Community Reducing Noise at Source ■Introducing Quieter Aircraft As part of the global movement towards quieter aircraft, in International Landing Charges Based on the Narita Aircraft Noise Index scal 2002 Japan prohibited the operation of aircraft which do Global Environment Environment Landing charge per ton (yen/ton) not meet the provisions for noise standards set out in Chapter*4 2,500 3 noise standard by the International Civil Aviation Charges lowered 20% or more 1,950 2,000 *5 2,000 1,850 Organization (ICAO) . 1,750 Initiatives 1,650 1,550 In order to encourage the use of Chapter 4 aircraft which 1,500 come under more stringent noise standards, we have
Targets 1,000 Noise class introduced landing charge system for international ights that
Preserve the integrity of noise provides preferential treatment for quieter aircraft since scal 500 Community Environment impact zones as prescribed in A B C D E F 2005. The system o ers lower landing charges for international 0 the Noise Prevention Law Low High ights based on the noise level (Class A to F) of the aircraft Noise level Increase the ratio of quieter aircraft according to the Narita Aircraft Noise Index. The quietest Class A aircraft are charged at least 20% less than Class F aircraft. As Reduce the emission of air pollutants (per ight) the graph on the right shows, Class A to C aircraft which satisfy Ratio of Aircraft per Noise Category Sustain water quality in rain Chapter 4 standards have gradually increased since scal 2002 (%) The gures in the chart represent total ratios of low-noise aircraft (Class A to C) 100 Resource Conservation water runo when Chapter 2 aircraft were prohibited. The ratio increased 90.7 signi cantly after scal 2005 when new charge system was 80 86.4 87.6 81.5 84.3 85.4 introduced. 60 Low-noise aircraft Recently, airlines have been promoting the introduction F 40 E of new aircraft with state-of-art technology on their eets' D C 20 renewal. These aircraft make substantial contributions to B A reducing environmental impacts such as noise and greenhouse 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (FY) gases. * Including domestic ights Biodiversity Initiative theme *4 Chapters are noise certi cation standards for aircraft set by the Noise Mitigation Measures International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Upper-limits for noise levels measured at approach, takeo and lateral certi cation points are set out in 1 accordance with the maximum takeo weight of an aircraft. *5 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a UN (United Nations) Target and Performances as an aircraft noise countermeasure. The rate in scal 2015 specialized agency under the Economic and Social Council. It was established was 90.7%, ful lling this target. in 1947, and its headquarters is in Montreal, Canada. Increase ratio of quieter aircraft according to Narita Aircraft Noise Index Environment Management The noise mitigation measures are split into three (%) 90 FY 2015 target categories: Reducing Noise at Source; Improved Airport 90.7 90% Layout; and Community Programs. The main components of 87.6 85 86.4 our community programs include subsidies, compensation 85.4 84.3 and land use. They are implemented according to the Law ■Night Flight Restrictions (Airport Curfew) Concerning Prevention of Disturbance Arising from Aircraft Takeo Landing 81.5 Since opening in 1978, takeo s and landings at Narita 23:00 80 *1 Curfew time (no change) Noise, etc., around Public Aerodromes (Aircraft Noise International Airport have been restricted in principle between Flexible curfew (implemented Mar. 31, 2013) Prevention Law), and the Special Measures Law Concerning • Delays at departure airport 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., except emergency conditions or • Delays due to temporary 0 Aircraft Noise Prevention Strategies around Speci ed evacuation of another airport 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (FY) unavoidable circumstances, such as due to typhoon, heavy • Delays caused by chain-reaction delays *2 Airports (Special Act for Aircraft Noise Prevention). snowfall or other unusual weather conditions , or conditions • Flights returning to Narita • Delays caused by unavoidable circumstances As a landlocked airport, Narita International Airport has that a ect safety of ight operation and sudden/serious 24:00
implemented steadfast and detailed measures to mitigate *1 The Law Concerning Prevention of Disturbance Arising from Aircraft Noise, etc., medical cases. aircraft noise, the largest factor a ecting the local around Public Aerodromes was introduced to assist a ected residents in improving Emergency conditions (previously in place) the stability of their lifestyles and welfare by setting out provisions for prevention of As of March 31, 2013, night-time operating restrictions (Speci c examples) community since its opening. disturbance arising from aircraft noise; compensation for losses due to frequent • Exceptional conditions related to aircraft safety takeo s and landings; and establishment of other essential measures. In this law, were also relaxed. In addition to the above circumstances, • Exceptional conditions related to health and safety, In 2005, we instituted a unique landing charge system zones are categorized according to the noise level as follows: such as sudden illness or medical emergency permitting ights from 11:00 p.m. to midnight for situations • Search and rescue Lden*3 62 dB or higher: Class 1 zone / Lden 73 dB or higher: Class 2 zone / • Unusual weather at Narita Airport for international ights that o ers preferential charge to Lden 76 dB or higher: Class 3 zone (see p. 60) that are beyond airlines’ control, such as unusual weather etc. quieter aircraft, which has encouraged airlines to introduce *2 The Special Measures Law Concerning Aircraft Noise Prevention Strategies around condition at the departure airport. In scal 2015, night-time Speci ed Airports was introduced to prevent disturbance arising from aircraft 6:00 those aircraft. As a result, the number of quieter aircraft has noise and ensure rational, appropriate land use through the formulation of basic operating restrictions were relaxed 65 times. guidelines for aircraft noise mitigation, setting out regulations for land use and other increased each year since then. In April 2013, landing charges special steps. In this law, zones are categorized based on the level of disturbance arising Information on ights operated after airport curfew is from noise (see p. 60). for international ights were reduced even further. released the following day on the NAA website, “Information on Lden 66 dB or higher: Special noise prevention areas The Eco-Airport Master Plan (FY 2011–2015) set a Lden 62 dB or higher: Aircraft noise mitigation areas Flights After Curfew” (http://www.naa.jp/jp/csr/curfew/ target for scal 2015 of improving the introduction rate of *3 Lden : The Day-Evening-Night Averaged Sound Level (weighted by time of day). [Japanese version only]). Lden is a daily equivalent noise level, with evening and nighttime noise weighted as low-noise aircraft under the Narita Aircraft Noise Index to 90% louder.
26 Environment Report 2016 Environment Report 2016 27 ■Establishing and Monitoring Flight Corridors (Monitoring Zones) To minimize the impact from aircraft noise, ight corridors Aircraft Tracking Map with Flight Corridors (Example) Location Map of Aircraft Noise Monitoring Stations Year-Round Monitoring Results for FY 2015
(monitoring zones) for direct ascent and descent have been Ibaraki Ishioka Class 1 zone for Aircraft Noise Prevention Law Lden Comparison with Station no. Station name (dB) prior year Standard ight courses established from the Tonegawa River to the Kujukuri Omitama Class 2 zone for Aircraft Noise Prevention Law 1 Ichizaki *1 48.9 −0.2 coastline. They are monitored to ensure that aircraft do not Hokota Flight corridor Class 3 zone for Aircraft Noise Prevention Law Global Environment (Runway A) 2 Shin-Tone 54.2 ±0.0 Monitoring station 3 Shimokano 53.8 ±0.0 deviate from the corridors. Runway A departure 4 Kawachi 55.9 ±0.0 In the case of deviation from the corridors without a Namegata Runway A arrival Tsuchiura Kasumigaura 5 Nishi-Osuka 59.4 −0.2 valid reason such as weather or safety, the ight number and Flight corridor Inashiki 1 6 Uchijuku 54.6 +0.3 (Runway B) 2 7 Kuzumi 57.4 ±0.0 reason are disclosed to the public and the airline is issued a Ami Miho Runway B departure Kozaki 8 Araumi 61.9 −0.1 Kawachi 3 Ushiku 4 directive by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tsukubamirai Runway B arrival 9 Tsuchimuro (NAA) 56.3 ＋0.1 Katori 10 Inooka 59.6 −0.1 Tourism. In scal 2015, the number of aircraft deviating 5 Ryugasaki Toride 11 Ashida (NAA) 57.4 −0.2 Community Environment Kozaki 6 without valid reason was seven (0.003%). Kawachi Narita Omuro (NAA) 0.1 Tone Katori 7 12 58.2 ＋ Abiko 8 9 Sakae 11 10 13 16L 70.2 ±0.0 Tonosho Kamisu Inzai 13 14 Shinden (NAA) 54.0 −0.6 Shirai Narita 12 15 16R 71.6 −0.3 14 Tako 16 Hitokuwata 53.5 −0.3 Yachiyo Asahi 15 Shisui Shibayama Sakura Sosa Choshi 17 16 17 34R 70.7 −0.1 Tomisato Tako 18 Hishida-higashi 55.5 −0.2 Narashino 18 Hanamigawa Yokoshibahikari 19 21 Sanrizuka Yotsukaido 19 60.3 −0.2 Inage Yachimata 20 Elementary School Sammu Tomisato 22 24 23 Shisui 20 Sanrizuka Ground 64.1 −0.2
Wakaba Resource Conservation 21 Shibayama-Chiyoda 56.5 −0.8 Chuo 25 Togane 22 34L 73.5 −0.5 26 Midori Shibayama 27 23 −0.2 Kujukuri Kita 52.1 Ichihara 28 29 24 Shibayama-higashi 56.2 −0.4 Oamishirasato 30 Mobara Yokoshibahikari 25 Chida 57.4 −0.2 Yachimata 31 26 Ushino 57.1 −0.3 Nagara Shirako Sammu 27 Shibayama 56.1 −0.7 Chosei 32 28 Nakadai (NAA) 57.1 −0.5 33 29 Ofusa 56.0 −0.2 30 34 Yamamuro 54.1 −0.7 31 −0.3 Aircraft in Violation Yokoshiba 55.5 32 Matsuo 56.6 −0.2 Biodiversity 33 Kamisakai 55.0 −0.3 Fiscal year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 34 Hasunuma 54.9*2 −0.9 Number of aircraft *1 Ichizaki Station was closed in March 2016. deviating without 7 6 5 2 5 7 valid reason （0.004%） （0.003%） （0.002%） （0.001%） （0.002%） （0.003%） *2 Results of the Hasunuma Station are treated as reference value since it has a (percentage of total ights) long absent observation period during scal 2015. Number of ights 191,426 187,237 212,078 226,182 228,220 235,190 Short-Term Monitoring Environment Management Short-term monitoring is carried out by NAA to verify noise zone speci cations according to the Aircraft Noise Prevention Law. Aircraft noise is monitored at 58 locations along the boundary of Class 1, 2 and 3 zones over a period of seven consecutive days, mainly in summer and winter. In locations where particularly detailed information is required, monitoring is also conducted in spring and autumn. Lden values in scal 2015 were within the criteria for the speci ed zones under the Aircraft Noise Prevention Law at all short-term monitoring locations (see p. 61). ■Aircraft Noise Measurements Year-Round Monitoring To measure noise of take-o and landing aircraft, we have been monitoring aircraft noise since opening in 1978, presently with 33 ■Airport Ground Noise Monitoring monitoring stations around the airport throughout the year. We have installed ve ground noise monitoring stations in *1 The annual Lden values, an index of aircraft noise, of all monitoring stations met the Aircraft Noise Prevention Law standards and around the airport and conduct continuous in scal 2015. monitoring to measure noise* produced from the airport by In addition to monitoring stations mentioned above, there are also 23 stations installed by Chiba Prefectural Government, 10 various sources other than taking o and landing aircraft. by Ibaraki Prefectural Government and 36 by local municipal governments (as of April 2016). In total, 102 stations around the airport * Noise caused by construction at the airport, taxiing aircraft, engine testing, monitor aircraft noise continuously. Data from our 33 stations can be viewed in real time on our environmental information website, using of auxiliary power units (APUs), and so on. Of these, noise from taxiing “the Narita Airport Environmental Community.” *2 aircraft, engine testing, using of APUs are subject to aircraft noise reference values (Lden).
*1 Lden : The Day-Evening-Night Averaged Sound Level (weighted by time of day). Lden is a daily equivalent noise level, with evening and nighttime noise weighted as louder.
*2 Narita Airport Environmental Community : http://airport-community.naa.jp/ (Japanese version only) Exhaust port of an APU
28 Environment Report 2016 Environment Report 2016 29 ■Engine Run-Up Noise Mitigation Community Programs When the maintenance on an aircraft is completed, it is In scal 2015, jet engines were tested 778 times, of important to test run the engines in order to ensure safe which 725 (93.2%) were tested in the Noise Reduction ■Soundproo ng operations. To minimize the noise generated during these Hangar. Subsidies for soundproo ng for housing and public facilities are Residential Soundproo ng Subsidy Report (until FY 2015) tests, we constructed a Noise Reduction Hangar in provided for under the Aircraft Noise Prevention Law so as to Global Environment Eligible houses Soundproofed houses cooperation with airlines in 1999. * dB (decibel) prevent or reduce aircraft noise disturbance. Runway A 3,580 3,425 This facility ventilates air from the ceiling, thus engine A unit for sound measurement Runway B, crosswind runway 1,889 1,310 tests are available at any time regardless of wind direction. Residential Soundproo ng Also, thanks to its hangar-type structure, noise mitigation When an area is classi ed as Class 1 under the Aircraft Noise e ect has been improved dramatically compared with Prevention Law, residences in that area are provided with conventional properties. subsidies in order to carry out necessary soundproo ng and air Residential Soundproo ng This facility reduces the noise level in the vicinity of the conditioning according to their noise level. Community Environment airport boundary (400 meters away) to under 60 dB,* same For air conditioning that shows deterioration over a loudness as normal conversation. speci ed period of time, subsidies are also provided for replacement.
School and Public Facility Soundproo ng Noise Reduction Hangar Under the Aircraft Noise Prevention Law, facilities such as schools, Before After
(Replaced with soundproo ng Resource Conservation nursery schools, kindergartens, hospitals, pediatric hospitals, doors, sashes, etc.) special nursing homes for the elderly and other public facilities Exhaust vent also receive subsidies for soundproo ng and air conditioning Air supply vent according to their noise level. As with private housing, subsidies are also provided in order to upgrade deteriorated air conditioning after a certain amount of time.
■Relocation Compensation Biodiversity Under the provisions of the Aircraft Noise Prevention Law and Relocation Compensation Report (until FY 2015) Special Act for Aircraft Noise Prevention, compensation for Eligible houses Relocated households relocation is provided for residences in areas that are particularly Improved Airport Layout Aircraft Noise Prevention 503 503 susceptible to the impact from aircraft noise. In addition to the Law Special Act for Aircraft 591 479 relocation of individual households, we also o er group Noise Prevention Development of Noise Mitigation Embankments and Wooded Bu er Zones Total ■ 1,094 982 Environment Management relocation in order to preserve local communities and We maintain noise mitigation embankments and wooded bu er settlements which hold a long history of social ties. zones around the airport to reduce the noise impact of aircraft running on the runway. For example, an embankment of 100 meters width and ■Narita International Airport Noise Mitigation Committee 10 meters height reduces the noise level of taxiing aircraft to The Narita International Airport Noise Mitigation Committee is a 10-12 dB on the other side of it (i.e., 600 meters away). forum for discussing the prevention of aircraft noise disturbance In areas where trees have been growing in adequate as well as measures to reduce that noise. The committee is numbers for a suitable length of time, we take full advantage of comprised of local municipal leaders, academic experts, their value as natural assets and their noise mitigation e ects by community representatives, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, creating wooded bu er zones. Transport and Tourism, Chiba prefectural government, the Noise mitigation embankments airlines and NAA. Regional working groups have been set up under the committee for the individual areas around the airport to discuss issues presented in order to improve noise mitigation Cross Section of a Noise Mitigation Embankment and achieve safe and proper airport operations. The committee was founded in 1972 and had its 42nd meeting in March 2016. Narita International Airport Noise Mitigation Committee
10 m ■Grants for Community Programs We contribute to the cost for prevention of any interferences Since opening in 1978, we have contributed a total of caused by aircraft noise in the vicinity of the airport, and to approximately JPY 117.3 billion in subsidies, as of March 31, 100 m Sound receiving point development work in the surrounding community. Subsidies are 2016. We contribute to the maintenance of soundproofed Broadleaf evergreens (pasania, oak, etc.) Conifers (Japanese cypress, etc.) provided for regional countermeasures in Chiba Prefecture, Ibaraki public facilities, and also roads, parks, re ghting facilities and 600 m Prefecture and the 10 cities and towns surrounding the airport. community facilities around the airport.
30 Environment Report 2016 Environment Report 2016 31 ■Prevention of Falling Objects from Aircraft We consider falling objects from aircraft such as airframe parts result, there has been a drastic reduction in the number of Initiative theme and ice blocks to be serious issues. To date, aircraft incidents involving ice blocks and other falling objects. Water Quality Conservation approaching from south of Narita International Airport have We will continue to work with all relevant parties to 3 been asked to complete gear down over the sea in order to eliminate such incidents completely, introducing new policies Global Environment free any accumulated ice. Other steps are also taken such as such as cautioning aircraft approaching from north of the We take various measures to preserve water quality. For example, monitoring water quality to grasp the e ect of rainwater requests for thorough maintenance and inspection; inquiries airport to avoid gear down over concentrated residential areas. runo from Narita International Airport on the surrounding rivers and streams; adequate installation and operation of water into the causes of falling objects; and careful monitoring. As a treatment facilities; installation of facilities to separate oil and water so as to avoid any trouble in case of oil spillage in the aviation fuel tank farms, and so on. Reported Incidents and Gear Down Directive Compliance Rate History Date Measures Incidents (airport south) Incidents (airport north) The Ministry of Transport (now the Ministry of Land,
Gear Down Directive Compliance Rate (airport south) Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) ordered airlines to Community Environment January 1991 Gear Down Directive Compliance Rate (airport north) increase maintenance and inspection, and to complete ■Water Quality Monitoring gear down over the sea on southern approaches. (Incidents) （％） The Ministry issued gear down directives published We regularly monitor the surrounding rivers and streams in six Locations of Water Quality Monitoring Points 20 100 May 1993 3 in the AIP (Aeronautical Information Publication). locations once a month, and monitors 24 hours a day in three Obanegawa River 1 The Ministry issued gear down directives to be included in ATIS Narita 15 16 16 75 May 1996 locations, including drainage canals. While storm drainage levels (Automatic Terminal Information Service). Drainage canal A The Ministry and NAA conducted studies on ice attached to do uctuate, care is taken to prevent a negative impact on rivers Drainage 10 50 Since FY1997 canal C 2 2 1 arriving aircraft. 0 2 8 downstream (see p. 64). Slightly elevated coliform bacteria levels 7 7 The Ministry issued airworthiness amendment notices 5 6 6 2 1 May 1999 Drainage Tako
25 Resource Conservation 0 5 5 3 4 4 0 1 0 0 ordering improvement of aircraft structure. were observed in prior years, but testing conducted at those canal B 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 0 3 3 0 2 2 2 3 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 The Ministry advised on new policies, such as cautioning 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 times revealed that the increases were due to natural causes, and 0 July 2012 aircraft approaching from north of the airport to avoid gear 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 Takayakgawa (FY) down over concentrated residential areas. con rmation was made that there was no adverse impact on River
health and sanitation. Shibayama
Underground water levels are monitored continuously in Tomisato the vicinity of the airport and the water quality is measured once Asakawa Initiative theme River ●Monitoring point Air Quality Conservation each year. Monitoring results of scal 2015 con rmed that 2 underground water quality met environmental standards. Biodiversity
Monitoring is carried out at Narita International Airport to Target and Performances grasp the impact on air quality surrounding the airport due Reduce NOx emissions (per ight) to emissions created by aircraft operations and other ■De-Icing airport-wide activities. We work to limit air pollution from (kg/ ight) When snow accumulates on the wings and tail ns of aircraft, aircraft, from vehicles traveling within the airport, from 21 or frost and ice occur, it a ects the lift required for takeo as operation of the Central Heating and Cooling Plant, and so Environment Management 20 20.3 well as control functions. As this can cause accidents, on. *1 19 19.3 de-icing—the spraying of an aircraft with de-icing agent —is The Eco-Airport Master Plan (FY 2011–2015) called for essential in cold winter months or when snow falls. The main 18 18.5 17.9 reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions per ight by FY 2015 target component of de-icing agent is propylene glycol. It is not 17 15% 15% compared to scal 2010 (20.3 kg) by scal 2015. In scal reduction harmful to humans and is even used in foods, but once it 16.7 16 16.4 2015, NOx emissions per ight were 16.4 kg, a 19.2% *2 -19.2% ows into rivers and streams, it may cause organic pollution . 0 reduction from scal 2010, ful lling this target. De-icing e uent treatment facility 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (FY) We provide de-icing aircraft bays where de-icing agent that falls onto the apron can be collected in holding ponds. Water containing de-icing agent is carried from the apron via storm drains for treatment at a de-icing e uent treatment ■Air Quality Monitoring facility. Also, if de-icing is operated at other parking stands, We have six year-round air quality monitoring stations in and Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations de-icing agent is collected in special vehicles and treated in around the airport. They continuously monitor concentrations Runway B North Station the same manner. of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide Narita (CO), photochemical oxidants, hydrocarbons, suspended Airport East *1 De-icing agent is a substance which prevents ice from forming on aircraft. particulate matter (see p. 63). In scal 2015, photochemical *2 Organic pollution is water pollution caused by organic substances entering a De-icing operation Runway A body of water. They consume oxygen during decomposition which leads to hypoxia oxidants failed to meet the environmental criteria, but the North Station Tako (oxygen de ciency). monitoring stations of local governments in the area around Runway B the airport observed the same concentrations. Thus, it is South Station Airport West believed that the concentrations were not limited to just the Shibayama airport but were a more widespread occurrence. Tomisato Runway A South Station ●Monitoring station Web
32 Environment Report 2016 Environment Report 2016 33