VOTE FOR

JULIAN BOND For the Georgia House of Representatives Democratic Candidate From the 136th District A Platform to

Represent You

You live in the 136th District. Only you can make a decision about your life, the changes you want, the things you need.

With Julian Bond, you will have that chance. His seat in the Georgia House of Representa­ tives will be your seat.

WHAT YOU WANT IS THE FIRST PLANK IN MY PLATFORM.

I intend to visit every block in the 136th District and talk to every person I can to find out what the residents of the districts want done in the Georgia House.

I WILL ALSO WORK TO: A Candidate For YOU For the 136th District, Georgia House of Representatives Work For a Minimum Wage Law forGeor- Jy'gia at $2 an hour. Julian Bond is communications director for the Atlanta-based Student Non-Violent Coordinating © Committee, a leading organization in the effort to secure equal rights for all people in the South. Change the law so that it will cover all workers, including restaurant workers and Julian Bond is 25 years old. He attended Morehouse College for three years. He left school to domestic workers. help nrorqnivp thp ATLANTA INQITJpp.Rf weekly newspaper of the Atlanta Negro community. He was associate Editor of the paper. Repeal the Right to Work Law, It — not a right law. It restricts laboi unions ia the As a college student, Julian Bond helped organize and was executive secretary of the Committee Qstate. It thus keeps many wages down and on Appeal for Human Rights. This was the Atlanta University Student Movement group which wag­ working conditions unsatisfai tory, ed a successful campaign to desegregate lunch counters and movie theaters in Atlanta and to in­ crease job opportunities for Negroes. It also conducted an extensive voter registration drive. &\ Abolish the death penal- • , Julian Bond joined the staff of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1962. Remove allvotei registration requirements As a SNCC staff member, he has participated in voter registration and anti-segregation drives in except age and residence. South Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Arkansas.

Write into the urban renewal program laws Julian Bond is the son of Dr. and Mrs. Horace Mann Bond of Atlanta. His father isdean of edu- /Q\and regulations which protect people who can't rafion at Atlanta Ilnivftrfijtv .Tnlian RnndismarripH to thp ffirmpr Miss Alice UlOpton Ot Atlanta. (iJ^afford the high cost of remodelinremodelir g or of They have two children. moving. Their home is at 823 Drummond St., S.W., in the 136th District. Simpson Many of the young people of the 136th Dis­ trict are school dropouts. They see no future for themselves and no jobs. They need to know there can be a future for them here. The 136th District has many problems. No one can solve them alone. These problems are people's problems, and people, working together, can begin to make changes, to make this a better place for all of us. Remember to vote Wednesday, June 16. Vote for yourself, for a chance to help your­ self and your neighbors. Vote for Julian Bond. if! sal.

You must vote again on June 16 in the Gen­ eral Election. You have a chance to choose someone who will give you a chance to make decisions about your life. Change is coming across the South. The The 136th District old order is disappearing and younger, newer Gordon ideas are taking hold. You can help bring this change. We live in a District where more than one- half of the people make less than $3,000 a year, ine ieaeral government says this is If you live in the 136th District, you must poverty. Most of the working women in the act now to change your life. 136th DistricTare Domestic WbrKers. They need laws Co-guarantee them a fair wage. Most of the houses in the 136th District are listed as "poor" or "rBlapatprl" hy tfrp federal government. We need laws to keep On Election Day, June 16, you have a chance landlords from allowing houses to getinsnch to speak out, to choose someone who will bad shape, and from charging high rents for make decisions about your life with you. bad housing.

If you need free transportation to the polls on Election Day, call 524-2638. For the first time, the representative you vote for can really represent YOU. He can come from where you live. He can know your problems and find out from you what you want done about them. Julian Bond Campaign Headquarters In this kind of election, nobody has to tell you who can best represent you. You can make 862 Hunter Street, SW your own judgments. You have a chance to know the candidates. You can look at them Atlanta, Georgia 30314 and see which one can really represent YOU, AND YOUR REAL INTERESTS. Phone: 524-2638

Take a good look at Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

360 Nelson Street, S.W. 688-0331 Atlanta, Georgia 30313 July 2, 196^

Dear Friend,

On June 18, President Johnson made an announcement that shocked supporters of civil rights and human dignity all over this nation. He announced that he would appoint an old and stanch racist and former Governor of Mississippi to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. At a time when Negroes in Mississippi still must endure oppressive and restrictive laws this Governor signed into effect, the President of the United States appointed J. P. Coleman to fill a vancancy which has been open for the past 18 months. Under the new voting bill, if the state of Mississippi wishes to prevent Negroes from voting, the state will appeal directly to the *ifth Circuit Court.

The Fifth Circuit encompasses the two worst states in the nation with regard to denial of civil and human rights—Mississippi and Alabama. Yet, a man who said on October 26, 1956: "I do not now favor the Negro voting in Mississippi. He is wholly unprepared to assume this respon­ sibility," will be making decisions for the federal government about who votes in Mississippi.

In his Inaugural Address as Governor of Mississippi on January 3, 1956, Coleman stated:

"In my gubernatorial campaign of 1955 I said in my official platform: 'There will be no mixing of the races in any of the state operated educational institutions. I already have a record on this subject. This is no task for the amateur or hothead.'

I further told the people that if elected Governor, with the cooperation of a good legislature, we would maintain the separa­ tion of the races without at the same time keeping our state, its economy, its customs, and its practices, in a daily uproar of confusion and uncertainty. I say to this audience...that I have not the slightest fear th at four years hence when my successor stands on this same spot to assume his official oath, the separation of the races will be left intact and will still be in full force and effect in exactly the same manner and form as we know it today."

As Governor, J. P. Coleman lived up to his word and signed into effect many unconstitutional laws and statutes designed to preserve the second class status of Mississippi's Negro citizens. The State Sovereignty Commission, specifically designed to isolate the state from "federal encroachment" and to maintain the white supremist power structure was

ft One Wlan, One Vote ®vs -2-

created. The State Sovereignty Commission is an intelligence agency which has given at least ^193,000 (in tax money) to the White Citizens Council, according to testimony by Sovereignty Commission officials in evidence taken by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party as part of the Congressional Challenge.

When Senators get back from their Fourth of July vacation, a subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee will commence hearings on this appointment. When these hearings are over, the subcommittee will report either favorably or unfavorably to the full Senate Judiciary Committee and from there to the full Senate.

We of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee are appealing directly to you because you are a constituent of a Senator who has gone on record for human rights and who sits on the Judiciary Committee. We urge you to wire your Senator and demand that he stop this appointment in committee. Ask him to make his vote cast in favor of Hie Voting Bill meaningful by refusing to confirm J. P. Coleman's appointment to the Fifth Circuit Court.

Yours in the struggle,

John Lewis Chairman (

360 Nelson Street SW Atlanta, Georgia 3Q313 (U0U)688-0331 July 6, 1965

Dear Friends:

All over the country there are groups of people like you and your neighbors, who have gotten together to fight against low pay or no jobsj bad schools, streets, and housingj racial discrimination! unfair governments and police; and the many other problems a lot of us have to face. In Cleveland, Ohio, mothers on welfare have joined together to get fairer treatment. In Mississippi, cotton plantation workers have formed a union and are now striking for more than the usual $3 a day. In New York City, slum tenants are taking part in rent strikes to get landlords to make necessary repairs. Out in San Francisco, people who live in housing projects are organizing to demand the services they need.

Many of these community groups have newsletters which come to our office. It is quite exciting to read about the same experiences, in similar words, from very different groups in different parts of the country<, (I have enclosed a sampling of articles from the different publications. Take a look, and you'll see what I mean.)

While reading these various newsletters, it occurred to me that it might be a good idea to help these different community groups get into contact with each other. Different groups can share their problems, and the ways they have tried to combat these problems. And several groups working together can find new solutions that no one group alone could think of, or that could not be put into action by only one group.

So I am sending out a list of some of the conmunity groups I know about. If you have a newsletter, why not begin sending it to the other organizations on this list? If you don't, maybe you can send each other letters describing your organization.

Incidentally, I have a much longer list of community groups, which I am working on adding to all the time. (For example, the list in this letter doesn't include all of the more than UO SNCC projects in Mississippi alone.) I will be glad to send anyone who is interested the full list. I would also appreciate receiving names and addresses of new groups to add to the list—and if you have any other suggestions about getting groups like yourself together, please do not hesitate to write—to each other as well as to me.

Sincerely,

/Q a^-v <*/v^ /JAJL^. o(JZ Barbara Brandt Communications Department Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee enc: Short list of community groups Sampling of articles from community organizations' publications xmxmxmxmxmxmxmxx 511 E. Clinch

V

July 8, 1965

Dear Barbara Brand, We were encouraged to 3ee your last mailing which contained excerpts from community union newsletters and a list of community organizations across the country. It's good to see that people in SHOO are beginning to stress a real tie between the struggle In the northern cltfes as well as the black belt of the 5ou th and ^ppalachia. I would suggest adding a couple of addresses: Freedom House 2514 Poplar Cairo, Illinois Southern Mountain Project c/o AEi AC 511 S. Clinch *••• KhcKville, ^enn. The ^airo project has a newsletter. T'e y are organizing Negroes and poor whites in the ghettos of southern Illinois. Southern Illinois is somewhat like the ^•lta areas deeper ^ofcth. Similar condtions and problems exist both places. '*}» Southern* Mountain Project sponsored by SCEP has about 7 people organizing in Sevier County, ^onn. '•^hey just got together this month so will not have any newsletters yet. They will have reports and would appreciate communication from other projects. Also, I would appreciate your listing AEPAC or Appalachian Conference. In my reports I want to send out information Including "who to write to, where to find out kind of information. The SMt. Project has its address here forjnail purposes. Most of them live over in ^lount and Sevier counties. Yes, in answer to your question, we would JLiko to receive from you the full list of community groups wh&ch you are working on now. Keep up the good work. Warm regards, SAMPLING OF ARTICLES FROM COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS • NEWSLETTERS--p. I

1. TT Jl-COIA WORKERS ON STRIKE FOR UNION The workers at the Coca-Cola plant here in Hazard are on strike. Nine men are striking for a Union and enough wages to support their family. These boys have stood on the picket line for several weeks now, in the hot sun and in the rain. They intend to have better working conditions even though some of the business pla­ ces in town are buying the non-union Cokes that the owner and his wife are hauling around in an old car and selling. Come on folks lets help these boys win their strike for a Union representation, higher wages and better working conditions. They and their families are human too. They also have to eat, wear clothing, and send their children to school. Pepsm Cola workers have a union so why shouldn't Coca Cola boys have a decent living also....The union believers are organizing to stop trading with the people trying to break the strike. Come on, wake up and let's all help these boys now when they need help. (This article, written by Mrs. Berman Gibson, appeared in the May lU, 1965 issue of the "Voice for Jobs and Justice." It is published by ACFE in Hazard, Kentucky, whir-h is an organization of poor white coal miners and small farmers.)

2. UNION MEMBERS TALK STRIKE Everybody should be on strike because you are not getting anything for your work. Why work and be hungry when you can gain the union get some support. All the people that have children really should be on strike as well as the parents. Why make your child work for low wages when you all of your life have been working- for nothing? Why buy the white man steak when you can't hardly eat neckbones? As cheap as chicken is you can't even eat it but once a week on Sunday. Wake up and think. We as Negroes should want to be equal and get high wages. For over two hundred years we have been working for nothing. Please join the union because if you are;n^t in a union you just aren't anywhere. The union started in January, a group of people at the freedom school discussion got together and decided that they weren't getting anything for their work. They form a union and started paying dues. They went to other counties in Mississippi spreading the ideal. In March the people in Shaw, Mississippi, about 90 people canvassed trying to get people to strike for higher wages. At that time the union didn't have a name and they didn't have papers for people to sign to go in the union....(Now) We have 1325 members in the union and 350 people on strike. The way we got these many people is talking to them and showing them the point of how important it is to form a union. We talk to people in the homes and on plantations, at stores, churches, and towns. • , (This article, by members of the Mississippi Freedom Labor Union, appeared in the June 6, 1965 issue of the SNCC Voice. Memebsrs of the MFLU are Negro cotton choppers; sharecroppers, and day farm laborers.)

3. NEWARK REPORT—10 SIT-IN AT MAYOR'S OFFICE BACKGROUND Last October, Tom, Carl and Mrs. Watkins signed an agreement with Mamie Hayes, who was Mrs. Warkins' landlady. The paper said that Mrs. Hayes would fix up. A few days later Tom met Mrs. Hayes on Ridgewood Avenue. He had the paper with him and she tried to grab it away, and hurt his arm with her thumb nail. So he went up to the 5th precinct to file a complaint. They wouldn't let him, so he went back to ridgewood. Mrs. Hayes was there with the police, and they arrested him for assault and battery and threat to kill. The case has been waiting ever since. IN COURT This Monday in court, Mrs. Hayes stood up for 15 minutes pointing at Tom and saying he beat her and stomped her. But when they started to question her witness, the witness said "That's not Tom Hayden." And Mrs. Hayes changed her mind. She pointed at Carl in the back of the courtroom and said, "That is Tom Hayden, that's the one that beat me." So the judge arrested Carl, putting Tom's charges on him. They dropped them against Tom. They sent Carl off to the Newark St. Jail under $500 bail. (over) ARTICLES FROM COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS' NEWSLETTERS—p. 2 (3* continued) • . . _ This treatment of Carl made us mad so we went over to see the Mayor. He's the man who appointed Del Mauro (the judge who sentenced Carl). We wanted results and here's what happened next. All of it was mean! Time - they didn't give us any time, they were all talking and running their m&uths. They just told us to get up and we wouldn't get up. They talked to us about how we were wrong - to get up and get out. Did we want to get arrested? and we said, "No we don't want to get arrested, we just want to see the Mayor." Then some of them said, "Let's arrest themi Let's get them out of here!" One of them hit Jesse and knocked him back. Jesse was sitting and he hit Jesse and then smashed him back. All of the policemen were hollering, "Let's get them out of here!" They seemed like they wanted to hurt us. Then they started drag­ ging us out like dogs....What really upset me was when I saw how brutal the police were treating those girls. They dragged them out like they were dogs.' Seemed like for the men it wouldn't feel so bad, but the girls - they dragged them out there and it seemed like they had no pity - they were enjoying itl ...You know what makes you sick to your stomach? When you put those guys in office and they get down there and they can't see you' They can see you before they get into office. Before they get in they're little men. But put them in and see what you get - you get nothing but promises. ....When we went down to the Mayor's Office to see him, I didn't think that I would ever be dragged, kicked, teeth knocked out, just to see the ^yor. I voted for the man to getbwhere he isj I worked hard in the schools and on the post. I never did think that I'd get dragged and thrown around and looked down on like some dog who never should be down there, just to ask the Mayor for what we want in our neighborhood. (This article, written by members of the Newark Community Union Project, in New Jersey, appeared in the April 26 , 1965 issue of the Economic Research and Action Project—ERAP—Newsletter. NCUP is one of the projects organized by ERAP, which is associated with Students for a Democratic Society.) li. Junior High School 13 at 106th Street and Madison Avenue has a "conduct room" for students that misbehave. Students have spent from one week to three months in this B12 class, RECEIVING NO INSTRUCTION while in the room. Recently the Parents' Association of J.H.S.13 found about Rosalind, a student at the school. Rosalind spent three weeks in BIS, a basement storeroom of the school. Rosalind signed a friend's probation card. For three weeks she was used to run errands. When the Parents' Association complained to the principal, Mr. Leonard Loeb, about this and other wrongs going on in the school, Mr. Loeb was reported to have said that parents who demand the correction of these things are irresponsible. (This article appeared in the February 28, 1965 edition of "Grassroots—the Voice of East Harlem." East Harlem is a section in New York City in which the people, who live in slum buildings, are mostly Puerto Rican and Negro.)

5. MOTHER SPEAKS OUT ON EDUCATION It looks bad when a kid can't go to school and be tqught the truth, and the teachers can't spend their time on their books and helping the kids with their lessons. They'll talk about someone running for office .or someone being a "Communist." They tell the kids that a Communist is a person trying to make someone do something he doesn't want to do. Well you know that is just what the Appalachian Committee is fighting against. They are fighting people being driven to non-union mines to work no matter how small the wages on how far itis from homd. They say go back to the mines or you can't have the food stamps, or being afraid to wear the sticker of a Candidate if the money power doesn't like him. Could it be they don't like him because he is a union man? Or being afraid not to vote for a man, afraid you will lose a job. Is this freedom? Is this giving a man his freedom? (more) ARTICLES FROM COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS' NEWSLETCERS—p. 3

(5. continued) We want unions, we want them so the operators can't make us do the things we don't want to do. That is against the union contracts. We want work in here that pays enough so we won't need to go to the food stamp office and be made to feel like we are not humans. The way I see it the laboring man needs his freedom. It still spells out the big shot wants to tell the little man what to do. The reason Berman Gibson has been called "Communist" is because he is a union man. He believes a man should be paid a decent wage. Why can't they prove he is a Communist? The reason is because he is an old country boy, raised in Knott County, Kentucky. He believes every man should have his freedom. Where do they get this propaganda? It's just their evil minds. They are trying to hurt our organization, but we have enough common sense to know why they spread such filth. It is time for some of the white collar men to wake up. We poorly educated feve been ignorant long enough. We're wise to most politicians. They want us to stay where we are now. All they want of us is to go to the polls on election day and vote their way. We're tired of promises, we don't want promises, we want action. I would like to know how many people in office have tried to help the laboring man. I don't mean food stamps. What we want is jobs, and job's that will pay a decent wage. It's a disgrace for a man to work all week and then have to buy the food stamps so he can eat. Some men are being trained today. What will they work at when they are trained? Will they go to some other state to make money and spend it there? We need jobs here so when we make money, our state and county will prosper, not some other state. We will always be in poverty as long as things continue this way. This state will never overcome this poverty on $1.25 an hour and food stamps. We know this helps the people now, but this can't go on forever. If the food stamps should stop this lay, people would be starving. We haven't gotten anywhere toward the work we need. (This article, by Rachel Brewer, appeared in the May lU, 1965 issue of the ACFE publication, "Voice for Jobs and Justice.")

6. HOUSING TENANT UNION CHALLENGES AUTHORITY "There's a terrific fear in the people. It's not lack of intelligence, but it's fear of the Public Housing Authority. The tenants don't know their rights, and the Housing hasn't been courteous enough to inform them", said Mrs. Audrey Smith, chairman of the Yerba Buena Plaza and Annex Tenant Union. She and other tenants in the San Francisco Yerba Buena housing project have formed the Union to protect the rights and interests of tenants, improve their living conditions and provide them with recreational facilities. The Union is growing stronger, but only slowly, Mrs. Smith said. "People show up for two meeting§, then when nothing drastic is accomplished, they get discouraged ...Most of them have never fought for anything in their lives. When I want something from the Housing Authority, I call up and demand it. Not everyone can do that. A lot of people are afraid they'll get thrown out of the projects if they stand up for themselves." To counteract some of the fear and doubt, she said, "We're going to have one tenant in each building be a Gaptain. Building Captains will know all of their neighbors and help them deal with the Housing Authority, the Welfare Department or any other problems." "We've also had some of the project managers come to the Tenant Union meetings, and some of the tenants will go in a delegation to the City Housing Commission. Wher the tenants get to talk to managers and commissioners, they won't be so afraid." "Some of the project managers think the Tenant Union Is a marvelous idea," she said. "Some of the higher-ups don't like what we're doing, but they haven't got any choice. Just the name of our Union has some of the important people in San Francisco shaken up.".... The Union thinks tenants should be able to choose manages and other administra­ tive personnel for their projects. Tenants should also be able to elect from among project residents at least three of the five Housing Commissioners, presently (more) ARTICLES FBOM COMUIU'IY OH5AOTZATTONS' NEWSLETTERS—p. h

(6. continued) appointed by the Mayor. Then public housing, tenants would have a voice in, important decisions which affect their lives. (This article, by Judi Lynch, appeared in the May 1965 issue of "The Movement," a newsletter from California.)

7. COMMUNITY PEOPLE'S CONFERENCE: A REPORT To you people who couldn't come with us to the Cleveland Conference, what I've done in this little leaflet is to try to make you feel as if you were really there with us. It was impossible for me to capture the emotions of people, when they listened to Mrs. Fannie Lou-Hamer, Mrs. Unita Z. Blackwell, and Mrs. Susie Ruffin of the MFDP. The three teenage sisters from Detroit who. sang freedom songs from their hearts: and to hear the testimonies of poor black and white people tell frightening stories of their experiences. People cried, I did, more than once too.... The conference started at 10:it5 a.m. Topics included Welfare, Hoysing, Educa­ tion and in general how to combat the ravages of Poverty....Speakers included Alonzo Brown from Chicago, who spoke on the general problems of the poor people faced with government or people of the power structure. 2.We heard from our own Jesse Allen, Topic was what the future holds if poor people can organize. 3.Lillian Craig from Cleveland spoke on the need for inter-racial and inter-faith organization of the poor..."Go Tell it on the Mountain" was sung by Mrs. Fannie Hamer. She is a member of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Mr. Tucker from Detroit spoke on the ghetto in his city, and how Negroes should fight and demand.... We arrived at the church at 11am Sunday. Worship had beeun and Susie Ruffin of MFDP was soeaking: She also told-of the harrassment of police and members of KKK brutality, and of how her civil rights were violated (nothing new to Negroes). After she was through speaking, Rev. Younger introduced the members of the S.D.S. projects: They were from (Kentucky), Chicago, (Detroit), Boston, .Mass., California, New Jersey, (Mississippi), Pennsylvania and Balitmore: we were given a standing ovation. Then the Rev. Younger preached his sermon, and his text was called "Dominion" and explained that this word Dominion broken down tonthe lay-man language meant God's Given Power. He closed his sermon by saying that all of this God given power did not mean for man to abuse its use and use it for his own evil and sinister goal for greed and graft. But instead, to those who possess that oower to lead his people righteously, loving aU men as brothers, Black, White, Yellow, Red, Brown, to organize the poor, rich, educated, depressed to come together. We are all God's children. The congregation then joined hands and sang We Shall Overcome. The church service then came to a close with the singing of the hymn "Who is on the Lord's side?" ...The last two speakers wounded up the conference by saying: Quote: Mrs. Susie Ruffin: Let's organize more Freedom Party movements and not Freedom Clubs unquote. And Mrs. Unita Blackwell asked us not to fe^l sorry for the people in Mississippi, but instead, she urges us Negroes and poor whites in the North to organize and unify ourselves in dominion and make America truly "The land of the free and the home of the brave for every man." PROCLAIM LIBERT! THROUGHOUT ALL THE LAND', UNTO ALL THE INHABITANTS THEREOF. . Trip home There is no end: By now it was 3:20 pm. The big bus tolled up to the curb. Everyone were shaking hands, kissing, and saying a, fond farewell,, a tear or two running, down the cheeks, black men and black women, white men and white women togehher, and,now, we were leaving, going back to the many cities and states to tell what had taken place at the convention. And so, we boarded the bus in a down pour of blinding snow, and whipping cold wind. ' And as the bus slowly pulled away, I said to myself, Thank you God, We shall overcome. (This article by Harry Essannason, appeared in the March 11, 1965 issue of the ERAP newsletter. The conference described took place—I think—back in February. The people who took part in it—about 200—came from the SDS-ERAP projects all over the country.) # * if # SHORT LIST OF COMMUNITT ORGANIZATIONS p. 1 July 6, 1965

ALABAMA KENTUCKY 1."Frederick Douglass Free Press" 1."Voice for Jobs and Justice" (published) (published by) SNCC Appalachian Committee for Full Employment' 3l| Franklin St. 501 High Street Selma, Ala. Hazard, Ky. - . 2.Lowndes Co. Christian Movement MARYLAND c/o 3l| Franklin St. i l.u-jeiN Selma, Ala. 1718 E. Baltimore Baltimore, Md. 3.Sumter Co. Movement for Human Rights c/o Box 399 2.Cambridge Nonviolent Action Committee York, Ala. 622 Pine Street Cambridge, Md. U-Wilcox Co. Civic League c/o Eric Jones 3.ERAP • ' General Delivery h09 Pine Street Boykin, Ala. Cambridgej Md. CALIFORNIA MASSACHUSETTS l.Los Angeles Freedom School Project l.BAG (Boston Action Group) c/o Kitty Kelly . 38U Blue Hill Avenue 1817 E. 110 St. Roxbury, Boston, Mass. Los Angeles, Calif. 2.Dudley St. Action Center 2.Freedom House u5l Dudley St. 1258 Filmore St. Roxbury, Boston, Mass. San Francisco, Calif. MICHIGAN 3."The Movement" 1.Adult Community Movement for Equality 1316 Masonic Ave. 9211 Kircheval San Francisco, Calif. Detroit, Mich.

CONNECTICUT 2 .Freedom Now Party l.NSCAP (North End Community Action Proj ) 5028 Joy St. 2516 North Main Street Detroit, Mich. • Hartford, Conn. MISSISSIPPI 2.ERAP (Economic Research and Action 1."MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM DEMOCRATIC PARTT Proj.) c/o Carl Johnson NEWSLETTER" 17 Daggett 507 N. Parish St. New Haven, Conn. Jackson, Miss.

GEORGIA 2.Mississippi Freedom Labor Union 1.Committee on Political Action Box 5U7 Box 102U Shaw, Miss. Albany, Ga.

2.Crisp Co. Movement 3«Benton Co. Freedom Train" (published by 605—lUth Ave. West Benton Co. Citizens Club Cordele, Georgia c/o Henry Reaves Rt. 2, Box 126 3.Moultrie Movement Holly Springs, Miss. c/o Molly's Beauty Shop Moultrie, Ga. h.Forrest Co. FDP U21 E. 6 St. ILLINOIS Hattiosburg, Miss. l.Freedom Democratic Glut) 2 3D J Poplar St. 5.Jackson Co. FDP -Cairo, 111. 100$ Barnett St.- Moss Point, Miss. - 2.Chicago Freedom Center U212 South Cottage Grove 6,Panola Co. Voters League Chicago, 111. c.o Mr. Robert Miles Box 65U . Batesville, Miss. 3.Freedom Democratic Clubs ' : 28 E. Jackson 7.Pike Co. FDP Chicago, 111. 20l* DeSoto St. • U.JOIN (Jobs or Income Now) McComb, Miss,. 1100 W. Ainslie Chicago, 111. 8."Vicksburg Citizens Apoeal" Box 1123 Vicksburg, Miss.

(over) • SHORT LIST OF COWUNIlY QftOUBS—p. 2 July 6, 1965

NSW JERSEY l.ERAP VIRGINIA c/o Carl Wittman 1. Mr. Moses Riddick 123 Adams St. 2333 Norfolk Rd. Hoboken, N.J. Suffolk, Virginia

2.Community Action Project 2.Virginia Students Civil Rights 169 Neilson St. Committee New Brunswick, N.J. Box 292 Blackstone, Va. 3.Newark Community Union Project (N-CUP) h71 Clinton Ave. Newark, N.J. (additions) NEW YORK GEORGIA 1 .FIGHT (Freedom, Integration, God, 1.Albany Movement Honor—Today) 532 Mercer Ave. 86 Prospect St. Albany, Ga. Rochester, N.Y. 2.Sumter Co. Movement 2.Freedom Democratic Movement c/o Barnum's Funeral Home 1088 Fulton St. Americus, Ga. Brooklyn, N.Y. 3.Terrell Co. Movement 3."GRASSROOTS—The Voice of East Harlem" c/o Mrs. Carolyn Daniels 9k E. Ill St. 601 Fisst St. New York City 10029 Dawson, Ga.

[(..East Harlem Tenants Council U.Ocilla Movement 155 E. 123 St. c/o Mr. Ernest Davis New York City 600 E. 6 St. Ocilla, Ga. 5.Harlem Parents Committee Ul5 w. 126 St. 5.Worth County Improvement League New York City Rt. 1. Box 105 Poulan, Ga. OHIO 1.Citizens United for Adequate Welfare ILLINOIS 2908 Jay Avenue Back of the Yards Council Cleveland, Ohio U600 S. Ashland Ave. Chicago, 111. PENNSYLVANIA l.New Independent Committee for Jobs, Housing, and Schools U25 W. 3 St. Chester, Penn.

2.Philadelphia Tutorial Project 31 Wiatt Hall 1830 North Park Ave. Philadelphia, Penn.

SOUTH CAROLINA I.Charleston Citizens Committee I 2hh Spring St. Charleston, S.C.

TENNESSEE 1. Haywood County Welfare League c/o ndell Saunders 307 IAI. Margin St. Brownsville, Tenn.

2.East Tennessee Voters League c/o Frank Gordon - Netherland Drive Knoxville, Tenn.

3.West Tennessee Voters Project Box 277 Somerville, Tenn.

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OUTHHRN COOR DTNATING COMMITTEE TO EN D THE WAR IN V1ET1IAM JAN. tl^Tl^S &,

The So ut h e r n Co o r dinating Co mmittee to End the Wa r in

Vie tnam b e lie v e s that J ulian B o nd, i n e ndo rs ing SNCC p o sit io n

on Vie tnam, h as acted w ith cour ag e , insight, and integrity. Th© issu e

o f the c ivil r ights st ruggle at ho me are inextricabley b ound with the issue

o f pea ce and freedom atoro ad » T he 136th dis trict ha s been denied its right

to rep reservation i n the business o f the legisla ture because Its elected

r e p re s entative dared to dissent . T he civil libertie s for which our governmt ment cla ims to be fighting in Vie tnam are entirely meaningless a t ho me until

Jul ia n B o nd is s ea te d » T he right to vo te, now being won at such great II.

c ost by N egro Americans i s meaningl ess if the representatives which they elect

are no t allowed to pa rticipatein the p rocesses of gove rnment. T he right to

f ree sp eech is meaningless If tho se who use it a re subje cted to unjust p er<*»

secutio n, T he Georgia sta te legislature * s action, in refusing t o

sea t Jul ia n B on d , has denie d him and hi s constituents of all of these

Bights

T he Southern Coordina ting Committee to End the War in V ie tnam supports;

an d s alutes Julia n B o nd in this contro versy* We will support Mir. B o nd

and SN CC w ith all of the sources at our command in their attemp ts to correct

this injustice »

Drain Wilder

for the steering committee

SV C C Box JIQ$ At la nta, Ga. 30302! News Release Civic Lead»rs of Southside Community

For Release Friday afternoon, January 13, 1966 CY WE THE UNDERSIGNED civic leaders of the Southside Community of the city of Atlanta, Fulton County, and the State of Georgia, do hereby endorse the undersigned resolution:

Whereas, on January 10, 1966, the duly elected representative of the 136th District w/ts deprived of the right to be sworn in in the Georgia Legislature for exercising his Constitutional Right of freedom of speech which is guaran­ teed him in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. We feel that Rep­ resentative-elect Julian Bond should have been sworn in with the other 73 new members. We feel that the governor of the State of Georgia should use all the influence of his office to obtain the adjournment of the current session until the people have full representation of their choice, from their district.

We further resolve that all elected representatives of Fulton County -who voted against the voters' decision of the 136th District, deprives them of their choice of representation in the Georgia Legislature.

We further resolve that we, the voters of Fulton County will take a keen look at all Fulton County Representatives -who deprived the people of the 136th District of their choice of representation. We further resolve we are pre­ pared for the coming September 1966 elections. We feel that the representative who was elected to represent all of the Fulton County districts, who voted against seating Julian Bond, did a disservice to the voters of the 136th District as well as the people of all the districts in Georgia.

Signed:

Benny T. Smith, Pres. Leuise Whatley Metropolitan Atlanta Civic Oonncll Candidate for City Alderman

William Merrits, Pres. Mary Watkins, Pres. Joyland Civic League Capitol Avenue P-TA

Henry Phipps, Pres. Re, CD. Colbert, Pres. Peopletown Civic League Georgia Avenue-Pryor Street Civic League

.Ajrberry Fields, Pres. Norwood Manor Civic League Sayah Baker Runner-up Candidate, 127th District Mr and Mrs Venos Robinson Citizens of the 129th District Edward M^sdy, Pres. Pryor Street P-TA Marcells Thornton, Jr. Candidate, 'City Executive Committee Robert L. Barnes, Pres. South Atlanta Community High Point Civic League

Deac»n Lewis E. Peters Mechanicsville Civic League MAY LL, 1966 SNCC STAFF CONFERENCE

ASSUMPTIONS MADE BY SNCC

1 We are all equals, no matter our background or training. This generated the problem of people desiring to solve questions thru consensus. During the 1964 Freedom Summer many of the decisions were made by so-called consensus. 2. We were going to cause a eevolution, make basic political and economic changes in the country thru the nonviolent method. 3. We didn't speak about integration. 4. We spoke of the "redeemed society". In 1961 this was the minority position of Bernard Lafayettei Charels Sherrod and others. 5. We would send people into communities to stay and to gain the trust of the local people. 6. SNCC was basically composed of young college students who would work for SNCC aims; whites in the white community and blacks in the black community. 7. People in the communities oould not afford to support us because they were too poor. 7. Demonstrations were in conflict with the white racists who woiid maintain public accommodations. 9. Our work would be done in the Black Belt. We would embarass the country more by throwing up the dregs that were there. The effect would be national and international. 10. Militancy meant no salary. That people would live on sub­ sistence was an assumption. People on the staff should not get more than the people in the community. By limiting the amount of mongr people could earn corruption would be prevented. 11. We learned that direct action and voter registration were one. 12. We would spport black candidates because they would help to motivate people. 13. If we raised money, we would be eorrupted---ahat should be left to other organizations. This thought prevailed until 1964. 14. Sherrof decided in the summer of 1962 that we should have summer projects. The issue of blacks and whites working together was faced and Sherrod decided that whites could be used as a political weapon. They would make visible the terror. For two years there would be no whites in Mississippi because the state was too difficult for them to work. 2.

15. Courtland Cox said that the sit-ins and fntms freedom rides were to break down the barriers whites had established; interpreted nationally this was an attempt to get into that society we were kept out of. 16. We asked the federal government to hand us solutions to the problems in civil rights. Our projection to the press and agencies of the government such as the Justice Department was an attempt at visibility. 17. John Lewis and others talked of "redemptive suffering." Howard University students had contrary ideas about suffering. 18. We qualitatively accepted the government's suggestion that we work in voter registration. Still the motion was to get into the established system. Our recourse was always to publicize our actions and contact the federal government. The March in Washington symbolized everything we had worked for up to that point—integration. The first break in our desire to integrate came when Bob Moses started developing parallel structures in Mississippi. The Mississippi Freedom^Democratlc Party asked the question: was there any room far N groes in the Democratic Party. The answer wass "There is room* for two, but the rest must sit in the balcony." Between 1961 and 1964 we always asked the people who were brutalizing us to make the chages. We never looked to the black community for direction. For example. May 3, f 1966, when elections were taking place in Alabama, some people felt they had to stay in the Atlanta office. This was so they could contact the press. 1964--1965 people tried to be individuals. But they were beginning to realize there is no room for individual black people in the movement. The essential question iss How do we are technicians and organizers develop the black community? 19. Xn 1963, Charles Sherrod felt we had to free men's minds. Courtland Cos agreed with this. 20. Ralph Beatherstone spoke on the underlying assumptions to SNCC work in the South. In the early 60's we felt that Southern politics ruled the country. This was a mistaken assumption. During counter revolution, alter the Civil War, the Southern powers were , in fact, the tools of the Northern industrialists. 21. Southern blacks could be more readily mobilized. 22. Many of the SNCC staff stay because of personal reasons-— heroism, etc. 23. People have to recognize that cities are eessential.

24. Charlie Cobb waids we thought ourselves responsible to the 3. country. It was assumed that if the country was Informed, there would follow certain reforms. Our problem was that the country was ignorant. The problem, we felt, was that the country couldn't sjge 15 black workers in the South. The question became how to increase the visibility of the group of volunteers. Thus people were recruited from Stanford and Yafee. 25. We must build strength in the black community so that it can sustain its own inix legitimacy. (Cobb) 26. John Lewis said that SNCC was born out of the situation in the South. In I960, SNCC had no program; it was simply a temporary committee for communication between protest groups. SNCC must not be involved in rhetoric. There is nothing radical about encouraging people to register to vote. We must create pockets of power, support on the international level because this country doesnH decide to do things because they're right, but because the international climate demand that. For this reason, we have to begin to relate to groups in Africa, Asia, Latin Araerica and Europe. 27. Bob Fletcher. At first, we fought for the right to demonstrate, People got their heads beat and the people saw clearly the same power structure which the ieftest intellectuals had spoken of theoretically. The 1964 summer project went beyond the emotionality of the demonstrations. But even in that gesture, we demonstrated. Out of all the protests, there developed the "individual" thing in which people said: "I'm going tm down South to lay may body on the line." Now, the demonstrations have become legitimized, as in the Selma march, and * are done in an orderly, civilized way, with T.V. cameras, etc. We have become K "certified heroes." There is the question now of other forms of expression, such as riots, but K if we stir up riots, then what do we do after the riots? 28. ataxlay* Monroe. SNCC thinks it knows what work is, but WORK must be defined. We can no longer deal with a half-assed SNCC, with the excess of usaiessmess with funds and people. 28. Stanley. We make the assumption that all people in SNCC are in agreement with our public stances. 29. We assumed that the government will act to accommodate us, by laws, the courts, etc. We have never really lost cinfidence in the government, although we have no historical reason to believe that the government will accommodate us. 30. Also we assumed that we must keep the mass media on our side. Therefore, we projected our image to them more than to the black community. 31. We worked on the assumption that it was not necessary to support the struggles of B.ack Africa—until, perhaps, after our Integration into America. 4.

32. We assumed that it was our responsibility to show morality to America. 33. We assumed that the old "snickers" who have been in it since its inception, by definition, know most about politics, economics, and history, 34. We assumed that when we went into a community, we did not leadership (Camus period). 35. It is false to assume that the Lowndes County Freedom Organization effort is over now and not to look at the possibilities of subversion, violence, etc. 36. We assume that we are in the forefront of the movement. We aren't. Most Northern cities have surpassed us. 37.Marion Barry. We assumed that we should exclude collate students from us, since we were working in the communities. But we have a real n&ed for their technological skills. 38. We assumed falsely that we were the perfect society and that those who had problems "out there" should come in with us and they would be all right. SNCC would solve all problems. 39. We assumed that we, as SNCC, could do no wrong. 40. We also assumed that poor people were good and could do no wrong ("mystique of poor people"). 41/ We assumed that such things as leadership, money, power, etc. were by definition wrong and were things that SNCC people should avoid. 42. We assumed that we could forget history, because we were different. We also felt that what we did had no relation to time. We felt that we could take our time and do what we wanted when we wanted, (e.g. discussion of the "outside workd and SNCC") 43. We assumed that since we* were pure, then that which we organized would be equally good, pure , incorruptible and durable, and that we could let it go to move on its own. Therefore, we lost "ships" by setting them afloat without a captian, or even a crew. 44. Matthew We assume that the movement was started by us in 1960 and forget about the whole history of the freedom struggle in this country. We don't have to go back to Africa to find that heritage. 45. We pretend that we alone are the movement. We have closed ourselves in a haven and the movement has passed us by. 46 Mike Miller. We have made assumjtions about fund-raising whfech were erroneous and have had a bad effect. These were: 5.

a. If people in the North really knew what we were doing, we souldn't be able to raise money, b. There is a fixed amount of money that SNCC can get. 47. Free' Meely, We assume that we ourselves have not been affected by racism, and that certain people do not have skills. 48. We assume that blacks, poor whites and Mexicans will be able to solve this problem alone. 49. We assume that peole who are not field people are escapist and are irrelevant. 50. Stokely. We assumed that we could organize around ideals. such as goodness, justice, etc. 51. We assumed that this country is really a democracy, which just isn't working. We had no concept of now brfcal if could be if we started messing it up. 52. Frank Smith. We assumed that once blacks and whites got to­ gether that everyone would be equal (and comfortable), 53. We say all of the things which have to be done in the community and then we say that the government has to do it. This atti­ tude perpetuates the problem of thknking that the white folks will do things for you and that something is only worthwhile if the white folks do it. Negroes dust do it fro themselves. We must find that stick that frightens the man—and he can't give it to you. 54. We assumed after 1964 that there would be a froce left in Mississippi to hold together all those concepts that we had developed there. (We now see how far the government is willing to go to perpetuate white supremacy and the idea that Negroes HBXB are inferior. 55. Porter. We assumed that we can't fire staff. 56. We assumed that the leaders in the community should come on staff. 57. Boh Smith. We worked under ths assumption that good cofelege students wold come to us. 58. Mitchell Zimmerman. We assum sometimes that since revolutionary change is desirable, that it is possible. We must ask ourselves "can we?" and "how?" g John Lewis. We assumed that we have a monopoly on truth and ?Bat we are sp per se the best organizers. 60, We assumed that the way to operate is through nonviolence. XXX 6.

61. Black people have assumed that they can gain power in any particular county, city, etc. in the country. But this will not change the basic structure of the nation. Profits 1. Intensive semnar in direction of revolutionary ethics this summer to which we sould invite revolutionaries from Africa, La&in America. History of SNCC to be included in seminar. (Mrs. Baker.) 2. That our programs move in direction of independent black political organizing. (Ike) 3. That we develop ways to speak to black communities about "black culture" apecificaly through a KHgx axxxxx magazine or newspaper. 4. That WG set up educational workshops for students being placed on staff (Bob Smitji) 5. Interstaff education workshops (Cieve) 6. Develop new campus-priented program (Cieve) 7. Examine concept of "independent political organizing" (Cieve) 8. Hold writers' conference in Oct. geared to Negro students who work on college newspapers (Forman) 9. Set up project in Texas (Tex) 10. Consider setting up affiliated but independent black student organization with separate budget (hanilett) 11. In-group training in now certain skills are carried out efficiently, e.g. typing, mimeo-ing, etc. (Monroe) 12. That SNCC initiate a program of protest against the selective service system (Shutz) 13. That we ppen projects in areas where the black populations represent less than 507*, (Shutz) 14. That we set up a self-evaluation program (Shutz) 15. That we set up some alternate source of reaearch infromation ao that we're not dependent upon Minnis (Shutz) 16. That SNCC * make it possible for all its violent personnel to set up a violent Liberation Front (Matthew) 17. That we i. Have workshops in the audio-room on tape recording. 2, Have workshops on use of radios in states where they are needed. 3. Make a list of counties or staff where better communication system other than telephone is needed. i: 4. Have a one-week workshop on communication equipment, its Importance and how to operate It. (Sellers) 18. That SNCC accept no more speaking engagements unless they are within the rfegro community h&%% (Wise) 19. That we shoul."' send no news to any publications except the Negro comaunity, i.e. Africa, Latin America and Caribbean 20. That we should have no news conferences except fot the above mentioned groups. 21. We should not report any act of violence ever again to any official governmenal agency, such reports and mechanisms for combatting violence must come from the communities and from ourselves. 22. We must cancel all oontracts that we have with "capitalist" agencies, i.e. insurance, teletype, etc. 23. We should enter no more contracts with the capitalist agenices and concentrate on making contracts with Negroes or just forget it. 24. Before %m consider organising Negro xxissxtcaxKX xas males to evade the draft, I believe that black males in SNCC must take such a position. 25. Projects should invito African groups into their areas. 26. Printing of the Freedom Primers be stopped and that the majority of space in such publications be developed to the revolutionary thought and people before us, such as Pres. Nkrumah, Malcolm X, Patrice Lumumba, Marcus Garvey, Frederick Douglas, and perhaps a few others. 27. We should invite college theatrical groups, spiritual grops, tock and roll groups and jazz into our areas for mass rallies, etc. 28. Our policy on Insurrections such as Watts, Harlem, etc., be "pro" whatever occurs. 29. We must seek never again to involve the "church in our activities outside the Black community, i.e. the Catholic church. 30. Psychologically, mentally, physciaily, we must *r seek to develop ties arid friends among the countries of our heritage- Africa. 31. None of our forthcoming meetings should be without revolu­ tionaries who have engaged physically in revolution, especially those from African countries. end of Stanley's proposals Organizational changes

1. That the role and power of the Coordinating Committee be defined and by-laws mandating the implementation of this power be drawn up (Matthew) 2. That the Coordinating Committees constituency be Southern Negro students and by in the complete control of Negro students and other affiliates of SNCC (Monroe) 3. That the staff should service the wants and needs of the Coordinating Committee (Monroe) 4. That the staff act only in the capacity of advisor to the actions of the Coordinating Committee (Monroe) 5. That 3 organizational secretaries be appointed by chairman whose function would include traveling to projects, coordinating, etc. (Forman) 6. That the Executive Committee be reduced to 10 members fckax ax and that it become the central planning body of the organization. ( Forman ) • 7. That we abandon the Program Department and the Program Chairman (Porter) 8. That the Exec. Gonna, be delegated the responsiblity of developing procedurers for training people in organizing (Mike Miller) 9. That people talk about the possibility of making coraraitraents to projects for certan length of time so that work can be planned realistically (Tex) Finance-Personnel 1. That the staff review the bedget of Jan thru March (Porter) 2. That we focus our fund-raising efforts on Southern communities (Porter), 3. Cut in salaries (Porter) 4. That the African program be broadened to include the exploring of fund rasining or financial support from those eountires we select (Battiste) 5. Increase in staff. Allocation of funds for additional staff to work with farm laborers (Mike Miller) 6. That we approve budget for campus travelers (according to new plan suggested by Porter (Porter) 7. That we put some of our economic experts to working on SNCC expenditures so as to cut down the waste offiunds. (Monroe ) 8. That we cut this year's budget in half (Monroe) 9. That we establish an Economic Program Bureau with personnel who whould work out programs that might be presented to communities to meet their needs (as we have done with political programs) (Jean) 10. That Finance and Personnel Committees be combined (Porter.) 11. That we have a re-evaluation of staff sometime during this staff meeting (Porter) 12. Five additional persons from Miss, be put on staff (McLauren) 13. Recruiting efforts be spent in black communities in North to pull in "black cats" off the block (C rol) i 14. That we set priorities for expenditures so that office staff would not be left that responsibility (Haralett)

C- Campuses 1. That SNCC organise groups on Negro college campuses and that these groups have representation on the Coordinating Committee and all the privileges and resources of regular staff (Porter) 2. That such campus groups be means to organizing communities, recruiting staff, and fund-raising (Porter. 3. That we appoint a 22-member committee to do campus works 2 persons in Virginia, N.C., S»C., Georgia, Flordia, Alabama, Miss., Tenn, Arkasnas; plus a coordinator, assistant coordinator and two secretaries (Porter). 4. Establish fund which would provide college fees for students who want to go back to school after working on SNCC projects during corner. 5. Discussion of work-study program (Porter) 6. That the Education Program come under the Campus Traveler Program (Porter; 7. That campus travelers assigned to a state be based in that state (McRae; 8. That campus travelers see part of their work as finding students who can be encouraged to use their writing skills in developing unication media for black commnities (C. Cobb) 9. Negro colleges receive all SNCC press releases (Pertllla) 10. That SXCC provide for newspaper, to be controlled and operated by students, which would relay information concerning Academic freedom to Negro colleges.

International Relations. 1. Bureau of International Affairs (John Lewis) 2. That we form real lines of with Latin American nationals, exchange our experience on community organzing for theirs in guerilla tactics, workshop in Mexico with Latin leaders (Mary Vercla)

Offices 1. That we abandon all northern office a (Porter) 2. That SNCC support a central office for project (McLauren) 3. That the Selma office be closed, and the Alabama office relocated for a more equal distribution of funds and resources among Alabana projects (John Tircuit) 4. That the function of norther offices be revised to accommodate new direction in SNCC (Lyn W^lls)

Miscellaneous Proposals 1. Drop "nonviolent" from name of organization (Ike) 2. That we appoint a committee on meetings and conferences (Porter) 136th District News ![°io^ IIEZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ I^E^Z1-!^ I first want to thank all of you for your help and support through the primary on September lUth,

I am sorry that it has taken us so long to get this NEWSLETTER and my thanks to you, and I hope each of you will understand,

###

I also want to ask each of you to work as hard - or harder - until the general election on Norenber 8th,

We are worried that a lot of people in the 136th District who don't. L'.ke Lester Maddox or HBon Calloway just won't vote on that day. It is very Important that everybody gets out to vote, because there are other people running beside these two men.

So be sure, first of all, that each one of you will vote on November 8th, and secondly, that you make sure your friends and neighbors vote on that day too.

MMM WWW We are re-opening our campaign office which was closed down after the primary be­ cause we were so short of money. It will be at the same places CAMPAIGN HEADQUARTERS 783r K'jsnter Street, NW Atlanta, Georgia and we are having the telephone put back in too,

### On Wednesday, October 6th, I met with a group of students and parents from Baker County, Georgia. Shortly after I was elected last summer - 196$ - I spoke at a Negro church there in Newton, and met many of the residents. They are worried because the Negro students who are going to white schools are having a hard time.

They are beaten, cursed, spit on and called names and one was even threatened with a pistol by a white student.

There is a new Negro newspaper in Atlanta that I think will soon be a great news-, paper. It is the ATLANTA VOICE, 113 Arcadia Circle, NW, I have been doing seme work for this paper and hope it will give people like you and me a real community voice to speak through. If you want a subscription, call 7$8 - 7U78.

### A group of home-owners in the Sunset Avenue - Chestnut Street section west of Vine City has been meeting to decide on action about two new schools that will be built in their neighborhood. The city wants to take their homesj they want to city to put the schools in Vine City so some of the slum housing can be removed. Page 2

I have been in touch with School Board members Dr, H. E. Tate and Q. V. Williamson and School Superintendent John Letson.

On last Monday night, the school board approved two sites for the two schools, but now people in the neighborhood say they will file a suit against the city.

##

TOE ATLANTA CONSTITl OWN, Tbt»w«iar. Octolw.«, 1966 Bond Refuses lo Support Maddox; Says Ills Prui'ciph's Top Oath

Democrat M\rM Bond, state representative-fleet and nffffl nee, said Wednesday he wi iiidn't support Democratic guberna­ torial nominee Lester Maddox "if he was falling off a log." * "it's ridiculous for anyone to think I'd support Lester Mad- tiny." Bond replied when asked if he wo= :':|!'y pied>:e to supwrf- a Si feSow candidates. He also said bfi isn't supporting Republican nominee Howard (Bos Callaway. i place my prinsjWes higher than a pledge of loyalty to the Democratic party . . and. finally, he iMaddox) is not supporting me. if i! (the loyalty pledge) applies to me, it ap­ plies So him . . btrt 1 ftSUlda'l supiwi i M.'uidox ill ho was falling off * lug "

m So there will be no mistake in anyone's mind about the way I feel about Lester Maddox and "Bo" Calloway, I am enclosing an article from the Atlanta Constitution.

I hope each of ycu can make it your responsibility to see that everyone votes on November 8th, and that they don't forget tc v*ote for - JULIAN BOND.

Julian Bond —— ^ JULIAN BOND 823 DRUMMOND STREET, S.W. ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30314

February, 1967

Dear Friends,

Twice denied by the Georgia Legislature, my right to represent the people who elected me was recently upheld by a unanimous Supreme Court decision.

Now, for the first time since Reconstruction (nearly 100 years) the Negro majority in Sunflower, Mississippi, has a chance to elect a representative local government.

Almost a year ago, a federal court set aside Sunflower's municipal elections on the ground that the majority had been systematically denied the right to vote. Mississippi appealed this decision but lost. The last legal barrier has been hurdled, and new elections anticipated for the spring of this year have been ordered for Sunflower.

An electoral victory in Sunflower will have inspirational and organizational impact on the 1967 county elections throughout Mississippi and the entire South, especially where Negroes constitute the voting age majority. Such a victory will also strike a staggering blow to that arch representative of racist power, Senator James 0. Eastland, who runs a 5»800-acre plantation in Sunflower County.

The people of Sunflower have demonstrated their determination to register and to vote. To win their battle against fear and economic and physical intimidation, they need your help.

Funds will be needed to conduct voter-education workshops and registration drives. Technical assistance must be provided for prospective candidates. Most of all, local organizers must be supported so that they can work freely until the election is held. Support will also be needed for those who may be denied welfare assistance because they attempt to vote. At least $10,000 will be needed.

National civic and political support must be mobilized to guarantee free elections in Sunflower. Community and organizational leaders must urge their congressmen to use their full powers l) to assure the assignment of federal registrars, examiners and official election observers to Sunflower, and 2) to demand that welfare, Office of Economic Opportunity and other federally funded services not be used by the Eastland racist forces t£ coerce Sunflower voters.

Your full support is needed at once. Please contribute as much as you can to the SUNFLOWER FUND and indicate on the enclosed card what else you will do. A real change is possible—but only if you help.

Sincerely,

JULIAN BOND ««*«** }# 1^

WE ARE, AS A GROUP OF PEOPLE IN THIS NATION, SEVERAL

THINGS. WE ARE POOR; WE ARE UNEMPLOYED AND UNDEREMPLOYED. WE

ARE POORLY EDUCATED. WE ARE POWERLESS. AND WE ARE BLACK.

WE ARE ALL OF THE OTHER THINGS BECAUSE OF THE LAST TWO,

BECAUSE OF OUR POWERLESSNESS AND OUR COLOR.

WE HAVE HEARD OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS A GREAT MANY CALLS

FOR US TO UNITE AROUND THOSE TWO FACTORS, AND MOST OF US HAVE

REFUSED TO DO SO.

WE HAVE BELIEVED, LIKE MOST AMERICANS, THAT POWER IS

EVIL AND CORRUPTING, AND WE HAVE BELIEVED, LIKE MOST AMERICANS,

THAT ASSOCIATIONS BASED ON RACE ARE EVIL ALSO.

SO INSTEAD, WE HAVE TURNED TOWARD DISCUSSION, TOWARD

HOLDING CONFERENCES. AND AFTER THAT IS COMPLETED, IT APPEARS

THAT WE HAVE NOT YET LEARNED THE LESSON, THE LESSON OF HISTORY,

1. THE LESSON THAT OUGHT TO SUGGEST ONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM WE

FIND OURSELVES IN.

THE REASON IS PARTLY, I BELIEVE, BECAUSE WE DIDN'T DO OUR

READING WELL ENOUGH, OR DIDN'T ABSORB WHAT WE READ. FOR IF WE HAD,

WE WOULD HAVE READ THE FOLLOWING:

FROM CHE GUEVERA: "THE STREETS OF HARLEM ARE NOT THE

MOUNTAINS OF THE SIERRA MASTRE"

FROM FRANZ FANON: "THERE IS NO NATIVE WHO DOES NOT DREAM

AT LEAST ONCE A DAY OF SETTLING HIMSELF UP IN THE SETTLER'S PLACE"

FROM STOKELEY CARMICHAEL: "VIOLENT WARFARE MAY BE

UNAVOIDABLE...BUT IF THERE IS THE SLIGHTEST CHANCE TO AVOID IT,

THE POLITICS OF BLACK POWER...IS SEEN AS THE ONLY VIABLE HOPE'

AND FROM RAP BROWN: "THERE ARE A LOT OF PEOPLE WITH

NATURAL HAIR AND PROCESSED MINDS".

THIS SUGGESTS, TO ME AT LEAST, THAT REVOLUTION IS NOT

® IMMINENT. IT SUGGESTS THAT THOSE WHO BELIEVE THAT IT IS ARE AS

WRONG AS WAS THE GIA WHEN THEY PREDICTED THE CUBAN MASSES WOULD

RISE UP TO DRIVE CASTRO FROM CUBA.

IT SUGGESTS TO ME THAT LACKING THE IMMEDIATE PROSPECTS

FOR REVOLUTION, IMMEDIATE ATTENTION OUGHT TO BE DIRECTED TO THE

PROBLEMS THAT ALL OF US KNOW RUN EPIDEMIC THROUGH THE BLACK AND

POOR COMMUNITIES.

IT SUGGESTS TO ME THAT A LOT OF US WOULD RATHER READ

THAN ACT, WOULD RATHER NATURALIZE OUR HAIR THAN OUR MINDS, AND

WOULD RATHER APPLAUD SPEAKERS THAN SPEAK OR ACT THEMSELVES.

THERE WERE POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS OCCURING IN THE TWO

CAROLINAS THAT OUGHT TO HAVE CAUGHT THE IMAGINATION AND ACTIVITY

AS THE CAMPAIGNS OF EUGENE MCCARTHY AND ROBERT

KENNEDY CAUGHT THE IMAGINATION OF YOUNG WHITES.

3. IN ONE OF THESE, A BLACK DENTIST WAS DEFEATED IN A

RACE FOR THE GOVERNOR'S SEAT IN NORTH CAROLINA...IF THERE IS ANYONE

HERE WHO THINKS IT MAKES NO DIFFERENCE WHAT SORT OF GOVERNOR YOU

HAVE, LET HIM COME TO GEORGIA WITH ME AND I WILL SHOW HIM A

DIFFERENCE.

THERE WAS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, A YOUNG BLACK

LAWYER RUNNING AGAINST REPRESENTATIVE MENDLE RIVERS FOR A SEAT IN

THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

IF THERE IS ANYONE HERE WHO THINKS IT MAKES NO DIFFERENCE

WHETHER OR NOT MENDLE RIVERS SITS IN CONGRESS OR NOT, THEN LET HIM

CONSIDER WHO THE BIGGEST RACISTS IN CONGRESS ARE: MENDLE RIVERS*

NAME IS NEAR THE TOP. IF THOSE ISSUES ARE NOT IMPORTANT, AND THE

MEN WHO MANIPULATE THEM ARE NOT IMPORTANT, THEN NOTHING IS IMPORTANT,

CHARLES EVERS RAN FOR A CONGRESSIONAL SEAT IN MISSISSIPPI

4. AND BLACK PEOPLE THERE, MILITANT AND CONSERVATIVE, CAME TOGETHER

TO HELP HIS CAMPAIGN. BUT NONE CAME FROM OUTSIDE THE STATE, THERE

WAS NO OUTPOURING OF STUDENTS TO CAMPAIGN OR CASH TO PAY THE BILLS

IN THE INDIANA CAMPAIGN, MCCARTHY AND KENNEDY HAD THOU­

SANDS OF YOUNG PEOPLE WORKING FOR THEM BECAUSE THOSE YOUNG PEOPLE

BELIEVE IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE.

\0->r^/ THERE^St BE CAMPAIGNS IN BROOKLYN FOR CONGRESS WHERE

A BLACK MAN WILL WIN...IN ST. LOUIS FOR CONGRESS WHERE A BLACK MAN

WILL WIN...IN CLEVELAND FOR CONGRESS WHERE A BLACK MAN WILL WIN

WILL LEAVE SCHOOLYIO HELP?

IN 1964, YOUNG BLACK AND WHITE STUDENTS GATHERED IN

MISSISSIPPI BY THE THOUSANDS. WHERE ARE SBJNOW?

IN 1962, THERE WAS A GROUP CALLED THE NORTHERN STUDENT

MOVEMENT, WHICH PUT THOUSANDS OF YOUNGSTERS INTO TUTORIAL PROGRAMS

BEGAN GRASS ROOTS ORGANIZING PROGRAMS IN THE GHETTOS OF THE BIG

c:

5. CITIES

WHERE ARE

SOME OF^p-ARE INTERESTED IN UNIVERSITY REFORM, IN

BLACK HISTORY ON YOUR CAMPUSES, IN MAKING THE UNIVERSITY RE­

SPONSIBLE TO THE COMMUNITY.

FIRST, HOWEVER, THE UNIVERSITY'S IMMEDIATE CONSTI­

TUENTS, THE STUDENTS, MUST BECOME RESPONSIVE TO THE COMMUNITY.

OUR CONDITION AS A PEOPLE HAS GOTTEN PROGRESSIVELY

WORSE, AND THE YOUNG, THOSE BEST EQUIPPED THROUGH TRAINING AND

ENERGY TO HELP SOLVE THAT CONDITION, HAVE INCREASINGLY REMOVED

THEMSELVES FROM THE COMMUNITY.

SOUTHERN BLACK PEOPLE CAN NOW EAT AT INTEGRATED LUNCH

COUNTERS, TAKE AN INTEGRATED BUS RIDE NORTH, ARRIVE IN A CITY

WITH A FAIR HOUSING ORDINANCE AND AN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT LAW, AND

DISCOVER THEY HAVE NO JOBS. THE MACHINES THAT DROVE S9PW OFF THE FARMS HAVE BEAT FIW TO THE CITY. WHEREVER WE ARE CONCEN­ TRATED, THE TRUE RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT RANGES FROM TWENTY TO

6. FIFTY PERCENT,

IN THE RURAL SOUTH, THE LUCKY ONES BARELY SUBSIST ON

FEDERAL COMMODITIES... THE OTHERS STARVE. WELFARE IS A RELIEF

TO PEOPLE IN THAT CONDITION, BUT PRESENT WELFARE REGULATIONS

STRANGLE OUR FAMILIES AND CAUSE THEIR DISRUPTION,

WE HAVE PROGRESSED FROM SLAVE LABOR TO CHEAP LABOR

TO NO LABOR AT ALL,

NOW THE NATION PROPOSES NEW PROGRAMS TO DEAL WITH

ITS URBAN PROBLEM, IN REALITY ITS BLACK PROBLEM, WHICH IS IN

REALITY A MIRROR OF ITS WHITE PROBLEMS.

THE JOHNSON ADMINISTRATION, FOR EXAMPLE,

HAS PLANS TO SUBSIDIZE BUSINESS TO HIRE AND TRAIN SOME 500,000

MEN AND WOMEN BY 1971. THAT 500,000 AVERAGES OUT TO ABOUT 3,500

7. FOR EACH OF FIFTY TARGET CITIES. THE QUOTA FOR WASHINGTON, D.C.

IS 2,000 NEW JOBS... ESTIMATES.'OF THE NEED IN WASHINGTON REACH.

AS HIGH AS 15,000. M O-o <+>

IT HIRES THEM AND DOESN'T NEED A GOVERNMENT SUBSIDY TO DO SO.

THE PROBLEMS OF THE POOR, BLACK AND WHITE, ARE AGGRAVATED

BY THEIR LACK OF ORGANIZATION. ORGANIZED LABOR ORGANIZED THE

WORKING CLASSES, AND THE ORGANIZED WORKING PEOPLE OF THIS COUNTRY

HAVE RISEN TO COMFORTABLE AFFLUENCE, HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GUARD

PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO HELP THEM, AND ARE NOW ABLE TO HELP DEFEAT

PROPOSALS DESIGNED TO BRING THE POOR CLOSER TO THE GREAT SOCIETY.

THE POOR WHO HAVE NO POLITICAL POWER ARE ALWAYS LEFT BEHIND.

WORKERS WITH NO BARGAINING POWER, LIKE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, STILL

RECEIVE THE SHORT END OF THE STICK.

THE UNORGANIZED ARE VICTIMIZED BY PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO

8. BENEFIT THEM. IN 1935, PUBLIC WELFARE PROGRAMS WERE ENACTED WHICH

PROMISED AN ADEQUATE INCOME FOR EVERYONE. IN 1968, MORE THAN 30

YEARS LATER, THE AVERAGE FAMILY OF FOUR RECEIVING ADC GETS ONLY

$1,800 A YEAR. THE PUBLIC HOUSING ACT OF 1937 PROMISED DECENT

HOUSING FOR THE POOR; TODAY THERE ARE STILL TEN MILLION SUB­

STANDARD HOUSING UNITS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE COUNTRY HAS

BUILT ONLY 600,000 UNITS OF PUBLIC HOUSING.

OTHER PROGRAMS INTENDED TO HELP EVERYONE HAVE BEEN

TURNED AGAINST THE POOR. FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES HAVE

BUILT UP LARGE FARMS AND MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO RUN SMALL ONES.

THE HOUSING ACT OF 1949, INSTEAD OF ESTABLISHING THE RIGHT OF

EVERY AMERICAN TO A DECENT HOME, HAS IN THE NAME OF URBAN

RENEWAL,DESTROYED 350,000 LOW RENTAL HOMES. IN FACT, FEDERAL

PROGRAMS... EITHER URBAN RENEWAL, HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND OTHER

PUBLIC WORKS...HAVE DESTROYED MORE LOW RENT HOUSING THAN HAS

9. BEEN BUILT SINCE PUBLIC HOUSING WAS FIRST INITIATED.

THE VERY PROGRAMS THAT THE POOR HAVE GOTTEN FOR THEM­

SELVES HAVE PARALYZED THEM AND INHIBITED THEIR CAPACITY FOR

ACTION. WHAT WELFARE RECIPIENT IN CHICAGO DARES VOTE AGAINST

THE DALEY MACHINE? WHAT MISSISSIPPI SHARECROPPER WHO EXISTS ON

COMMODITIES DOLED OUT BY HIS COUNTY'S COMMISSIONERS WOULD DARE

ORGANIZE AGAINST SENATOR EASTLAND?

HOW THEN CAN THE POOR, PARTICULARLY THE BLACK POOR,

BEGIN TO FORCE THEIR WAY INTO POSITIONS OF POWER?

OF COURSE, OUR GROWING NUMBERS IN THE CENTER OF LARGE

AMERICAN CITIES POINTS ONE WAY FOR US. WE ARE APPROACHING THE POINT

AT WHICH IN A MATTER OF TEN YEARS, WE SHALL BE IN CONTROL OF

ATLANTA, GEORGIA; RICHMOND, VIRGINIA; JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA;

GARY, INDIANA; BALTIMORE, MARYLAND; ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI;

NEWARK, DETROIT, AND TRENTON.

THAT CONTROL WILL BE BENEFICIAL FOR US ONLY IF TWO

10. IMPORTANT FACTORS ARE IN CONTROL WHEN THAT POINT IN TIME

FOR OUR TAKE OVER APPEARS.

FIRST, WE MUST HAVE BECOME MORE UNIFIED THAN WE ARE

TODAY. WE MUST HAVE UNITY BETWEEN THOSE WITH Ph.D.S AND THOSE

WITH NO DEGREES; BETWEEN THOSE WHO'VE WALKED IN HARVARD YARD

AND THOSE WHO WALKED OUT OF THEIR HIGH SCHOOL PLAY YARD.

ONCE IN POWER, WE CAN BEGIN TO DEMAND..AND GET...THE

SORTS OF THINGS WE NEED. WITH A BLACK MAYOR IN NEWARK, THE

BUILDING TRADES WILL HAVE TO ADMIT BLACKS OR STOP BUILDING.

WITH A BLACK CITY MANAGER IN RICHMOND, EMPLOYERS WHO WANT CITY

CONTRACTS WILL HAVE TO HIRE BLACK PEOPLE.

HOWEVER, BLACK PEOPLE ARE BEGINNING TO CONTROL CITIES

AT A TIME WHEN CITIES ARE BEGINNING NOT TOlOBJECTS OF DESIRE, AT

A TIME WHEN EVERY AMERICAN CITY, IN ADDITION TO RACIAL TROUBLES,

HAS TROUBLES OF EVERY OTHER KIND. METROPOLITAN AND CITY-COUNTY

11. GOVERNMENTS ARE COMING IN VOGUE, AND THESE WILL TAKE OVER

POWER AS BLACKS TAKE OVER THE CITIES.

THE BLACK MIDDLE CLASS WILL BE ABSORBED INTO WHITE CORP­

ORATE AGENCIES AND PERHAPS EVEN INTO THE SUBURBS, AS THE BLACK

POOR CONTINUE TO SWELL AND MULTIPLY IN THE CENTER CITY.

WHAT THEN ARE THE PROSPECTS FOR THE POOR, HUDDLED TOGETHER

IN THE SLUMS OF OUR BIG CITIES?

IT CAN ONLY BE TO BEGIN NOW TO SEIZE CONTROL. BLACK / 6-vvO yw>> 1«LA -*-y

PEOPLE MUST ACCELERATEITHE RATE AT WHICH THE IRISH AND ITALIANS

AND HUNGARIANS AND OTHER GROUPS CAME TO THESE SHORES AND TOOK

POWER FROM THE URBAN MACHINE.

BLACK PEOPLE MUST BEGIN TO CARE ABOUT EACH OTHER, AND IN

CARING, BEGIN TO GET OURSELVES TOGETHER, TO GET RICH AND POOR AND

OLD AND YOUNG TOGETHER SO THAT WE MAY BEGIN TO ENJOY SOME OF THE

FRUITS OF THE AMERICAN DREAM.

12. FOR US IT HAS BEEN A NIGHTMARE. WE MUST BEGIN

TO WAKE UP. WE MUST BEGIN TO DEMAND, SYSTEMATICALLY, IN AN

ORGANIZED WAY, THE POWER TO DO WHAT WE WANT AND NEED DONE.

WE MUST BEGIN NOW, AND WE MUST NOT STOP, OUR ATTEMPT TO

WIN THE RIGHT TO BE MEN AND WOMEN IN THIS TIME AT THIS PLACE...

WE WANT IT ALL, WE WANT IT NOW.

WE MUST HAVE IT...AND ONCE HAVING ACHIEVED IT, ONE

CAN NEVER LET IT GO.

WE WILL BE A FREE PEOPLE OR WE MUST KNOW THE REASON

WHY. SOMEONE MUST PAY IF WE FAIL...WE HAVE PAID FOR FOUR

HUNDRED YEARS OF PROSPERITY FOR MUCH OF AMERICA...DUES ARE

OWED US, AND WE DEMAND PAYMENT IN FULL.

THAT DEMAND CAN ONLY BE MADE IN AN ORGANIZED WAY,

IT CAN ONLY BE MADE BY ORGANIZED PEOPLE. BLACK PEOPLE WILL

NEVER BE AN ORGANIZED GROUP OF PEOPLE UNTILWWE ORGANIZE OUR-

13. SELVES, UNTIL WE GET OFF THE CAMPUS AND INTO THE STREETS:

OUT OF OUR MIDDLE CLASS, MIDDLE BROW LIVES AND INTO THE LIVES

OF THE MASSES OF PEOPLE FOR WHOM WE CLAIM TO SPEAK.

IF A NEW SORT OF MOVEMENT, A BLACK MOVEMENT SPRINGS

FROM THE ACTIVE PROTESTS AND ORGANIZING DRIVES OF THE EARLY

SIXTIES, IT MUST BE FIRST OF ALL (small "d") DEMOCRATIC.

IT MUST EXTEND TO EVERY MEMBER OF THE NEGRO COMMUNITY THE

OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE A SAY IN WHO GETS WHAT FROM WHOM. IT

MUST CAST ITS VOTES IN A UNIT, IT MUST DEAL WITH PROBLEMS ON

A LOCAL, REGIONAL, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL BASIS, AND IT

MUST DECIDE THAT FREEDOMS NOT ENJOYED IN WATTS OR SUNFLOWER

COUNTY CANNOT BE ENJOYED IN WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

IT MUST DECLARE ITSELF IN THE INTERESTS OF LABORING

PEOPLE, BUT NOT BECOME THE MISTRESS OF ORGANIZED LABOR.

IT MUST PAY AS MUCH ATTENTION TO A STREET LIGHT IN

A FIFTY FOOT ALLEY AS IT DOES TO NATIONAL LEGISLATION INVOLVING

MILLIONS OF PEOPLE, AND INTERNATIONAL COMPLICATIONS INVOLVING

THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD,

/* " IT MUST MAINTAIN A MILITANCE AND AN AGGRESSIVENESS

THAT WILL EARN IT THE RESPECT OF THOSE IT CHALLENGES.

IF THERE ARE ANY RULES PECULIAR TO A NEW MOVEMENT,

THEY ARE THESE:

1. THAT SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, EDUCATIONAL, POLITICAL AND

PHYSICAL SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION FILL A VERY REAL NEED

FOR THE WHITE MAJORITY:

2. THAT APPEALS TO JUSTICE AND FAIR PLAY ARE OUTMODED

AND USELESS WHEN POWER, FINANCIAL GAIN AND PRESTIGE ARE AT STAKE:

3. THAT POSITIONS OF SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION WILL

BE ADHERED TO UNTIL CHANGE IS FORCED THROUGH COERCION, THREATS,

POWER OR VIOLENCE:

4. THAT INITIATIVE FOR BLACK POLITICAL EDUCATION AND

ORGANIZATION MUST COME FROM WITHIN THE NEGRO COMMUNITY AND

MUST BE SUSTAINED ON A DAY-BY-DAY BASIS:

15. 5. THAT THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NEGROES MAKES

NEGRO-WHITE COALITIONS DESIRABLE, BUT ONLY WHEN BASED ON RACIAL

SELF-INTEREST AND GENUINE EQUALITY BETWEEN THE COALESCING GROUPS;

BUT

6. THAT RACIAL SELF-INTEREST, RACE CONSCIOUSNESS AND

RACIAL SOLIDARITY MUST ALWAYS BE PARAMOUNT IN THE DEEDS AND

WORDS OF THE BLACK POLITICAL ANIMAL; WHEN SELF-INTEREST IS FOR­

GOTTEN, ORGANIZED RACISM WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE AND FRUSTRATE

THE BEST ORGANIZED POLITICAL ACTIONS OF ANY GROUP OF BLACK

PEOPLE, AND WILL LEAVE THEM POWERLESS AND DEFENSELESS.

THIS BLACK MOVEMENT MUST ADDRESS ITSELF TO SOLVING

AMERICA'S WHITE PROBLEM, TO DEVELOPING A NEW SOPHISTICATION

AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE BLACK AND WHITE COMMUNITIES, AND IN

MAKING DEMOCRACY SAFE FOR THE WORLD.

PEACEFUL PROTESTS...AND THE BLOODIED HEADS OF ANON-

16. YMOUS THOUSANDS..HAVE WON THE LUNCH COUNTER SEAT, THE BUS

STATION BENCH, THE INTEGRATED TOILET AND THE VOTE. THE VOTE AND

CONCENTRATED, UNITED POLITICAL ACTION CAN BE A TOOL FOR FURTHER,

MORE MEANINGFUL GAINS, THE GAINS THAT FILL BELLIES AND BUILD

HOMES AND SCHOOLS, BUT ONLY IF WE REJECT THE SORT OF EQUALITY

THAT WE ARE WINNING TODAY.

THAT EQUALITY GIVES US AN EQUAL CHANCE TO BE POOR,

AND EQUAL CHANCE TO BE UNEMPLOYED, AN EQUAL CHANCE TO DROP OUT

_i OF SCHOOL, AND A MORE THAN EQUAL CHANCE TO FIGHT FOR SOMEONE

ELSE'S FREEDOMS THOUSANDS OF MILES FROM HOME.

THAT EQUALITY MUST BE SUPPRESSED AND REPLACED WITH

AN EQUALITY THAT PROVIDES FULL EMPLOYMENT, GUARANTEED INCOMES,

AND MAKES THE AMERICAN NIGHTMARE THE AMERICAN DREAM.

ONLY WHEN WE HAVE GOTTEN OURSELVES TOGETHER, ONLY

WHEN WE SHALL HAVE DECIDED WHO ARE OUR ENEMIES, AND WHERE

17 THE BATTLEGROUND OUGHT TO BE, ONLY WHEN WE KNOW IN OUR HEARTS

WE ARE RIGHT AND ONLY WHEN WE DEMAND THAT OUR WORST OFF ARE

TREATED AS WELL AS WHITE AMERICA'S BEST OFF, WILL WE BEGIN

TO SEE WHETHER THIS SYSTEM AND THIS METHOD CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE

IN OUR LIVES.

IF THAT DAY DOES NOT COME, THEN AMERICA WILL REALLY

BEGIN TO REALIZE LANGSTON HUGHES'PROPHECY...THAT DREAMS DEFERRED

DO EXPLODE.

WATTS AND NEWARK WERE LIKE FIRECRACKERS TO A

HYDROGEN BOMB IF THE DREAM IS DEFERRED MUCH LONGER. FOR

LANGSTON HUGHES WROTE ANOTHER POEM:

NEGROES

SWEET AND GENTLE,

SOFT AND KIND.

fto-w^v-e-^i THE DAY

THEY CHANGE THEIR MIND

18. End FRANK P. GRAHAM President Emeritus

A. PHILIP RANDOLPH Vice President Emeritus fiyfj rural advancement fund BENJAMIN E. MAYS President BTr |fl ol the national sharecroppers fund. Inc. REV. A. j. MCKNIGHT Vice President 112 EAST 19th STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003 (212) GRamercy 3-0284 VERA RONY BSJ Secretary-Treasurer JAMES M. PIERCE Executive Director

Members ROBERT S. BROWNE SHIRLEY E. GREENE VIVIAN W. HENDERSON JOHN L. S. HOLLOMAN, JR., M.D. Dear Friend: LEWIS W. JONES ROBERT J. MILES ROWLAND WATTS Not long ago, the mayors of eleven major American cities met to discuss their situation. "A disaster area", "going down the drain", "bankrupt" are some of the ways they described the crisis they face. ^-^S No wonder, with seventy percent of the population crammed onto two

NATIONAL SHARECROPPERS percent of the land. And the out-migration from the rural South FUND BOARD continues. One and a half million in the past ten years. Well over Officers listed above and the following a hundred thousand in 1970. THOMAS C. BARNWELL, JR. MARSHALL BARRY JULIAN BOND This disastrous course need not continue. ROBERT S. BROWNE ROBERT COLES, M.D. MAX DELSON In two key Southern rural areas, people are finding they do not have IVANHOE DONALDSON to leave. They are learning how to keep their roots firmly planted EVELYN DUBROW MARIAN WRIGHT EOELMAN in their home communities--where there is ample living space, clean LUTHER H. FOSTER air, hope for a good life. Here is where the Rural Advancement Fund MANET FOWLER LAMOND GODWIN is providing new ideas, new capital, and technical know-how to over­ I. CYRUS GORDON come the neglect, discrimination, and attrition which have made even SHIRLEY E. GREENE ANNA ARNOLD HEOGEMAN subsistence no longer possible for large numbers of people. VIVIAN W. HENDERSON JOHN L. S. HOLLOMAN, JR., M.D. WILLIAM H. JOHNSON With RAF's help, whole communities are at last beginning to raise LEWIS W. JONES themselves up and to face the future with hope. They are learning JAMES W. LEWIS JAMES LIPSIG how to shift from no-longer-profitable cotton and tobacco crops to JENNIFER L. LOWENSTEIN diversified vegetables, produced and marketed in volume through co­ ROBERT J. MILES MORRIS MILGRAM operatives, and grown without use of harmful chemicals. DANIEL H. POLLITT ARTHUR F. RAPER LEON B. SCHACHTER RAF provides interest-free loans to the co-ops for machinery...helps PATRICIA CAYO SEXTON plan for locally-controlled industry to complement the farming ROWLAND WATTS RAYMOND M. WHEELER, M.D. operations...offers leadership training and opportunities for young JAMES E. YOUNGDAHL people...encourages health, housing, and other needed programs.

Founding Members Please read the enclosed folder for further details. Then I hope FRANK McCALLISTER you will write a generous check to spur this development and help it ELIOT D. PRATT IRA DeA. REID spread to other needy areas. You will have the satisfaction of NORMAN THOMAS becoming a partner in this tremendously hopeful program to save the rural areas and their people--and also help buy time for the cities.

Sincerely yours,

Julian Bond

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE RURAL ADVANCEMENT FUND ARE TAX-DEDUCTIBLE. Are these the «* "Forgotten Americans"... ?

You might call the poor people of the South the Forgotten Americans. They live in miserable poverty, with little hope that things will get better.

But they are far from forgotten'.

Northern owners of Southern factories and mills remember them. They spend a great deal of time and energy devising ways to keep wages down by playing white workers against black and by taking advantage of economic need.

George Wallace and his backers think about the poor whites and blacks, too. They are using racial tensions in the South to build a political movement that threatens your future, wherever you live.

Mining interests in Appalachia and giant agricultural complexes throughout the South never forget, either. They have built huge profits on the basis of poverty and ignorance.

Yes, such groups think about the poor people of the South all the time.

Fortunately, the Southern Conference Educational Fund (SCEF) thinks of them, too. This interracial organization -- Southern-based and staffed -- has been working for more than 30 years to inform, educate, and inspire the poor -- regardless of race -- to action that will improve their lives. SCEF points out, to white and black, that they should not be fighting each other, but rather, the common adversary who exploits them both with fine impartiality.

SCEF believes that only by joining forces can the poor build a political movement that will enable them to run the South for the benefit of ALL the people who live there.

Slowly but surely, SCEF is building unity where there was hatred -- knowledge where there was ignorance -- hope and action to replace despair and lethargy. SCEF has brought blacks and whites together in labor struggles and political campaigns. Even former known members of the Ku Klux Klan have allied them-

(over, please)

SOUTHERN CONFERENCE EDUCATIONAL FUND SCEF,321 0 West Broadway, Louisville, Kentucky 40211 President: The Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth Executive Directors: Carl and Anne Braden selves with black workers to fight for better working conditions. (Some have organized local election campaigns based on platforms calling for equal treat­ ment and opportunities for blacks and whites.)

The challenge is still overwhelming. Our staff members know they face rebuff, scorn, political and economic pressures, arrests and jail -- even physical violence. All of these things have happened to them in the recent past, and the danger is there each day of their lives. Nevertheless, they carry on -- working for subsistence wages -- to build a New South.

But SCEF needs financial help to continue and expand this work. Money is needed to buy and maintain useable vehicles. To provide subsistence for field workers. To publicize the struggles which are taking place in the South. For education, organization, political and economic action.

To obtain this money, we must appeal to individuals like you -- Americans who believe as we do that if democracy is to work it must start at the grass-roots, with people organizing to control their own society.

Wherever you live, you have a vital stake in whether the poor people of the South are organized by the Wallace forces or by those who believe that black and white must come together to build a democratic political movement.

May we count on your support? Please, give as generously as your heart and conscience dictate and your pocketbook will allow. The postpaid envelope en­ closed below will speed your contribution to this vital work. Mail it today.

You'll be showing the poor people of the South that they are remembered by those who want to help them -- not just exploit them.

1 Sincerely, fi P.S. Contributors to SCEF receive our monthly newspaper THE SOUTHERN PATRIOT — the paper that "tells it like it is" W Julian Bond T-^ about the South today. * Member, SCEF Board FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 3167 LOUISVILLE, KY.

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL No postage stamp necessary if mailed in the United States

postage will be paid by

SOUTHERN CONFERENCE EDUCATIONAL FUND

3210 WEST BROADWAY

LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY 40211

Attention: Julian Bond FROM r

-I IX 3 Hi

L. J

Please note any corrections in name, address, or ZIP code. SOUTHERN CONFERENCE EDUCATIONAL FUND

We invite you to join us in building a movement of black and white that can change the South — and then the nation. If you live in the South, you need to be in touch with a group like SCEF. If you live outside the South, you need us too. Across the country, people are saying that black-white coalitions are im­ possible; in the South we are proving they are possible and the only answer. But, we need your support.

The Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth Carl and Anne Braden President Executive Directors

Dear Mr. Bond:

Yes, I want to help the Southern Conference Educational Fund eliminate poverty and racism in the South and throughout the nation. 1 enclose my contribution as indicated below:

Q$ D $100 D $50 • $25 • $10 Q $5 •$

Please make check payable to SCEF.

Your name and address already appear on the back of this envelope which needs no postage. However, if you will put a &t stamp on it, you will save 8$ for our work in helping the Southern poor. Please send your contributions today.