (population estimated at 5 million in 2004). Other Major Cities: Aleppo (4.5 million), Homs (1.8 million), Hamah (1.6 million), Al Hasakah (1.3 million), Idlib (1.2 million), and Latakia (1 million). Independence: Syrians celebrate their independence on April 17, known as Evacuation Day, in commemoration of the departure of French forces in 1946. Public Holidays: Public holidays observed in Syria include New Year’s Day (January 1); Revolution Day (March 8); Evacuation Day (April 17); Egypt’s Revolution Day (July 23); Union of Syria, Egypt, and Libya (September 1); Martyrs’ Day, to commemorate the public hanging of 21 dissidents in 1916 (May 6); the beginning of the 1973 October War (October 6); National Day (November 16); and Christmas Day (December 25). Religious feasts with movable dates include Eid al Adha, the Feast of the Sacrifice; Muharram, the Islamic New Year; Greek Orthodox Easter; Mouloud/Yum an Nabi, celebration of the birth of Muhammad; Leilat al Meiraj, Ascension of Muhammad; and Eid al Fitr, the end of Ramadan. In 2005 movable holidays will be celebrated as follows: Eid al Adha, January 21; Muharram, February 10; Greek Orthodox Easter, April 29–May 2; Mouloud, April 21; Leilat al Meiraj, September 2; and Eid al Fitr, November 4. Flag: The Syrian flag consists of three equal horizontal stripes of red, white, and black with two small green, five-pointed stars in the middle of the white stripe. -
When Was Samaria Captured? the Need for Precision in Biblical Chronologies
JETS 47/4 (December 2004) 577–95 WHEN WAS SAMARIA CAPTURED? THE NEED FOR PRECISION IN BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGIES rodger c. young* i. factors that produce wrong chronologies The major factors that continue to produce confusion in the field of OT chronology are (1) the scholar imposes his schemes and presuppositions on the information available from the Scripture texts rather than first deter- mining the methods used by the authors of Scripture and then accommodat- ing his ideas to the methods of those authors; (2) even when the methods of Scripture are determined, the scholar fails to consider all the possibilities inherent in the scriptural texts; and (3) the scholar’s methodology lacks pre- cision and accuracy in the expression of dates and in the calculations based on those dates. The first factor results in the largest amount of confusion, because the chronologies produced are generally very free in discarding the scriptural data that does not agree with the theories of the investigator, and those theories and their resultant chronologies are only acceptable to the narrow group that shares the same presuppositions about which data should be rejected. For the second factor, the scholar may have determined the methods of the scriptural author and then adapted his presuppositions to those methods, but he still can overlook possibilities that are in keeping with his approach simply because he did not think of them. This was discussed in my two pre- vious articles.1 In those articles, examples were given of the consequences when a combination of factors was overlooked, and it was demonstrated that these overlooked possibilities can resolve problems that the original author could not adequately explain. -
Samaria-Sebaste Portrait of a Polis in the Heart of Samaria
Études et Travaux XXX (2017), 409–430 Samaria-Sebaste Portrait of a polis in the Heart of Samaria A S Abstract: King Herod of Iudaea (37–4 ) was a great master builder of the late Hellenistic and early Roman era. The two most important building enterprises initiated by him were the city and the port of Caesarea Maritima and Samaria-Sebaste. Both cities were named in honor of the Caesar Augustus and in each of these cities he erected temples dedicated to the Imperial cult. Among various public compounds erected in Samaria-Sebaste, such as the forum and the basilica, we fi nd a gymnasium-stadium complex. The very existence of the latter testifi es to the character of Samaria-Sebaste as the real polis populated mainly by the Hellenized Syro-Phoenicians. While the establishment of Caesarea Maritima with its port was a political-ideological declaration, Samaria-Sebaste was above all a power base and a stronghold loyal to the king. Keywords: king Herod of Iudaea, town-planning, Augusteum, public compounds Arthur Segal (Emeritus), Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa; [email protected] The city of Samaria was named for the geographical region of the Samarian mountains within which it is located. It has been identifi ed with the present-day Arab village of Sebastia, about 10km northwest of Shechem (today Nablus).1 The village name preserves the name Sebaste, which was given to Samaria when it was rebuilt by Herod between the years 30–27 to honor the emperor Augustus. Sebaste, a Greek name derived from the word Sebastos, is a translation from the Latin word Augustus, the title which had been granted by the Roman senate in 28 to Emperor Octavian (Octavianus) as a token of esteem for his actions on behalf of the state.