Note to the Brethren ...... 02 From the East ...... 03 From the West ...... 04 From the South ...... 05 Biography: Hon. Bro. Herbert Gordon Gardiner ...... 06

Selected Works of Hon. Bro. Herbert Gordon Gardiner Duke Paoa Kahanamoku 1890-1968 ...... 09 Prince Lot Kapuaiwa Kamehameha The First Full Blooded Hawaiian Freemason ...... 11 Masonic Directory, Territory of Hawaii 1908 ...... 18 The Early Lodges in Hawaii & Some Prominent Brethren of that Bygone Era ...... 22 The Glory and Travail of a Bygone Era ...... 26 Jose Rizal: Patriot, Scholar, Doctor & Freemason 1861-1896 ...... 35 Douglas MacArthur, A Freemason For All Seasons ...... 39 “Inside The Brotherhood” “Further Secrets of the Freemasons” ...... 48 Freemasonry and Religion ...... 51 The “Mighty Mo,” A Rendezvous with History ...... 53

General Interest Articles: A Quick Masonic Education: The ‘Missing Parts’ of the Lectures Revisited ...... 61 The Test ...... 63 Honolulu Lodge Installation ...... 64 People are Funny! ...... 70

Photo Gallery: Degree Conferrals and Lodge Visitations ...... 33 Thanksgiving Dinner and WBro. Froilan Domingo Presentations ...... 58

Lodge Matters: Uniform Aprons for Lodge Past masters ...... 60 Special Veterans Recognized ...... 66 Brief Notes ...... 68 Secretary’s Report ...... 71 Necrology ...... 72 Photo Credits: WBro. Dale Palileo, Bro. Alex Escasa and Bro. Matthew Rowe and Sis. Virginia Gardiner A NOTE TO THE BRETHREN

A Happy New Year to all!

This final volume of the Cable-Tow for Masonic year 2007 is a special issue in honor of Bro. Herbert Gardiner, an active member of Hawaiian Lodge and of the Grand Lodge of Hawaii, who recently left our midst and joined the celestial lodge above.

Bro. Gardiner is well known in Masonic circles for his research and writings on Freemasonry in Hawaii. For his scholarship, he was made Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge of Hawaii for several years, and was also a member of the Northern California Research Lodge. He was also past Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Hawaii. In recognition of his contributions to Masonic history, we are reprint- ing ten of his written works in this volume, along with a brief biographical sketch. We are hopeful that through these articles, the brethren will not only gain knowl- edge about what our departed brother has researched and written on, but will also gain important insights on the kind of man and Mason he was. Our appreciation goes to his widow and family for providing us his biography and pictures, and to the Northern California Research Lodge for allowing us to reprint his works.

This issue also includes photo galleries of the various lodge activities during the final quarter of the Masonic year. A couple of general interest articles are also included, as well as a listing of Hawaiian Lodge members who have been Masons for 25 up to 50 years is included. The “Brief Notes” at the end of this volume chronicles some recent developments involving members of the Cable-Tow Com- mittee.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of the Cable-Tow Committee for their continued support and hard work in making sure that the publication comes out on time. I hope we have continued to “inform and edu- cate” the brethren for the past year. We look forward to continue serving you to the best that we could, and hope that you will continue to support your Cable- Tow in the ensuing Masonic year.

Fraternally yours,

Jun Colmenares, PM

02 FROM THE EAST By: Eduardo L. Abutin Worshipful Master

Mahalo . . .

Greetings and Happy Holidays!

I hope this message finds you in good health and spirit and that 2007 has been good to you, as it has been very special and kind to me.

It was, indeed, a very good year – filled with great learning experiences and challenges. I feel very privileged to have been given the rare opportunity to serve as Master, and although my term in the Oriental Chair seems to have gone too quickly I cannot help but look back at our accom- plishments for the year – relatively modest as they seem to appear. I am very proud that together with this year’s outstanding Corps of Officers (whom I refer to as “Team 2007”), along with our mentors RWB Dennis Ing and WB Wilson Camagan and the rest of our very supportive Brethren in the columns we successfully maintained, if not improved on, the excellent reputation our Lodge enjoys – from the professional manner we conduct our meetings to the superb degree conferrals.

I also believe this year we not only sustained, but also improved, the already fine camaraderie amongst us with our families participating in our activities. Our “Easter Egg Hunting” for our keikis was a resounding success that was enjoyed by all, and our night of “Tribute to Our Lodge Widows” brought smiles to everyone’s faces as well as fond memories of wonderful times gone by to those in attendance at the event. I will always cherish the opportunity of having hosted, on behalf of our Lodge, a special night of Thanksgiving where we all gathered as one family – with all seats in our banquet hall occupied! I am hopeful these recent additions to our great roster of regular social events will be perpetuated and supported to at least better our inter-relationships and practice the real meaning of the spirit of Brotherhood!

This being my final message from the East, I thank all of you for the confidence you entrusted me; it certainly meant a lot. To RWB Dennis Ing, WB Wilson Camagan and WB Tony Ligaya – you continued to inspire me with your dedication and words of wisdom; I can never thank you enough for your support and assistance to my officers and myself throughout the year – my sin- cerest thanks! I am also grateful to all our Committee members for their assistance. To my Corps of Officers – you probably never realized the difference you made this year through your many hours of hard work – many thanks to all of you.

I wish the incoming officers the best as they carry on with the finest traditions of Hawaiian Lodge; you can do it . . .

My wife Alma, and my children Joshua and April, join me in wishing you our best for your health, happiness and prosperity throughout the coming New Year!

See you in Lodge! 03 FROM THE WEST By: Orlando S. Ragudos Senior Warden

TIME, PATIENCE AND PERSEVERANCE

I am profoundly grateful for the fulfillment of another great year as I reflect those many good deeds we have made throughout our lives, our families and our Brotherhood. We started 2007 with lots of planning and dreams to make it memorable, exciting and full of challenges, and indeed, we pro- gressively met them. All of us will close the current year with lots of memories as we continue to pursue our dreams and hopes. As it is said, “Time really flies when you’re having fun”, and if I may add, “well occupied!” Let us continue to have fun as we look forward to an even more prosperous new year. Personally, I will continue to learn and grow along with my Brethren as I enjoin everyone to keep faith in God and practice what we learned in our Fraternity each day!

Each of us must be the best persons we can be while on this earth -- as Brothers, as Masons, as Fa- thers, as Husbands, as Sons, as Friends. As Masons, we should be actively engaged in and be respon- sive to the affairs of our Lodge, and observe the teachings of the Supreme Architect of the Universe.

Meeting our goals in life requires not only practice, devotion, dedication and knowing what to do and where to go for help when necessary; most of all, we need perseverance. It has always been proven that “when the going gets tough, the tough gets going” only as a result of one’s tenacity and perseverance to keep on keeping on until the goal is met!

My personal challenges to serve the Lodge and Masonry has never stopped, and I only wish and hope that you will all join me to seek and constantly practice the tenets of Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth.

As I reflect on this year’s good times spent with lots of laughter and close bonding among us, I can honestly say, ”If we let ourselves to be Masons in accordance with our teachings and our own per- sonal religious beliefs, we will surely feel as one and act like one -- and the Lodge is the place to start. Those Wednesday night meetings of three or more hours at the Lodge are not at all to be taken as sacrifice, but rather to express sincerity, brotherly love, truth and respect among each other, to grow and prosper in the Craft. I am so thankful to be a part of this Fraternity of well respected men, who are ever willing to extend a helping hand and serve a common goal for the goodness of all.

I will be forever grateful to our two great coaches -- WM Wilson Camagan and RW Dennis Ing -- not only for their excellent knowledge of our ritual that is worthy of emulation, but especially for their unwavering support, along with that of WB Ed Abutin who has indeed been an inspiring guru to me, as well as to all of this year’s Officers, from whom I’ve learned to absorb those necessary instructions to help Hawaiian Lodge maintain its excellent reputation in this Jurisdiction.

As we bring 2007 to a close in anticipation of ushering in an even better year, I thank all of you, brethren, for allowing me to serve you as Senior Warden. My prayers go to all of you and your families and I look forward to a healthier and more prosperous 2008!

See you in Lodge . . .

04 FROM THE SOUTH By: Alexander A. Escasa Junior Warden

Season’s Greetings from the South!

Wow! There goes 2007 and here comes 2008. By the time this issue of Cable Tow is circulated, we would have completed the 2008 Installation of Officers, our festive annual Christmas party and of course, the crammed shopping we undertake just to keep the young and almost young at heart jolly and satisfied when Santa arrives at Christmas.

As echoed by our outgoing and incoming Masters, we are truly confident for an even better Masonic year this 2008. My tenure in the South this past year had been very rewarding with the superb support and ‘esprit de corps’ of our brethren, officers, families and friends. I extend my deepest appreciation to the Senior and Junior Stewards, Brothers James Corley and Roland Resurreccion, who had kept our members very satisfied with their untiring preparation of those delectable refreshments every Wednesday. Quite impressive are our officers’ coaches, Worshipful Wilson Camagan and RW Dennis Ing who have heartedly shared their immense knowledge, relentless support and guidance with regards to our ritual work. We hope someone will be able to follow in your footsteps someday!

As we start this New Year, may we have all the joys and laughter, good luck, good health and cheer. Always remember the star that shone so bright and cast its glow throughout the earth should keep the spirit of Christmas all year this 2008! Finally, my love and appreciation go to my wife Rexie and the rest of my family for their steadfast caring and support throughout the years.

See you all at the Lodge…

05 HERBERT GORDON GARDINER March 15, 1921 – November 6, 2007

Herbert G. Gardiner was the John Rodgers Airport born on March 15, 1921 (now Honolulu Interna- in Albany, New York. tional Airport) hangar. His very early years were In those early years he spent in Newark, New taught at a vocational Jersey. At about 10, his school at night as well. family moved to the Washington Heights area After being promoted to of New York City. He a management position, attended Harran High he was transferred to the School, which was a FAA offices in town. He vocational school, and always missed the work graduated as an aircraft mechanic. Since and his friends at the hangar, and main- his high school years were during the De- tained contact with them throughout his pression, he had decided that this would career. His job responsibilities included be a good vocation since there was no maintenance contracts and regula- chance of obtaining any higher education. tory compliance inspections of aircraft While he was in high school he worked throughout the Pacific region. As a in his parent’s grocery store. For a brief result he traveled extensively, including to period after graduation, he worked in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Philip- the “garment district” in NYC. He then pines, and Guam. He worked very closely obtained an aircraft mechanic job, first in with Air America, Air Asia, and Civil Air Baltimore, and then at Patterson Airfield Transport. His career progressed until he in Fairfield, Ohio. retired in 1980 as the Assistant Chief for the Aircraft Management Branch of the On February 15, 1942, at the age of 20, Pacific Region. He had been offered many he arrived in Hawaii. He had volunteered promotions that would have required to help in the war effort following the moving to the mainland, but he always attack at Pearl Harbor on December 7, declined the offers because he would not 1941. He was first assigned to Hickam leave Hawaii. Army/Air Force Base as an aircraft mechanic in calibration. Some months In 1946, he married Virginia (Gin) later he transferred to Wheeler Air Base. Hammond. Within a couple of years, After the war, he worked as a mechanic they bought a house in Manoa, where he for the CAA (later to become the Federal resided ever since. They had two girls, Aviation Administration). He worked at Janet (also deceased) and Kathy. In Gin’s 06 family, he became the favorite Uncle broadcasts for many years. Herb. Gin and Herb were happily mar- ried for many years. Unfortunately, Gin He loved foods of just about any ethnic succumbed to the long, sad progression origin. He remembered his Russian of Alzheimer’s disease. She was not aware grandmothers being very good bak- of their 50th wedding anniversary. His ers, but both prepared entirely different favorite (and only!) grandson, Kevin, was foods from each other. He thrived in the born in 1988. Herb loved his grandson, deli section of his parents’ grocery store! and was proud of all of his accomplish- Hawaii has a multitude of cuisines that he ments. His last trip to the mainland was regularly enjoyed. Unfortunately, in later for Kevin’s graduation from high school in years, he had to severely limit his diet due 2006. to his heart and kidney problems. He was extremely disciplined in adhering to his Among the many organizations he be- special diets. Even in his last few days he longed to was NARFE (National Associa- was adamant that he could not eat certain tion of Retired Federal Employees). This foods, although his family did manage to is where he met Virginia Makinney, his convince him to eat a few of his favorite current beloved wife. They were married foods. in 2001. In their short time together, they lived life to the fullest. There was more Of particular interest is the fact that he traveling including a trip to China, which studied mechanical drawing in the 7th was a place Herb wanted to see for most grade. This is a skill he learned well and of his life. utilized throughout his life. In addition to using this skill intermittently during There are many interesting tidbits that his career, he used it for designing home come to mind when remembering Herb projects and remodeling his house. He Gardiner. He recalled seeing the Airship became very adept in several trade skills. Hindenburg fly over him on the day it This seems somewhat startling since he crashed in Lakehurst, New Jersey. During had grown up in the big city/apartment his early years in Hawaii, he lived at Hale environment, where the “super” took care Pohaku Loa in Haleiwa. He happened to of all those types of things. He was a very watch the tidal wave of 1946 from that good carpenter. Besides remodeling and house. He and his roommates immedi- adding onto his house, he could do very ately combed the beach, seeing all kinds fine finishing work as well; such as elegant of fish flopping around after the water picture frames, vanities, cabinets, furni- had retreated. None of them had any ture, etc., all from pieces of raw lumber. idea of what they had just witnessed. He He was a good electrician. He personally developed an interest in shortwave radio. wired most of his house. He laid cement He rigged up extensive antenna systems for his garage, detailed pathways through on the property and listened to shortwave his gardens, a koi pond, and a turtle pond 07 (for Kathy’s turtles). And, of course he available space in his house. And, in later was mechanical; he worked on the family years, printouts from the internet were cars, and it seemed he could fix just about found everywhere. He read and studied anything. material related to all of his hobbies. By far, his favorite interest was history. This He developed a strong interest in garden- was demonstrated by his research and ar- ing. He landscaped the entire Manoa ticles while serving as Grand Historian of property by himself. He divided the yard the Grand Lodge of Hawaii. In his later into a Hawaiian section and a Japanese years, he could not physically continue garden, with meticulous attention to participating in all of his hobbies. He was detail. He had dozens of books on all as- resigned to his physical limitations and pects of gardening. He added dish gardens made the most of his abilities. He did to his list of interests, first creating some continue with the dish garden creations for Gin in her last cognizant years. In and continued with his reading, research- recent years, when he could not get down ing, and writing. Faced with the possibil- into his yard, he put more energy into the ity of having to undergo kidney dialysis dish gardens. These were very detailed. he began to learn about laptop computers, Family and friends often encouraged him envisioning that he could use the com- to sell his creations, but he never wanted puter during the many hours he would to. have to remain immobilized. At the time of his last hospitalization, he had taken Another hobby was tropical fish. Through two books with him, one of which was the years, he had assorted aquariums, both “Laptops for Dummies”. inside and outside of the house, besides the koi pond. He could make a fish tank He was an active member of Hawaiian out of anything, such as an old refrigera- Lodge, having been initiated therein on tor. He had dozens of tanks of varying August 11, 1954, passed on November volumes, anywhere from 10 gallons to 90 17, 1954, and raised on January 19, gallons. For a period of time he even tried 1955. He also became a plural member of salt water fish. He and a friend created a Lodge Le Progres de l’Oceanie in Janu- “slurp gun” to catch the fish when snor- ary, 1991. He was presented the Hiram keling (a somewhat tricky feat, when he Award in November 1992 in recognition didn’t know how to swim)! And, all of the of his many years of dedicated service to aquariums had custom-made surrounding the Craft, and on January 19, 2005 Herb shelving, or cabinetry, to house the tanks. was awarded as a Golden Veteran; he was proud of his 50 year pin. He passed away Although he often kidded about barely on November 6, 2007. finishing high school, he had a lifelong passion for education and learning. He was an avid reader. Books filled every 08 DUKE PAOA KAHANAMOKU 1890-1968 By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian

His full name was Duke Paoa Kahinu who was a very modest and unassuming Makoe Hulikoholoi Kahanamoku To his man, although always getting a chuckle of friends he was “Duke.” The rest of the being thought of as royalty, never hesi- world knew him as Duke Paoa Kahana- tated to set the record straight about his moku the Hawaiian World Champion lineage. Surfer. In his youth Duke became a master Duke Kahanamoku was one of the many surfer using the now obsolete sixteen-foot prominent members of Hawaiian Lodge Koa-wood surf board that weighed 114 No. 21, F.& A.M. when the Hawaii pounds, a far cry from today’s small, light Lodges were under the Grand Lodge of weight fiberglass boards California. He was raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason on October 30, In 1910, Duke developed what he called, 1946, exalted a Royal Arch Mason in “The Hawaiian crawl,” a basic swimming Honolulu Chapter No.1 on December 4, competition stroke later known as “The 1952; received and greeted a Royal and American Crawl.” Select Master in Honolulu Council No. 1 on December 4, 1952; and dubbed and Duke Kahanamoku won an AAU meet created a Knight Templar in the Honolu- in Honolulu Harbor, by breaking United lu Commandery No.1 on April 16, 1953. States records for the 100- and 50-yard sprints. He subsequently went on to Duke was born in Haleakala, Maui. He the Stockholm Olympics in 1912, and was the son of Duke Halapu and Julia swept the swimming events, setting a Paoakalania Lonokahini Kahanamoku. world record for the 100- meter event. He had six brothers and three sisters. He received a wreath from King Gustave Duke attended the Waikiki Grammar of Sweden when he was heralded the School, Kaahumanu School, and the “Bronze Duke of Waikiki.” In the same Kamehameha School for Boys. year he broke his own record at Ham- burg, Germany. When Duke’s name became a household name due to his swimming feats many In 1915, he introduced surfing to Austra- people thought he was of Hawaiian Roy- lia. On his return to Hawaii he worked as alty because of his name. It was assumed a water meter reader, worked on surveys, by many folks that he actually was a Duke and also became a Beach Boy. and that it was his royal title. In 1916, Duke broke more records with Duke was named after his father who was his distinctive swimming style. Dur- named Duke after the Duke of Edin- ing World War I, when the Olympics burgh who visited Hawaii in 1869. Duke were canceled he made a mainland tour

09 demonstrating his skill to raise money for Indonesian Chief in the movie version of the Red Cross. At almost 30 years of age, Garland Roark’s best selling high drama he beat his own 100-meter freestyle record novel “The Wake of The Red Witch” at the Antwerp Olympics, by making the which starred John Wayne. In 1965, Duke course in one minute flat. Kahanamoku was selected as a charter member of the Swimming Hall of Fame. Duke began a Hollywood film career in He became one of the twenty-six all-time the late 1920’s playing Polynesians and sports champions in 1967. The following American Indians--everything except year he was named to the first Surfing Hall Hawaiians. He lost his title in the 1924, of Fame. Duke Kahanamoku’s name is Paris Olympics to Johnny Weissmuller. perpetuated in the annual World Surfing On June 14, 1925, Duke Kahanamoku Championships. became a national hero when he rescued on his surf board eight of the twelve men In 1990, a 17-foot bronze statue of Duke saved from a capsized fishing boat in high holding a surf board with one arm and the surf off Newport Beach, California. He other outstretched was erected in front of won medals in the 1928, Olympics and Kuhio Beach in Waikiki. returned to Honolulu working as a janitor at the City Hall. In 2002 the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative “Duke Kahana- In 1932, he failed to place in the Olympic moku” 37-cent stamp. swimming trials but won a spot on the United States Water Polo team, thus ap- Duke married Nadine Alexander in 1940. pearing in four Olympic competitions in In later years after his death, along with twenty years. other Hawaiian Lodge widows Nadine fre- quently attended Lodge social functions. Back in Honolulu Duke was operating a Nadine died in 1997, at age 92. gasoline service station, when in 1934, he was elected sheriff of Honolulu, a largely ceremonial office which he held until it was abolished in 1961; he was then ap- pointed Official City of Honolulu Greeter. This was a role that Duke was very com- fortable with and he proved to be a highly successful natural born one-man visitor’s bureau. In his inimitable friendly manner Duke personified the “Aloha Spirit” of his native Hawaii.

Duke was a familiar figure at Waikiki Beach and was known to thousands of visitors to the Islands. Duke returned to Hollywood for a brief spell after World War II and had a supporting role as an

10 PRINCE LOT KAPUAIWA KAMEHAMEHA THE FIRST FULL BLOODED HAWAIIAN FREEMASON By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian

This article is reprinted with permission of the Pacific explorer and navigator, and the first author for the Northern California Research Westerner to discover the Hawaiian Islands Lodge, with thanks to Wor. Bro. Jorge Soto. was a Freemason. The exact date that the first Hawaiians discovered the Islands is Prince Lot Kamehameha was the grand- unknown, but most archaeologists tend to son of Kamehameha the Great, who in agree that they have been here close to a 1810 completed the unification of the millennium, give or take a few years. Cook Hawaiian Islands and founded the Kingdom is considered by most scholars to be the first of Hawaii by a combination of conquest Westerner to discover the Islands, and this and a treaty, and became its first ruler. He he did on Sunday morning, January is also known as Kamehameha I, and is 18, 1778. sometimes described as “The Lonely One.” He established the Kamehameha dynasty, There are some individuals who claim which ended with the death of his grand- that the Spanish navigator, Juan Gaetano son, Kamehameha V. The native Hawaiian discovered the Islands in 1555, but the people regard Kamehameha I, as one of event did not become well known, while on their greatest heroes. The nation he created the other hand, Cook’s exploits were widely came to an abrupt end on January 17, 1893, publicized. In any case, virtually all histori- when Queen Lili’uokalani was deposed, ans credit Captain James Cook with being and along with her departure the Monarchy the first Westerner to discover our Islands. vanished. It was then that the Provisional His expedition consisted of two converted Government became the ruling power of the colliers, the HMS Discovery, and the HMS Hawaiian Islands. Resolution, with a combined crew of 192 officers and men. The Sailing Master was Kamehameha the Great was born between William Bligh, who thirteen years later 1753 and 1760, at Kohala on the northern commanded the HMS Bounty which ended side of the big Island of Hawaii, and died in the most widely known mutiny in mari- on May 8 1819. Captain James Cook, the time history. famous Pacific navigator and explorer, and the first Westerner to discover our Islands, Captain Cook named the Islands the saw Kamehameha as a young warrior, when “Sandwich Islands,” in honor of his friend along with his uncle Kalaniopuu the Ruling and patron, John Montagu, Fourth Earl of Chief of Kohala, they visited Cook’s ships in Sandwich, and First Lord of the Admiralty, November of 1788. On February 14, 1789, the name which the Islands were known by Kamehameha was wounded by gunfire in for many years. the fight at the beach when Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay on the Island of Hawaii. In spite of the oft-told claim that Captain James Cook was a Freemason, this has never Some accounts of Freemasonry in Hawaii been confirmed. The United Grand Lodge have recorded that Captain James Cook of England has advised us that a thorough considered by many to be the greatest search of their Grand Lodge Register going 11 back to the 18th Century, did not include young man. At the age of eighteen he had his name, and that no evidence in their traveled along with his brother Alexander archives indicated that Cook was ever a Liholiho in the care of Dr. Garrit Parmele Freemason. Judd, minister of finance, on a diplomatic mission to France, Great Britain, and the Prince Lot Kapuaiwa Kamehameha was United States, where they traveled exten- born on December 11, 1830. His mother sively in all three countries. Their voyage was Kinau the daughter of Kamehameha the also included stops at Panama, Acapulco, Great. She became the Kuhina nui, in 1832. Jamaica, and Havana. Lot and Alexander His father was Mataio Kekuanaoa, a descen- served as Judd’s secretaries, and both kept dent of the Chiefs of the Island of Oahu. He diaries. They departed Honolulu on Septem- had also been the governor of Oahu as well ber 11, 1849, and returned on September 9, as a member of the House of Nobles and the 1850. The young men met President Zach- privy council. ary Taylor of the United States, and French President Louis Napoleon who shortly after The Kuhina nui is commonly translated became Emperor Napoleon III. They also into English as a “prime minister” or “pre- met Lord Palmerston, and Prince Albert in mier,” but neither of these interpretations Great Britain. They did not see Queen Vic- are correct, the office had no counterpart toria, who was indisposed awaiting the birth in any European or American government. of a child. In each of the three countries, The constitution of 1840 defined the role they met a host of dignitaries. There is no of the Kuhina nui as follows: All business doubt that the year of traveling in foreign connected with the special interests of the countries, observing and mixing with people kingdom, which the King wishes to transact, of totally different cultures than their own, shall be done by the Kuhina nui under the and meeting with heads of state, greatly en- authority of the King. All documents and hanced their education, and had a profound business of the kingdom executed by the impact on how each governed Hawaii when Kuhina nui, shall be considered as executed he became its King. by the King’s authority. The Kuhina nui shall be the King’s special counselor in the great It has been speculated that the experiences business of the kingdom. The King shall not of Lot and Alexander on the trip greatly act without the knowledge of the Kuhina contributed to their anti-annexation attitude nui, nor shall the Kuhina nui act without toward the United States, and reinforced the knowledge of the King, and the veto of their aristocratic tendencies. Prince Alex- the King on the acts of the Kuhina nui shall ander was obviously very much impressed arrest the business. All important business by the British, which was later reflected in of the kingdom which the King chooses many of his actions when he became King. to transact in person, he may do it but not His unfortunate experience as they were without the approbation of the Kuhina nui. leaving Washington, D.C. by train, when It was a unique system of dual executive gov- a conductor tried to put him out of a car ernment, and it came about with the death because of his color, certainly had a negative of Kamehameha the Great. The Kuhina nui impact on Alexander’s attitude about the was the bane of the Kings that immediately United States. When Lot became Kame- followed Kamehameha the Great. hameha V, he abolished the Constitution of 1852, which contained numerous American Prince Lot was an intelligent educated political concepts. 12 start negotiations with David L. Gregg, the A fundamental concern of both Prince American Consul, who was also a Freema- Lot and Prince Alexander, was to keep their son, for the United States to take-over the small Island Kingdom an independent na- Island Kingdom. The plan was immediately tion, and to prevent it from being annexed scrapped when Prince Alexander became by any foreign country, be it the United King Kamehameha IV, after the death of his States, Great Britain, or France, who were uncle. the three great foreign maratime powers with interests in Hawaii. The anti-American Prince Lot, who had gained considerable attitude of each of the Princes had evolved experience in conducting the affairs of the mainly from the fact that the largest foreign kingdom during the reign of his brother population was American, and many of Kamehameha IV, ascended the throne upon them made no secret of their desire to bring the death of his brother who had no heirs, Hawaii into the American fold. This was on November 30, 1863. The following proc- based primarily on business and political lamation was issued by Her Royal Highness, considerations. Princess Victoria Kamamalu, sister of Prince Lot: Kamehameha III, the uncle of Lot and Alexander, had earlier experienced the It has pleased Almighty God to close the take-over of his Kingdom by the British earthly career of King Kamehameha IV, at a under Lord George Paulet on February 25, quarter past 9 o’clock this morning, I, as Kuhi- 1843, for a five month period before it was na Nui, by and with the advice of the Privy terminated by the British Rear Admiral, Council of State, hereby Proclaim, Prince Lot Richard Thomas, on July 31, 1843. Due Kamehameha, King of the Hawaiian Islands, to recent French demands and unpleasant under the style and title of Kamehameha V. experiences with aggressive French military God Preserve the King! officers in the past, the King feared that Given at the Palace, this thirtieth day of France was strongly considering making November, 1863. Hawaii a French protectorate. Earlier, (Signed) Kaahumanu Captain Petit-Thouars of the French war- ship “Venus” who in a visit to the Islands in Note: It was quite common for the Kuhina 1837, had appointed Jules Dudoit French Nui to take the name Kaahumanu, who was consul in Hawaii, had taken over the Society the original Kuhina Nui. and Marquesas Islands in 1844, as French protectorates. King Kamehameha V believed in a strong monarchy, and ruled his Kingdom As an interesting aside, it was in Jules with a firm hand. He did not believe that Dudoit’s store that Lodge le Progres de his people could at the time, manage a l’Oceanie No.124. A.A.S.R. the oldest democracy. In his Constitution of 1864, Lodge in Hawaii was founded on April 8, which strengthened the monarchy, he also 1843. abolished the office of Kuhina nui. Because of Kamehameha V’s inclination to rule the Because of his personal experiences with Kingdom in many ways that followed the the British and the French, Kamehameha III pattern of his grandfather Kamehameha the authorized Robert C. Wyllie, his Minister Great, Lot was called “the last of Foreign Affairs, who was a Freemason, to great chief of the olden type.” 13

Mark Twain arrived in Honolulu on Young Prince Lot was the first member of March 18, 1866, and remained in the the Royalty to show an interest in the Craft. Islands for four months. In describing King On Friday evening, June 10, 1853, Secretary Kamehameha V, Twain wrote “There was Joseph Irwin read the petition of Prince Lot no royal nonsense about him...he dressed Kamehameha for membership in Hawaiian plainly, poked about Honolulu, night or day Lodge No. 21, Free and Accepted Masons, on his old horse, unattended; he was popu- which was just about one year after the lar, greatly respected, and even beloved.” Lodge had been Chartered. On June 13th Mark Twain was a Freemason and visited the Prince was elected to receive the degrees Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 F.& A.M. during of Freemasonry, and on Wednesday, June 15, his sojourn in the Islands. 1853, Prince Lot was initiated an Entered Apprentice Mason. On Thursday, December When Prince Lot at the age of 23, became 8, 1853, the Prince was passed to the degree interested in Freemasonry there were only of Fellow Craft Mason. The following year, two Masonic Lodges in Honolulu, Lodge on the evening of Monday, February 27, le Progres de l’Oceanie No. 124, Ancient 1854, Prince Lot Kamehameha was raised and Accepted Scottish Rite of the Supreme to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason, Council of France, and Hawaiian Lodge and became the first full blood Hawaiian to No. 21, Free & Accepted Masons under the become a Freemason. Grand Lodge of California. These Lodges were in obedience to Grand Lodges halfway On January 14, 1857, Prince Lot’s Brother around the world from each other with the King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liho- closest one over 2,00 miles East of Hawaii. liho) was initiated an Entered Apprentice, The Lodges had been chartered during the and passed to the degree of Fellow Craft, reign of Kamehameha III, (Kauikeaouli), the in Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie No.124, uncle of Prince Lot. A.A.S.R. Among the visiting brethren were: Prince Lot; His Excellency, Robert C. Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie No.124, Wyllie, Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Kingdom of Hawaii; the Honorable David (A.A.S.R.) was the first Masonic Lodge to be L. Gregg, United States Consul; Dr. Thomas constituted in the Sandwich Islands. It was C.B. Rooke, Father-in-law of the King, founded by Monsieur Joseph Marie Le Tel- and Joseph Irwin, both of Hawaiian Lodge. lier, Captain of the French whaling barque Robert G. Davis, who was a member of the “Ajax” on April 8, 1843, of the Ancient and Hawaiian legislature and a Justice of the Accepted Scottish Rite for the Supreme Supreme Court, was the Worshipful Master Council of France. of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie. After the work of the Lodge was completed, a banquet Hawaiian Lodge No.21, Free and Ac- was held at the “Hotel de France” with the cepted Masons was Chartered by the Grand King as the principal guest. There were Lodge of California on May 5, 1852, and about twenty-five people present, including was the first American Lodge to be instituted Robert G. Davis the Master of the Lodge, in the Island Kingdom. Its Charter shows and David L. Gregg the American Consul. the location of the Lodge to be in the city of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, of the Sandwich Some months before the conferral of Islands. the Entered Apprentice and Fellow Craft 14 degrees on Kamehameha IV, The Grand Lodge of California, on May 12, 1856, had On February 25, 1857, Prince Lot was placed an interdiction on Lodge le Progres tried and found guilty. However, “upon due de l’Oceanie, forbidding the members of consideration he was excused from punish- Hawaiian Lodge No.21, F. &A.M. from ment.” Many years later a Lodge historian having any association or communication noted “This no doubt rankled the Royal with Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie No.124, personage because on March 2, 1857, a A.A.S.R. This meant no inter-Lodge visita- request for a dimit was received from him tions. The events that led to the Interdic- by Hawaiian Lodge and on motion, was tion are complex and beyond the scope of granted.” This assessment of Prince Lot’s re- this paper. However, it is quite reasonable action to being tried was undoubtedly pretty to assume that if the present state-of-the-art close to the mark. From that time on Prince communications systems were available at Lot never affiliated with another Lodge, not the time, and had the brethren with a more even his brother’s Lodge, and he remained understanding nature prevailed, the Grand an un-affiliated Mason for the rest of his life. Lodge of California would not have had cause to issue the interdiction notice. But In 1857, Hawaiian Lodge had fifty-four that episode is a story in itself. members, plus four Entered Apprentices, but ten members had withdrawn; which Prince Lot had apparently decided that included Prince Lot; Dr. T.C.B. Rooke, Jr. since Alexander Liholiho who was indeed his who had been Junior Warden and was the “Blood Brother” and was also His Maj- father-in-law of King Kamehameha IV; esty, King Kamehameha IV, the reigning Henry A. Neilson, private secretary to King Monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, he Kamehameha IV; and Henry Sea. As an (Prince Lot) was going to be on hand to interesting note, Sea served as the Secretary congratulate his brother on his entry into of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie for a few the Craft. Obviously young Prince Lot was years. On December 28, 1857, Dr. Rooke greatly impressed by the Fraternity, and was joined Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie, and on happy that his brother was about to become January 10, 1858, he became a Warden. a Freemason. So he along with two other members of Hawaiian Lodge, attended the In retrospect it seems that the entire affair conferral of the First and Second degrees on involving Prince Lot could have been man- his brother King Kamehameha IV, despite aged more discretely, and handled in a far the interdiction. less conspicuous manner so that it would not have been offensive or embarrassing to The joy of the occasion was short lived, the Prince. It more than likely would have for on Monday evening, February 2, 1857, resulted in his not getting a dimit. Naturally Prince Lot Kamehameha along with the it is only proper that as a member of the other two brethren was charged by Hawai- Lodge, he would be expected to abide by its ian Lodge for violating the interdiction. In rules just like any other member. However, the mean time, on February 8, 1857, King given the extraordinary circumstances of Kamehameha IV was raised to the Sublime Prince Lot’s situation as a Prince of the Degree of Master Mason in Lodge le Progres Realm by birth, a grandson of Kamehameha de l’Oceanie. After the degree was conferred, the Great, the heir apparent to the throne, the King invited the brethren to the Palace and the first full blooded Hawaiian to be- for refreshments. come a Freemason, and whose only offense 15 was to be present when his “blood” brother ing request to the Masonic Fraternity: was initiated into the Masonic Fraternity, one cannot help question the necessity of Prince Lot being tried at all, the interdiction Acting G.M. Cartwright, Dear Sir: notwithstanding. There can be no denying that he had an extremely compelling reason It is the desire of His Majesty, the King, to attend the ceremony. His doing so, obvi- that the Cornerstone of the new Government ously demonstrated the strong affection he Building be laid with Masonic ceremonies. I had for his brother and the high esteem in therefore request the “Fraternity” through you which he held the Masonic Fraternity. It cer- as acting G.M. of Free and Accepted Masons tainly was not a mischievous prank, nor was in Honolulu, to take the Necessary measures to it an act that would discredit Freemasonry. carry out that object. Being tried was no doubt offensive to Prince Lot and probably caused him some humili- I propose Monday the 19 inst., at 11 A.M. ation. Ironically, the only reason that Free- as a convenient time for the ceremony. masonry was allowed to operate and flourish freely and openly in the Island Kingdom in Believe me with the highest respect, the first place, was because Prince Lot’s uncle Kamehameha III, had granted members of Yours truly, the Craft permission to establish Hawaiian Fred W. Hutchinson Lodge and Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie. The breach between the two Lodges was healed in 1859, during the reign of Kame- On Monday, February 19, 1872, the hameha IV. Cornerstone was laid in the Masonic tradi- tion by the members of Hawaiian Lodge and Other than receiving a dimit and remain- Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie. The brethren ing an un-affiliated Mason for the rest of his formed in front of the Hall of Lodge le Pro- life, Prince Lot apparently took the entire gres de l’Oceanie, and under the direction incident in his stride, and neither said nor of the Marshal of the Kingdom, William C. did anything more about it. Considering Parke, a member of Hawaiian Lodge, the the patronage that his brother King Kame- procession marched to the site. A viewing hameha IV, and later King David Kalakaua, stand had been erected over a portion of the extended to the Freemasons of Hawaii, foundation of the building for the King, along with their active participation in the his staff, the ladies of the Court and high Masonic activities of the times, there can be government officials. The working tools were no doubt that the Craft sustained some loss presented to His Majesty the King, who, of Royal patronage, but more importantly, with the assistance of A.J. Cartwright, the was the loss of the contribution that he Acting Grand Master, spread the cement be- could have made to the Craft as Prince Lot, neath the Cornerstone, and the Band played and later as King Kamehameha V. “God Save the King.”

As King Kamehameha V the un-affiliated Freemasonry and politics aside, one of Mason, Lot did not abandon Freemasonry the legacies of Kamehameha V in a lighter entirely. When Aliiolani Hale, later the Ju- vein, was establishing the Royal Hawaiian diciary Building, was to be erected, the King Military Band. The King arranged to bring had his Minister of Finance send the follow- Heinrich (later Henry) Berger, assistant 16 bandmaster of an elite Prussian infantry regi- EPILOGUE ment to Honolulu. Berger arrived on June 2, 1872, and immediately formed and directed In the 159 years since the first Masonic what later became the world famous Royal Lodge in Hawaii was founded in 1843, Hawaiian Military Band, and also became Freemasonry has seen five different govern- one of the most cherished institutions in ments rule the Islands. The monarchy was the Hawaii. He held the position for forty-three first ruling power, which was followed by the years. It is now known as the Royal Hawai- Provisional Government in 1893. The PG as ian Band. it was often referred to, was succeeded by the Republic of Hawaii in 1894. Hawaii was The perennial favorite “Aloha Oe” (I’ll annexed by the United States on August 12, Wait for Thee), was written by Her Royal 1898, but the Territorial Government, was not Highness Princess Lili’uokalani in 1878. It established until June 14, 1900. This in turn was introduced to the American public by led to Hawaii eventually becoming the 50th the Royal Hawaiian Military Band under State in 1959. the direction of Henry Berger, in a competi- tion at the Knights Templar Conclave in San Both Hawaiian Lodge and Lodge le Progres Francisco in August 1883. The Band took de l’Oceanie are still functioning today. In the contest by storm with “Aloha Oe” and 1905, Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie transferred it became an instant success. Within a short its allegiance from the Supreme Council of time it became known the world over, and to France to the Grand Lodge of California. The this day it is synonymous with the Hawai- Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and ian Islands. The words to “Aloha Oe” are Accepted Masons of the State of Hawaii was preserved on a bronze plaque inlaid in a lava instituted in Honolulu on May 20, 1989, at boulder at Washington Place, which at one which time both Lodges came under the newly time was the home of Queen Lili’uokalani, formed Grand Lodge. Prior to the formation of and is presently the residence of the Gover- the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons nor of the State of Hawaii. of the State of Hawaii, all Hawaii Lodges were under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of King Lot Kamehameha V, the first native California. Hawaiian to become a Freemason, and the last of the Kamehameha dynasty, died * * * * * a bachelor on December 11, 1872, it was Note No.1. The author is a Past Grand his forty-second birthday. Hawaiian Lodge Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Hawaii, and prepared a resolution which was read to the presently the Grand Historian of the Grand- brethren and placed in the minutes of the Lodge of Hawaii. He is a member of Hawai- Lodge, and also sent a letter of condolence ian Lodge, Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie, and to his half-sister, Her Royal Highness, Prin- was a charter member of the King Kalakaua cess Ruth Keelikolani. A Masonic funeral Daylight Lodge which turned in its charter in ceremony was conducted for Lot Kame- 1999, and is no longer a functioning lodge. hameha V, by Hawaiian Lodge and Lodge le The author is also a member of, and secretary Progres de l’Oceanie, at the Royal Mau- for Hawaii of the Correspondence Circle of soleum on January 7, 1873. The Masonic Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076. apron which he had received as an Entered Apprentice, was placed on the coffin. Honolulu, Hawaii March 15, 2002

17 MASONIC DIRECTORY, TERRITORY OF HAWAII 1908 By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian

In 1908 The Masonic Directory of the Ter- In 1908 the City & County of Honolulu ritory of Hawaii listed five Masonic Lodges was created with Joseph James Fern as its in the Islands. They were Hawaiian Lodge first Mayor. Walter F. Frear was appointed No.21, F.& A.M., Pacific Lodge No.822, Governor of Hawaii by President Roosevelt. A.F. & A.M., Oceanic Lodge No. 371, F & Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalaniianole was the A.M., Kilauea Lodge No. 330, F.& A.M., Territorial Delegate to Congress, and the and Maui Lodge No.984, A.F. & A.M. Hawaiian Pineapple Growers Association was founded and launched a successful In 1908 Theodore Roosevelt who was a campaign to popularize the consumption of Freemason was President of the United Pineapple. States. The U.S. Congress authorized the construction of Naval Station Honolulu at In 1908 the three Masonic Lodges on Oahu Pearl Harbor. were: Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 F&AM which had been chartered by the Grand In 1908 Mainly to impress Imperial Japan Lodge of California on May 5, 1852; that the U.S. Navy could shift from the Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie No. 124 had Atlantic to the Pacific President Roosevelt been constituted under he auspices of the ordered the “Great White Fleet” to sail Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of the Su- around the world. The fleet consisted of preme Council of France on April 8, 1843. sixteen new battleships of the Atlantic Fleet. However in 1905 the Lodge transferred its The battleships were painted white except allegiance to the Grand Lodge of California for the gilded scrollwork on their bows. and was designated Oceanic Lodge No. 371 The journey took fourteen months. The F & AM. In 1916 the Lodge requested and squadrons were manned by 14,000 sailors, was authorized to revert to its original name the voyage covered 43,000 miles and called and was designated Lodge le Progres de at twenty ports on six continents. Since the l’Oceanie No. 371. Pacific Lodge No. 822 Panama Canal was still under construction A.F. & A.M. was organized by dispensation the fleet sailed through the Straits of Magel- on January 4, 1895, through the District lan near the southern tip of South America. Grand Lodge of Queensland, Australia The armada arrived in Honolulu on July (Scottish Constitution) and was Chartered 16th and remained for six days. After many by the Grand Lodge of Scotland on August celebrations and luaus the fleet headed 1, 1895. for New Zealand. From there the armada continued on around the world returning to The first Lodge constituted on the Island of Hampton Roads, Virginia on February 22, Maui was Chartered by the Grand Lodge of 1909. There President Roosevelt reviewed California as Maui Lodge No. 223 F&AM the Fleet as it returned home after complet- in 1872. The Lodge prospered for a few ing a highly successful voyage around the years but in 1877 surrendered its Charter world, a feat not previously accomplished due to a lack of participation. In 1904 the by any of the world’s leading naval powers. Brethren on the Island of Maui once again sought to establish a Lodge on the Island. 18 An inquiry to the Grand Lodge of Califor- good many years. nia failed to elicit any encouragement so the Maui Brethren contacted Henry Ernest Curtis Piehu Laukea, 1855-1940. Curtis Cooper Past Master of Hawaiian Lodge and Laukea served the Hawaiian Monarchy dur- founder of Pacific Lodge No. 822 under the ing the reign of King Kalakaua as a highly Grand Lodge of Scotland, for recommenda- competent One-man Diplomatic Corps. tions. It appears that Worshipful Brother He was sheriff of the County of Oahu from Cooper was the representative of the Grand 1906-1908. In 1909 he served a term in Lodge of Scotland in Hawaii at the time. the Territorial Senate. He was appointed As a result the Grand Lodge of Scotland on secretary of the Territory in 1917 and often February 2, 1905 Chartered Lodge Maui served as acting governor until his retire- No. 984 in Wailuku. ment in 1921. He became a member of the Achieves Commission and custodian of the The first Lodge to be constituted on the -Is throne room of Iolani Palace. Laukea had land of Hawaii was Kilauea Lodge No. 330, faithfully served the Hawaiian Monarchy, F. & A.M. located in Hilo in 1897. It was the Republic of Hawaii and the Territory of Chartered by the Grand Lodge of California. Hawaii. He was the most decorated man in Hawaii. Curtis Piehu Laukea was a member SOME PROMINENT BRETHREN OF of Pacific Lodge No. 822, A.F & A.M. HAWAII IN THE 1908 ERA Henry Ernest Cooper, 1857-1929. Henry Archibald Scott Cleghorn 1835-1910. Cooper became a Master Mason in a Lodge Cleghorn was the husband of Princess in San Diego, California in 1870. He was Miriam Kapili younger sister of King the Worshipful Master of Hawaiian Lodge David Kalakaua. Cleghorn was the father No. 21 in 1894. Cooper organized Pacific of Princess Victoria Kaiulani. He succeeded Lodge No. 822, A.F. & A.M. under the his brother-in-law John Dominis (husband Grand Lodge of Scotland through the of Queen Lili’uokalani) as Governor of then District Grand Lodge of Queensland, Hawaii. Cleghorn was the first president of Australia. He served as its first Master in Queen’s Hospital, and was a member of he 1895 and again in 1896. Cooper also served privy council under Kalakaua, the Board of as Deputy of the Orient of Hawaii for the Health, and the Board of Immigration. He Scottish Rite Bodies from 1896-1915. was Honolulu’s first park commissioner and became known as the father of Hawaii’s Park Henry Cooper was a member of the Com- System. He designed Thomas Square, Kawa- mittee of Safety and was a very close associ- iahao Church grounds, Royal Mausoleum ate of Lorrin Thurston, the leading advocate grounds and Kapiolani Park. Cleghorn’s to depose Queen Lili’uokalani. Along with mansion on Queen Emma street eventually Thurson, Cooper was actively involved in became the original Pacific Club of which establishing the Provisional Government, he was president for forty-six years. Cleg- the Republic of Hawaii and ultimately the horn became a Master Mason in Hawaiian annexation of Hawaii by the United States. Lodge No. 21, F & AM in December 1873. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in He was an active member of the Lodge and 1895. Cooper served in various key posi- served as a Trustee from 1882-1895. Ar- tions and served as Acting President of the chibald Scott Cleghorn was a highly valued Hawaii Republic for three months during advisor to the Hawaiian Monarchy for a the absence of President Sanford Dole. 19 road facilities on Oahu and the neighbor is- Unfortunately in the current highly charged lands. He later built on Hawaii what became atmosphere created by some elements known as the Hawaii Consolidated Railway. of the Hawaii population that castigates His son Walter F. Dillingham took over the anyone who supported deposing Queen operation of the various Dillingham business Liliu’okalani (Mrs. John Dominis), Henry activities around the time of the annexation. Ernest Cooper has virtually become a “Non- Ben Dillingham retired and enjoined the person” or, along with Lorrin Thurston realization of his dreams, but remained the is portrayed as one of the arch villains in President of Oahu Rail & Land Company Hawaiian History. To pursue the interest- until his death. ing and productive career of Henry Ernest Cooper would involve us in the realm of Lester Petrie, 1878-1956. Petrie was a politics...so, for the purpose of this paper member of Hawaiian Lodge No. 21, F & we’ll close this particular segment here with AM. He was a member of the Honolulu the knowledge that Henry Ernest Cooper Board of Supervisors from 1913 to 1930. was a dedicated Freemason and a very ca- Petrie was a territorial senator for four years pable public servant. and was Mayor of Honolulu during the years of WW II. He was Mayor from 1941 Benjamin Franklin Dillingham, to 1947. Lester Petrie was one of the Free- 1884-1918. Dillingham was a member of masons who helped to establish the Shriner’s Oceanic Lodge No. 371, F. & A. M. Ben Hospital for Crippled Children in Honolu- Dillingham was the founder of the Dilling- lu. Petrie was the Potentate in 1917 and The ham clan of Hawaii. He was the first officer Master of Hawaiian Lodge in 1920. of the bark “Whistler” which stopped in Honolulu in 1864. While riding along the Gerrit Parmale Wilder, 1863-193. Wilder shore he was thrown from the horse which was a member of Hawaiian Lodge No. 21, resulted in a long stay in the hospital. While F & AM. Wilder was born in Honolulu. He recovering he was befriended by the Rever- attended Punahou School and worked for end Lowell Smith whose daughter Emma the Kahului Railroad Company. In 1896 he Louise married Dillingham in 1869. Dilling- became its president. He retired from busi- ham gave up the life of a sailor and began ness two years later and devoted his entire a business career as a clerk in a hardware efforts to horticulture. In 1924 he earned a store. He subsequently bought the business master’s degree at the University of Hawaii and changed the name to Dillingham & and subsequently became an associate in Company. In 1889 he directed his efforts botany at the Berniice P. Bishop Museum. to linking Honolulu with the North Shore He made several expeditions to the South of Oahu by means of a railroad. Along with Pacific, Ceylon, the West Indies and other his associates he later obtained a franchise areas. Wilder introduced many plants and for the Oahu Steam Railway. “Dillingham’s trees into Hawaii. He also hybridized and Folly as some folks referred to it, laid 170 created many new varieties of Hibiscus. In miles of track and became the greatest single 1907 he published “Fruits of the Hawaiian factor in the agricultural development of Islands.” Oahu. By 1890 railroad operations were established on the Islands of Maui and Charles William Dickey, 1871-1942. Hawaii. Dillingham help to develop several Dickey was a member of Hawaiian Lodge Sugar Plantations by building extensive rail- No. 21, F & AM. Dickey was a graduate of 20 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soper headed the force that suppressed the He designed many buildings in Hawaii. Robert W. Wilcox rebellion in 1889 and Among the more notable were Kamehameha resigned again. Soper was recalled by the School for Boys, Montague Hall at Puna- Provisional Government to lead their forces, hou School, the Castle & Cooke Building, and it was under his command that the Waikiki, Varsity, Toyo, and Hilo Theaters; Hawaiian Monarchy was overthrown in a Halekulani Hotel, Kona inn, Naniloa Hotel bloodless takeover. He also suppressed the in Hilo; Wilcox Memorial Hospital at Lihue counter revolution of 1895 led by Robert and the Kula Sanatorium on Maui. Dickey Wilcox and Sam Nowlein a member of Oce- was associated with the design of Honolulu’s anic Lodge No. 371. He continued in this City Hall. He served on the Honolulu Sity office until 1907, when he was retired by Planning Commission from 1931 to 1938. the War Department in Washington, D.C. with he rank of Brigadier General. Soper was Wallace Rider Farrington, 1871-1933. Master of Hawaiian Lodge in 1895. Farrington was a member of Oceanic Lodge No. 371, F & AM. Farrington came to Ha- A VERY SPECIAL INDIVIDUAL waii as managing editor of the Pacific Com- mercial Advertiser. He later became editor of Henry Berger 1844-1929 the evening Bulletin which was merged with the Hawaiian Star in 1913, and Farrington Henry Berger who arrived in Honolulu became vice president and general manager during the reign of Kamahameha V to serve of the resulting Star-Bulletin. Farrington as Band Master was still active in 1908. resigned these positions when he was ap- Berger was not a Freemason. He had helped pointed governor of the Territory of Hawaii Lili’uokalani compose “Aloha Oe” and wrote by President Warren G. Harding (also a Hawaii’s national anthem “Hawaii Ponoi.” Freemason) in 1921. He was reappointed by Berger led the Royal Hawaiian Band for President Calvin Coolidge in 1925. Far- fory-three years and made it world famous. rington supported the continuation of land Henry Berger served under the Hawaiian grants to Hawaiians and the work of the Monarchy, the Republic of Hawaii and the Hawaii Homes Commission. Farrington was Territory of Hawaii. He retired in 1916 at a lifelong proponent of statehood for the age 72. territory. References John Harris Soper, 1846-1944. Soper was a member of Hawaiian Lodge No. 21, F & Masonic Directory, Territory of Hawaii 1908. AM. Soper was born in Plymouth, England Honolulu Mercantile Printing Co., LTD. and came to Hawaii via California in 1877. 1908 He became involved in raising sugar cane and became manager of the Pioneer Mill History Makers of Hawaii, By A. Grove Day, at Lahaina, Maui. He was first appointed Mutual Publishing of Honolulu. March 1984. marshal of the kingdom in 1884 succeeding William C. Parke also a member of Hawai- Assorted Papers by the author covering a period ian Lodge. After two years he resigned to of 15 years reenter business, but King Kalakaua again called him to the post in 1888.

21 THE EARLY LODGES IN HAWAII & SOME PROMINENT BRETHREN OF THAT BYGONE ERA By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian The early Masonic Lodges in Hawaii first Westerner according to most ac- descended from France, California, and counts, to discover the Hawaiian Islands Scotland was a Freemason. The United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) has never Freemasonry was formally estab- confirmed this assertion. The UGLE has lished in Hawaii by the A.A.S.R., traced their records back through the Supreme Council of France during the 18th Century and advised us nothing has reign of Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli). ever been found indicating that Captain At the time the Island Kingdom was oc- Cook was a Freemason. cupied by British Forces under the com- mand of Lord George Paulet of HMS Some earlier publications about “Carysfort.” The Hawaiian Flag was Lodge Le Progres de l’Oceanie indicate replaced by the Union Jack which flew the Lodge was constituted aboard the over the Islands from February 25, 1843, French Whaler “Ajax” by Captain Le Tel- until July 31, 1843. lier. Recent extensive research has revealed that the Lodge was constituted by him in On April 8, 1843, during this un- the Store of Jules Dudoit as indicated in easy period of British occupation Joseph- the above. Marie Le Tellier constituted Lodge Le Progres de l’Oceanie under the auspices It has been assumed by some of the Ancient & Accepted Scottish brethren and understandably so, that Le Rite of the Supreme Council of France Tellier was the first Master of the Lodge he in the store of Jules Dudoit, who was founded, or certainly a charter member. the French Consul at the time. Le Tellier Once again recent research has revealed was the Captain of the French Whaler that although Le Tellier founded Lodge “Ajax” and sailed it into Honolulu to Le Progre de l’Oceanie, odd as it may seem have major repair work done on the vessel. he never became a member. This was the first Masonic Lodge to be constituted in Hawaii. In 1905, Lodge Le Hawaiian Lodge No. 21 Free & Ac- Progres de’Oceanie transferred its alle- cepted Masons was the second Lodge to giance to the Grand Lodge of California. be established in Hawaii. It was Char- tered by the Grand Lodge of California At this point it seems appropriate on May 5, 1852, and was the first Lodge to correct some past claims about early in Hawaii to descend from an American Freemasonry in Hawaii and the founding Grand Lodge. Hawaiian Lodge is the of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie. oldest Lodge in the Hawaii Jurisdiction that has operated continuously, with no Through the years there have been interrupted periods since its inception. stories claiming that James Cook the famous British Explorer who was the The first Lodge established on the 22 Island of Maui was Charted by the Grand in both the political and military activi- Lodge of California as Maui Lodge No. ties beginning shortly before January 17, 223, in 1872. The Lodge prospered for 1893, when Queen Liliuokalani was de- a few years but in 1877, surrendered its posed, and the annexation by the United Charter due to a lack participation. States on August 12, 1898, is a story in itself and beyond the scope of this paper. In 1904, the Brethren on the Island of Maui once again sought to establish On July 20, 1989, 146 years after a Lodge on the Island. An inquiry to the establishment of Freemasonry in the the Grand Lodge of California did not Sandwich Islands, and with the full support elicit much encouragement so the Breth- of the Grand Lodge of California, the ren contacted Henry Ernest Cooper Past twelve Hawaii Lodges constituted the Master of Hawaiian Lodge and founder Grand Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons of Pacific Lodge No.822 under the Grand of the State of Hawaii. Lodge of Scotland, for recommenda- tions. It appers that Cooper was the SOME PROMINENT BRETHREN OF Representative of the Grand Lodge of BYGONE TIMES Scotland in Hawaii at the time. As a result, on February 2, 1905, the Grand Prince Lot, Kamehameha V, 1830-1872 Lodge of Scotland Chartered Lodge Maui Prince Lot was the first native Hawaiian No. 984 in Wailuku, Maui. In 1918, to become a Freemason. He became a the Lodge transferred its allegiance to the Master Mason in Hawaiian Lodge No.21 Grand Lodge of California. F&AM in May 1853.

Pacific Lodge No. 822 was organized Prince Alexander Liholiho, Kamehame- by dispensation on January 4, 1895, ha IV, 1834-1863 through the District Grand Lodge of King Kamehameha IV became a Master Queensland, Australia (Scottish Consti- Mason in Lodge Le Progres de l’Oceanie tution) and was Chartered by the Grand No. 124 A.A.S.R. in December 1856. He Lodge of Scotland on August 1, 1895. served as Worshipful Master in 1859, 1861 In 1910, Pacific Lodge transferred its alle- and 1862. giance to the Grand Lodge of California and became Honolulu Lodge 409. King David Kalakaua, 1836-1891 King David Kalakaua became a Master Neither Lodge Le Progres de Mason in Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie l’Oceanie, Hawaiian Lodge nor the Scot- No. 124 A.A.S.R. in January 1859. tish Rite Bodies were involved in the power He served as Worshipful Master in 1876, politics of the 1890s and remained aloof shortly after he was elected King. from the political intrigues of the annex- ationists and the royalists associated with Prince William Pitt, 1855-1877 deposing Queen Liluokalani. However, Prince William Pitt Leleiohoku Kala- there were some brethren who were active hoolewa brother of David Kalakaua and participants in one camp or the other. Liliuokalani (Mrs. John Dominis) became a Master Mason in Hawaiian Lodge No. The role of some of the brethren 21 F& AM in June 1874. He was named 23 heir to the throne by King Kalakaua, but Archibald Cleghorn, 1835-1910 unfortunately he died of pneumonia at Archibald Scott Cleghorn the husband of the age of 22. As a consequence the King Princess Miriam Kapili younger sister of named King Kalakaua and father of Princess Vic- Liliuokalani heir to the throne of Hawaii. toria Kaiulani, succeeded John Dominis as Governor of Oahu, became a Master Prince David Kawananakoa, Mason in Hawaiian Lodge No.21 F & AM 1868-1908 in December 1873. He was an active Prince David Laamea Kawananakoa member of Hawaiian Lodge and served nephew of King Kalakaua became a as a Trustee from 1882- 1895. Cleghorn Master Mason in Lodge Le Progres was a highly valued advisor to the Hawai- de l’Oceanie A.A.S.R. in August 1900. ian Monarchy for a great many years. David was very well educated, he attended schools in Hawaii, the United States Curtis Iaukea, 1855-1940 and England. He became involved in Curtis Piehu Iaukea became a Master politics for a brief period and was active Mason in Pacific Lodge No. 822 (Later in the Democrat Party, but never held an Honolulu Lodge). He served the Hawaiian elective office. Monarchy as a highly competent One- man Diplomatic Corps and except for King John Dominis, 1832-1891 Kalakaua was the most traveled member John Owen Dominis Consort of Queen of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Curtiss Iaukea Liliuokalani and Governor of Oahu be- was one of the most decorated men in the came a Master Mason in Lodge Le Progres entire history of Hawaii. During his de l’Oceanie No. 124 A.A.S.R., in April illustrious career Curtis Iaukea served as 1858. He served as Master of the Lodge Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Special Envoy in 1863, 1864, and 1868. Dominis served to the Coronation of Czar Alexander III as General Legate and Deputy of the Su- of Russia, he accompanied Queen Kapi- preme Council for the Hawaiian King- olani to the United States and served as dom. As a practical matter, he served as her interpreter with President and Mrs. the Deputy of the Hawaii Scottish Rite Grover Cleveland and also at the Golden Bodies from 1874-1891. Jubilee of Queen Victoria in London in 1887. Some years later Curtis Iaukea Dominis served as chamberlain and attended Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee with secretary to Kamehameha IV, and was ap- representatives of the Republic of Hawaii. pointed Governor of Oahu and Commis- During his lifetime he visited many Eu- sioner of Crown Lands by Kamehameha ropean countries as an envoy of Hawaii. V. John Dominis died seven months after In later years he was active in Territory his wife Liliuokalani became Queen of of Hawaii politics. Hawaii. He tended to exercise restraint over his somewhat headstrong wife, and it Henry Cooper, 1857-1929 is thought by some historians that had Henry Ernest Cooper became a Master he lived during the critical periods of her Mason in a Lodge in San Diego, Califor- reign, the total downfall of the Hawaiian nia in 1870. He was Master of Hawaiian Monarchy might have been averted. Lodge in 1894. Cooper organized Pa- cific Lodge No. 822 under the Jurisdic- 24 tion of the Grand Lodge of Scotland Master Mason in a Lodge in Mazatlan, through the then District Grand Lodge Mexico before he arrived in Hawaii. Wylie of Queensland, Australia. Cooper served frequently visited Lodge Le Progres de as its firs Master in 1895 and again l’Oceanie and Hawaiian Lodge. in 1896. He served as Deputy of the Orient of Hawaii for the Scottish Rite Herbert G. Gardiner PGS, Bodies from 1896-1915. Grand Historian

Henry Cooper was a close associate Honolulu, Hawaii of Lorrin Thurston the leading advocate September 25, 2003 of deposing Queen Liliuokalani and with Thurston was active in establishing the Provisional Government, the Republic of REFERENCES Hawaii, and ultimately the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. Cooper Le Progres de l’Oceanie held various key positions along the way 1843 and served as President of the Hawaii The First Masonic Lodge in Hawaii Republic for three months during the (Sandwich Islands) absence of President Dole. Institute for Masonic Studies, Grand Lodge of California, In Cooperation with the Unfortunately, in the current atmo- Northern California Research Lodge. 2001 sphere of anti-anyone who was actively involved in, or supported replacing the Authors: Jorge Soto, Herbert G. Gar- Hawaiian Monarchy with any other diner, Jacques Huyghebaert form of government, that currently pre- vails among certain elements of the History Makers of Hawaii Hawaii population, Henry Ernest Coo- A. Grove Day, Mutual Publishing, Ho- per has virtually become a “Non-per- nolulu, Hawaii 1984 son” or, is portrayed along with Lorrin Thurston as one of the arch villians in Grand Lodge of Hawaii Hawaiian history. To pursue the interest- Herbert G. Gardiner ing career of Henry Ernest Cooper any Grand Lodge of Hawaii further would immerse us into the realm Honolulu 2003 of politics...so for the purpose of this paper we’ll close here with the knowledge Archives of Hawaiian Lodge that Henry Ernest Cooper was indeed a & Lodge Le Progres de l’Oceanie dedicated Freemason and public servant. At Makiki Masonic Temple Various dates Robert Wylie, 1798-1865 Robert Crichton Wylie was Minister of Highlights, Lodge Maui History Foreign Affairs for the Hawaiian King- Marty Alexander, Master dom for over twenty years. Wylie never Lodge Maui, May 2003 married and his interest and support of the Hawaiian Monarchy seemed to be his one and only passion. He was made a 25 THE GLORY AND TRAVAIL OF A BYGONE ERA By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian

Unlikely as it may seem, the first official of France, and Hawaiian Lodge No.21 Free social function to be held in the only royal and Accepted Masons was chartered on palace that exists in the United States was May 5, 1852, under the Grand Lodge of a Grand Masonic Banquet. Before you California. These were the first two Lodges challenge the author’s credibility in making to be warranted in Hawaii and with the such a statement, permit me to explain that founding of these Lodges, Freemasonry the event took place 122 years ago in the became firmly established in the Sandwich Kingdom of Hawaii, when it was known to Islands. These two Lodges became the foun- the Western World as the Sandwich Islands. dation of the Craft in Hawaii and both are presently on the register of the Grand Lodge James Cook of his Britanic Majesty’s of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Royal Navy who accidentally discovered Hawaii. the Islands on January 18, 1778, named them the Sandwich Islands in honor of his THE ROYAL CONNECTION good friend and patron the First Lord of the Admiralty, John Montagu, Fourth Earl of The association between Freemasonry Sandwich. and the Hawaiian Monarchy started with Prince Lot when he was raised in Hawaiian The Grand Masonic Banquet took place six- Lodge in 1854, and became the first Native teen years before the United States annexed Hawaiian to become a Freemason. He later the Republic of Hawaii, and fifty-nine years became Kamehameha V, ruler of Hawaii. before the Empire of Japan attacked the Prince Lot was followed into the fraternity U.S. Military Bases on the Island of Oahu by his younger brother Prince Alexander of what was then the Territory of Hawaii, Liholiho, who later became Kamehameha on Sunday morning December 7, 1941. IV, and was the Master of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie in 1859, 1861 and 1862. THE EARLY LODGES Next came John Owen Dominis, the Prince Consort of Lydia Kamakeaha, older sister Our story begins in the days of the Hawai- of King David Kalakaua, and later known ian Monarchy during the reign of King as Queen Lili’uokalani. Dominis was the Kamehameha III, (Kauikeaouli) the son Master of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie of Kamehameha the Great who united all in 1863, 1864 and 1868. He was followed the Islands under one ruler and founded by his brother-in-law, Archibald Scott the Kamehameha Dynasty. Kamehameha Cleghorn, later Governor of the Island of III ruled the Island Kingdom from June 6, Oahu, and husband of Princess Miriam 1825, to December 15, 1854, the longest Kapili Likelike, the younger sister of King reign of any ruler of the Hawaiian Monar- Kalakaua. Cleghorn was raised in Hawaiian chy. During his reign Lodge le Progres de Lodge in 1873. Next came Prince William l’Oceanie No. 124 Ancient and Accepted Pitt Kalahoolewa Leleiohoku, younger Scottish Rite (A.A.S.R.) was constituted on brother of King David Kalakaua who was April 8, 1843, under the Supreme Council raised in Hawaiian Lodge in 1874. The next 26 member of Hawaiian royalty to join the of the Hawaii State Veteran’s Cemetery at Craft was David Kalakaua who was elected Kaneohe, on the Island of Oahu. The story Master of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie for of the Silver Working Tools is a chronicle in 1876, about a year and a-half after being itself. elected King of Hawaii in 1874. Kalakaua was one of the most active members of the THE GRAND MASONIC BANQUET Craft in the Island Kingdom. Even though the new palace was not com- ‘IOLANI PALACE IS BUILT pleted, it did not discourage His Majesty King Kalakaua from honoring his Masonic David Kalakaua had not been King very brethren with a “Grand Masonic Banquet” long when he made it known that he wanted at ‘Iolani Palace. On Wednesday, December a new palace. He considered that the one 27, 1882, the King hosted the first official he was living in had been neglected and was social function held at the newly erected dilapidated, and definitely unfit for a King. palace. In addition to a few sojourning During the legislative session of 1878, funds brethren, King Kalakaua had the guest list were authorized for a new palace. made from the rosters of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie and Hawaiian Lodge, about 120 Wednesday, December 31, 1879, the forty- brethren attended. fifth birthday of his wife Queen Julia Kapi- olani, was selected by King Kalakaua to lay The banquet was a tremendous success. the cornerstone of the new Royal residence, The brethren of the two Lodges enjoyed ‘Iolani* Palace. The brethren of Lodge le themselves immensely in the ultimate Progres de l’Oceanie No.124, and Hawaiian expression of fellowship and camaraderie at Lodge No.21, were invited by the King to this wonderful event sponsored by King Ka- conduct the ceremony. lakaua, their brother, their patron, and their Sovereign. The mundane cares of the day The cornerstone laying ceremony of ‘Iolani were brushed aside, politics, business and Palace was conducted in the Masonic tradi- even affairs of state were left outside with tion, and included the participation of His the dress swords. This was an evening for fel- Majesty King Kalakaua, who descended lowship as it had never been experienced in from the dais and gave the cornerstone three the Kingdom before, and it was a night that sharp raps with a gavel. The Freemasons in would live in the hearts of the brethren for attendance responded with Grand Public the rest of their lives. Honors. The working tools used in the cere- mony were made of wrought silver expressly The music was provided by the Royal Ha- for King Kalakaua. At the completion of the waiian Military Band under the direction of ceremony, the King donated the silver work- its renowned conductor Heinrich Wilhelm ing tools to his Lodge. Lodge le Progres de Berger, better known as Henry Berger, or l’Oceanie has maintained the tools in mint “Kapena Hanale Berger” as he was called by condition to this very day. One hundred and the Hawaiians. The band has continued to fifteen years later, on November 11, 1994, entertain the people of Hawaii through the the same silver working tools were used years and currently plays at civic functions. by the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted It is now known as the Royal Hawaiian Masons of the State of Hawaii, in laying Band. the Cornerstone of the Memorial Building 27 Brother David Dayton, Orator of Lodge le in no small degree the prosperity in Hawaii Progres de l’Oceanie called the brethren to of an order that bears upon its active roles order for the first toast of the evening. His the name of one whom we greet tonight toast was as follows: “Worshipful Masters, as Sovereign, as host, and as brother.” The Wardens and Brethren---It being obligatory brethren then joined hands and accompa- on members of Lodge le Progres to drink nied by the Royal Hawaiian Military Band, several toasts on this occasion, before doing sang “Auld Lang Syne.” And so the highly so, I will inform you that the cornerstone enjoyable Grand Masonic Banquet ended of this edifice, the Palace, was laid by the on a note of joy and good fellowship. It was Masonic fraternity on December 31,1879, the first and the last Masonic function to be by request of His Majesty Kalakaua, King held strictly for the Craft at ‘Iolani Palace. of the Hawaiian Islands. And now, my brethren, His Majesty King of the Hawaiian POMP AND SPLENDOR Islands, and Past Master of Lodge le Progres de l’Oceanie, has become our host, honor- During the years that King Kalakaua was ing us with the first festival in this edifice. the reigning Monarch of Hawaii following My brethren, I will invite you to charge the Grand Masonic Banquet, ‘Iolani Palace your glasses and drink the first regular toast was aglow with glittering festive State affairs, of the evening, “His Majesty the King and banquets, and balls, all in the finest royal the Royal Family.” This was followed by tradition of the times. His court was the the first selection played that evening the equal of any foreign court in pure pleasure national anthem, “Hawai’i Pono’i” (Hawaii’s and elegance. The Royal Hawaiian Military Own). King Kalakaua wrote the words and Band under the direction of its renowned Henry Berger rearranged an anthem from director Henry Berger was always on hand his native Prussia, entitled “Hail to Thee to entertain the guests. During the reign in Your Wreath of Victory” (Heil Dir im of King Kalakaua, and with his encour- Siegerkranz), which in turn was based on agement, the Band became a Hawaiian “God Save the Queen.” “Hawai’i Pono’i” is cultural institution and famous world-wide. still played at many State and civic functions To top it off, the finest food was served at throughout the State of Hawaii. the banquets, and dining at ‘Iolani Palace was always a special treat. Here in this tiny During the course of the festivities, the kingdom, located in the middle of the vast brethren toasted the Supreme Council expanse of the North Pacific Ocean, dwelt a and the Grand Lodge of France, and the King whose royal court life was pure delight Band struck up a rousing rendition of La to his subjects and to his visitors alike, who Marseillaise. In a following toast to the had come from around the world. Except for Grand Lodge of California, the Band played its smaller size, King David Kalakaua had The Star Spangled Banner. Shortly before created a court that rivaled many European midnight the last toast of the evening was courts in splendor, entertainment, and shear concluded in part with the following: “... joy to behold. Many sojourning Freemasons It is that portion of the charge wherein the enjoyed the hospitality of their brother, the novitiate is taught that Freemasonry is so King, at ‘Iolani Palace. esteemed as an honorable order that even monarchs have, at times, exchanged the THE MONARCHY TEETERS scepter for the trowel to join in our myster- ies and aid in our labors. To this fact is due King Kalakaua’s reign has often been referred 28 to as the “Golden Age of the Hawaiian the brilliance and gaiety of the Kalakaua Monarchy.” However, it was also a turbulent years. A somber mood seemed to permeate period. Although the great maritime powers the Court atmosphere, almost like a portend like Great Britain, the United States, and of dark days ahead. Seven months after France agreed, that Hawaii should remain Lili’okalani became Queen, her husband an independent nation they did not hesitate John O. Dominis died. With his death, to become involved in the internal affairs of Lili’uokalani not only lost her husband, the tiny Island Kingdom. Frequently their but Freemasonry lost one of its most active actions were dictated not so much by what and dedicated members, and the Hawaiian transpired in Hawaii, but by events that Kingdom lost a confirmed royalist and a occurred in other parts of the globe involv- stabilizing influence on the Queen. ing their respective national interests. King Kalakaua’s entire reign was one continuous LILI-UKALANI PRECIPITATES THE struggle to keep his little Island Kingdom OVERTHROW OF THE HAWAIIAN free of foreign domination. MONARCHY

David Kalakaua was a man of two cultures The political situation became very strained which frequently clashed. To a large extent as the Queen tried to make drastic changes he believed in the basic Hawaiian culture of in the Constitution that would grant the rul- his birth which was gradually fading from ing Monarch considerably more power than the scene. He was also strongly attracted to was provided under the existing Constitu- much of the Western culture of the Anglo- tion. There were other actions on her part Saxons. He often experienced serious politi- which also eroded support for the monarchy cal problems while trying to combine the in general, and Lili-uokalani in particular. two cultures as he viewed them. Being very All of which further polarized the two major extravagant Kalakaua seemed to frequently political groups. One group being the Royal- be in need of money and at times the man- ists who supported the Monarchy, and the ner in which he acquired it appeared to be other group being the Reform Party, also questionable. Politics and the monarchy called the “Missionary Party” by the Royal- were always favorite subjects for discus- ists because some of them were descendants sion in Honolulu and both the competing of the original missionaries who came to Hawaiian and Anglo-Saxon cultures escorted Hawaii from New England. The label was Hawaii throughout the 19th century with basically misleading. They were also known the Anglo-Saxon becoming dominant. as the annexationists since many of them wanted Hawaii to be annexed by the United Upon the death of King Kalakaua on States. The Reform Party consisted primar- January 20, 1891, seven days after he had ily of business men, and planters who had been made a Noble of Islam Temple of the developed a thriving economy for the Island Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Kingdom. Mystic Shrine in San Francisco, his sister, Princess Lydia Kamaka’ea (Mrs. John Do- After participating in such a festive evening minis) ascended the throne of the Kingdom at ‘Iolani Palace none of the brethren who of Hawaii on January 29, 1891 as Queen attended the Grand Masonic Banquet could Lili’uokalani. During her short reign the possibly visualize that within a decade, their Court which had formerly been the scene of King and brother Freemason would die in a magnificent royal splendor, no longer had hotel in San Francisco of Bright’s disease, his 29 sister Queen Lili’uokalani would be deposed, to have escaped Queen Lili’uokalani. the Hawaiian Monarchy would vanish, and the Islands would be ruled by a Provisional On January 17, 1893, Queen Lili’uokalani Government, which would ultimately be the eighth and last Monarch of the Hawai- followed by the formation of the Republic ian Kingdom, was deposed and the Provi- of Hawaii. sional Government (PG) acquired the reins of power. The Reform Party which also THE KINGDOM VANISHES included the Annexationists had taken over. The Kingdom of Hawaii was gone, it had In spite of the volatile politics of the times, vanished! it was simply not in the scheme of things for the men who dined at their King and In signing the surrender document Lili- brother’s festive board, to suspect that any uokalani stated she was surrendering to the of them would ever take up arms against a United States. This was not true because she brother Freemason to defend the Monar- actually surrendered to the Provisional Gov- chy in Hawaii, or to support a Provisional ernment not the United States. By allowing Government, or even more remote, to create this false statement to go uncorrected, the a Hawaii Republic. Yet, unbelievable as such PG officials ultimately contributed to the scenarios may have been on the night of the issuance of a simple resolution of apology Grand Masonic Banquet at ‘Iolani Palace, by former President Clinton in 1993, for these events did in fact subsequently take the so-called complicity of the U.S. in the place. overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy.

Some historians tell us that there were indi- It has been suggested that at the time of her viduals on both sides of the issue who were surrender Lili-ukalani very likely recalled the not beyond reconciliation, and had the more take-over of the Island Kingdom in 1843, by moderates in both camps prevailed, a com- Lord Paulet of HMS “Carysfort” which six promise could have been reached that would months later was abrogated by the British have establihed a Constitutional Monarchy. Crown and the reigns of power returned to But this was not to be, for certain elements Kamehameha III. By surrendering to the on each side stood firm. Some men wanted United States rather than the Proviional to eliminate the Hawaiian Monarchy in any Government, Lili-uokalani probably expect- form, and have the United States annex Ha- ed a similiar action whereby the Hawaiian waii, while Queen Lili’uokalani adhered to Monarchy would be restored by the United her principle of “onipa’a” (remain steadfast). States and she would regain the Crown...but The Queen appeared to have no desire to that did not happen. reign as a Constitutional Monarch, she felt it was her destiny to rule. Lili’uokalani tried THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII to establish an absolute monarchial form of government for Hawaii, which at the Later in the decade of the 1890s a major time was a concept of government that was turn of events occurred, which totally eroding in some countries around the world. eclipsed the Hawaiian Monarchy, the Pro- Queen Victoria reigned over the greatest em- visional Government, and the Republic pire the world had ever known...she reigned, of Hawaii. On August 12, 1898, Hawaii but she did not rule England. Although officially became a part of the United States. having visited England, this concept seemed However, the Republic of Hawaii continued 30 to exist for another two years until the U.S. Dewey attacked and destroyed the Spanish Congress provided Hawaii with a territorial fleet in Manila Bay, and blockaded Manila. government on June 14, 1900. Forty-six On August 13th Commodore Dewey and years after the issue of annexation was first General Merritt unaware of a peace proto- raised in the U.S. Congress in 1852, Hawaii col, attacked Manila and the Spanish forces was annexed by the United States and surrendered the Philippines. became the Territory of Hawaii. The royal- ists were despondent and the annexationists THE PHILIPPINE AMERICAN WAR were jubilant On December 10th, the Treaty of Paris Neither of the two Lodges nor the Scottish officially ended the Spanish American War. Rite Bodies were involved in the power poli- Spain reluctantly agreed to cede Puerto tics of the period, and remained aloof from Rico and Guam to the United States and the political intrigues of the annexation- sold the Philippines to the United States ists and the royalists. However, there were for $20,000,000, while Cuba was granted Freemasons who were active participants independence. This angered the people of in one camp or the other. Some prominent the Philippines, and on February 4, 1899 Freemasons were confirmed royalists and fighting erupted between the U.S. occupa- fully supported the Hawaiian Monarchy, tion forces and the Filipinos, and the war and other Freemasons were active reform- with the Philippines began. Many American ists who felt that Hawaii’s future was with Freemasons fought against Filipino Free- the United States. The role of some of these masons. A large number of Filipinos who brethren in the political and military events fought in the uprising against Spain and during the period beginning just prior to later did battle with the United States, were January 17, 1893, when Queen Lili’uokalani Freemasons. Probably the most prominent was deposed, and the annexation of Hawaii was Emilo Aguinaldo. by the United States on August 12, 1898, is beyond the scope of our story. When Hawaii was annexed by the United States, it was during an age that was swept THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR by the tide of imperialism. France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Japan The year 1898, ushered in certain events and Russia were all on the prowl and were which occurred thousands of miles away assiduously establishing colonies or spheres from Hawaii’s shores, but nevertheless had of influence in the Pacific and in Asia. The a profound influence on the actions of the Philippines had been under the firm rule of United States which in turn became a factor Spain and Catholic clerics for 300 years. A in the annexation of Hawaii. Trouble had sizable German Naval Force was in Manila been brewing between the United States and Bay when Commodore Dewey arrived. Spain over its harsh rule of Cuba. On Febru- The United States did not seek to establish ary 15th the U.S.S. Maine was destroyed a colonial empire anything like that of the and sank in Havana harbor with the loss British, Dutch and the French, and later of 268 American lives. On April 22nd the Germany and Japan. U.S. North Atlantic Squadron blockaded Cuba, and a state of war existed between the A great many Americans strongly believed United States and Spain. On May 1st the and with good reason, that unless the United U.S. Asiatic Squadron under Commodore States firmly established itself in the Pacific 31 it would be overwhelmed economically and Bibliography militarily by the major powers. Revisionist history aside, subsequent actions particu- Allen, Helen G. “Kalakaua Renaissance King” larly by the Empire of Japan, and to a lesser Mutual Publishing, Honolulu, 1994. extent by the major European powers, at one time or another attempted to restrict Agoncillo, Teodoro, “A Short History of The the economic activities and influence of the Philippines” Mentor Books, 1969. United States in the Pacific and Asia. Clemens, Roy H. “The Cornerstone of the Pal- 1898 AND BEYOND ace” Honolulu Masonic Public Library, 1979.

During the Spanish American war the Friends of ‘Iolani Palace, “Centennial Corner- United States began to awaken to the stra- stone Commemoration Ceremony, Honolulu, tegic and military value of Hawaii. In 1898, December 31, 1979.” both Hawaii and the Philippines became part of the United States. In December of Schweizer, Niklaus R. “Hawaii and the Ger- 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a sur- man Speaking Peoples” Topgallant Publishing, prise attack on Hawaii and the Philippines, Honolulu, 1982. and occupied the Philippine Islands until the American Armed Forces and Filipino O’Toole, G.J.A. “The Spanish War, An Ameri- guerrilla units recaptured the Islands in can Epic-1898” Penguin Books, 1984. 1945. As promised by the United States, the Commonwealth of the Philippines became a Gardiner, Herbert G. “Freemasonry In Hawaii free and independent country in 1946, and And The Monarchy” A presentation made to Hawaii was granted Statehood in 1959. Schofield Lodge F.& A.M., at Schofield Mason- ic Temple, Wahiawa, Hawaii, May 30, 1995. It is beyond the scope of this brief essay to explain all the causes of the downfall Prange, Gordon W. “At Dawn We Slept” Pen- of the Hawaiian Monarchy, or why some guin Books, 1981. Freemasons were strong royalists and oth- ers were avowed annexationists. In spite of Twigg-Smith, Thurston, “Hawaiian Sovereign- the strong feelings of those troubled times, ty: Do the Facts Matter?” Goodale Publishing, Freemasonry in Hawaii has prospered under 1998, Honolulu, Hawaii five different forms of government. It began during the days of the Hawaiian Monarchy, Pukui, Mary K. & Elbert, Samuel H. “Ha- followed by the Provisional Government, waiian Dictionary” University of Hawii Press, next came the Republic of Hawaii, which 1971. was followed by the Territory of Hawaii, and in our time the State of Hawaii. Note: The author is a Past Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Hawaii, and presently the *Vocabulary, ‘Iolani. Royal Hawk, a symbol of Grand Historian. royalty because of its high flight in the heavens. Name of the Palace.

32 PHOTO GALLERY I: DEGREE CONFERRALS AND LODGE VISITATIONS

New Entered Apprentice Bros. Ty Heller and Angelito Santos are shown with WBro. Ed Abutin and Master (pro-temporé) Orlando Ragudos following their initiation

Master (pro-temporé) Bernard Baldueza poses with newly-initiated Entered Apprentice Bros. Rodolfo Trias and John McAlexander

33 Bro. Michael Soriano pos- es with Bro. Alex Escasa (Master, pro-temporé) and Bro. Lito Mina

Master (pro-temporé) Bro. Alex Escasa wel- comes first-time visitor WBro. Wallace Burger of Leighten Lodge # 621, Pennsylvania

Bro. Collin Korenek of Gus Garrison Lodge # 1273, Winnsboro TX, a first-time Lodge visitor, with Master (pro-tem- poré) Bro. Alex Escasa

34 JOSE RIZAL: PATRIOT, SCHOLAR, DOCTOR, & FREE- MASON 1861-1896 Researched and supplemented by: Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado wanted more humane treatment Alonso Realonda, better of his countrymen mainly by known to the world as Jose the friars and to a lesser ex- Rizal, was a Freemson. He tent by the Spanish Colonial represented the quintes- Administrators. He advocated sence of Filipino patriotism political, clerical, and land during the waning years acquisition reforms. In essence, of the Spanish rule and he wanted an end to the the influence of the discrimination, exploita- Catholic Church in the tion, and persecution of his Philippines. Filipino countrymen.

Dr. Rizal was born on June With the opening of the Suez 19, 1861, in Calumba, Laguna, and ex- Canal the travel time to Spain was re- ecuted in the prime of his life by a squad duced from four months to one month. of the 10th Spanish Infantry Regiment It resulted in many liberal Spaniards by being shot in the back at 7:00 a.m. going to the Philippines and eventually on December 30, 1896 at the Campo many Filipinos going to Spain and Eu- de Bagumbayan located directly behind rope. It was the Filipinos who benefited the Luneta in Manila. His execution the most as they were able to cast off was scheduled for 8:00 a.m. but it was the bonds that restricted them in the secretly advanced 1 hour by the Spanish Philippines, acquire a good education, authorities to avoid any demonstration and learn about the various European or possibly an uprising by the Filipino countries. Among those Filipinos who populace. ventured abroad were young patriots like Jose Rizal, and Marcelo Del Pilar. After 300 years of oppressive rule by Spain and the Catholic Church, in The decade that followed the 1872, 1896, the Filipinos began what became mutiny at the Cavite Arsenal due to an all-out revolt against Spain and the the imposition of a tribute imposed on church. the native Filipino workers, was peace- ful, but it was a tense peace at best, one You may well ask what was Rizal’s that was imposed by the sword. The crime? He was executed for trying to lift mutiny had been ruthlessly crushed by the yoke of oppression by the Spanish the Spanish officials who were urged Colonial government and the friars from to take cruel action by the friars. The his Filipino countrymen. He did not colonial administration, exhorted by the encourage sedition against Spain, but friars was deeply impressed with what 35 they saw as their crucial role in maintain- they could not be touched by anybody.” ing a Castilian civilization which along He unfolded a shocking tapestry of the with the influence of the friars, required Philippines that made his story the most complete sovereignty over the Colony influential political novel of that country and unquestionable submission by the in the nineteenth and twentieth centu- Filipino people which included a ban on ries. Freemasonry. In a letter to a friend, Rizal said: “The The educated Filipinos eventually became book contains things of which no one prime targets of persecution by the among ourselves has spoken up to the government and the church because they present, they are so delicate that they recognized the corruption and oppressive cannot be touched by anybody. Insofar, practices and raised very embarrassing as I am concerned, I have tried to do questions. It was they who paid for the what nobody likes to do. I have endeav- extravagant living and excesses of their ored to answer the false and malicious Spanish overlords. It was the emerg- charges which for centuries had been ing intelligentsia who now became the heaped on us and our country; I have victims of persecution by the church and described the social condition, our life, the government. our beliefs, our hopes and desires, our grievances, our griefs; I have unmasked At the age of 21, Jose Rizal completed hypocrisy which, under the guise of reli- his scholastic career in Manila and in gion, came to impoverish and brutalize 1882, went to Spain and acquired his us; I have distinguished the true religion degree as a Doctor of Medicine, and from the false, from superstition, from also a license to practice Philosophy and that which traffics with the holy word the Fine Arts. During his stay in Spain, to extract money, to make us believe in Rizal became a Master Mason in Acacia sorcery, of which Catholicism would be Lodge No. 9 in 1884. He later moved to ashamed if it were aware of it.....The facts France where he became a specialist in I narrate are all true and actually hap- diseases of the eye. He also found time pened; I can prove them.” to join a French Masonic Lodge during his sojourn in France. In 1885, he went Rizal’s novel was an immediate success to Germany to study Schiller, after which both in Spain and in the Philippines. he visited Austria. Jose Rizal became a Needless to say, the book was condemned cultured gentlemen who was comfortable and banned by the Colonial government at all levels of society. He later settled and the Church. The friars maintained in Belgium for a period where he wrote that if the Filipinos read the book they his highly celebrated novel, “Noli Me would be committing a mortal sin be- Tangere” in Spanish. The title is Latin for cause it contained heresies and ideas con- “Touch me not.” trary to our Holy Religion. Even though the book was banned, and most of the In his novel Jose Rizal exposed “condi- Filipinos were not literate in Spanish, the tions so sensitive in the Philippines, that book became very popular. 36 When Jose Rizal returned to the Philip- the People). pines shortly after his book was pub- lished he was warned by his relatives and The organization was founded by Andres the Spanish governor-general to leave Bonifacio a patriot and a Freemason of the Philippines, because he was under humble origin. The membership of the continuous close surveillance, and so he “Katipunan” was almost entirely plebian. returned to Spain. After Rizal departed “The Katipunan” advocated indepen- from the Philippines his father and rela- dence from Spain. Bonifacio conferred tives were driven from the farm they were with Rizal on how to bring it about, leasing from the Dominicans, and when but Rizal cautioned him to seek reforms they refused to vacate the lands their rather than independence because the house were torched, and they were driven so-called middle class would not support off the land at the point of a bayonet. a revolution. Rizal proved to be right, but Bonifacio managed to arouse the less In 1891, Rizal published his second nov- wealthy Filipinos to support a revolution el “El Filibusterismo” (The Subversive), against Spain which began in 1896. The a sequel to “Noli Me Tangere.” In it he revolution was inspired and led largely by warned the Spanish authorities of an im- Freemasons. pending cataclysm unless steps were tak- en to ameliorate the conditions suffered The Spanish colonial government and by the Filipinos. In a later essay “Filipinas the friars were wrongly convinced that Dentro de Cien Anos” (The Philippines Rizal was a member of the “Katipunan” Within A Century) Rizal predicted that which he was not. They were also of the The Philippines either will remain under opinion that the Filipino Freemasons and Spain, but with more rights and freedom, the “Katipunan” were one and the same, or will declare herself independent, after which they were not. However as a result, staining herself and the Mother Country many Freemasons were imprisoned, with her own blood.” tortured, exiled, and put to death because they were Freemasons. When Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892, he founded, “La Liga Filipina” Rizal eventually managed to get out (The Philippine League) an organization of Dapitan to serve as a surgeon in the designed to bring about reforms in the Spanish army in Cuba during the Span- government. By this time Jose Rizal had ish American War, and while traveling via become anathema to the Spanish gov- Spain the Colonial authorities ordered ernment and the friars; he was arrested his arrest and he was returned to the and banished to Dapitan in Mindanaw. Philippines. After going through the or- During the evening of the day the decree deal of a sham trial of fraudulent charges, to banish Rizal was published, a handful he was executed on December 30, 1896; of men took an oath to bind themselves the Philippine revolution had already into an association known in its short begun in August of that year. form as the “Katipunan” (Highest and Most Respectable Society of the Sons of Unfortunately, it took a revolution 37 initially led by Andres Bonifacio, and man. Instead the honor was given to the later by Emilio Aguinaldo, the Spanish- Freemasons. On December 12, 1912, American War, the Filipino-American the remains of Rizal were removed from War, (also referred to as the Philippine his sister’s home to the Masonic Temple Insurection), World War II with the oc- in the Tondo section of Manila. Led by cupation of the Philippines by Imperial Sinukuan Lodge No. 305, several Lodges Japan, the retaking of the Philippines by conducted a Masonic Service over the the Armed Forces of the United States remains. The next morning the Freem- along with the Filipino and American sons in full regalia marched in procession Guerilla forces, and the formal surrender to his sister’s home where Rizal’s remains of Japan on September 2, 1945, before were turned over to the government rep- the Republic of the Philippines became a resentatives. The remains were then taken reality on July 4, 1946. to the legislative building where govern- ment officials also held funeral services It was only after the Philippines was out before final internment at the Luneta. from under the yoke of Spain and the friars, and the occupation by the forces of There has been a controverey due to a Imperial Japan could Freemasonry begin claim by the Catholic Church that on the to flourish. In 1912, the Grand Lodge of eve of his execution Rizal had reem- Free & Accepted Masons was founded braced the church. The evidence refutes and at the present time there are close the claim. During his trial no cleric came to 300 constituent Lodges with approxi- to the defense of Rizal. Church officials mately 15,500 members. remained silent. Only many years after his execution when Jose Rizal became Jose Rizal is often described as the known as the “George Washington” of George Washington of his country. the Philippines did the Church make the He was a giant among men and is still claim. revered 107 years after his death not only by the Filipino people, but by men and Note: This paper was presented at the women around the world who cherish Philippine Consulate in 1999, by the freedom. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons of Hawaii on Jose Rizal, Marcelo Del Pilar, and Emilio the 138th Anniversary of the birth of Aguinaldo are recognized by the Grand Jose Rizal. The paper has recently been Lodge of the Philippines as the “Big revised by the Grand Historian. Three” of Freemasonry in the Philip- pines. Along with Andres Bonifacio References founder of the Katipunan, all of whom belong to the pantheon of great Filipino 1. A Short History of the Philippines by patriots. Teodora A. Agoncillo, 1969,

In 1912, Rizal’s family rejected a peti- 2. Votaries of Honor, by Grand Lodge of tion by the Jesuits to rebury the famous Free & Accepted Masons of the Philippines 38 DOUGLAS MacARTHUR, A FREEMASON FOR ALL SEASONS By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian Ballad of East and West association with the Philippines and post-war Japan, and Clare Lee Channault whose “Oh, East is East, and West is West, and American Volunteer Group, (The Flying never the twain shall meet, Tigers) who fought for Nationalist China Till Earth and sky stand presently at God’s in early 1942, and outflew and outfought great judgment Seat, Imperial Japan’s finest pilots in the skies over But there is neither East nor West, Border, China, Burma and India, knew exactly what nor Breed, nor Birth, Kipling meant in 1889, when he wrote “The When two strong men stand face to Ballad of East and West,” they had lived face, though they come from the ends of the it. (Chennault’s battleground later became earth!...” known as the CBI Theater in World War II), Rudyard Kipling For purposes of our story we will focus on Unfortunately a great many people are not Douglas MacArthur. Although he served aware of what follows the opening four- in France, Australia, New Guinea, Korea, teen words of Brother Kipling’s “Ballad of Japan and other parts of the world, he is East and West,” and as a result they reach most closely identified with the Philippines. an erroneous conclusion. Not realizing that Before we look at MacArthur the Freemason, their understanding is exactly opposite of we should pause to note a few highlights what Kipling was actually trying to convey, about the amazing career of this unusual they frequently quote the first lines of the man who was frequently at the vortex of ballad to bolster their position that the gulf controversy. between the people of the East and those of the West is so great, that they can never Douglas MacArthur graduated first in his really understand each other nor can they class from the U.S. Military Academy in work together. But Kipling was dead right. 1903, and had a meteoric military career. He Men who hail from opposite sections of the served in the Philippines prior to the first globe of widely diverse ethnic and cultural World War, was Commander of the famous backgrounds, of different races and religious 42nd Rainbow Division in France during persuasions, can and do work together in WW I and was wounded twice. He became harmony. Such men not only work together the superintendent of West Point in 1919. for the common good, but in many instances From 1930-1935 he was the Army Chief of their efforts result in outstanding accom- Staff. In 1935 he became military advisor plishments of a magnitude that commands to the government of the Philippines. He world-wide recognition. retired from active duty in 1937, but was recalled in July 1941, and was appointed Over the years some Freemasons have Commander of U.S. and Philippine Armed proved Kipling was right, both within the Forces in the Philippines. Masonic fraternity, and also in relationships between Freemasons and non-Masons. Free- When Imperial Japan’s Forces attacked the masons like Douglas MacArthur whose close Philippines in 1941, MacArthur’s American 39 and Filipino troops conducted a stubborn de- ship Missouri. Admiral Chester Nimitz ac- fense, compelling the invaders to pay a high cepted the surrender on behalf of the United toll for the Bataan peninsula and the Island States. fortress Corregidor. THE AMERICAN SHOGUN Regrettably, neither the U.S. nor the Philip- pine Armed Forces were strong enough, or Between the end of the war in the Pacific adequately equipped to repel an invading in 1945, and 1950, Douglas MacArthur was foe with the experience and of the size of Chief of the Occupation Forces of Japan, the Imperial Japanese Forces. Unfortunately and was responsible for the introduction reinforcements and equipment were not of a democratic constitutional government available either. in that country. Douglas MacArthur was a controversial figure, and like most men who On March 11, 1942, MacArthur was have held positions of great power, he had ordered against his wishes to leave the his supporters and his antagonists. However, Philippines by President Roosevelt, and was even many of his severest critics have credited evacuated to Australia. Arriving there weary him with doing an outstanding job during from the arduous journey, he was besieged the years that he was Chief of the Occupa- by reporters and casually commented, “The tion Forces, and the de facto ruler of Japan. President of the United States ordered me President Truman told him: “You will exercise to proceed from Corregidor to Australia for your authority as you deem it necessary to the purpose, as I understand it, of organiz- carry out your mission. Our relations with ing the American offensive against Japan, Japan do not rest on a contractual basis, but a primary object of which is the relief of on unconditional surrender...Our authority the Philippines. I came through and I shall is supreme.” In essence MacArthur had been return.” This last phrase “I shall return” came given a blank check, and he represented him- to symbolize the determination of General self as being soley responsible for administer- MacArthur and the United States, to drive ing Japan. He had enormous and absolute the Imperial Japanese Forces out of the power, and did not hesitate to utilize it. In Philippines. the judgment of many analysts and historians MacArthur’s governing of Japan was his great- In 1944, Douglas MacArthur became a est achievement, surpassing all of his military 5-star general. Return he did, and the Ameri- victories. Historians and “Think Tanks” can Armed Forces and the Philippine guerril- alike believe that if ever a man’s career and las took the Philippines in 1945. Other then personality fitted him for such a role MacAr- a few ships and aircraft, the Australians and thur’s did. As the ruler of Japan his flair for the British were told in advance that they melodrama and personal splendor and his would be excluded from the operation. As organizational experience were ideally suited far as General MacArthur and most of the for the task. It was MacArthur the American American leaders were concerned, it was a Shogun, more than anyone else, who helped private fight and except for the forces of the to lay the foundation for modern day Japan. Philippines, nobody else was invited. THE DRAGON STRIKES On September 2, 1945, as Allied Supreme Commander he accepted the surrender of the At the outbreak of the Korean conflict defeated Empire of Japan aboard the battle- MacArthur was back on active duty as head 40 of the United Nations Forces there. His States, after having been away for fourteen Inchon landings, and overall operation during years. In the closing statement of his address September 15-25, 1950, when the North to a joint session of Congress, he said in Koreans were rolled back, is still considered part “...Old soldiers never die; they just fade one of the most brilliant exercises in mod- away. And like the old soldier of the ballad, ern amphibious warfare. Unfortunately, his I now close my military service and just fade subsequent advance to the Yalu river and away an old soldier who tried to do his duty Chinese border, provoked massive Chinese as God gave him the light to see that duty, intervention which resulted in near disaster Good-bye.” for the U.N. Forces. He then began to issue public statements on how the Korean war THE PHILIPPINES should be fought, and became embroiled in a conflict with his superiors in Washington over At the outbreak of the Spanish Ameri- the aims of the war, which led to his being can War on February 15, 1898, when the relieved by President Harry Truman. U.S.S. Maine was destroyed by a mysterious explosion in Havana harbor killing 268 crew A COUPLE OF FREEMASONS members, very few Americans were aware of the fact that a Philippine revolution against At the time of MacArthur’s removal Presi- Spain had begun almost two years earlier on dent Truman was also a Past Grand Master August 26, 1896. The United States formally of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Before declared war on Spain on April 21, 1898. dismissing General MacArthur, President Truman consulted with his advisors, which Spanish interest in the Philippines began included Generals George C. Marshall who with Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition that was Secretary of Defense at the time, and departed from Spain on September 20, 1519, Omar N. Bradley who was chairman of the and after an extremely hazardous journey Joint Chiefs of Staff. In December of 1941, that almost decimated his fleet, the shat- George Marshall had been made a Mason tered remnants of a once proud expedition “at sight” by the Grand Master of the Grand arrived on the Island of Samar on March 17, Lodge of the District of Columbia. Omar 1521. Later he moved to the Island of Cebu Bradley had been raised in West Point Lodge where he proceeded to convert the islanders No.877, Highland Falls, New York in 1923. to Catholicism. During this period some of Dean Atcheson and Averell Harriman were his officers complained that Magellan seemed also consulted. The recommendation to obsessed with converting the Filipinos, and dismiss General MacArthur was unanimous... appeared to forget that his real mission was it was not the best of times for the Craft. to reach the Moluccas (Spice Islands). Shortly Douglas MacArthur was relieved by Lieuten- after arriving at Cebu Magellan made a fatal ant General Matthew B. Ridgeway who was mistake by interfering in a local feud on also a Freemason. Like Bradley, he was a the little Island of Mactan, and was killed member of West Point Lodge No. 877, and on April 27, 1521 by Lapulapu one of the was raised on May 1, 1924. He received his Filipino chiefs. 32nd degree in the A.A.S.R. (S/J) at Tokyo, Japan in October, 1951. The Spanish conquest of the Philippines began with the arrival of Miguel Lopez Douglas MacArthur received a tumultuous Legazpi on the Island of Cebu in 1565. After welcome when he returned to the United capturing Manila on the Island of Luzon, 41 he declared it the capitol of the Philippines established in the Philippines, primarily on June 24, 1572, and shortly after he died. by the same patriotic men who fought for With the conquests of Lagazpi, the conquis- independence first from Spain and later from tadors and the friars that followed him, they the United States. But this took place after paved the way for Spanish colonial rule that Spain had been defeated by the Americans, lasted for over three centuries. and Spanish rule was no longer in existence and the governing power of the friars was The Spanish colonization of the Philippines eliminated. had produced an all powerful governing force consisting of two components, the Spanish On May 1, 1898, the Spanish Fleet in the ruling officials, and the Catholic church in Philippines under the command of Admiral the form of the friars. The Spanish aristoc- Montojo was destroyed in the Battle of Ma- racy ran the government, frequently with the nila Bay by the American Asiatic Squadron help of the friars who in addition to acquir- under the command of Commodore (later ing vast tracts of land for themselves, totally admiral) George Dewey. The command “You controlled the entire education system in may fire when ready, Captain Gridley,” was accordance with what in their personal judg- given by Commodore Dewey at 5:41 a.m. at ment was best for the Filipino population. a distance of three miles, and America roared The Filipino people had no say or influence forth her first battle cry to the Spanish held in their government or their education. Philippines from the starboard eight-inch gun in the forward turret of the Flagship Freemasonry was not tolerated by the Olympia. On August 13th the Spanish Army Spanish government, and the friars used units in Manila surrendered to the American every means at their disposal to prevent forces under the command of Major General Freemasonry from getting a foothold in the Wesley Merritt. In America both the govern- Philippines. The first official doctrine- ban ment and the people were divided on the ning Freemasonry in the Philippines was a issue of the future status of the Philippines. Royal Letter Patent dated January 19, 1816, Initially many of the Filipino leaders thought issued by the Council of the Regency of Spain the Philippines would be treated like Cuba and the Indies, and reads in part as follows: and granted freedom. But in the end, the “One of the most serious evils that afflict the Philippines came under the United States. Church and State is the growth of the order of Freemasons, so repeatedly proscribed by On December 10, 1898 a peace treaty the Sovereign Pontiffs and by all Catholic was signed between the United States and Sovereigns of Europe...It is to the advantage Spain in Paris. Under the terms of the treaty, of the spiritual welfare of the faithful and for Spain reluctantly ceded the Philippines, the peace of nations to prevent, with the most Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States scrupulous vigilance, the meetings of this for $20,000,000, with Cuba becoming an class of people; and having discovered in the independent country. No Filipino representa- Indies some of those wicked secret religious tives were present. societies...I have decided...to order and com- mand all Judges in those dominions of the Neither Emilo Aguinaldo the president of ordinary Royal Jurisdiction...shall proceed the Philippine Revolutionary government against the above mentioned Freemasons...” and one of its foremost Freemasons, nor the vast majority of his countrymen had any Eventually Freemasonry became very well intention of exchanging the despotism of the 42 friars and their Spanish oppressors for the which he knew to be dangerous, to obtain paternalism of the American liberator. They timber for piling and was ambushed by two wanted the same complete freedom that the guerrilla fighters. A bullet tore through the United States had granted to Cuba, and crown of his campaign hat and lodged in a would settle for nothing less. As a result of the sapling behind him. MacArthur drew his impact of the Paris treaty on the Philippines, .38 revolver and shot both guerrillas. He a fierce and bloody conflict arose between contracted malaria in 1904, and was trans- the Americans and the Filipinos. ferred back to Manila. While there he passed his examination for the rank of first lieuten- In the United States the fighting is referred ant, and was subsequently ordered to survey to as the Philippine Insurrection, the Filipino Mariveles, at the tip of Bataan. people call it the Philippine-American War. Many American and Filipino scholars believe Dining at the Army-Navy Club one eve- the term “Philippine Insurrection” is not only ning with a fellow officer a contradiction in terms, but in concept as well. Irrespective of how one chooses to iden- he was introduced to two young Filipinos, tify the fighting, it was ruthless and savage, Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmena. More and there were Freemasons on both sides who than likely none of these three men could fought against each other. foresee that in the years to follow fate would bring them together during a devastating war Arthur MacArthur the father of Douglas, and in peace time. had won the Congressional Medal of Honor as a Union Officer at Missionary Ridge in Manuel Luis Quezon is considered by many the Civil War. He was made a Master Filipinos as the Father of Philippine Indepen- Mason in Magnolia Lodge No.60 at Little dence. He was Grand Master of the Grand Rock Arkansas on December 5, 1879. In the Lodge of the Philippines in 1918, the first Spanish American war he led a contingent Filipino to hold that exalted office. Manuel against the Spanish army in Manila and later Quezon was president of the Commonwealth fought against the Filipinos in the Philippine of the Philippines from 1935 until his death Insurrection. at Lake Saranac, New York, on August 1, 1944. He was inaugurated for his second Douglas MacArthur had yet to get some term of office as President in an air-raid shel- glimmer of the meaning of Brother Kipling’s ter on Corregidor. “Ballad of East and West,” when in 1903, as a young 1st Lieutenant in the Corps of Engi- Sergio Osmena served as Vice-President of neers, he was assigned to the Philippines. He the Philippines under Quezon, and accompa- was posted first to the port of Iloilo on Panay nied him to the United States after the Impe- and later to Tacloban where he supervised rial Forces of Japan had taken the Philippines. the construction of a dock and led patrols He became President when Quezon died. In on Leyte. Although President Theodore January 1945 he accompanied Mac Arthur as Roosevelt issued a proclamation on July 4, they waded ashore at Leyte, and later helped 1902 ending the Philippine Insurrection, to integrate the Filipino guerrilla forces with that didn’t stop some of the Visayan men the U.S. Army. Osmena became head of the from venting their dislike of the Americans, new civilian government after the Philippines which MacArthur had been warned about. In was liberated. November he led a detachment into a jungle 43 Thirty-two years after meeting Quezon and of the Philippines in 1900-1901. Concluding Osmena, when MacArthur was raised to the the ceremony, some twenty grizzled veter- sublime degree of Master Mason in the Phil- ans still possessing the military bearing of a ippines, he began to appreciate the sentiment bygone era, and almost all Past Masters, who expressed by Kipling in “The Ballad Of East had served with General Arthur MacArthur, And West.” 36 years before, lined up in the East. It was an extraordinary ceremony, the Freemasons of THE FREEMASON the Philippines welcomed a prominent Amer- ican General into the Craft as a brother, and Douglas MacArthur became a Freemason also paid homage to his father a Freemason while serving as field marshal in the capac- who some of the brethren had fought along ity of military advisor to the commonwealth side of, and others had undoubtedly fought government of the Philippines. He did not against a generation before. It was a golden join the Craft in the conventional way by pe- moment for Freemasonry in the Philippines titioning a Lodge for the degrees of Masonry. and for Douglas MacArthur who had always For that matter, either by design or by fate wanted to be a Freemason like his father. The MacArthur did very few things during his ceremony lasted for two hours. lifetime in the conventional manner. After being raised to the sublime degree of For the second time in the history of the Master Mason, Douglas MacArthur affiliated Grand Lodge of the Philippines, Most Wor- with Manila Lodge No.1 and on March 13th shipful Samuel Hawthorne exercised joined the Scottish Rite. On October 19, 1937, he was elected Knight Commander his prerogative to make a “Mason at sight” Court of Honor, and on December 8, 1947, on January 17, 1936, in the presence of over he was coroneted Honorary 33rd Degree at six hundred Master Masons who watched in the American Embassy in Tokyo. He became breathless silence in a crowded hall, Samuel a life member of the Nile Shrine Temple in Hawthorne, Grand Master of Masons in the Seattle, Washington. Philippines made General Douglas Mac- Arthur a Mason at sight. MacArthur was WHAT WENT WRONG IN HAWAII IN visibly moved throughout the ceremony. DECEMBER 1941? The Entered Apprentice Degree was given with P.G.M. Frederick H. Stevens presiding. Knowing that some high-ranking military Immediately following, P.G.M. Francisco A. officers had testified falsely, and on incom- Delagado conferred the Fellowcraft Degree plete information before the two Army Pearl on MacArthur. When it was concluded, Harbor Boards investigating the events M.W. Samuel Hawthorne raised General leading up to, and including the December 7, MacArthur to the sublime degree of Master 1941, surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by the Mason. Empire of Japan, Henry L. Stimson Secretary of War, decided in 1944, that he was going It was an impressive ceremony and it in- to get at the truth of the matter. Investiga- cluded an address by P.G.M. Eugene Stafford tions conducted up to that time produced who recalled his very close association with a lot of finger-pointing, an opportunity for MacArthur’s father, General Arthur MacAr- some high-ranking military officers to settle thur when he commanded the Philippine old scores, and a chance for some high level division and later served as Military Governor civilian government officials to inject their 44 political biases into the proceedings, and also interviewed General Douglas MacArthur revealed an alarming degree of inter-service ri- in Manila in 1945, he encountered no such valry. All of which resulted in a distorted and problems. He found the General forthcoming murky picture of what had occurred, with and cooperative, as was his Chief of Intelli- no definitive answers. It was coupled with gence, Major General Willoughby. Both men rumors of conspiracy on the part of President gave Major Clausen sworn affidavits, with no Roosevelt, and some of the men close to him, fuss or equivocation. which was generated by unsubstantiated information, and biased political opponents. As Bro. Clausen was about to depart at the The primary problem was that in addition to conclusion of the interview, General Mac- the above, the second Army Navy Pearl Har- Arthur talked to him about some personal bor Board had based its report on misleading matters, and the Major told him that when testimony, and the lack of critical decrypted the war began he had been the Grand Orator information that had been excluded from the of the Grand Lodge of California and Hawaii. investigation! This led to a discussion about Freemasonry, and General MacArthur kept Major Clausen Henry Stimson appointed a young unas- in his office for almost an hour talking about suming major who was a lawyer from the the Craft. The following is Bro. Clausen’s ac- Army’s Judge Advocate General’s Corps, to count of what ensued, “He talked about how conduct a special investigation and question to expand in the Far East the moral principles any one under oath from enlisted person- of Freemasonry. Every dictator in history has nel to the Chief of Staff, General George C. tried to put the Masons out of business be- Marshall, who in his judgment was involved cause they believe in freedom. MacArthur was or had pertinent information. The young ma- positive that Hitler had poisoned the minds jor was Henry C. Clausen who had served as of the Japanese against the Masonic Order for the Assistant Recorder to the Army Pearl Har- this very reason, and that was why the Impe- bor Board’s investigation during the period rial Government of Japan forbade their men July 24, 1944 to October 19, 1944, Clausen from joining the order. MacArthur promised was a Freemason, who after the war became me that if and when he got to Japan, he was the Grand Master of Masons in California going to make sure that such provisions were and Hawaii, and later the Sovereign Grand eliminated from any future Constitution. He Commander, Supreme Council, Ancient and did, too.” Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States. “Since we are talking in this fashion,’ I (Clausen) said, may I tell you about the Brother Clausen was given written carte plight of some Masonic people in Manila? We blanche authority by Secretary Stimson to have a Lodge not far from here. I drove there conduct his investigation. He talked to nu- the other day, and they don’t have any pencils. merous generals, admirals, and lower ranking They don’t have any paper. The Japanese con- officers, some of whom initially were less than fiscated everything. I went to the PX and got cooperative. After they learned the full extent a load of groceries and gave it to one of the of Bro. Clausen’s authority, and that he was heads, and he gave me a ring to give to my in possession of ultrasecret decoded Japanese wife. Would there be any objection, General, messages, which he wore in a self-destructing to my using the military mail to send over case, they developed a remarkable improve- some implements that are used to start up the ment in memory. When Bro. Clausen Masonic Lodge, items such as rods, Bibles 45 and so forth?” “Absolutely not,” MacArthur the establishment of Freemasonry in that said. “I’m a Mason, my G-2, Willoughby, is country, and vigorously promulgated the a Mason, We’ll make the arrangements for tenets of the Craft in his dealings with the you.” government officials and people of Japan. When M.W. Estaban Munarriz Grand Master Our Late Bro. Clausen in his book “Pearl of Masons in the Philippines, visited Japan Harbor Final Judgment” describes the sub- in 1949, he was received by General Mac- sequent events as follows, “Well Willoughby Arthur who encouraged him and the other went overboard. He told me to send anything Freemasons present to spread the principles of I wanted. So, when I got back to Washington, Freemasonry in Japan. I thought that the first thing I should send was a master’s hat, because the Master of the In his Inaugural Address, M.W. Werner P. Masonic Lodge wears a tall silk hat, plus rods Schetelig, Grand Master of Masons in the and other implements of the order. The Ma- Philippines said in part “A District Grand sons in Washington thought I was nuts, but Lodge for Japan has come into being....to I managed to get everything that was needed consolidate what Philippine Masonry decided to start the Lodge going again, and shipped to do a few years ago upon the suggestion it to Manila. In later years, whenever Wil- of Brother MacArthur.” On June 2, 1954, loughby came through San Francisco from M.W. Worshipful Schetelig, and his Grand Japan, where he was stationed in MacArthur’s Secretary, Grand Marshal, and Grand Chap- occupation headquarters, he’d stop by and tell lain flew to Tokyo and instituted the District me about the Masons in Manila. MacArthur Grand Lodge of Japan. In 1957, the Grand was also instrumental in getting the confis- Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Japan cated Masonic property in Manila and Japan was founded. returned to the Masons.” When Douglas MacArthur completed his Seven months later in 1945, after traveling service in Japan and the Philippines, he could 55,000 miles, and obtaining sworn affidavits fully appreciate Bro. Kipling’s “Ballad of East from almost one hundred Army, Navy, civil- and West,” first hand. His relationship with ian and British personnel, Henry Clausen the people of the Philippines and Japan at presented Secretary of War Stimson with an all political, military, social and economical 800-page Top Secret Report, which revealed levels validated Bro. Kipling’s belief that race a failure by the United States to exploit the and ethnicity are not a barrier when good invaluable intelligence it had obtained prior men work together to achieve a goal for the to the attack on Pearl Harbor. The report common good. also reveals the truth about Pearl Harbor, and puts an end to all the conspiracy theories mis- AFTER THE STORM takenly based on perjured testimony and self- serving misinformation that unfortunately After he retired from the Army for the continues to pollute some historical records. second time, Douglas MacArthur addressed several groups on Americanism and Freema- PROMOTING THE CRAFT sonry. On one occasion he made the fol- lowing presentation about Freemasonry: “It A little known fact is that when he became embraces the highest moral laws and will bear Chief of the Occupation Forces in Japan the test of any system of ethics or philosophy General MacArthur did his best to promote ever promulgated for the uplift of man...its 46 requirements are the things that are right, and its restraints are the things that are wrong... Philippine Freemasonry, by Teodoro M. inculcating doctrines of patriotism and Kalaw, 1920. An English translation from brotherly love, enjoying sentiments of exalted the Spanish by Frederick H. Stevens & Antonio benevolence, encouraging all that is good, Amechazurra, 1956. McCullough Printing. kind and charitable, reprobating all that is cruel and oppressive, its observance will uplift American Caesar, Douglas MacArthur everyone under its influence ...to do good to 1880-1964, by William Manchester, 1978. others, to forgive enemies, to love neighbors, Little, Brown. to restrain passions, to honor parents, to re- spect authority, to return good for evil, not to Philippine American Relations, by Frank H. bear false witness, not to lie, not to steal-these Golay, 1966. are the essential elements of the moral law.” The American Pacific, by Arthur P. Dudden, In 1961, at age 81, MacArthur was invited 1992. Oxford University Press. to the Philippines to join in the celebration of the 15th Anniversary of the formation of the The Craft In The East, by Christopher Haffner, Republic of the Philippines. In Manila over 1988. District Grand Lodge of Hong Kong. two million people gathered to cheer him as the man who led the battle to liberate them The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur, by from the oppressive rule of Imperial Japan in Frazier Hunt, 1954. Signet Books. World War II. MacArthur died at age 84, in 1964. A Choice of Kipling’s Verse, by T.S, Eliot, 1941. First published in this edition, 1963, Underneath the sometimes imperious man- by Messrs. Methuen and Macmillan. ner of Douglas MacArthur who had suffered the bitter agony of military defeat and had Pearl Harbor Final Judgement, by Henry also basked in the glory of highly successful C. Clausen and Bruce Lee, 1992. Crown major military victories, was a man whose be- Publishers. lief in the tenets of Freemasonry was absolute. The Medal of Honor, The Letter G In Valor, by ADDENDUM S. Kenneth Baril, Revised 1995, Weidner Publishing Group. At age 62 Douglas MacArthur was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for MacArthur, by Sidney L. Mayer, 1971, Bal- conspicuous leadership in the Philippines. lantine Books Douglas MacArthur and his father Arthur MacArthur are the only father and son MacArthur in Japan, by Sidney L. Mayer, recipients of the highest military award for 1973, Ballantine Books bravery that can be given to an individual in the United States. Note: The author is a Past Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Hawaii F,& A.M. Bibliography and presently the Grand Historian.

Votaries of Honor, Grand Lodge of the Philip- pines, 1984. 47 “INSIDE THE BROTHERHOOD” “Further Secrets of the Freemasons” By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian For the Brethren who have not read Craft he encountered mourned Knight’s Martin Short’s “Inside the Brother- passing, caused Short to pursue a course hood” it was published in 1998, and to determine if foul play was the cause berates English Freemasonry for over of Knight’s death. Short then tells the 500 pages. In order to fully appreciate reader that Knight’s brain tumor was what author Short is up to, one has to anything but normal, and then specu- have read “The Brotherhood,” “The lates whether a natural brain tumor can Secret World of Freemasons” by the late be induced by unnatural means but not Stephen Knight which was published in recognized as such! He appears to drop 1984. Knight’s book while claiming the the subject at that point. But his next author had no bias (which was not true) paragraph begins as follows, “Murder was viciously critical of English Free- and vengeance form the centerpiece of masonry. Unfortunately for the United some of Freemasonry’s most evocative Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) the ritual, so it is hardly surprising that one book became a National bestseller. Most recurring feature of anti-Freemasonry is of the English news media jumped on the claim that Masons really go around the bandwagon and declared “Open killing people to protect their secrets Season” on the Craft in England. The and avenge injuries to their reputation.” book didn’t do bad in the United States So much for objectivity. but fortunately it failed to ignite the anti-Masonic rhetoric to the frenzied Short’s technique is subtle, but effective. level experienced by the UGLE. He does not directly accuse the Free- masons of causing the death of Knight, Stephen Knight’s medical problems but deftly structures his writing so the began in 1977, with epileptic attacks. reader might unwittingly do it for him. In 1980, a brain scan revealed a cerebral tumor, a malignant cancer. He died The publisher of “Inside The Broth- in 1985, at age thirty-three, eighteen erhood” stated that the secrecy that months after “The Brotherhood” was surrounds Freemasonry has tradition- published. ally been its greatest strength, but today it has become its greatest enemy. In According to Short, upon interviewing today’s society a great many people feel several Freemsons in connection with they have to know everything about ev- the death of Knight, none of them ex- erybody, and privacy to the extent it ex- pressed any grief over it and some even ists is equated with secrecy and usually suggested justice had been served. The given a negative connotation. So one is fact that none of the members of the inclined to agree with the editor.

48 mon is to condemn the Craft as a whole Stephen Knight considered his book whenever they learned of a member who “THE BROTHERHOOD” an expose was involved in un-Masonic conduct... of Freemasonry in England with an oc- Short makes a career out of criticizing casional negative reference to the Craft the Craft whenever he was able to report in the United States. He saw no redeem- on a fallen brother. Freemasons helping ing features of this “secret society.” one another is a practice which both authors vigorously condemn because The success of “The Brotherhood” as a they always portray such actions as being national bestseller did not go unnoticed done at the expense of non-Masons. by Martin Short. He tells the reader that his book “INSIDE THE BROTHER- One can’t help wondering if Short who HOOD” is a sequel to Knight’s “THE claims to be an investigative reporter BROTHERHOOD” which Knight would be so quick to condemn his col- would have written if he had lived. This leagues in the media for unprofessional is true to the extent that Knight indicat- conduct or helping certain members ed in his book he was collecting material while leaving others out? to update his book. This provided Short with a ready-made justification to pro- A major point both authors dwell on duce his own book exposing the Craft in is that irrespective of claims made by England. Freemasons that the Craft is not a secret society, it is just that. The position taken If Knight created a best seller by being by some Freemasons that Freemasonry severely critical of Freemasonry in Eng- is not a secret society, but has some land, why couldn’t Short take advantage secrets is totally rejected by Short and of this “feeding frenzy” by expanding Knight. The authors also claim that on Knight’s work, label it a sequel, and Freemasons don’t practice what they produce his own bestseller? Short’s plan preach. And that the high moral and to cash-in by further bashing the Craft ethical standards which Freemasons never materialized...his book never came claim to espouse is something presented close to approaching the volume of sales to members and non-members, but that Knight’s book did. rarely practiced by many Freemasons. Both authors don’t fail to tell the reader After reading both Short and Knight’s that Freemasonry is not compatible with books it becomes very obvious that Christianity. neither was unbiased. It doesn’t require a Sherlock Holmes or a Doctor Watson In essence, Martin Short’s “INSIDE to detect the bias of both authors. The THE BROTHERHOOD” is a very question is, which one had the greatest strong anti-Masonic book. But it should bias against the Craft in England? not be dismissed merely as the work of an author attempting to cash-in on One thing both authors have in com- the British public’s desire to know what 49 Freemasonry is all about. If anything media and some of the vociferous critics Short’s book is more damning than of the Craft would never equate privacy Knight’s book. A non-Mason reading with secrecy when applied to their own Short’s book or Knight’s book and not affairs. The standard which Freemasonry reading anything else about the Craft, is faced with is entirely different. For the can very easily be swayed to agree with media, if it is considered by them to be them, at least as it concerns English private it is perfectly acceptable. But if Freemasonry. it is a private matter that deals with the Craft, it is a secret, and we can’t have Whether we Freemasons like it or not, secrets. Therefore it is suspect and unac- and find such books grossly unfair to ceptable. the Craft, the fact remains that these books and books like them are read and Has anyone ever heard of an investiga- do great harm to Freemasonry. Knight’s tive reporter divulging the source of book created such a furor that is served his or her information no matter how as a wake-up call for the UGLE. Eng- critical it may be? Is such a practice of land learned that silence in the face of protecting one’s source of information a sharp criticism, was no longer acceptable private matter, or an acceptable secret? in present day society. This practice of Do I sense a double standard? 50 years standing was no longer a viable option for the Craft in England. Double standard or not we no longer have the luxury of ignoring substan- The UGLE learned that the most effec- tive criticism, nor can we maintain a tive way to deal with the criticism from measure of privacy that engenders severe the media was to “talk” directly to the suspicion that we have something explo- public...not only to the media. sively delicate which we must conceal.

Although Short’s book did not remotely This is not to suggest that we compro- create the uproar that Knight’s did, it mise our tenets to satisfy our critics. maintains a steady drum-beat of anti- We all recognize that considering what Masonry even to the extent of portray- some of our critics espouse, we certainly ing some aspects of the Craft as being have no desire to please them. I am not on a par with the Mafia and the Triads. suggesting that we morph Freemasonry Pretty strong stuff and repulsive to Free- into a social club or a service club. I masons, but nevertheless in print and am suggesting that we can make some available for anyone to read. changes in ‘form” without compromis- ing “substance” and one should not be In the case of the print and TV news confused with the other. media when dealing with Freemasonry, privacy for the most part equates with But most importantly, we must take the secrecy and secrecy as everyone knows is initiative and act, not just react. the way a conspiracy is concealed. The 50 FREEMASONRY AND RELIGION By Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian

Freemasons find it extremely perplexing with those who would seal off the light of that in spite of our high ideals and moral freedom and knowledge. As such we have standards, our belief in a Supreme Being and always been and continue to be one of the the Brotherhood of Man, and our religious primary targets for destruction by tyrants, and ethnic tolerance, we find ourselves extremists, and repressive governments. under attack and unjustly criticized. Many Freemasons have historically resisted them, of our new brethren are surprised to learn of frequently at the cost of the lives of many the viscous accusations against Freemasonry of our brethren around the world. When one largely in the name of religion, and also the considers the tenets and history of the Craft, it alleged great Masonic conspiracy to achieve is not difficult to understand why Freema- world-wide dominance. This paper will touch sonry has been anathema to Communist, on the religious aspect. Fascist, Nazi, and leaders of equally repressive forms of governments, and their followers. Some attacks are mild and come from those who have little knowledge about the Given Freemasonry’s belief in a Supreme Craft. While other assaults are made by those Being and the Brotherhood of Man, its who deliberately malign our fraternity and seek high moral standards and its ideals, its uncom- to outright destroy Freemasonry. promising rejection of atheism, its religious tolerance, and its diverse ethnic membership, It is not too difficult to respond to critics Freemasons cannot find any justification for who have little or no accurate knowledge the attacks (some very vicious) by certain about Freemasonry but have an open mind religious groups on our Craft. on the subject. Usually a cordial and construc- tive dialog will dismiss or at least minimize We are accused of having a Masonic anti-Masonic attitudes. God, and a Masonic religion, of being anti-Christian and being incompatible with Our real problem is with those who have Christianity. We are also accused of being a closed mind, a warped view of the Craft anti-religious, and often described as a satanic and who will use every means at their disposal cult that worships the devil along with other to discredit Freemasonry. An example of equally absurd and offensive charges. All of some of the most vicious and virulent attacks which are totally false and deceiving. on the Craft can be found on numerous Web sites. Freemasonry’s oldest document, the Regius Poem also known as the Halliwell manu- Freemasonry has been attacked by various script, circa 1340, is actually a poem of moral individuals and groups who have been hostile duties. It instructs Freemasons to “Pray we toward our Craft down through the ages. Our to God almighty...” this practice has been fraternity has always been assaulted by those followed by Freemasons continuously up to who want to control the hearts and minds of the present time. men in both the religious and political spheres. Freemasonry has without question repudi- We Freemasons are fundamentally at odds ated atheism. In its entire history Freemasonry 51 as practiced in our Blue Lodges has never as well as those who fought in our War of claimed or remotely suggested that it is a Independence such as George Washington, religion nor has it ever sought to compete Benjamin Franklin, and John Paul Jones to with any religion. Every Freemason and un- name a few were Freemasons. Are the extrem- prejudiced student of our Craft knows there ists who criticize Freemasonry so vehemently is no such thing as a Masonic religion. The telling Americans that these fine patriots of alleged Masonic religion by some of our crit- yesteryear were misguided men because they ics is in absolute conflict with our core beliefs as were Freemasons? Freemasons. Do we discard the memory and accom- No Master Mason who is a member of plishments of our WW II Presidents, Franklin a regular Masonic Lodge can possibly con- D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman, both of ceive of Freemasonry being anti-Christian whom were Freemasons? Were Freemasons in particular, or anti-religious in general. All like John J. Pershing who led the AEF in thinking Freemasons know that the Craft is not WW I, Jimmy Doolittle who led the first the enemy of any religion, but rather its ally. bombing raid over Japan in WW II, Claire Lee Also that Freemasonry is compatible with all Chennault of Flying Tiger fame, and Admiral the great faiths of the world, not the least of Ernest King who led all the U.S. Naval forces in which is Christianity. Any impartial, in-depth WW II misguided men or lacking in principles? study will prove this to be true beyond a doubt. As an interesting aside, the seal of the Grand Here in the Hawaii Jurisdiction we have Lodge of Israel is composed of the Christian a multi-ethnic population which is reflected cross and the Muslim crescent overlaid on the in the diverse membership of our Lodges. Star of David. This ethnic mix consists of brethren of many different religious persuasions with roots that To the extremists who would attempt to originate from almost every part of the globe. intimidate some of our brethren into leav- As a 47-year Hawaii Freemason I am proud ing the Craft, or to discourage good men from and happy to be able to say that in spite of seeking admission to our noble fraternity in the many different religions of our brethren the name of religion, your interpretations, coupled with their varied ethnic roots there is your conclusions, and your assertions regard- no religious or ethnic discord among them. ing Freemasonry, are not only contrary to simple straight forward justice, but thor- At no time have differences in religion and eth- oughly misleading. To you extremists who nicity disturbed the harmony of our meetings, condemn us on religious grounds based on our social affairs, or our public appearances. a superficial review of our tenets and some of our activities, you have failed to comprehend Looking at the terrifying religious and eth- what Freemasonry is all about. As such you are nic strife in so many parts of the world at the not in the least qualified to evaluate our Craft. present time, one cannot help but be reassured and gratified by the harmony we Freema- To all those who state that Freemasonry sons enjoy within our great fraternity. This is not compatible with this religion, or that congenial environment which is cherished by religion, you should know that down through all of our brethren is attributed to the practice the ages Freemasonry has been the handmaiden of tolerance, a hallmark of Freemasonry...and we of religion and continues to be. intend to keep it that way.

Some of the founders of our great nation 52 THE “MIGHTY MO,” A RENDEZVOUS WITH HISTORY Research and compilation by: Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS Grand Historian

She was battleship gray not black like Com- Whether it was a misconstrued adverbial modore Perry’s ships in 1853, and was the nuance or not, World War II came to an most powerful battleship afloat. She made end in a apocalyptic climax. On Monday, her way into Tokyo Bay on a mission that August 6, 1945, the B-29 bomber “Enola would formally conclude the most disas- Gay” dropped the atomic bomb code- trous war the world had ever experienced. named “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, which She was the USS Missouri, the “Mighty totally flattened and charred the city. Japan Mo,” flagship of Admiral William “Bull” had never known such total destruction or Halsey of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. staggering death toll. On August 8th the Soviet Union declared war on the Empire of THE UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER Japan and 80 divisions stormed into Man- OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN churia. On August 9th the B-29 “Bock’s Car” dropped the second atomic bomb The Potsdam Declaration by the Big code-named “Fat Boy,” on the old port city Three on July 26, 1945, broadcast to Japan of Nagasaki where the Dutch traders had in its own language and released over the first introduced Westerners to Japan. For landscape by American bombers, pledged the second time in three days another major “prompt and utter destruction” unless Japan Japanese city was destroyed, resulting in an forever renounced militarism and the mili- appalling number of dead and dying people. tarists, gave up its war criminals, withdrew from its overseas conquests since 1895, On August 14th Emporer Hirohito conceded human rights-and surrendered with the assistance of NHK technicians, unconditionally. There was no reference to recorded a peace announcement. To the the throne Japanese, announcements from the throne are called the “Voice of the Crane,” the im- but only a commitment to the introduction perial emblem and a bird that can be heard “of a peacefully inclined and responsible on high even when unseen. government” based on the free self determi- nation of the Japanese people. At noon on August 15th, in a thin voice Hirohito gave the following speech: “We At a press conference on July 30th the declared war on America and Britain out of Japanese ambiguous response, claimed by our sincere desire to ensure Japan’s self-pres- some was intended to mean the government ervation and the stabilization of East Asia, would not comment “yet.” The American it being far from our thoughts to infringe translators, depending on one’s research, upon the sovereignty of other nations or to interpreted this to mean there would be embark upon territorial aggrandizement... no comment “at all.” The response by the the war situation has not developed neces- Japanese of “mokusatsu,” was taken to mean sarily to our advantage...We cannot but “ignore.” “No comment” was a more ac- express the deepest sense of regret to our curate translation. allied nations of East Asia who have consis- tently cooperated with the Empire toward 53 the emancipation of East Asia...Our Empire representatives of the Empire of Japan came accepts the provisions of the Joint (Potsdam) aboard the USS Missouri to sign the instru- Declaration...” ment of surrender.

Author’s comment: Even at such a critical Overhead MacArthur’s five-star flag, with time the Voice of the Crane was in denial Nimitz’s five stars beside it floated beneath regarding the role of Imperial Japan in the the American flag which had flown over war, the tone of which hasn’t changed very the Capitol in Washington on December 7, much since then. It was undoubtedly one 1941. Commodore Perry’s flag was flown of the most misrepresented non-committal in from the Naval Academy at Annapolis declaration of surrender of all time. and draped on a bulkhead. Painted on a steel bulkhead in full view of the Japanese With the endorsement of Clement Attlee, delegation, were many miniature Rising Sun Stalin, and Chiang Kai-shek, President Tru- flags indicating the number of ships and man appointed General Douglas MacArthur submarines sunk and aircraft shot down by Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers the Missouri. (SCAP). MacArthur subsequently told the Japanese to send him a delegation to discuss At 9:00 a.m. after the Chaplain gave the the upcoming ceremony of capitulation. invocation and the recorded playing of the They were instructed to use the password Star Spangled Banner over the ship’s public “Bataan.” The significance of “Bataan” was address system, MacArthur appeared and not missed by the Japanese officials. They stepped directly up to the microphone. He advised MacArthur’s Headquarters that they was tieless, wearing an open shirt and un- preferred to use another password. A firm like the other officers, he wore no medals. directive was sent by MacArthur repeating With a single sheet of paper before him it must be “Bataan.” Eventually a delegation MacArthur said: “We are gathered here, rep- departed on August 19th in two Mit- resentative of the major warring powers, to subishi (Betty) bombers painted white and conclude a solemn agreement whereby peace marked with green crosses per MacArthur’s may be restored.” It would he continued, instructions. A dozen U.S. aircraft inter- “be inappropriate to discuss here different cepted them and the Japanese pilots signaled ideals and ideology or to meet in a spirit of “Bataan.” The American reply was “We are distrust, malice or hatred. Instead, both the Bataan’s watchdog, follow us.” conquerors and the conquered must rise to that higher dignity which alone benefits the The Japanese delegation was horri- sacred purposes we are about to serve. It is fied when they were shown a draft of the my earnest hope and indeed the hope of all surrender document. The Japanese version mankind that a better world shall emerge, began with, “I Hirohito, Emperor of Japan” one founded upon faith and understanding- using the pronoun “watakushi” for “I.” The a world dedicated to the dignity of man emperor always referred to himself as “Chin” and the fulfillment of his most cherished - the royal “we.” The change was made by wish-for freedom, tolerance and justice.” At the Americans as requested. the end he said: “As Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, I announce it my firm All the arrangements were made and purpose, in the tradition of the countries I everything was in place for the momentous represent, to proceed in the discharge of my occasion. It was September 2, 1945, and the responsibilities...while taking all disposi- 54 tions to insure that the terms of surrender in a steely voice said, “These proceedings are fully, promptly, and faithfully complied are now closed.” As the Japanese delegation with.” was being led away, he put his arm around Halsey’s shoulders and said: “Bill where the MacArthur’s speech was without rancor hell are those airplanes?” At that precise or vengeance. It was a total surprise to the moment a fleet of B-29s and Navy fighter Japanese delegation who had expected the aircraft came in from the South and roared worst. The Japanese delegation was stunned across the sky overhead as they flew toward by Macarthur’s lack of vindictiveness, espe- the mists hiding the sacred mountain of cially those who were associated, or familiar Fujiyama. with Japan’s actions following the surrender of the Philippines, Singapore and the hor- The signing of the instrument of capitula- rors of Nanking. tion by the representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Allied powers on the 01 Two copies of the surrender documents veranda deck of the USS Missouri at 9:18 had been placed on a old mess table a.m. on September 2, 1995, officially ended covered with green baize. One bound in World War II. A plate on her deck marks leather for the Allies, and the other canvas the spot where the documents of surrender bound for the Japanese. General MacArthur were signed. used five pens to sign his signature on the documents. He was followed by the British, SPEAKING OF PEACE Dutch, French, Chinese, Soviet Union, Australian and New Zealand delegates. From the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor MacArthur handed the first pen to Lieu- and the other military bases on the Island of tenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright Oahu in the then Territory of Hawaii by the who had been left on Corregidor in 1942. Imperial Japanese Navy’s First Carrier Strike He assumed command of the U.S. Armed Force on December 7, 1941, to the signing Forces in the Philippines when MacArthur of the documents of surrender aboard the had been evacuated to Australia by order of USS Missouri, Americans had fought gal- President Roosevelt. Wainwright surrendered lantly around the globe, and had made great the Philippines in May 1942. The second sacrifices in bringing about the final victory. pen went to Lieutenant General Arthur E. Percival who had surrendered Singapore on Having just completed the formal February 15, 1942. The third pen would go ceremony of surrender with the Japanese to West Point and the fourth to Annapolis. delegation, MacArthur intended to speak The last was an inexpensive red-barreled pen the first words of peace which he felt the that belonged to his wife, which he used to Americans justly deserved. He returned sign the “Arthur” in his signature. She would to the microphone for a broadcast to the save it for their son. The emaciated Wain- American people and said: “Today the right and Percival who had been liberated guns are silent. A great tragedy has ended. from a POW camp in Mukden, Manchuria, A great victory has been won. The skies no had been flown in to Tokyo four days before longer rain death, the seas bear only com- the surrender ceremony on the Missouri. merce, men everywhere walk upright in the sunlight. The entire world is quietly at peace. Getting up from his chair at 9:25 a.m., The holy mission has been completed. And MacArthur walked to the microphone and in reporting this to you, the people, I speak 55 for thousands of silent lips, forever stilled have served you well and faithfully with the among the jungles and the beaches and in calm, deliberate, determined fighting spirit the deep waters of the Pacific which marked of the American soldier and sailor.....Their the way.” He went on to say: “Men since the spiritual strength and power has brought beginning of time have sought peace, but us through to victory. They are homeward military alliances, balance of power, leagues bound-take care of them.” of nations, all in turn failed, leaving the only path to be by the crucible of war. Now we THE USS MISSOURI, BB-63 have had our last chance. If we do not devise some greater and more equitable system, Ar- 1st Commanding Officer: Captain W.M. mageddon will be at our door. The problem Callaghan basically is theological and involves a recru- Keel Laid: January 6, 1941 descence and improvement of human char- Launched: January 29, 1944 acter that will synchronize with our almost Commissioned: June 11, 1944 matchless advances in science, art, literature Sponsor: Miss Margaret Truman and all material and cultural developments Design Crew Complement: 117 officers, of the past two thousand years. It must be of 1804 enlisted, 2700 for War Service WW-II the spirit if we are to save the flesh.” Design Comments: Last Battleship to be completed by the United States Navy “Nearly a century earlier Matthew Perry landed here to bring to Japan an era of Historical Highlights enlightenment and progress, by lifting the veil of isolation to the friendship, trade, Jan. 13, 1945, at West Caroline Islands; and commerce of the world. But, alas, Feb. 16, 1945, with Task Force 58 and the knowledge thereby gained of Western with the first air strikes on Japan since the science was forged into an instrument of Doolittle Raid of April 1942. oppression and human enslavement. Free- Feb. 19, 1945, invasion of Iwo Jima; dom of expression, freedom of action, even March 14, 1945, with carrier raids on Japan; freedom of thought were denied through April 1, 1945, at Okinawa. appeal to superstition, and through the application of force. We are committed to Was in carrier group that sank Japanese see that the Japanese people are liberated Battleship “Yamato” on April 7, 1945, which from this condition of slavery. The energy of had the world’s largest guns at 18.2”. the Japanese race, if properly directed, will enable expansion vertically rather than hori- April 11, 1945, hit by kamikaze near the zontally. If the talents of the race are turned main deck; July and August 1945, with car- into constructive channels, the country can rier raids on the Japanese Home Islands. lift itself from its present deplorable state to a position of dignity. To the Pacific basin has Sept. 2, 1945, the formal surrender of come the vista of a new emancipated world. the Empire of Japan took place on her 01 Today freedom is on the offensive, democ- veranda deck from 0902 to 0930 hours. racy is on the march. Today in Asia as well as in Europe, unshackled peoples are tasting March 25, 1949, the only United States the full sweetness of liberty, the relief from Battleship in commission. fear. And so, my fellow countrymen, today I report to you that your sons and daughters Jan. 17, 1950, ran aground 1.6 miles 56 from Thimble Shoals Light; refloated on Feb. 1, 1950. Note: General MacArthur, Commodore Perry, and General Wainwright were Freemasons. Sept. 14-March 19 1951, Korea; Oct. 25, 1952-Jan. 2, 1953 Korea; Feb. 1 1953-March 25, 1953 Korea.

Recommissioned July 1, 1986, to serve in Carrier and Battleship Command and Suport Groups.

Served in Operation Desert Storm from Jan. 15 to Feb. 27, 1991.

Commendations

Three World War II Battle Stars, five for -Ko rea, and served in Operation Desert Storm.

The USS Misouri has beyond any doubt, rightfully earned its designation as a reg- istered national historic landmark. It is a fitting symbol of the American spirit.

57 PHOTO GALLERY II: THANKSGIVING DINNER AND WBRO. FROILAN DOMINGO PRESENTATIONS

WBro. Tony Ligaya is shown entertaining our Thanksgiving Dinner guests with a song while Bro. Manny Valbuena contemplates with his number

Some of our Thanksgiving Dinner attendees going through the buffet line

Bros. Sal Mendigorin and Nestor Muyot, being assisted by Bro. Roland Resurreccion

58 WBro. Tony Ligaya (PM - 2005) prepares to pres- ent his successor, WBro. Froilan Domingo (PM - 2006), his Past Master’s Apron

WBro. Tony Ligaya, PM, congratulates WBro. Froi- lan Domingo, PM, fol- lowing the Past Master’s Apron presentation

WBro. Froilan Domingo, Junior Past Master, was presented a memento by current Master WBro. Ed Abutin

59 UNIFORM APRONS FOR LODGE PAST MASTERS By: WBro. Antonio M. Ligaya, PM

RWBro. Dennis Ing, WBros. Randy a wreath of maile, representing the Chang, Aaron Adams and Froilan Past Master wearing it, was shown Domingo, Past Masters all, who to Past Masters present in a meeting were, until lately, not presented their called for the purpose in June this respective Past Master’s Aprons by year. the Lodge are the first ones to wear the uniform aprons recently au- After obtaining the Past Masters’ thorized and acquired by Hawaiian approval of the final design, bids Lodge. were solicited from several Masonic Regalia suppliers and manufacturers WBro. Froilan Domingo, last year’s for its cost. The most reasonable, Master, reacting to commentaries if not the lowest, bid on the cost to by a Lodge officer during a Stated manufacture it was then presented Meeting in 2006, formed an ad-hoc to the Lodge during a stated meet- committee led by RWBro. Ing to ing this past summer, and, following look into the feasibility of coming discussions the Lodge authorized its up with a cost limitation on future purchase. Past Master’s aprons. At the same time, a motion to come up with a The uniform Past Master’s Apron uniform design for the apron was made its debut during the Past Mas- approved. Several designs were con- ters’ Recognition Night and Banquet ceptualized with the idea of paying in September this year, as shown in tribute to the Lodge’s Hawaiian leg- our Cable Tow’s Third Quarter issue. acy, until the final one, executed by (Look for a picture of WBro. Froi- Bro. Craig Ing (a California-based lan Domingo being presented his commercial artist and a life member in this issue.) WBros. Bob Schultz, of Schofield AND RWBro. Den- Rick Huston, and this author each nis’ brother) – with pikake flowers bought an apron at their expense. bordering the apron, and a couple Several other Hawaiian Lodge Past of native Hawaiian warriors on each Masters also signified their intent to side of the Square and Quadrant and purchase their own uniform apron. the effulgent Sun, surrounded by

60 A QUICK MASONIC EDUCATION: The ‘Missing Parts’ of the Lectures Revisited By: WBro. Antonio M. Ligaya, PM

(Note: The following article is re-printed from On being more honorable, etc. – a 2004 issue of our “Cable Tow”, with very “I now take pleasure in presenting to you minor updates, and with the belief that they this Lamb-skin, or white leather apron. It are as applicable now as they were before as is an emblem of innocence and the badge well as in the future) of a Mason, more ancient than the Golden Fleece or the Roman Eagle, more honorable Do you know, or, have you ever wondered than the Star or Garter, or any distinction why the Lambskin Apron is more honorable that can be conferred upon you, at this or than any distinction that can be given a Ma- any future period, by King, Prince, Poten- son, by anyone? As you progressed though tate or any other person. the degrees, you might have also been informed, at one time or another, that you It may be that in the coming years, upon your should not enter a Lodge in which you are head shall rest the laurel wreath of victory, at odds with a Brother; do you know where upon your breast may hang jewels fit to grace this admonition might have come from? the diadem of an eastern potentate; nay more Are you also aware that there is a beauti- than these, with light added to the coming ful section of the lecture in the Entered light, your ambitious feet may tread round Apprentice degree that many in our Hawaii after round the ladder that leads to fame in Jurisdiction are not even aware of? our mystic circle and even the purple of our Fraternity may rest upon your honored shoul- The answers to the foregoing may be found ders. But never again from mortal hands, in the following, which are the lectures as never again until your enfranchised spirit shall presented to me in my early days in our have passed upward and inward through the Fraternity, and which, have remained with Pearly Gates, shall any honor so distinguished, me throughout my travels all these years. so emblematical of purity and all perfections, be bestowed upon you as this, which I now To some of you, especially those who were confer. It is yours – your name is (or, will be) raised elsewhere, it might re-kindle memo- written upon it – yours to wear throughout an ries of your earlier days in Masonry and re- honorable life and at your death to be placed member them, or something similar. Most upon the coffin, which shall contain your of you will not even recognize them. They earthly remains, and, with them laid beneath are presented to you, not to replace but the silent clods of the valley. rather supplement, if not reinforce, what has already been provided you in our Lodge. Let its pure and spotless surface be to you an ever-present reminder of an emblematical or Theitalicized parts are those that might be unblemished purity of life and rectitude of new to you, relative to what you’ve heard, conduct, a never-ending argument for nobler and hopefully learned, in Hawaiian Lodge deeds, for higher thoughts, for purer actions, or elsewhere in our Jurisdiction. and for greater achievements. And when at last your weary feet shall have come to the end The Lambskin Apron – of their toilsome journey and from your nerve- 61 less grasp shall drop forever the working tools of and fires light up the volcano; but the earth, life, may the record of your life and actions be ever kind and indulgent, is found subservi- as pure and spotless as this fair emblem, which ent to his wishes. Though constantly harassed, I now place in your hands. And when your more to furnish the luxuries than the neces- trembling soul shall stand naked and alone saries of life, she never refuses her accustomed before the Great White Throne, there to receive yield, spreading his path with flowers and his judgment for the deeds done while in the body, table with plenty. Though she produces poison, may it be your portion to hear from Him she supplies the antidote, and returns with who sitteth as the Judge Supreme the welcome interest every good committed to her care; and words, ‘well done, thou good and faithful ser- when at last he is called upon to pass through vant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.’ the ‘dark valley of the shadow of death,’ she once more receives him and piously covers his It is hoped, my Brother, that you will wear remains within her bosom. This admonishes your apron with pleasure to yourself and us that from it we came, and unto it we must honor to the Fraternity.” shortly return.”

On being at odds with a Brother, etc. – Finally, although not a “lecture”, per sé, I “My Brother, let the lessons of the apron again offer this short poem by an anony- lectures sink deeply into your heart. You should mous author as food for thought: never put on this badge and enter a Lodge, in which there is a Brother with whom you are “Are you an active member, the kind that at variance or against whom you entertain would be missed? animosity. Should you find yourself about to Or are you just contented that you name is on take such a step, it becomes your duty to ask the list? the Brother to withdraw in order that you may Do you attend meetings and mingle with the amicably settle your differences. When this flock, is happily effected, you may clothe yourselves, or, do you stay home and criticize and knock? enter the Lodge, and work with that love and Do you take an active part to help the work harmony which should at all times character- along, ize Freemasons. But, if unfortunately your or are you satisfied to be the kind that “just differences are of such a nature as not to be so belongs”? easily adjusted, it is better that one, or both of Do you ever go to visit a member that is sick, you retire than that the harmony of the Lodge or leave the work to just a few and criticize be disturbed by your presence.” “the clique”?

The “missing” portion of the lecture of the There’s quite a program scheduled that I’m sure Entered Apprentice degree, albeit optional in you’ve heard about, other Jurisdictions – After we are reminded and we’ll appreciate it if you come and help us that as from our mother earth we came, so out. to it we must return: So come to meetings often and help with hand and heart, “Our mother earth alone, of all the elements, don’t be just a member; you know the right has never proved unfriendly to man. The bod- from wrong. ies of water deluge him with rain, oppress him Are you an active member or do you just with hail, and drown him with inundations; belong?” the air rushes in storms, prepares the tempest, 62 THE TEST Author Unknown

Several years ago, the story is told been thinking lately about asking a of a Mason who always wore his Mason how to join. I just wanted Masonic ring and lapel pin when in to see what you would do if I gave public. On some occasions, he rode you too much change. You passed the bus from his home to the down- the test. Can you tell me how to town area. On one such trip and become a Mason?” when he sat down, he discovered the driver had accidentally given him a When the Mason stepped off the quarter too much change. bus, he said a silent prayer, “Oh God, Grand Architect of the Uni- As he considered what to do, he verse, I almost sold you and my thought to himself, “You’d better beloved Masons out for a mere give the quarter back. It would be quarter.” wrong to keep it.” Then he thought, “Oh, forget it, it’s only a quarter; Our actions are the only Masonic who would worry about this little creed some will ever see. This is a amount.” really almost scary example of how people watch us as Masons and Anyway, the transit company gets may put us to the test even without too much fare; they will never miss us realizing it! Always be diligent, it. Accept it as a ‘gift from God’ and whether it be at the theater, restau- keep quiet. rant, grocery, service station or just driving in traffic. When his stop came, he paused momentarily at the door, Remember, whether it be and then he handed the a lapel pin, a ring, or an quarter to the driver emblem on the car, you and said, “Here, you carry the name of our gave me too much great fraternity on your change.” shoulders whenever you call yourself a The driver with a smile Mason. You never can tell replied, “I noticed your Ma- who might be watching! sonic ring and lapel pin. I have

63 HONOLULU LODGE INSTALLATION By WBro. Dale Palileo

On December 1st, 2007, the brethren of Honolulu Lodge, along with distin- guished guests, family and friends, met at the Scottish Rite Cathedral to celebrate one of the most important events in any lodge’s annual calendar: the annual installation of officers. I, together with ten other Honolulu Lodge brothers who were selected and qualified for their respective positions, was installed to lead a lodge that has been regarded as one of the busiest lodges in this jurisdiction.

As a member of Hawaiian Lodge and its Cable-Tow Committee, I humbly share with you photos of this momentous event which has marked a turning point in my Masonic journey. Enjoy.

The installed officers of Honolulu Lodge for 2008. TOP, left to right: Bros. Paul Gao, Wesley Davis, Jimmy Coleman, WBro. Frank Condello and Bro. George McClory. BOTTOM, left to right: WBros. David Kaohelaulii and Monty Glover, Bro. Dexter Carrasco, WBro. Dale Palileo and Bros. Garry Graham and Oguz Goknur. WBro. Kanani Baker and Bro. Milton Ander- son, who will be serving as Chaplain and Organist respectively, were off-island due to a family emergency. 64 LEFT: WBro. Frank Condello, Honolulu Lodge’s outgoing master, was also the Installing Officer. He was also installed as the lodge’s treasurer, replacing Bro. Milton Anderson. Bro. Milton will now serve as the lodge’s organist.

BELOW: WBro. Dale Palileo, taking the East for the first time. Representatives from Hawaiian Lodge, Leeward Lodge and Schofield Lodge attended the event.

LEFT: Honolulu Lodge brothers helping out in the kitchen

RIGHT: Honolulu Lodge corps of of- ficers in procession, led by MWBro. Don Wilson, Master of Ceremonies.

65 SPECIAL VETERANS RECOGNIZED By: WBro. Antonio M. Ligaya, PM

The Hawaii Masonic Code (HMC), §2436 Bernard G. Judson, David N. E. Kaohe- provides guidance on the recognition of laulii, PM, John D. Pringle, PM, Lawrence members in this Jurisdiction who have H. W. S. Au, James N. DeMoss, PGM, been in good standing for fifty (50) years or Thomas F. Wilkinson, Alfred K. I. Wong, more, and §2436 directs the responsibility Warren G. Schappell, Cletus M. T. Ching, of its presentation to the concerned mem- Charles M. Scurr, Gus Yong, William S. N. ber’s Lodge’s Inspector. Au

The HMC, however, is silent with regard 35-Year Awardees: to members in good standing for at least Lloyd L. Webb, Ronald E. Tish, Don E. twenty-five (25) years. Gill, Donald K. W. Lau, Teofilo E. DeAqui- no, PM, Edwin Y. W. Chun, PM, Ronald I This author consulted with then-Grand Tamashiro, William J. Neyer, PM, Ernest Y. Secretary MWBro. Lee Skinner and was en- Yamane, PGM, Martin H. Y. Wong, Robert couraged to pursue the idea of recognizing J. Thomas, Vernon F. Summerfield, Jr., A. such members. Armed with this encour- Lee Skinner, PGM, Theodore K. K. Ing, agement, this author designed a certificate Henry K. J. Chang, Monte L. Webb, Julio for presentation by the Lodge to members T. Melgar, Bill F. Eng concerned, and recommended its authoriza- tion to the Master, WBro. Ed Abutin who 30-Year Awardees: enthusiastically did! Hubert M. E. Chang, Dan A. Rose, Ken- neth W. Weatherington, Richard G. Gon- During the December 2007 stated meeting, sales, PM, James P. Malczon, PM, George about a dozen members were delightedly W. Clarke, Dante L. Ignacio, PM, Fred surprised when they were each presented H. S. Yang, Rodolfo A. Zapanta, Gary L. by WBro. Abutin their Special Veteran Catlin, Gilbert B. Barroquillo, PM certificates west of the Altar. A couple of photographs of the presentation are in this 25-Year Awardees: issue. Victorino D. Reyes, Alberto P. Alarcon, Ro- land G. Dorman, Bunny Y. B. Wong, PM, The following is a list of our Lodge’s Special Rodante S. Caguiat, Leighton M. S. Lum, Veterans: George E. K. Awai, Jr., Serafin P. Colme- nares, Jr., PM, Henry L. Wong, Severino R. 45-Year Awardees: Malajito, PM, Oscar M. Jayme, GM, Tomas Delfin D. Medina, Eric K. Vannatta, B. Arigo, Manolo C. Espiritu, Kwanlin L. Ricardo G. Fortuno, Paul Moy, Mordecai K. Wong, PM, Dennis T. Ihara, Lyle G. H. Hudson, Jr., John B. Pai, Charles H. H. Phillips, Jr., PGM, Antonio M. Ligaya, PM, Fong Florante A. Soliman, Wendell Y. M. Lew, Bernardo F. Biala, PM 40-Year Awardees: Ernest C. Martin, Antonio E. Asuncion, 66 WBro. Ed Abutin presents Special Veteran certificates to some of our Lodge’s members who have been Master Masons in good standing for at least the last 25 to 30 years

Special Veteran awardees (L-R) WBros. Tony Ligaya, Billy Biala, Kwanlin Wong, Bro. Manny Espiritu, WBros. Jun Colmenares, Bunny Wong, Gilbert Barroquillo, Bros. Vic Reyes, Tom Arigo and Bert Alarcon with WBro. Ed Abutin (in hat) following the awards presentation 67 BRIEF NOTES…

Members of the Cable-Tow Committee were recently honored, reelected, or elevated to higher positions in the fraternity.

WB Jun Colmenares, chair of the Cable-Tow Committee, was honored by Hawaiian Lodge with the Hiram Award, an award given by the Grand Lodge of Hawaii for dedicated service. Worshipful Master Ed Abutin cited WB Colmenares for his work as chair of the Cable-Tow Committee for the past three years and also for his community leadership in raising almost $80,000 in donations for the victims of the mudslide disaster in Southern Leyte, Philippines in 2006. WB Colmenares accepted the award in behalf of the members of the Cable-Tow Committee whom he credited for doing most of the work. WB Colme- nares was also one of the recipients of a certificate of longevity awarded by Hawaiian Lodge for those who have been masons for at least 25 years.

WB Tony Ligaya, who serves as associate editor of the Cable-Tow, was also honored dur- ing the December stated meeting for having been a mason for at least 25 years. He was also reelected Secretary of Hawaiian Lodge for the ensuing Masonic year.

Bro. Alex Escasa, who serves as circulation manager and photographer of the Cable-Tow, was elected Senior Warden of Hawaiian Lodge for the 2008 Masonic year.

WB Dale Palileo, who prepares the cover and layout of the Cable-Tow, was elevated to the oriental chair of Honolulu Lodge and installed on December 1, 2007. WB Dale will be taking a one-year sabbatical from the Cable-Tow in 2008 due to his busy schedule as Master of his lodge.

Bro. Sal Mendigorin, himself a Hiram Award recipient, congratulates WBro. Jun Colmenares 68 WBro. Jun Colmenares in a group photo with previous Hiram Award recipients Bros. Alex Escasa, Nestor Muyot, Sal Mendigorin and WBro. Tony Ligaya, and McKee Awardee WBro. Wilson Camagan

WBro. Serafin “Jun” Colmenares, Jr. being pre- sented the Hiram Award by WBro. Ed Abutin

WBro. Jun Colmenares, with his wife Letty and WBro. Ed Abutin, fol- lowing the Hiram Award presentation

69 PEOPLE ARE FUNNY! From the files of WBro. Antonio M. Ligaya, PM

One day, a man came home and was chardonnay’. greeted by his wife dressed in a very sexy nightie. ‘Tie me up,’ she purred, ‘and you ***************************************** can do anything you want.’ So he tied her up and went golfing. A wife was making a breakfast of fried eggs for her husband. Suddenly, her husband ***************************************** burst into the kitchen. ‘Careful,’ he said, ‘CAREFUL! Put in some more butter! Oh A woman came home, screeching her car my gosh! You’re cooking too many at once. into the driveway, and ran into the house. TOO MANY! Turn them! TURN THEM She slammed the door and shouted at the NOW! We need more butter. Oh my top of her lungs, ‘Honey, pack your bags. gosh! WHERE are we going to get MORE I won the lottery!’ The husband said, ‘Oh BUTTER? They’re going to STICK! Care- my God! What should I pack, beach stuff ful. CAREFUL! I said be CAREFUL! You or mountain stuff?’ ‘Doesn’t matter,’ she NEVER listen to me when you’re cook- said. ‘Just get out.’ ing! Never! Turn them! Hurry up! Are you CRAZY? Have you LOST your mind? ***************************************** Don’t forget to salt them. You know you always forget to salt them. Use the! salt. Marriage is a relationship in which one USE THE SALT! THE SALT!’ The wife person is always right, and the other is a stared at him. ‘What in the world is wrong husband. with you? You think I don’t know how to fry a couple of eggs?’ The husband calmly ***************************************** replied, ‘I just wanted to show you what it feels like when I’m driving.’

A Polish immigrant went to the DMV to ***************************************** apply for a driver’s license. First, of course, he had to take an eye sight test The opti- Fifty-one years ago, Herman James, a cian showed him a card with the letters North Carolina mountain man, was ‘C Z W I X N O S T A C Z.’ ‘Can you drafted by the Army. On his first day in read this?’ the optician asked. ‘Read it?’ basic training, the Army issued him a the Polish guy replied, ‘I know the guy.’ comb. That afternoon the Army barber sheared off all his hair. On his second day, ***************************************** the Army issued Herman a toothbrush. That afternoon the Army dentist yanked Mother Superior called all the nuns seven of his teeth. On the third day, the together and said to them, ‘I must tell you Army issued him a jock strap. The Army all something. We have a case of gonor- has been looking for Herman for 51 years. rhea in the convent.’ ‘Thank God,’ said an elderly nun at the back. ‘I’m so tired of 70 FROM THE SECRETARY’S DESK: Lodge Activities since September 21, 2007 By: Antonio M. Ligaya, P.M.

September 26 Proficiency Examination – 1st Degree Makiki Masonic Temple - Bro. Michael Asuncion Soriano - Bro. Adam Michael Smoller

October 3 3rd Degree – Stated Meeting Makiki Masonic Temple

October 10 2nd Degree Conferral Makiki Masonic Temple - Bro. Michael Asuncion Soriano

GL Inspector’s Official Visitation

October 17 2nd Degree Conferral Makiki Masonic Temple - Bro. Adam Michael Smoller

October 24 1st Degree Conferral Makiki Masonic Temple - Mr. Rodolfo Arenal Trias - Mr. John Edward McAlexander, Jr.

November 7 3rd Degree - Stated Meeting Makiki Masonic Temple

November 11 Masonic Funeral Service for Honorable Scottish Rite Cathedral Brother Herbert Gordon Gardiner

November 14 1st Degree Conferral Makiki Masonic Temple - Mr. Ty Damon Heller - Mr. Angelito Hipolito Santos

November 21 Hiram Award Presentation Makiki Masonic Temple - WBro. Serafin P. Colmenares, Jr., PM

Thanksgiving Dinner for Members, Families and Friends

December 5 3rd Degree – Stated Meeting Makiki Masonic Temple Special Veteran Awards Presentation Annual Election of Officers

December 19 Installation of Officers for 2008 Makiki Masonic Temple

December 21 Annual Christmas Party Hale Koa Hotel

71 N E C R O L O G Y

Hon. Brother Herbert Gordon Gardiner Grand Historian, Past Asst. Grand Secretary Golden Veteran Awardee Hiram Award Recipient Born: March 15, 1921 Raised: January 19, 1955 Died: November 6, 2007

“Almighty Father into Thy Hands We Commend the Soul of Our Beloved Brother”

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