UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The enclosed or partially enclosed circular or curved negative space of some letters such as d or o. dor as such letters some of space negative curved or circular enclosed partially or enclosed The COUNTER baseline. the from measured letter acapital of height The CAP HEIGHT serifs. bracketed are serifs all Not fonts. some of serif and stem the between connection wedge-like or A curved BRACKET b. dor as such aletter of part rounded closed, fully The BOWL one. lowest the of bottom to the letterform tallest the of top the between distance to the Refers BODY HEIGHT rests. text of aline which upon line imaginary The BASELINE Crossbar. to as abar. referred His Aand Also uppercase of middle the across stroke horizontal (usually) The BAR end. asquare or to aserif opposed as shape, circular aroughly takes astroke of end the where glyph or atypeface of feature adesign is terminal A ball BALL TERMINAL Stress. to as referred Sometimes axis. the is strokes lower and upper the bisecting aglyph of to bottom top from drawn line imaginary An AXIS the baseline and between distance the top ofThe the glyph. invisible line marking the farthest LINE ASCENT afont. in ascenders of height the marking line invisible The LINE ASCENDER x-height. typeface’s the above extends that letters lowercase of part the on found stroke vertical upward An ASCENDER stroke. cross or crossbar or bar with interchangeably used is arm Sometimes arm. its aKis on stroke upward diagonal the Additionally, arms. of examples Eare Fand the of strokes horizontal the Tand capital the of top The ends. both or one at stem or stroke to a connect not does that characters some on stroke horizontal the is aletter of arm The ARM typefaces. some for feature identifying an is and rounded or blunt, point, asharp be may apex The apex. the is meet strokes right and left the Awhere uppercase the as such acharacter of top the at point The APEX a. adouble-storey of part upper the e, of or part lower the S, C, n, as such characters some in space negative rounded somewhat enclosed, partially the is aperture The APERTURE ANATOMY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The enclosed or partially enclosed counter below the baseline of a double-story g. enclosedThe counter enclosed or partially below the baseline of a double-story LOOP P uppercase the Example: aletter. of structure main to the attached stoke projecting A rounded LOBE g. adouble-storey of loop and bowl the (links) connects that stroke curved usually Small, LINK character. or glyph one to form together joined are Two letters more or LIGATURE aleg. Rcalled Kand the of stroke lower, sloping The down LEG f. alowercase on found Usually aterminal. in stroke protruding A curved, HOOK The stroke thinnest typefamily. found in a specific HAIRLINE a. adouble-storey of top the eor Cor of bottom the as such letters on tapered somewhat is that aletter of part The FINIAL ‘e’.lowercase in a space enclosed the to specifically like acounter, eye refers Much the EYE r. lowercase curved or angled the in appears g; also lowercase of bowl the of side upper-right the from extending stroke A small EAR aTittle. as known Also j. ior alowercase on diacritic an as such mark, distinguishing A small DOT Z. letter the of stroke diagonal the as such aletterform on stroke angled An DIAGONAL STROKE the more commonly seen include diacriticals acute, cedilla, circumflex, grave,tilde, and umlaut. they are a common occurrence in French, Spanish, and Italian, other German, languages. Some of the accent marks used to on some denote characters apronounciation. specific Rare in English, DIACRITIC the baseline of and between distance the bottom the glyph. The invisible line marking the farthest DESCENT LINE afont. within descenders the of point lowest the marking line invisible The LINE DESCENDER baseline. the below extend that letters the of part The DESCENDER V. the as such meet strokes two where angle inside acute, An CROTCH ANATOMY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The height of lowercase letters reach based on height of lowercase x, excludes ascenders and descenders. and ascenders excludes x, lowercase of height on based reach letters lowercase of height The X-HEIGHT case. upper to reach harder the in kept were letters capital used lesser the where type metal of days the from derived is term The names. proper of letter first the as and sentences of beginning the at used normally alphabet the of letters capital The UPPERCASE aDot. as known Also j. ior alowercase on diacritic an as such mark, distinguishing A small TITTLE aserif. include doesn’t that stroke any of curved) or (straight end The TERMINAL tails. called also yare and p, q, j, g, on descender The tail. the Ris Kor on stroke diagonal curved often descending, the Qor letter the on stroke decorative often descending, The TAIL Example: glyph. on a etc. stroke, entry tail, terminal, serif, an exaggerated as such flourish, A typographical SWASH bowls. and stems, arms, bars, as such letterform the make up that Parts STROKE stroke in characters. upright Vertical, full-length STEM stroke. main a off projection A small SPUR S. capital or alowercase of stroke curved main The SPINE n lowercase the Example: astem. from downward aiming stroke curved The SHOULDER (hair), square (slab), or wedge and are bracketed either or unbracketed. fall into Serifs various groups and can be describedletterforms. generally as hairline some of strokes horizontal and vertical main of end the at found stroke extra little The SERIF C uppercase the Example: end. one on open is that acharacter within space open partially The COUNTER OPEN some aligning heights, to the baseline and some varying below. with Numbers OLD-STYLE FIGURES access. quick for case lower the in kept were letters used frequently more the where type metal of days the from derived is term The atypeface. in letterforms smaller The LOWERCASE ANATOMY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY Always &Forever Always