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Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, Vol 8, No 1, April 2021 INVENTARISASI DAN 87 INVENTARISASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KUMBANG ANTENA PANJANG (CERAMBYCIDAE) DI HUTAN TALANG PEMATANG PUDU PROVINSI RIAU Ennie Chahyadi1), Fahri2), Dilla Asrizalni3) 1),3)Jurusan Biologi, Universitas Riau, 2)Jurusan Biologi, Universitas Tadulako. email1): [email protected] email2): [email protected] email3): [email protected] ABSTRAK: Kumbang longhorn yang dikenal dengan nama kumbang cerambycid merupakan kumbang yang memiliki peran sangat penting dalam proses pembusukan yang berguna bagi keseimbangan ekosistem hutan. Keanekaragaman kumbang ini masih belum banyak diketahui dan dipelajari di Indonesia, terutama di Provinsi Riau. Sedangkan provinsi ini memiliki heterogenitas vegetasi yang tinggi yang merupakan habitat dan sumber makanan bagi kumbang antena panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengkarakterisasi kumbang longhorn di hutan Talang Pematang Pudu Provinsi Riau. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan perangkap Arthrocarpus. Kumbang dikumpulkan pada pukul 15.00 wib. Kemudian dilakukan pengawetan dan identifikasi karakter morfologi berdasarkan ciri kepala, dada dan perut. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 12 spesies kumbang longhorn, dengan genera yang terdiri dari Sybra, Pterolophia, dan Epepeotes dari Subfamili Lamiinae. Jumlah individu yang diperoleh sebanyak 110 kumbang. Ciri-ciri kumbang longhorn yang dapat membedakan jenis kumbang terdapat pada ciri-ciri antena, elytra, skutelum dan pronotum. Kata Kunci : Kumbang longhorn, Cerambycid, Riau ABSTRACT:The longhorn beetle known as the Cerambycid beetle, is a beetle that has a very important role in the decomposition process which is useful for the balance of the forest ecosystem. The diversity of these beetles is still not widely known and studied in Indonesia, expectially in Riau Province. Meanwhile, the province has high vegetation heterogeneity which is a habitat and source of food for long antennae beetles. This study aims to inventory and characterize longhorn beetles in the Talang Pematang Pudu forest, Riau Province. The method used is using the Arthrocarpus trap. Beetles are collected at 15.00 wib. Then performed preservation and identification of morphological characters based on the characteristics of the head, thorax and abdomen. The results obtained as many as 12 species of longhorn beetles, with genera consisting of Sybra, Pterolophia, and Epepeotes from the Lamiinae Subfamily. The total number of individuals was obtained as many as 110 beetles. Characteristics of longhorn beetles that can distinguish between types of beetles are found in the characteristics of the antennae, elytra, skutelum and pronotum. Key Word: longhorn beetles, Cerambycid, Riau 1. PENDAHULUAN Famili Cerambycidae yang memiliki Kumbang antena panjang morfologi unik. Keunikan ini dilihat atau disebut juga dengan kumbang dari ukuran antena yang melebihi cerambicyd merupakan serangga dari dari ukuran panjang tubuhnya. Bio-Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, Vol 8, No 1, April 2021 88 Sehingga kumbang tersebut seperti pada hutan Talang Pematang merupakan kumbang yang terkenal Pudu di Kabupaten Bengkalis. Hutan dalam Ordo Coleoptera (Perveen ini terdiri dari berbagai macam jenis 2017). Selain itu keberadaan vegetasi seperti pohon akasia, kumbang antena panjang di suatu gaharu, kempas, paku-pakuan, karet, habitat hutan sangatlah penting. Hal kempayang, seminai, dan masih ini terkait perannya yang membantu banyak lagi (Komunikasi Pribadi dalam proses dekomposisi yang 2020). Sebagian besar merupakan berguna untuk keseimbangan habitat dan sumber makanan yang ekosistem hutan (Dagobert et al. sangat disukai oleh kumbang antena 2008; Raje et al. 2012). Proses panjang, baik pada fase dewasa tersebut dikarenakan larva kumbang maupun larva. Sehingga berpotensi antena panjang yang hidup dengan untuk menemukan kumbang antena cara mengebor bagian batang panjang di lokasi tersebut. tumbuhan berkayu, yang cenderung Oleh karena itu, sangat perlu lebih menyukai batang pohon yang melakukan inventarisasi jenis-jenis sudah lapuk atau kering (Noerdjito kumbang antena panjang apa saja 2005). yang ada di hutan Talang Pematang Keanekaragaman kumbang Pudu. Kemudian mengetahui dan antena panjang di Indonesia baru mempelajari karakter-karakter diketahui sebanyak 26 ribu jenis. morfologi setiap jenis kumbang Jumlah tersebut masih sangat sedikit antena panjang yang diperoleh dari dan hanya diketahui baru dari lokasi tersebut. Informasi pada beberapa provinsi di Indonesia, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat seperti dari hutan Provinsi Jambi melengkapi data kumbang antena (Fahri 2013), hutan di Polokarto panjang di Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa Tengah (Sataral 2015), hutan Provinsi Riau. Halimum salak Jawa Barat (Putri 2015) dan perkebunan di Sulawesi 2. METODE PENELITIAN Tengah (Rahmat et al. 2019). Jika Lokasi penelitian yaitu di dibandingkan dengan banyaknya Hutan Talang Desa Pematang Pudu hutan yang ada di Indonesia, dengan Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten keanekaragaman vegetasi yang Bengkalis Provinsi Riau (N 000 tinggi, tentunya akan ditemukan jenis 94’02.18, E 1020 02’00.58). kumbang antena panjang yang lebih Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan beranekaragam lagi. Sehingga sangat Juni-September tahun 2020. penting dan menarik untuk terus Identifikasi dan analisis data menggali informasi tentang jenis- dilakukan di Laboratorium Zoologi jenis kumbang antena panjang yang dan Unit Fotomikrografi Jurusan ada di Indonesia. Biologi FMIPA Universitas Riau. Salah satunya di Provinsi Metode penelitian dimulai dari Riau, belum ada informasi tentang koleksi sampel kumbang, keanekaragaman jenis kumbang pengawetan, identifikasi, antena panjang apa saja yang ada di dokumentasi, hingga analisis data. Provinsi tersebut. Provinsi Riau Koleksi Sampel Kumbang terkenal dengan banyaknya tipe Koleksi sampel menggunakan hutan yang kaya akan heterogenitas metode Artocarpus trap (Noerdjito vegetasi yang tinggi. Salah satunya 2008). Perangkap ini menggunakan Bio-Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, Vol 8, No 1, April 2021 89 umpan daun nangka yang bertujuan jamur (Makihara et al. 2002). agar senyawa yang dikeluarkan Identifikasi dan Dokumentasi beruba odor atau bau dapat memikat Kumbang kumbang antena panjang (Hanks et Karakter morfologi yang digunakan al. 2007). Jumlah perangkap dalam identifikasi meliputi bagian sebanyak 16 perangkap, dengan jarak tubuh kepala, torkas, abdomen. Total pemasangan perangkap setiap 50 m karakter yang diamati sebanyak 20 pada jalur transek. Lokasi karakter. Identifikasi berdasarkan pengambilan sampel seluas Samuelson (1965), Makihara et al. 100x16m. Koleksi sampel dilakukan (2002), Makihara & Noerdjito sebanyak lima kali dengan rentang (2004), Heffern (2013) dan Sataral waktu pengambilan sampel berjarak (2015 & 2017). Dokumentasi juga tiga hari (hari ke-4, 7, 10, 13, 16). dilakukan untuk membandingkan Koleksi dilakukan pada sore hari tiap karakter pada individu dan jenis pukul 15.00 wib. Pengambilan kumbang antena panjang. sampel dengan mengoleksi kumbang Pengamatan dan foto juga yang jatuh pada penadah kain putih menggunakan mikroskop merk berukuran 1x1 m, setelah Olympus type Cx41 dan kamera menggoyang atau memukul (beating) Canon 1300D. batang pohon yang telah diberi Analisis Data perangkap. Kemudian kumbang Data disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dimasukkan ke dalam killing bottle, dan tabel secara deskriptif. Data dicatat identitas dan jumlah menyajikan jumlah jenis dan individunya (Fahri 2013). individu kemudian karakter Pengawetan Sampel Kumbang morfologi kumbang antena panjang. Kumbang di bawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan pengawetan dan 3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN dibuat insektarium. Proses ini terdiri Jumlah Individu dan Jenis dari tahap pinning atau penusukan Kumbang Antena Panjang bagian torak dengan menggunakan Kumbang antena panjang yang jarum serangga. Namun jika ukuran berhasil diperoleh sebanyak 12 jenis tubuh kumbang kecil, maka dan 110 individu. Kumbang yang menggunakan kertas segitiga (point). ditemukan teridiri dari satu Setelah itu dilanjutkan ke tahapan Subfamili yaitu Lamiinae dengan labelling atau penulisan identitas tiga tribe yaitu Apomecynini, kumbang. Pada tahap ini Pteropliini dan Monochamini. menggunakan kertas concord dan Jumlah jenis kumbang antena balok pinning (pinning block). panjang yang paling banyak Tahapan selanjutnya adalah proses ditemukan pada genus Pterolophia pengeringan, dilakukan sekitar tiga dari Pteropliini (Tabel 1). hari hingga satu minggu disesuaikan Kumbang antena panjang dengan ukuran tubuh kumbang. Subfamili Lamiinae merupakan jenis Pengeringan menggunakan oven kumbang antena panjang yang paling dengan kisaran suhu sebesar 45 0C. banyak ditemukan disetiap habitat. Kemudian selanjutnya kumbang Hal ini karena kumbang tersebut disimpan di dalam kotak koleksi memiliki banyak jenis makanan yang sudah diberikan kapur barus termasuk pemakan daun dan batang agar terhindar dari serangga lain dan (Duffy 2012). Kumbang Lamiinae Bio-Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, Vol 8, No 1, April 2021 90 memiliki jumlah jenis yang paling Selain itu, kumbang subfamili banyak daripada subfamili lainnya, tersebut aktif pada siang hari, yaitu sekitar 20.000 jenis (Haks sehingga lebih mudah ditemukan 1999; Noerdjito 2009 & 2010; keberadaannya (Noerdjito 2008). Noerdjito et al. 2011; Slipinski & Escalona 2013; Xuanbi et al. 2020). Tabel 1. Jumlah jenis dan individu kumbang antena panjang No Subfamili/ Tribe/ Jenis Jumlah Individu Subfamili Lamiinae : I Tribe Apmecynini 1 Sybra cetrifera pascoe 8 2 Sybra umbratica pascoe 1 3 Sybra psaudalternans
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