First Princess of Wales, the Free
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A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
Thevikingblitzkriegad789-1098.Pdf
2 In memory of Jeffrey Martin Whittock (1927–2013), much-loved and respected father and papa. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people provided valuable advice which assisted in the preparation of this book; without them, of course, carrying any responsibility for the interpretations offered by the book. We are particularly indebted to our agent Robert Dudley who, as always, offered guidance and support, as did Simon Hamlet and Mark Beynon at The History Press. In addition, Bradford-on-Avon library, and the Wiltshire and the Somerset Library services, provided access to resources through the inter-library loans service. For their help and for this service we are very grateful. Through Hannah’s undergraduate BA studies and then MPhil studies in the department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic (ASNC) at Cambridge University (2008–12), the invaluable input of many brilliant academics has shaped our understanding of this exciting and complex period of history, and its challenging sources of evidence. The resulting familiarity with Old English, Old Norse and Insular Latin has greatly assisted in critical reflection on the written sources. As always, the support and interest provided by close family and friends cannot be measured but is much appreciated. And they have been patient as meal-time conversations have given way to discussions of the achievements of Alfred and Athelstan, the impact of Eric Bloodaxe and the agendas of the compilers of the 4 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 5 CONTENTS Title Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction 1 The Gathering -
Welsh Kings at Anglo-Saxon Royal Assemblies (928–55) Simon Keynes
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Keynes The Henry Loyn Memorial Lecture for 2008 Welsh kings at Anglo-Saxon royal assemblies (928–55) Simon Keynes A volume containing the collected papers of Henry Loyn was published in 1992, five years after his retirement in 1987.1 A memoir of his academic career, written by Nicholas Brooks, was published by the British Academy in 2003.2 When reminded in this way of a contribution to Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman studies sustained over a period of 50 years, and on learning at the same time of Henry’s outstanding service to the academic communities in Cardiff, London, and elsewhere, one can but stand back in awe. I was never taught by Henry, but encountered him at critical moments—first as the external examiner of my PhD thesis, in 1977, and then at conferences or meetings for twenty years thereafter. Henry was renowned not only for the authority and crystal clarity of his published works, but also as the kind of speaker who could always be relied upon to bring a semblance of order and direction to any proceedings—whether introducing a conference, setting out the issues in a way which made one feel that it all mattered, and that we stood together at the cutting edge of intellectual endeavour; or concluding a conference, artfully drawing together the scattered threads and making it appear as if we’d been following a plan, and might even have reached a conclusion. First place at a conference in the 1970s and 1980s was known as the ‘Henry Loyn slot’, and was normally occupied by Henry Loyn himself; but once, at the British Museum, he was for some reason not able to do it, and I was prevailed upon to do it in his place. -
By Charles Insley
Collapse, Reconfiguration or Renegotiation? The Strange End of the Mercian Kingdom, 850-924 by Charles Insley Reti Medievali Rivista, 17, 2 (2016) <http://www.retimedievali.it> The collapse of the early medieval European kingdoms (8th-9th centuries) edited by Iñaki Martín Viso Firenze University Press Reti Medievali Rivista, 17, 2 (2016) <http://rivista.retimedievali.it> ISSN 1593-2214 © 2016 Firenze University Press DOI 10.6092/1593-2214/522 The collapse of the early medieval European kingdoms (8th-9th centuries) edited by Iñaki Martín Viso Collapse, Reconfiguration or Renegotiation? The Strange End of the Mercian Kingdom, 850-924* by Charles Insley 1. Introduction The “C” manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has the following entry for the year 1007: In this year also Eadric was appointed ealdorman over all the Mercian kingdom (geond eall myrcena rice)1. This is quite striking phrasing, given that the Mercian kingdom had not existed as an independent political entity since – by some accounts – the 880s, some one hundred and twenty years earlier. One might be tempted to dismiss this phrase as antiquarianism on behalf of the compiler of the “C” manuscript, probably writing in East Anglia in around 1016 or 1017, except for the fact that the Mercians and the Mercian kingdom appear elsewhere long af- ter its supposed demise at the end of the ninth century2. A decade or so before Ealdorman Eadric’s appointment in 1007, the will of a thegn from Essex, in eastern England, named Æthelric of Bocking, had caused some political prob- lems3. Æthelric had died in around 995 or 996, having been accused of un- specified treasons. -
From Footnotes to Narrative
1 INTRODUCTION LANGUISHING IN THE FOOTNOTES: WOMEN AND WELSH MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY The era known as the high Middle Ages, in particular the thirteenth century, was an epochal period for Wales. While the high Middle Ages was a period of cultural transformation in all of western Europe, in Wales it was also a time of great upheaval and complete change, which was to have a greater impact on Welsh society than was experienced by most other medieval societies. In fact, for some, the effects of this upheaval and change in Wales may be described as catastrophic. The thirteenth century has been called the ‘age of the Welsh Princes’. Under the leadership of the rulers of the house of Gwynedd, the Welsh achieved some measure of independence from their English overlords during this century. For a time the native Welsh princes were able to mitigate their characteristic unrelenting internal conflict and factionalism and unite against their Anglo-Norman oppressors.1 Fundamental changes which were to have an overwhelming effect on Wales took place in England during this period. For example, the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries saw the gradual introduction of the English common law into England, much of which is still in use to this day. The ascension to the English throne in 1272 of Edward I, who unlike his two predecessors was a strong king, was another factor in this upheaval and change which took place in Wales. 1 K. Stokes, The Myth of Wales: Constructions of Ethnicity 1100-1300 (Monash: Monash Publications in History: 27, 1999), p.15. -
This Document Consists of 31 Printed Pages. [Turn Over Cambridge
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Pre-U Certificate HISTORY (PRINCIPAL) 9769/11 Paper 1A British History Outlines c.300–1547 May/June 2017 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 90 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2017 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level components. ® IGCSE is a registered trademark. This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 3 Pre-U Certificate. This document consists of 31 printed pages. © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 9769/11 Cambridge Pre-U – Mark Scheme May/June 2017 PUBLISHED Introduction (a) The banding definitions which follow reflect, and should be interpreted within the context of, the following general statement: Examiners will give their highest marks to candidates who show a ready understanding of the relevant material and a disciplined management of the discussion the question provokes. They will be impressed more by critical judgement, careful discrimination and imaginative handling than by a weight of facts. -
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Owain ap Hywel (b. before 929, d. 988) David E. Thornton https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/51404 Published in print: 23 September 2004 Published online: 23 September 2004 Owain ap Hywel (b. before 929, d. 988), king of Deheubarth, was the son of Hywel Dda, descendant of Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd, and Elen ferch Llywarch (d. 929) of Dyfed. Owain ruled the kingdom of Deheubarth, in south Wales, jointly from 950 and singly from about 954 until his death in 988. His father Hywel had possibly annexed Dyfed on account of his marriage into the ruling dynasty, and, on the death of his cousin Idwal Foel in 942, had added Gwynedd and other parts of north Wales to his kingdom. On Hywel's own death in 949 or 950 the southern portion of this kingdom fell under the collective rule of his sons, including no doubt Owain, while the northern portion was contested by the sons of Idwal Foel, Iago and Ieuaf. The two groups fought at Nant Carno (in Arwystli) in 950, which was a victory for the sons of Idwal and perhaps thus secured their position in the north. The latter were sufficiently strong in 952 to take the fight into Dyfed twice. In 954 Owain and his brothers retaliated and the two groups met at Llanrwst (in the Conwy valley, Gwynedd). The sons of Idwal were the victors; they slew Owain's brother Edwin, and afterwards raided Ceredigion. It is not wholly clear at what point Owain came to dominate Deheubarth as opposed to sharing power with his brothers. -
Anarawd Ap Rhodri (D
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Anarawd ap Rhodri (d. 916) Arthur Miller, revised by David E. Thornton https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/458 Published in print: 23 September 2004 Published online: 23 September 2004 Anarawd ap Rhodri (d. 916), king in Wales, was the son of Rhodri Mawr and Angharad ferch Meurig of Ceredigion. With the division of political power in north Wales on Rhodri's death at English hands in 878, later medieval sources credited Anarawd with either Powys or (more accurately) Gwynedd. He is often regarded as the eldest of Rhodri's male offspring, and therefore the natural heir to the regions of Gwynedd and Anglesey. The contemporary reference in the ‘Nennian’ recension of the Historia Brittonum calls Anarawd 'rex Monie' (‘King of Anglesey’) about 907–8. Whether his power extended eastwards into Powys (which may have come under Rhodri's control in 854–5) and southwards into Ceredigion (likewise in 872) is not clear. In 881 the sons of Rhodri Mawr fought the battle of Conwy, also known as the ‘avenging of Rhodri’, which implies both that it was directed against the same (English) foe who slew Rhodri and that Anarawd and his brothers were victorious. Later Welsh genealogies state that the battle was fought against 'Edryd Long Hair, king of England', possibly Æthelred, ealdorman of Mercia. The sons of Rhodri Mawr did not content themselves with fighting the English but also continued their father's policy of expansion within Wales. In his Life of King Alfred Asser states that predatory attacks by Anarawd and his brother had forced Hyfaidd ap Bleddri of Dyfed and Elise ap Tewdwr of Brycheiniog to seek the protection of the West Saxon king. -
In Search of the Dark Ages in Search of the Dark Ages
IN SEARCH OF THE DARK AGES IN SEARCH OF THE DARK AGES Michael Wood Facts On File Publications New York, New York Oxford, England For my mother and father IN SEARCH OF THE DARK AGES Copyright © 1987 by Michael Wood All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub lisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wood, Michael. In search of the Dark Ages. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Great Britain—History—To 1066. 2. England— Civilization—To 1066. 3. Anglo-Saxons. I. Title. DA135.W83 1987 942.01 86-19839 ISBN 0-8160-1686-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 987654321 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 6 Introduction 7 Genealogy Table 10 CHAPTER 1 13 Boadicea CHAPTER 2 37 King Arthur CHAPTER 3 61 The Sutton Hoo Man CHAPTER 4 77 Offa CHAPTER 5 104 Alfred the Great CHAPTER 6 126 Atheistan CHAPTER 7 151 Eric Bloodaxe CHAPTER 8 177 Ethelred the Unready CHAPTER 9 204 William the Conqueror Postscript 237 Book List 243 Picture Credits 244 Index 245 Acknowledgements I must first thank the staffs of the following libraries for their kindness and helpfulness, without which this book would not have been possible: Corpus Christi College Cambridge, Jesus College Oxford, the Bodleian Library Oxford, the Cathedral Library Durham, the British Library, Worcester Cathedral Library, the Public Record Office, and the British Museum Coin Room. I am indebted to Bob Meeson at Tamworth, Robin Brown at Saham Toney and Paul Sealey at Colchester Museum, who were all kind enough to let me use their unpublished researches. -
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Cadell ap Rhodri (d. 910) David E. Thornton https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/4296 Published in print: 23 September 2004 Published online: 23 September 2004 Cadell ap Rhodri (d. 910), king in Wales, was one of the sons of Rhodri Mawr and Angharad ferch Feurig of Ceredigion. Although he is described as 'king' on his death in 910 and possibly had held that status since the demise of his father in 878, the exact location and extent of his ‘kingdom’ is not apparent. Later medieval accounts of the division of political power following Rhodri's death invariably credit Cadell with Deheubarth (probably here meaning south Wales in general), and one version claims he outlived his brothers and ruled the whole of Wales. Most of this is patently incorrect. Rhodri Mawr's authority never even extended over Dyfed which remained independent until 903–4 when it may have passed to Cadell's son Hywel Dda. Cadell's longevity is incorrect also: the longest-surviving known brother was Anarawd ap Rhodri (d. 916) of Gwynedd. Cadell is often allotted Ceredigion, which Rhodri had probably acquired in 872 through his wife, Angharad. His sons probably controlled this kingdom in the mid-880s when (according to Asser in his Life of King Alfred) they were able to launch attacks against Dyfed and Brycheiniog, no doubt using Ceredigion as a base for such raids. However, in 895 Anarawd is said to have attacked Ceredigion and Ystrad Tywi with English help. Some have suggested that it had passed into Scandinavian control by this point whereas others, maintaining Cadell held the kingdom, would see Anarawd's action as an attack on his brother. -
Name Generation Third Generation from William R. Wilson, Jr. Deirdre D Griffith 20-3+ Romulus Riggs Griffith VI 20-3+ Dorsey
Name Generation Third Generation from William R. Wilson, Jr. Deirdre D Griffith 20-3+ Romulus Riggs Griffith VI 20-3+ Dorsey Meriweather Griffith 20-3+ Lesley Alsentzer 20-3+ Michele Alsentzer 20-3+ Benjamin Harry Collins 20-3+ Laura Cecelia Collins 20-3+ Erin Louise Wilson 20-3+ Second Generation from William R. Wilson, Jr. Romulus Riggs Griffith V 20-2+ Sarah Wilson Griffith 20-2+ Ruth Wilson 20-2+ Eric Daniel Wilson 20-2+ Karen Quinn 20-2+ Kathy Quinn 20-2+ Cindi Quinn 20-2+ Jeffrey Quinn 20-2+ Sean Quinn 20-2+ First Generation from William R. Wilson, Jr. Evelyn Fell Wilson 20-1+ Harry Tinney Wilson 20-1+ Jane Wilson 20-1+ Starting Generation (1) William R. Wilson, Jr 19-0 TZ-338 Generation 1 (2) William R. Wilson, Sr. 19-1 TZ-338; HIJ-217 Adelaide L. Hyland 19-1 HIJ-217; TZ-338 Generation 2 (4) John Alexander Wilson 19-2 TZ-338 Sabella Baker 19-2 TZ-338 Washington Hyland 19-2 HIJ-217 Anna Eliza Ellis 19-2 HIJ-217 Generation 3 (4) Alexander Wilson 18-3 TZ-338; HIJ-211 Mary Ann Hyland 18-3 HIJ-211; TZ-338 Jacob Hyland 18-3 HIJ-217 Elizabeth Thackery 18-3 HIJ-217 Generation 4 (4) Edward Hyland 18-4 HIJ-210; A-171 Julia Arrants 18-4 A-171; HIJ-210 Stephen Hyland 18-4 HIJ-216; HIJ-50 Araminta Hamm 18-4 HIJ-50; HIJ-216 Generation 5 (8) John Hyland 18-5 HIJ-210 Mary Juliustra/Johnson 18-5 HIJ-210 Johannes Arrants 18-5 A-171; TZ-153 Elizabeth Veazey 18-5 TZ-153; A-171 John Hyland 18-5 HIJ-210; HIJ-216; TZ-35 Martha Tilden 18-5 TZ-35; HIJ-216 Thomas Hamm 18-5 HIJ-50; TZ-15 Ann Thompson 18-5 TZ-15; HIJ-50 Generation 6 (12) Nicholas Hyland, Jr. -
Edgar and the Eight Kings, AD 973: Textus Et Dramatis Personae David E
Edgar and the eight kings, AD 973: textus et dramatis personae David E. Thornton The purpose of the paper is to examine in detail the alleged submission by Welsh, Scottish and Scandinavian rulers to the English king Edgar at Chester in 973, and particularly the claim made in a number of Anglo- Norman chronicles that these rulers rowed Edgar up and down the River Dee as part of this submission. All relevant texts (both explicit descrip- tions and possible allusions) will be presented and analysed, and the identities of the Celtic and Scandinavian rulers will be considered. The paper will argue that the rowing episode is a post-Conquest fictional embellishment based on earlier Old English material, and that the meet- ing at Chester in 973 was a `peace summit' rather than a straightforward submission. One of the more colourful episodes in the relations of tenth-century English kings with their Celtic neighbours is the submission of various Scottish, Welsh and Scandinavian rulers to Edgar `Paci®cus' at Chester, shortly after his coronation as king of England at Bath on Whit Sunday (11 May) 973. Accounts from the twelfth century and later state that these rulers not only submitted to Edgar's lordship but also rowed him up and down the River Dee. Modern scholarly opinion on this episode has varied: while some historians have denied that the accounts of the submission in 973 had any basis in fact, others have accepted them as wholly historical.1 I propose to re-examine the submission of 973 by presenting all the texts (both pre- and post-Conquest) which refer to it and discussing the identity of the kings who allegedly took part.