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Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey the First Family of Palaeoanthropology
GENERAL ¨ ARTICLE Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey The First Family of Palaeoanthropology Rajan Gaur Louis and Mary Leakey are two famous palaeoanthropologists and archaeologists of the twentieth century whose discoveries have had a major influence on our understanding of human evolution. These discoveries were spectacular and brought popular attention to the field of palaeoanthropology, though at times they also courted controversies. Though, debate on the proper interpretation of many of the fossil hominid finds Rajan Gaur is a Professor made by them continues even today, no one questions their at the Department of tremendous contribution to our knowledge about evolution of Anthropology, Panjab humankind. This article is focussed on their life and works. University,Chandigarh. His major area of research has been Introduction palaeoanthropology, mammalian palaeontology, Ever since Darwin published his monumental work in his book palaeoecology and physical ‘On the Origin of Species’ in 1859, the idea of evolution has anthropology. Over the gradually caught the imagination of the scientific community. last thirtyyears he has led However, it took a while for the concept of human evolution to be several palaeoanthropological accepted, in the face of the millennia-old and deeply entrenched fieldworks in the Siwaliks biblical view of the universe as a static representation of God’s of Northwest India and the creative device. Before Darwin’s theory, most scholars believed Narmada Basin and the explanation of Archbishop James Ussher of Armagh, Ireland collected a number of vertebrate fossils. and John Lightfoot (Vice Chancellor of the University of Cam- bridge), who in the early 1600s had deduced from a careful study of the Bible that earth had been created at 9 o’clock on October 23, 4004 BC. -
Insanin Afrikali Kökeninin Peşinde: Leakeyler
MAKALE İNSANIN AFRİKALI KÖKENİNİN PEŞİNDE: LEAKEYLER Şayeste Çağıl İnal Erhan Nalçacı Uzm. Bio., Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı. Prof. Dr., Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara E-posta: [email protected] E-posta: [email protected] ÖZET IN PURSUIT OF THE AFRICAN ORIGIN OF HUMAN: LEAKEYS ABSTRACT Antropoloji çalışan herkesin mutlaka duyduğu Leakey- - ailesi, özellikle insanın Afrika’daki evrimsel kökenine dair yapılan çalışmalarda sıklıkla anılır. Kenya’da, Oldu As one of the most famous names of anthropology, Lea vai Boğazı başta olmak üzere, çok sayıda yerde çalışma key is often recalled in studies regarding human origins- yapmış olan Louis ve Mary Leakey, antropolojinin, 20.- in Africa. Louis and Mary Leakey, who hadZinjanthropus done various yüzyıla kadar sapasağlam gelenZinjanthropus ırkçılığın etkisindenHomo studiesHomo including habilis Olduvai Gorge in Kenya, had an impor habiliskurtulmasında büyük etkiye sahip olmuşlardır. Birlik tant effect on the racism in anthropology. te buldukları ve adlandırdıkları ve and , the fossils they found and named fosilleri, Avrupa merkezci antropologların, insan together, had demolished the human evolution theories evriminin ancak Avrupa ya da belki Asya’da başladığına of Euro-centered anthropologists who locate origins of dair savunmalarını yıkmıştır. - humans in Europe or Asia. Kenya’da doğup büyüyen ve kendisini Kenyalı bir Kiku Louis, who was born and raised in Kenya by English- yu üyesi olarak tanımlayan, İngiliz misyoner bir ailenin- missionary parents and defines himself a Kenyan and a çocuğu olan Louis ile eğitimin kendisine göre olmadığını member of Kikuyu, and Mary, who left high school, be düşünerek liseyi bırakan, ancak antropoloji ve arkeolo cause she did not think education was for her, but was jiye büyük tutkuyla bağlı Mary’nin hayatı, sıradanlıktan very passionate of anthropology and archeology, had an uzak ve ilginç detaylarla doludur. -
TBI-Ebook.Pdf
TURKANA BASIN INSTITUTE Science & Research in the Turkana Basin, Kenya This book © 2015 by the Turkana Basin Institute. All rights reserved. Cover photo: Mike Hettwer, www.hettwer.com. The Stony Brook Foundation is a private 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that handles philanthropic contributions to TBI. 1 2 O M 3 O MAPMAP OFOF THETHE R I V E TURKANATURKANA R BASINBASIN ETHIOPIA E G N A R BULUK R U B A Ileret Village L TBIILERET E M O T O K O I R A N NORTH ISLAND A R O Sibiloi F I National B LOMEKWI O Park O K NACHUKUI CENTRAL ISLAND TBITURKWEL Lodwar Nakechichok Village W E R K L U T R I V E R M A G A H T O L Loiyangalani M T . K U L A L A SOUTH ISLAND KENYA N A Nairobi K R U L T A K E N 0 25 50 Miles 0 25 50 Kilometers 4 TBI International Advisory Board Dexter Bailey Meave G. Leakey Kitili Mbathi Mark Read Executive Director of the Research Professor, Stony Brook University; Managing Director, CFC Stanbic Bank Limited; Director and Chair, Everard Read Gallery, Stony Brook Foundation Director, Plio-Pleistocene Research, TBI Chief Executive, CFC Stanbic Holdings Limited; Johannesburg, South Africa East Africa Regional Director, Simon Cairns Richard E. Leakey James H. Simons Standard Bank Group Co-founder, Africa’s Voices Foundation Professor of Anthropology, Stony Brook Chairman, Simons Foundation; University; Chair of the Board, TBI Titus Naikuni Chairman & Founder, Richard L. Gelfond Chairman, AirTel Kenya Renaissance Technologies Chief Executive Officer, IMAX Corporation Julia Marton-Lefèvre Former Director General of IUCN Martin Oduor-Otieno Marilyn H. -
Field School
THE TURKANA BASIN INSTITUTE FIELD ORIGINS SCHOOL Study Abroad in Kenya! • Full semester & summer programs available • Open to all majors • Explore the rich prehistory of Kenya’s Lake Turkana region • Courses in Ecology, Geology, Paleontology, Human Evolution & Archaeology TURKANA BASIN INSTITUTE www.kenyastudyabroad.org F I ELD SCHOOLS EMBARK ON THE ACADEMIC ADVENTURE OF A LIFETIME Do you want to visit Africa? Are you interested in science The Origins Field School is offered in the following curriculum options: and nature? Want to explore the prehistory of Kenya’s SEMESTER ABROAD PROGRAM – EARN 15* CREDITS! Lake Turkana region for yourself? This full-semester program is comprised of five, 3-credit courses at the upper-division or graduate level, and is offered each fall and spring semester. Participants will earn at least 15 upper-division The Turkana Basin Institute (TBI) and Stony Brook University are pleased to offer unique Study credits while they explore and learn in the very place where the Leakey family and their colleagues Abroad programs held every Fall, Spring, and Summer term: the Origins Field School. have made, and continue to make, unprecedented discoveries into our origins. For over five decades, scientific exploration in the Lake Turkana Basin by the Leakey family and their colleagues has unearthed much of the existing fossil evidence for our earliest evolutionary * origins. SUMMER PROGRAM – EARN 9 CREDITS! Our new summer program is comprised of three, 3-credit courses at the upper-division or TBI’s Origins Field School explores the place that humans occupy in the natural world and how graduate level, and is offered every summer. -
By Stuart Thornton
R E S O U R C E L I B R A R Y A RT I C L E Case Study: Koobi Fora Research Project A case study that illustrates the Koobi Fora Research Project’s amazing finds in the field of paleontology. G R A D E S 6 - 12+ S U B J E C T S Geology For the complete article with media resources, visit: http://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/case-study-koobi-fora-research-project/ By Stuart Thornton Wednesday, May 16, 2012 National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence and paleontologist Meave Leakey works in the remote Lake Turkana region of Kenya and Ethiopia. She, her husband, Richard, her daughter Louise, and a team of scientists have been researching fossils in the Koobi Fora area of the Lake Turkana Basin for more than 30 years. Koobi Fora is a ridge of sedimentary rock on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya. The Koobi Fora Research Project (KFRP), initiated in 1968, forms the backbone of the Turkana Basin Institute (TBI). Almost 10,000 fossils have been discovered in Koobi Fora, more than 350 from ancient hominin species. The investigation of the evolution of human beings and hominin relatives is the primary—although not the only—scientific goal of the KFRP. “The continued research in the Turkana Basin will further the global understanding of human origins and the context in which it occurred through the recovery and investigation of new fossil material from deposits in northern Kenya,” according to the project’s mission statement. Geography Located in northern Kenya, the Turkana Basin is a 70,000-square-kilometer (27,027-square-mile) region that is home to Lake Turkana, the most saline lake in East Africa and the largest desert lake in the world. -
Centennial Tribute to Louis Leakey
September 2003 ASP Bulletin Vol. 27, No. 3 Page 1 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PRIMA TOLOGISTS BulletinBulletin Toni Ziegler - Executive Secretary Volume 27, Number 3 September 2003 A Message from the President... Since this provided us with this year. The Keynote 100 conservation projects all over the ASP Bulletin Speakers highlighted the breadth and world, with approximately half of the is chock full diversity of our Society, and the awards going to scientists and students in of reports contributed papers and posters convinced “countries of origin”. We should be from the an- many that the state of science on primates proud of our support of conservation nual meeting is excellent. My personal thanks to all efforts, and I encourage you to continue and who helped make the meeting a great to support these important efforts with highlights of success. One final point about the your donations. upcoming meeting and our Society’s contributions to Many, if not all, of you are aware of events and primate conservation. The Conservation changes in the Editorship of the Society’s opportunities, Committee recommended, and the ASP journal, the American Journal of I’ll make my Board of Directors approved, 11 Primatology. Mike Andrews served as essay short. I must begin, however, by Conservation Grants at this year’s the journal’s editor for 4 years, and acknowledging the hard work and meeting. The ASP has now funded over provided tremendous service to the dedication of two long-time ASP members Society by taking on the Editorship in a who together put together one of the best difficult transition period. -
ORIGINS FIELD SCHOOL Humanity’S Place in Nature
Study Abroad in Kenya at the Turkana Basin Institute’s ORIGINS FIELD SCHOOL Humanity’s Place in Nature TURKANA BASIN INSTITUTE F I ELD SCHOOLS The Turkana Basin Institute is proud to offer the Origins Field School, a full-semester study abroad field A UNIQUE EDUCATIONAL ADVENTURE education program at Lake Turkana in northern Kenya, through Stony Brook University. For over 40 years, the Leakey family—in residence for parts of the program—have pioneered human Ever wanted to visit Africa? Have an interest in science? Would you prehistory research in this remote and beautiful region of Africa’s Great Rift Valley, considered by many to be the “cradle of humanity.” like to learn, hands-on, about field research in the Turkana Basin, The Turkana Basin preserves a wealth of ancient remains unrivaled anywhere in the world. Here you will find one of the most remote and interesting areas in Kenya? dinosaur fossils, 18 million-year-old leaf impressions, and diverse extinct mammals, including our human ancestors. Archaeological remains in the basin span from earliest times—2.3 million years to megalith sites built 4000 years ago. The potential for new, important scientific discoveries in the Turkana Basin is as vast as the region itself. COURSEWORK The 11-week program consists of 5 two-week 3-credit courses in which students will learn basic field techniques and principles of Ecology, Geology, Paleontology, Physical Anthropology, and Archaeology. Coursework includes lectures, lab and field exercises, overnight field excursions for hands-on learning, research methods and techniques, exams and quizzes, independent research projects, reading assignments, and oral presentations. -
Homo Sapiens 2
GENERAL I ARTICLE From Purgatorius ceratops to Homo sapiens 2. Human Evolution Sindhu Radhakrishna For establishing our bearings through time, we obviously owe an incalculable debt to vanished and endangered species ... John McPhee The second part of this article on the evolution of the primate order, deals with the final part ofthe tale, that of the evolution of the human lineage. Before we launch into the Sindhu Radhakrishna is at the National Institute of origin and evolution of the human species, it is a useful Advanced Studies, IISc exercise to take a brief look at what distinguishes humans Campus, Bangalore. Her from other primates. Most of the anatomical differences research interests are in between humans and other primates are simply an exten the fields of primatology, behavioral ecology and sion of the morphological differences between primates conservation biology, and and other mammals (see Part 11). For example, the trends her work has focused on towards increased brain size, delayed maturational periods gaining a better under and specialization of the hand for object manipulation, standing of social behaviour and communi already present in non-human primates, reach the apex of cation in nocturnal development in modem humans. primates. Human Characteristics In an interesting discussion on 'what makes us human?' Harvard anthropologist David Pilbeam points out some of the more I Primate Evolutionary History, Resonance, Vol.l1, No .7, 2006 . distinctive characteristics that give us our unique stamp. To briefly enumerate, in terms of population size and distribution, human beings are found in virtually every environment on earth. Such an enormous range extension, in comparison to nonhuman primates, is due to the fact that human individuals carry a 'microenvironment' with them, in the form of clothes and shelters, wherever they travel.