DOCSLIB.ORG

Raymond Arthur Dart: His Life and Work

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Raymond Arthur Dart: His Life and Work RAYMOND ARTHUR DART: HIS LIFE AND WORK Frances Wheelhouse A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Sydney March 1998 'Al!SJ9A!Un J94lO Aue Ol paluasaJd uaaq lOU se4 pue )jJOM UMO AW S! S!S94l S!4lle4llSane I ABSTRACT To date no definitive work has been produced on the Australian scientist Raymond Arthur Dart. This thesis aims at correcting such a lack. Born in Queensland in 1893, he was most famous for his discovery in South Africa in 1924 of the missing link between ape and man, Australopithecus africanus, (the Taung skull) which changed world opinions on the evolution of the human species. Arguments are illustrated of the huge difficulties he had to overcome in establishing his claims and in so doing sustaining his findings against the opposition of the British scientific establishment members of the day who, scathingly condemned his work and influenced other scientists throughout the world to do likewise. Arguments are put forward concerning the prejudices of the day of entrenched ideas of human evolution and also of class bigotry which existed and against Colonials expressing opposing views to their British peers. Points are established as to how Raymond Dart coped over decades with this problem and why he was so firm in his convictions of his assessment of this Taung skull. It is argued his strong character and intellect were of enormous importance as were factors in the moulding of his character of experiencing in Australia in his youth, tough farm life, governed by devoted religious parents and schooling wherein also both the work and religious ethic played a powerful role. It is shown, how the religious aspect diminished from 1911 when he studied Science and came into contact with Darwin's work at the University of Queensland. Points are made as to how the work ethic continued to flourish under the influence of his mentors there and in his medical studies at the University of Sydney, with his army service and the continuing strong influence of Sir Grafton Elliot Smith at the University College, London. It is shown that, cast into the daunting role at the age of twenty-nine to the Chair of Anatomy at the newly established Medical School in Johannesburg, by his sheer vitality and drive, his inspired vision, laden with new concepts, many bitterly opposed, he lifted the University of the Witwatersrand to world prominence, not only by his major discovery of Austra/opithecus africanus in 1924 but by the quality of the students he produced to become leaders in their fields. Points are made of his additional wide-ranging researches in medicine, anthropology, human migrations and culture. The importance is shown of Dr Broom's discovery at Sterkfontein, South Africa of adult australopithecines, thus confirming Dart's initial discovery, as is Dart's own discovery of more of the species at Makapansgat and his assessment of their culture, some aspects of which became highly disputed. In the light of later findings by others proving similar cultural lifestyle affinities of man's near relatives, argument is made for the reassessment of much of Dart's disputed work in regard to tool use and cultural behaviour of the australopithecines. ABBREVIATIONS AAAS Australian Association for the Advancement of Science. ACT Australian Capital Territory. Afr. Stud. African Studies. AAMC Australian Army Medical Corps. AIF Australian Imperial Forces. Amer. Anthrop. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Amer.J.phys.Anthrop.n.s. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. new series. Assoc. Sci. Tech. Socs. S. A. Associated Scientific and Technical Societies of South Africa. Anthrop.Anz. Anthropologischer Anzeiger. ANL Australian National Library. ANZAAS Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science. AUQ Archives University of Queensland. Bantu Stud. Bantu Studies. BAAS British Association for the Advancement of Science. Brit. J.phys. Med. British Journal of Physical Medicine. BBMNH(G). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology). Clin. Med. Surg. Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Curr.Anthrop. Current Anthropology. ed. edited. Folia anat. Jap. Folia Anatomica Japonica. FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. FRS Fellow of the Royal Society. Ill us. Illustrated. 11/us.Lond.News. Illustrated London News. ISMA Institute for the Study of Man in Africa. lnternat.geol. Cong. International Geological Congress. IGS. Ipswich Grammar School. IGSM Ipswich Grammar School Magazine. IGSMCI Ipswich Grammar School Magazine Centenary Issue. J.anat. Journal of Anatomy. J.comp.Neurol. Journal of Comparative Neurology. J.dent.Ass.S.Afr. Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa. J.Hum.Evol. Journal of Human Evolution. J.med Ass.S.Afr. Journal of the Medical Association of South Africa. J. nerv. ment. Dis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases. J.Roy.anthrop.lnst. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. J. S.Afr. vet.med.Ass. Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association. Med.J.S.Afr. Medical Journal of South Africa. Med.Proc. Medical Proceedings. Mus.Man.Sci. The Museum of Man and Science. NSW New South Wales Proc. Pan-Afr. Gong. Prehist. Proceedings of the Pan African Congress in Prehistory. Proc.zoo/. Soc. Lond. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Qld. Queensland. Rhod.min.J. Rhodesian Mining Journal. RPAH. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. S.A.M.B. South African Museums Association Bulletin. S.Afr.archaeoi.Bull. South African Archaeological Bulletin. S.Afr.Assn.Adv.Sci. South African Association for the Advancement of Science. S.Afr.geog.J. South African Geographical Journal. S.Afr.J.med.Sci. South African Journal of Medical Sciences. S.Afr.J.occupat. Therap. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy. S.Afr. J. Physiotherap. South African Journal of Physiotherapy. S.Af.J.Sci. South African Journal of Science. S.Afr.mech.Engr. South African Mechanical Engineer. S.Afr.med.J. South African Medical Journal. S.Afr.Riys.Harb. Mag. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine. S.Afr.Sci. South African Science. Sci.S.Afr. Scientific South Africa. Trans. Rhod. Sci. Ass. Transactions of the Rhodesia Science Association. Trans.Roy. Soc. S.Afr. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. Transv.educat.News. Transvaal Education News. Transv.Mus.Mem. Transvaal Museum Memoirs. U.S. Med. Soc. University of Sydney Medical Society. Z. Morph.Anthrop. Zeitschrift fOr Morphologie und Anthropologie. Zoo/. Soc. Lond. Symp. Zoological Society of London Symposia. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS One of the most pleasant factors in the compilation of this thesis has been the co-operation which I have received and I take this opportunity to express my thanks to all those who helped me both in either large or in small capacity. The Medical School, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa: To Emeritus Professor Phillip V. Tobias, his secretarial and technical staff, Christel Eckert (now Mrs Allison), R. Klomfass, H. Henning Alun R Hughes, John Bunting and John Shavalabala. Staff of the Medical Library. The Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, Johannesburg, South Africa: Dr. S. H. Haughton, A. R. I. Cruickshank, Professor M. A. Raath, Dr. A. S. Brink, Dr. James Kitching, Dr Judith Maguire, Brian Maguire, Adrian Boshier, Dr Peter Beaumont, Harry Thackwray, Patrick Nagel, Joan van Gogh, Mrs Edwards, the Librarian and Mrs Holloway, secretarial staff, the laboratory staff and at Sterkfontein caves, Elias Makere. Others in South Africa: Professor Trevor Rubidge Trevor-Jones of the Dental Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand; Professor H. J. Deacon, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Province; Dr C. K. (Bob) Brain, Director, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria and Heidi Fourie, Palaeontology Section; Miss Anna Smith, Librarian and her staff of Johannesburg City Library; Colonel and Mrs H. E. Winder; Mr and Mrs Gordon Peppercorn of the Makapansgat Valley and Zava, caretaker of the Research Huts. Internationally: The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, Philadelphia, USA, Drs Glen Doman and Carl Delacarto, Greta Erdtmann and Lee Pattinson; Mrs and Mrs Leighton Wilkie of Chicago. Professors Bernard Campbell, Brunetto Chiarelli, Y. Coppens, Ralph von Koenigswald, W. W. Howells, Clark Howell, J. Huizinga, J. Kiernaux, Ralph Holloway, E. Maquel, T. Jacob, P. Kirby, E. L. Simmons, C. Arambourg and Paul Rennie. Archives: Australian Archives, Canberra; University of Sydney (Ken Smith and Tim Robertson), for items not previously sited; Joseph Shellshear, Medical School, University of Sydney (Ann Macintosh and Dr Denise Donlon), for items not previously sited; likewise at St Andrew's College, (Professor lan Jack); University of Sydney Medical Society; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney; the University of the Witwatersrand, (Mrs. D. Arnold), Barlow Archives, both of Johannesburg; University College, London; University of Queensland; Ipswich Grammar School. The Fisher Library staff and Rare Books Section of the University of Sydney; Ipswich Grammar School, Queensland, Igor Lapa, Headmaster; K. E. Neale, Jim Leigh and C. McKee; Medical School, Queensland University, Brisbane, Professors John Pearn (AM) and Laurie Geffen; Medical School, Sydney University, Professors. N. W. G. Macintosh, Maurice Arnold, also Ken Parsons. Others who aided, Helen Frizell and Dr Scott Orr, Pro-vice Chancellor John Atherton Young, also several photographers; a special thanks to those who permitted extracts of their work
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fall 2017 Banquet
    Tons of Newsletter Home to the Fall Session of the Raleigh Dart League for the Banquet, Saturday, December 9, 2017 Issue #JK704 The "This Is Probably About As Close To A 'Royal' Wedding As I Will Ever Care To Be" Edition TOURNAMENT WINNERS TABLE OF CONTENTS "A" Division - Appetite for Destruction (13-11) Item Page Number Appetite ends Element's 5-Mug run by pulling out a 501 sweep Tournament & Regular Season Winning Teams 1 (just as they did in their week 14 win), punctuated by a Michael Spring 2018 RDL Season Information 1 Johnson T80 and a pair of quick 20-darters in the final 3-game set. Final Divisional Standings 2 "B" Division - Dartistic Expression (13-11) Final Divisional Tournament Results 3 Dartistic finally escapes going to 1001 with Methodical (where Tournament & Regular Season Winning Team Rosters 4 Methodical had dumped them twice previously), thus completing Sp'18 season dates, Tiebreaker Summary, good lessons 4 an ultimate nailbiter Mug run, with 12-12, 13-11, and 13-11 wins. Tournament Trophy Dart Awards 5 "C" Division - Flightmare (13-3) Other Tournament Hot Darts 5 After winning the season race by 5 matches and 50 points (the Regular Season Trophy Dart Awards 5 second-biggest margin of victory), Flightmare rolls to one of the Divisional Singles Win %-age Winners 6 most dominant tournament runs this fall, only reaching 501 once. Divisional All-Star Point %-age Winners 6 "D" Division - Dysfunctional Outlaws (12+-12) Players Who Beat the Singles Winners 6 Dysfunctional becomes the only team outside of a "top two" from Season Penalty Summary 6 the regular season to take home a set of Mugs, outlasting the List of Host Establishments 7 Bandits (who they also thumped during the season) in a 1001! Holiday blind draws, other local leagues 7 "E" Division - Inglourious Darters (14-4) RDL Address and Phone No.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons 1926 to Circa 1990
    A History of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons 1926 to circa 1990 TT King TT King A History of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, 1926 to circa 1990 TT King Society Archivist 1 A History of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, 1926 to circa 1990 © 2017 The Society of British Neurological Surgeons First edition printed in 2017 in the United Kingdom. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys- tem or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permis- sion of The Society of British Neurological Surgeons. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the infor- mation contained in this publication, no guarantee can be given that all errors and omissions have been excluded. No responsibility for loss oc- casioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by The Society of British Neurological Surgeons or the author. Published by The Society of British Neurological Surgeons 35–43 Lincoln’s Inn Fields London WC2A 3PE www.sbns.org.uk Printed in the United Kingdom by Latimer Trend EDIT, DESIGN AND TYPESET Polymath Publishing www.polymathpubs.co.uk 2 The author wishes to express his gratitude to Philip van Hille and Matthew Whitaker of Polymath Publishing for bringing this to publication and to the British Orthopaedic Association for their help. 3 A History of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons 4 Contents Foreword
    [Show full text]
  • The Harvard Classics Eboxed
    0113 DSIS Qil3D THE HARVARD CLASSICS The Five-Foot Shelf of Books THE HARVARD CLASSICS EDITED BY CHARLES W. ELIOT, LL.D. English Poetry IN THREE VOLUMES VOLUME II From Collins to Fitzgerald ^ith Introductions and l>iotes Yolume 41 P. F. Collier & Son Corporation NEW YORK Copyright, igro By p. F. Collier & Son uanufactuked in v. s. a. CONTENTS William Collins page FiDELE 475 Ode Written in mdccxlvi 476 The Passions 476 To Evening 479 George Sewell The Dying Man in His Garden 481 Alison Rutherford Cockburn The Flowers of the Forest 482 Jane Elliot Lament for Flodden 483 Christopher Smart A Song to David 484 Anonymous Willy Drowned in Yarrow 498 John Logan The Braes of Yarrow 500 Henry Fielding A Hunting Song 501 Charles Dibdin Tom Bowling 502 Samuel Johnson On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet 503 A Satire 504 Oliver Goldsmith When Lovely Woman Stoops 505 Retaliation 505 The Deserted Village 509 The Traveller; or, A Prospect of Society 520 Robert Graham of Gartmore If Doughty Deeds 531 Adam Austin For Lack of Gold 532 465 466 CONTENTS William Cowper page Loss OF THE Royal George 533 To A Young Lady 534 The Poplar Field 534 The Solitude of Alexander Selkirk 535 To Mary Unwin 536 To the Same 537 Boadicea: An Ode 539 The Castaway 54" The Shrubbery 54^ On the Receipt of My Mother's Picture Out of Norfolk 543 The Diverting History of John Gilpin 546 Richard Brinsley Sheridan Drinking Song 554 Anna Laetitia Barbauld Life 555 IsoBEL Pagan (?) Ca' the Yowes to the Knowes 556 Lady Anne Lindsay AuLD Robin Gray 557 Thomas Chatterton Song from ^lla 558
    [Show full text]
  • Dodannualreport20042005.Pdf
    chapter 7 All enquiries with respect to this report can be forwarded to Brigadier General A. Fakir at telephone number +27-12 355 5800 or Fax +27-12 355 5021 Col R.C. Brand at telephone number +27-12 355 5967 or Fax +27-12 355 5613 email: [email protected] All enquiries with respect to the Annual Financial Statements can be forwarded to Mr H.J. Fourie at telephone number +27-12 392 2735 or Fax +27-12 392 2748 ISBN 0-621-36083-X RP 159/2005 Printed by 1 MILITARY PRINTING REGIMENT, PRETORIA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 chapter 7 D E P A R T M E N T O F D E F E N C E A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 4 / 2 0 0 5 Mr M.G.P. Lekota Minister of Defence Report of the Department of Defence: 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005. I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Defence. J.B. MASILELA SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE: DIRECTOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 i contents T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S PAGE List of Tables vi List of Figures viii Foreword by the Minister of Defence ix Foreword by the Deputy Minister of Defence xi Strategic overview by the Secretary for Defence xiii The Year in Review by the Chief of the SA National Defence Force xv PART1: STRATEGIC DIRECTION Chapter 1 Strategic Direction Introduction 1 Aim 1 Scope of the Annual Report 1 Strategic Profile 2 Alignment with Cabinet and Cluster Priorities 2 Minister of Defence's Priorities for FY2004/05 2 Strategic Focus 2 Functions of the Secretary for Defence 3 Functions of the Chief of the SANDF 3 Parys Resolutions 3 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    NOTES AND REFERENCES PREFACE 1 In the period of history covered by the present work, the words most commonly used to describe the type of society studied by anthropologists were "primitive" and "savage". Since however, neither of these words can be used without strongly pejorative overtones, I have done my best to avoid them, substituting instead more emotionally neutral words like "aboriginal", "indigenous" and "preliterate". None of these words is perfectly suited to the job at hand and the result may sometimes come out sounding rather oddly. Nonetheless, I would rather be guilty of minor offences of usage than of encouraging Eurocentric prejudice. 2 Peter Lawrence, "The Ethnographic Revolution", Oceanill45, 253-271 (1975). 3 A recent work which makes a start in this direction is Perspectives on the Emergence of Scientific Disciplines, Gerard Lemaine, Roy MacLeod, Michael Mulkay and Peter Weingart (eds.), (The Hague and Chicago, 1977). From our point of view the most inter­ esting contribution is Michael Worboy's study of British tropical medicine, a discipline which, largely because of its relationship to British imperialism, exhibited a maturation process which bore many similarities to that of British Social Anthropology. 4 Jairus Banaji, ''The Crisis of British Social Anthropology", New Left Review 64, 75 (Nov.-Dec. 1970). 5 E. E. Evans-Pritchard's famous 1940 ethnography on The Nuer, for example, often regarded as the ultimate achievement of British Social Anthropology, presents the Nuer as a self-contained, static and harmoniously-operating group. However, it is evident from a number of things which Evans-Pritchard mentions in passing that, in fact, the Nuer interact so substantially with the neighbouring Dinka people that, instead of reifying "the Nuer" as a self-contained social entity, it may well have been more sensible to write a book about the Nuer-Dinka complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Standard Non-Metric Cranial Traits Used to Determine Ancestry on a South African Sample
    Evaluating standard non-metric cranial traits used to determine ancestry on a South African sample By Carla van Rooyen Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: M.Sc. (Anatomy) In the school of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa January- 2010 © University of Pretoria DECLARATION I, Carla van Rooyen, declare that this thesis is my own work. It is being submitted for the degree of Masters for Science in Anatomy at the University of Pretoria. It has not been submitted before any other degree or examination at this or any other University. Sign_____________ This_______Day of ________________, 2010 ABSTRACT Research on the estimation of age at death, sex and stature from skeletal remains has received more attention than methods used to evaluate ancestry. While this may be due to the stigma attached to classifying people into groups, the application, interpretation and precision of non-metric methods used to predict ancestry need to be examined; as these variables are routinely applied to forensic case work in South Africa. The aim of this study was to score fifteen non-metric cranial traits, namely nasal bone structure, nasal breadth, nasal overgrowth, anterior nasal spine, inferior nasal margin, interorbital breadth, zygomaxillary suture shape, malar tubercle, alveolar prognathism, mandibular and palatine tori, shovel- shaped incisors, Carabelli’s cusps and the transverse palatine suture shape on a South African sample, with the intent to assess the influence of sex, ancestry and age at death on these facial features. A total of 520 crania were obtained from the Pretoria Bone, Raymond A.
    [Show full text]
  • Ebook Download the Dreams of Dragons: an Exploration And
    THE DREAMS OF DRAGONS: AN EXPLORATION AND CELEBRATION OF THE MYSTERIES OF NATURE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lyall Watson | 176 pages | 30 Nov 1999 | Inner Traditions Bear and Company | 9780892813728 | English | Rochester, VT, United States Lyall Watson - Wikipedia I have been completely mesmerized by this book about oddities in nature. These are oddities that we almost never think about or take completely for granted. Yet they are things - like water, right-handedness, electricity - that are part of our everyday lives and are, surprisingly! I couldn't put this book down and am now engrossed in another by the same author. May 25, Colleen rated it it was amazing. This book turned me into the reader I am today. I checked it out so many times from the library before my mom got it for me for Christmas in my young teen years. Apr 29, Jean-Paul rated it really liked it. I believe this book was a gift from my then girlfriend about years ago. I read it once while I was recovering from an illness and it languished on my shelves for years before I picked it up again without realizing that I had read it before. I was about 70 pages in before I realized that "oh The book is a fairly quick read and is almost F So The book is a fairly quick read and is almost Fortean in nature as it deals with some of the more arcane natural phenomenon and the historical underpinnings of these phenomena. One of my favorite chapters in the book deal with fossils of human like large headed mammals which are found on a certain beach and which may support the water ape theory that man went back into the water to swim for a few thousand years after coming out of the trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Commonwealth of Australia Gazette! Published by the Australian Government Publishing Service
    commonwealth of Australia Gazette! Published by the Australian Government Publishing Service No. G 32 Canberra, Tuesday, 16 August 1977 GENERAL CONTENTS AVAILABILrrY. The Gazette may be obtained by mail from: Notice to private advertisers 2 Mail Ordei Sales, Australian Government Publishing Scrvice, Proclamations 2 P.O. Box 84, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600 Legislation 2 or over the counter from Australian Government Pub- Customs 3 lishing Service Bookshops at: Government departments 6 Adelaide: 12 Pirie Street (Telephone 212 3646) Defence force appointments, etc. 16 Brisbane: ShO"'lo]p 42, The Valley rCentre , Fortitud" " e Valley Commonwealth teaching service 20 (Telephone 52 5526) Canberra: 113 London Circuii t (Telephon 547 7211) Bankruptcy Act 20 Hobart: 162 Macquariarie StreeSu t (Telephone 23 7151) Private advertisements 28 Melbourne: 347 Swanston Street (Telephone 66 33010) Tenders invited 31 Perth: 200 St George's Terrace (Telephone 22 4737) Contracts arranged 35 Sydney: 309 Pitt Street (Telephone 211 4755) Special Gazettes Nos S 158, S 159, S 160, S 161 and The Gazette is also available for perusal at official S 162 are attached Post Offices. Commonwealth Acts and Statutory Rules, Australian Commonwealth of Australia Gazette is published section- Capital Territory Ordinances and Regulations, and other ally in accordance with the arrangements set out below: Australian Government publications may also be pur- Public Service issues contain notices concerning admin- chased at these addresses. istrative matters, including examinations, vacancies, transfers and promotions within the Australian Public NOTICES FOR PUBLICATION and related corres- Service. These issues are published weekly at 10.30 a.m. pondence should be addressed to: on Thursday, and are sold at 95c each plus postage or Gazette Office, Australian Government Publishing on subscription of $58,00 (50 issues), $32.00 (25 issues), Service, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Materials Associated with Module 1 Taung Child
    Teaching Materials Associated With Module 1 Taung Child: - Discovered in 1924 by Australian anatomy professor Raymond Dart - Among the first human fossils to be found in Africa - Dated to between 2.5 and 3 million years ago - Based on dental eruption patterns, Taung child’s age at death was ~3.3 years old - It is thought that an eagle killed Taung child based on what appear to be talon puncture marks on the skull Discovery of Taung Child: - Dart’s discovery: “Australian anatomy professor Raymond Dart was adjusting the collar of his dress suit in preparation for a friend’s wedding when a box, shipped from a limestone quarry near Taung, South Africa, arrived at the doorstep of his Johannesburg home in November 1924. Dart abandoned his collar to dig through the package’s contents—all the while ignoring the grumblings of his wife and the groom, who were anxious to begin the wedding ceremony. Inside the box, he found a fossilized mold of a brain and a matching child’s skull partially buried in stone. Dart quickly realized the significance of the finding, and by February 1925 had published an article in Nature identifying a new species: Australopithecus africanus. The 2.5-million-year-old “Taung Child” or “Taung Baby,” as Dart called it, was the first member of the Australopithecus genus discovered, and it challenged contemporary ideas about human evolution.” – The Scientist Magazine - This can be considered “armchair paleoanthropology” as Dart did not participate in the excavation of Taung child himself. Instead, he was sent the samples and completed the analysis from Johannesburg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global History of Paleopathology
    OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN TH E GLOBA L H ISTORY OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd i 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:58:03:58 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd iiii 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN TH E GLOBA L H ISTORY OF PALEOPATHOLOGY Pioneers and Prospects EDITED BY JANE E. BUIKSTRA AND CHARLOTTE A. ROBERTS 3 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd iiiiii 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN 1 Oxford University Press Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With o! ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland " ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © #$%# by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. %&' Madison Avenue, New York, New York %$$%( www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. CIP to come ISBN-%): ISBN $–%&- % ) * + & ' ( , # Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd iivv 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN To J.
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Uj Palaeo-Research Symposium
    PROGRAMME 1ST UJ PALAEO-RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM in combination with the 2ND PALAEO-TRACKS SYMPOSIUM Monday 13 November 2017 Funded by the African Origins Platform of the National Research Foundation of South Africa Through the Palaeo-TrACKS Research Programme 08:30 Arrival, coffee & loading of Power Point presentations Freshly brewed tea and coffee with a selection of freshly baked croissants, Danish pastries & muffins 09:00 5 min Welcome Prof Alex Broadbent (Executive Dean of Humanities & Professor of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg) Introduction of Chairs Morning session: Prof Kammila Naidoo, Humanities Deputy Dean Research & Professor of Sociology Afternoon session: Prof Marlize Lombard, Director of the Centre for Anthropological Research 09:05 10 min Opening address Prof Angina Parekh (Deputy Vice Chancellor: Academic and Institutional Planning, University of Johannesburg) SESSION 1: INVITED KEYNOTE LECTURES 09:15 30 min The Rising Star fossil discoveries and human origins Prof John Hawks (Vilas-Borghesi Distinguished Achievement Professor of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) Abstract: Discoveries in the Dinaledi and Lesedi Chambers of the Rising Star cave system have transformed our knowledge of South African fossil hominins during the Middle Pleistocene. The research strategies undertaken in the Rising Star cave system provide a strong framework for inter- disciplinary work in palaeo-anthropology. This talk gives an overview of the Rising Star research project, focusing on the processes that have enabled effective
    [Show full text]
  • From Ape to Man. the Phenomenal Growth of Cranial Capacity and Culture
    GENERAL I ARTICLE From Ape to Man. The Phenomenal Growth of Cranial Capacity and Culture Srinivasachari Rajappa What could have triggered the rapid and unprecedented expansion of brain capacity in the course of the evolution of man from one of the ape species? The development of language and associated thinking process is a strong possi­ bility; a few other surprising activities also appear to be good candidates to have acted as the trigger. Rajappa retired in 1994 from the National Most of us, who are not creationists, have wondered at some time Chemical Laboratory, or the other, what direction evolution will take in the future. Pune, as the Head of the Division of Organic What are the selection pressures at present, and what are the Synthesis. His current consequences likely to be? In order to make an intelligent guess, interests include reading, it may be worthwhile to look at the course of evolution over the writing and listening to past few million years leading to the present-day human beings. classical music. Several million years ago, certain species of apes evolved into what were to become two distinct, erect, bipedal creatures - Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus robustus. By about one million years ago the former had developed into the earliest known human species, while the latter had become extinct. This 'advanced Australopithecus' was followed by Homo erectus (about 500,000 years ago), which then led to the Neanderthal man (80,000 to 30,000 years ago) and the Cro-Magnon (35,000 B.C.). From fossil data, there is clear circumstantial evidence pointing to a connection between the growth in size of the human brain and the development of language and culture.
    [Show full text]