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“What I'm Doing Is Not a Crime"

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“What I'm Doing Is Not a Crime “WHAT I’M DOING IS NOT A CRIME” THE HUMAN COST OF CRIMINALIZING SEX WORK IN THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2016 Cover photo: A transgender woman descends from the third to the second floor as she leaves a hotel Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons to work in the streets of City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. November 15, 2008. (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. © Jared P Moossy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2016 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AMR 13/4042/2016 Original language: English a mnesty.org CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 CRIMINAL JUSTICE ABUSES IN THE STREETS OF BUENOS AIRES .......................................................................................................................................... 8 HARASSMENT OF INDOOR SEX WORKERS – “CODE INSPECTIONS” AND ANTI-TRAFFICKING RAIDS ...................................................................................... 9 STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION IN ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND HOUSING ....................................................................................................................... 11 SEX WORKERS’ LACK OF ACCESS TO PROTECTION FROM VIOLENCE AND CRIME ................................................................................................................ 12 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12 1. BACKGROUND 15 A SNAP-SHOT OF PEOPLE WHO SELL SEX IN BUENOS AIRES ............................................................................................................................................. 15 LEGAL FRAMEWORK AROUND SEX WORK IN BUENOS AIRES ............................................................................................................................................. 16 ONGOING DEBATES ABOUT SEX WORK AND THE LAW ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 2. SEX WORK AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS: THE IMPACT OF CRIMINALIZATION 22 CRIMINAL JUSTICE ABUSES IN THE STREETS OF BUENOS AIRES ....................................................................................................................................... 22 POLICE EXTORTION AND ABUSE AGAINST STREET-BASED SEX WORKERS, PARTICULARLY TRANSGENDER SEX WORKERS .................................................. 24 LACK OF POLICE PROTECTION FOR STREET-BASED SEX WORKERS ..................................................................................................................................... 26 “CODE INSPECTIONS” AND ANTI-TRAFFICKING RAIDS ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 “CODE INSPECTIONS” ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 ANTI-TRAFFICKING RAIDS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 PROHIBITIONS ON ADVERTISING SEXUAL SERVICES .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION IN ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES 31 STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION IN HEALTH CARE................................................................................................................................................................ 32 SPECIALIZED HEALTH SERVICES FOR SEX WORKERS ......................................................................................................................................................... 33 DISCRIMINATION IN ACCESS TO HOUSING ........................................................................................................................................................................ 34 3. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AFFECTED BY CRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORK IN BUENOS AIRES 37 RIGHT TO SECURITY OF THE PERSON AND FREEDOM FROM VIOLENCE ............................................................................................................................... 38 RIGHT TO LIBERTY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41 THE RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT ........................................................ 41 RIGHT TO THE HIGHEST ATTAINABLE STANDARD OF HEALTH .............................................................................................................................................. 42 RIGHT TO ADEQUATE HOUSING ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 RIGHT TO JUST AND FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS OF WORK ................................................................................................................................................. 45 RIGHT TO PRIVACY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 46 RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION ................................................................................................................................................................................ 46 RIGHT TO EQUALITY AND THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION .................................................................................................................................. 47 EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 ARGENTINA’S OBLIGATION TO COMBAT STEREOTYPES BASED ON SEX AND GENDER ......................................................................................................... 49 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 51 RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 52 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL CALLS ON THE ARGENTINE AND BUENOS AIRES AUTHORITIES TO: ............................................................................................. 52 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL CALLS ON UN AGENCIES AND RELEVANT DONOR COUNTRIES TO:.............................................................................................. 54 “WHAT I’M DOING IS NOT A CRIME” 3 THE HUMAN COST CRIMINALIZING SEX WORK IN THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Amnesty International GLOSSARY ENGLISH AUTONOMOUS SEX WORK In the context of Argentina, references to “autonomous sex work” generally refer to the exchange of sexual services1 between consenting adults for some form of remuneration, with the terms agreed between the seller and the buyer, and consensual sale and purchase of sex occurs without the involvement of others or “third parties”. (See definitions of “sex work” and “third parties” below.) CISGENDER PERSON Cisgender people are individuals whose gender expression and/or gender identity accords with conventional expectations based on the physical sex they were assigned at birth. In broad terms, “cisgender” is the opposite of “transgender”. CRIMINALIZATION OF SEX The process of prohibiting sex work and attaching punishments or WORK penalties through criminal laws. This includes laws that punish the selling or buying of sex and the organization of sex work (for example laws against keeping a brothel; promotion of “prostitution”; renting premises for the purposes of “prostitution”; living off the proceeds of sex work; and facilitating sex work through the provision of information or assistance). It also refers to other laws not specific to sex work which are either applied in a discriminatory way against people involved in sex work, and/or have a disproportionate impact on sex workers which can in practice work as a de facto prohibition. Such laws could include those on vagrancy, loitering Similarly immigration
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