DOCSLIB.ORG

Engaging Archaeological and Historical Methods for Just Outcomes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Engaging Archaeological and Historical Methods for Just Outcomes 1 Dominique Garcia – France French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research Preventive Archaeology in France: Origins and evolution Introduction I would like to present the evolution of a specific practice of archaeology ("preventive archaeology") over the past decades: from the first cases of the rescue of archaeological heritage to the complete mastery of the system of "preventive archaeology". Beyond this French experience, its legislative and regulatory framework, it seemed important to me to present to you the scientific, cultural and heritage interest of this practice. Indeed, in France, the exploration, each year, of more than two thousand archaeological sites by my institute makes it possible to better understand our archaeological heritage but also to share the results of this research with the scientific community and, above all, a very large public. A rich collaboration policy between Inrap (my institute) and the museums also makes it possible to schedule temporary regional, national or international exhibitions, and to enrich the permanent collections of these museums. Thus, through the production of contextualized archaeological objects, Inrap and, more generally, preventive archaeology operators make it possible to "reconsider museums through this contemporary practice of archaeology". From rescue archaeology to preventive archaeology At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Victor Hugo, scandalised by the demolition of several mediaeval monuments, called for change in a now famous article: “Guerre aux démolisseurs!”. Hugo’s appeal led to the creation of a service for protecting historic monuments. Later one, Prosper Mérimée was named General Inspector of Historic Monuments. For the first time, French archaeology now benefited from the concerted attention of the public powers. However, the law did not cover the protection of non-monumental prehistoric and historic remains. Archaeological excavations were conducted by mutual agreement between the landowner and the excavator. The Vichy regime enacted the first law on archaeological excavations, which was validated after the war. This law required State authorization to conduct excavations and made it obligatory to declare fortuitous discoveries. Nevertheless, archaeological interventions were still infrequent. 2 At the end of the sixties, two scandals set developers against heritage defenders over the Parvis Notre-Dame in Paris and the Place de la Bourse in Marseille. The scientific community, associations and municipalities were alerted, leading to significant citizen mobilization. In 1973 was created creation of the French association for national archaeological excavations (Afan). Afan, had two main responsibilities: to manage the budget allocations received from the Ministry of Culture for research and rescue excavations; and to carry out prescribed archaeological operations. From the outset, Afan played the crucial role of an intermediary with the State. The system was based on negotiating the cost of excavations between the State, Afan and developers. In the early eighties, the State mandated Afan to carry out the excavations at the Grand Louvre site (the Louvre Pyramid), which had long been considered as the first major preventive archaeology operation. The law introduced a tax designed to fund preventive archaeology evaluations and excavations. It also foresaw the creation of a public administrative body that would inherit the rights and obligations of Afan, which was dissolved. The National Institute de for Preventive Archaeology was established on February 2002. The recent law on Creative Freedom, Architecture and Heritage (LCAP) of 2016 July 7 modified Book V of the Heritage Code devoted to archaeology. LCAP strengthens the role played by the State, which exercises scientific control over operations and provides real scientific, technical, administrative and financial supervision of the preventive archaeology system. The law also establishes a new unified system of ownership for archaeological material discovered following archaeological work or fortuitous discoveries, which are presumed to be the property of the State. This is an important point that facilitates the integration of archaeological objects into museum collections. Preventive archaeology today (implementation and results; Inrap) What is preventive archeology? The purpose of preventive archaeology is to detect and undertake the scientific study of archaeological remains (on land and under water) that might otherwise be destroyed by land development work. Following a decision made by the State, archaeologists from Inrap intervene on a site in order to safeguard its archaeological heritage. Every year, hundreds of square kilometers are affected by land development projects (such as quarries, earthmoving, roads and railways, and private and public buildings) that may result in the destruction of the deposits hidden in the subsoil. Preventive archaeology, which analyses around 20% of this total area, preserves the soil archives by means of scientific study. Over the past thirty or so years, thousands of sites have been excavated, investigated and compared in urban and rural areas across France. The sum of the information gleaned from these excavations has profoundly enriched our knowledge of the past. These archaeological activities, known as “rescue archaeology” since they lacked a legal basis until 2001, are now defined as “preventive archaeology”. The law on preventive archaeology of January 17, 2001 provides for advanced archaeological interventions on development sites for the purpose of evaluation and (if necessary) excavation. In other words, development work is no longer undertaken at the expense of the remains from the past; on the contrary, such work enables these vestiges to be studied in depth. Traces of the past can be found across Europe. On the proposed route of a TGV line, for example, there is an average of one site per kilometer. Preventive archaeology studies the soil archives, thereby promoting joined-up economic development that avoids destroying historical remains and the knowledge they provide. 3 Our approach to the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, as well as the Metal Ages, has been revised as a result of the extent of the studied areas and the importance of the archaeological remains uncovered. The large amount of data now available, especially on the Romanization of Gaul and the early middle Ages, often serves as an invaluable complement to written records. Preventive archaeology, which is closely related to regional planning, affects every developer, every elected representative and every citizen. It contextualizes both the particular and the general, together with local history and wider history, endeavoring to answer fundamental questions about humankind and our origins, history and values. Preventive archaeology, which is both a human and social science, discloses the heterogeneity of the human groups that have populated France, the way they have shaped our landscape, and their ability to integrate and innovate. It also lays bare the common cultural substratum that is formed and transformed over time. In addition, preventive archaeology sheds light on how space is managed, the evolution of town planning and the environment, as well as ethnic, cultural and religious differences. The “Inrap”: Missions and activities During the different phases of archaeological research, Inrap shares the results of its work with the public. It develops diverse resources that are widely diffused via the organization of site visits, colloquia and exhibitions, publications, audiovisual documentaries, radio programs and digital tools. Each year since 2009, under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture, Inrap organizes the French National Archaeology Days. In the context of the its diagnostic operations and excavations, Inrap collaborates each year with more than 700 private and public partners: property developers, motorway enterprises, quarry enterprises, regional councils, departmental councils, town-associations (communautés de communes), cities, public enterprises, public housing offices, etc. Aim of the Evaluation When land is developed for public or private purposes (to construct a road, for example, or a block of flats), it is inevitable that the ground will be disturbed. Long before the building work begins, and to avoid work being interrupted in the event of a fortuitous discovery, an attempt is made to find out whether the land contains any traces of earlier human occupation: this is the archaeological evaluation. The process is designed to detect, characterize, plot and date any archaeological deposits by trenching 5% to 10% of the project’s surface area with a hydraulic digger. State Prescription Ahead of any major development work (such as a high-speed train line, motorway or quarry) or when planning permission is filed, the regional prefect and his or her archaeological service may decide that an archaeological evaluation is required. In this event, Inrap or the public services accredited by the State suggest an “operational project” (with the relevant human and technical resources — and methodology — based on the scientific prescription), which will be used to assess the land’s archaeological potential. 4 An agreement is then signed between Inrap and the public or private developer. This sets the deadlines and conditions for carrying out the evaluation and, if necessary, the technical resources that will be financed by the developer. The Field Evaluation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Internationalization of the Japanese Yen
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Macroeconomic Linkage: Savings, Exchange Rates, and Capital Flows, NBER-EASE Volume 3 Volume Author/Editor: Takatoshi Ito and Anne Krueger, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-38669-4 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/ito_94-1 Conference Date: June 17-19, 1992 Publication Date: January 1994 Chapter Title: On the Internationalization of the Japanese Yen Chapter Author: Hiroo Taguchi Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8538 Chapter pages in book: (p. 335 - 357) 13 On the Internationalization of the Japanese Yen Hiroo Taguchi The internationalization of the yen is a widely discussed topic, among not only economists but also journalists and even politicians. Although various ideas are discussed under this heading, three are the focus of attention: First, and the most narrow, is the use of yen by nonresidents. Second is the possibility of Asian economies forming an economic bloc with Japan and the yen at the center. Third, is the possibility that the yen could serve as a nominal anchor for Asian countries, resembling the role played by the deutsche mark in the Euro- pean Monetary System (EMS). Sections 13.1-13.3 of this paper try to give a broad overview of the key facts concerning the three topics, above. The remaining sections discuss the international role the yen could play, particularly in Asia. 13.1 The Yen as an Invoicing Currency Following the transition to a floating exchange rate regime, the percentage of Japan’s exports denominated in yen rose sharply in the early 1970s and con- tinued to rise to reach nearly 40 percent in the mid- 1980s, a level since main- tained (table 13.1).
    [Show full text]
  • Ninth Session, Commencing at 4.30 Pm SHIPWRECK COINS
    2562 Ninth Session, Commencing at 4.30 pm Mexico, Philip IV (1621-1665), cob eight reales, not dated c.1652, Mexico City mint, assayer P, (39.40 grams total weight including plastic holder), (KM.45). Struck on an irregular flan, encased in plastic some weakness in places, otherwise good fine, rare. SHIPWRECK COINS $650 Ex ‘Vergulde Draek’ or ‘Gilt Dragon’ wreck. West Australia Museum Certificate No.10095. The lot includes a specially prepared book, with details of the wreck, maps, certificate, and authentication certificate signed by Alan AUSTRALIAN WRECK ‘THE GILT DRAGON’ Robinson Underwater explorer. The following Gilt Dragon shipwreck coins are registered, as required by the Historic Shipwrecks Act (1976), and assigned certificates of authenticity. Purchasers are required by law to advise the Commonwealth delegate at the Western Australian Museum of their new ownership and register transfer of possession. Noble Numismatics will supply such forms upon request. Please note these regulations apply exclusively to Australian shipwreck coins. 2563* Mexico, Philip IV (1621-1665), cob eight reales, 16[XX], Mexico City mint, assayer P, (25.515 grams), (KM.45). Struck on an irregular flan, some weakness in places, otherwise good fine, rare. $400 Ex ‘Vergulde Draek’ or ‘Gilt Dragon’ wreck. West Australia Museum Certificate No.12835. 2564 Mexico, Philip IV (1621-1665), cob four reales, not dated c.1652, Mexico City mint, assayer P, (13.07 grams), 2560* (KM.38). Struck on an irregular flan, some weakness in Bolivia, Philip IV (1621-1665), cob eight reales, two date, places, otherwise good fine, rare. (16)53, Potosi mint, (27.643 grams), (KM.21).
    [Show full text]
  • Ninth Session, Commencing at 4.30 Pm
    Ninth Session, Commencing at 4.30 pm NEW ZEALAND BANKNOTES TRADING BANK ISSUES 2566* Bank of New South Wales, uniform issue, one pound, with 'Sterling' an uncut sheet of six uniface printer's proofs c1924, not issued, no numbers, imprint of Charles Skipper & East, London, pin hole cancellation 'SPECIMEN/C.SKIPPER & EAST' in two lines on each (Robb C.821; L.434; P.S162s). Extremely fi ne and rare. (6 notes) $6,000 2564 Bank of New South Wales, uniform issue, ten shillings, with 'Sterling' an uncut sheet of six uniface printer's proofs c1924, not issued, no numbers, imprint of Charles Skipper & East, London, pin hole cancellation 'SPECIMEN/C.SKIPPER & EAST' in two lines on each note (Robb C.811; L.433; P.S161s). Two minor tape repairs to selvedge (not affecting the notes), extremely fi ne and rare. (6 notes) $6,000 2567* The Colonial Bank of New Zealand, fi rst issue, printer's proof fi fty pounds, uniface, Christchurch, 187-, imprint of Perkins, Bacon & Co. London, horizontal SPECIMEN stamp below in 'Manager' area, 'for other branches see Altn Bk - May 1875' added in pencil in bottom margin (Robb.G.17; L.-; P.S266). Extremely fi ne. $7,000 Ex Perkins Bacon Archive, Spink (Melbourne) Sale, 23 May 1995 (lot 1087). 2565* Bank of New South Wales, uniform issue, ten shillings, without 'Sterling' an uncut sheet of six uniface printer's proofs c1932, not issued, no numbers, imprint of Charles Skipper & East, London, pin hole cancellation 'SPECIMEN/ C.SKIPPER & EAST' in two lines on each note (Robb C.811; L.433; P.S161s).
    [Show full text]
  • Institutions, Competition, and Capital Market Integration in Japan
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INSTITUTIONS, COMPETITION, AND CAPITAL MARKET INTEGRATION IN JAPAN Kris J. Mitchener Mari Ohnuki Working Paper 14090 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14090 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 June 2008 A version of this paper is forthcoming in the Journal of Economic History. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ronald Choi, Jennifer Combs, Noriko Furuya, Keiko Suzuki, and Genna Tan for help in assembling the data. Mitchener would also like to thank the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies at the Bank of Japan for its hospitality and generous research support while serving as a visiting scholar at the Institute in 2006, and the Dean Witter Foundation for additional financial support. We also thank conference participants at the BETA Workshop in Strasbourg, France and seminar participants at the Bank of Japan for comments and suggestions. The views presented in this paper are solely those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the Bank of Japan, its staff, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Kris J. Mitchener and Mari Ohnuki. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Institutions, Competition, and Capital Market Integration in Japan Kris J. Mitchener and Mari Ohnuki NBER Working Paper No.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper in the Early Modern Sino-Japanese Trade Monies, Markets, and Finance in East Asia, 1600–1900
    Copper in the Early Modern Sino-Japanese Trade Monies, Markets, and Finance in East Asia, 1600–1900 Edited by Hans Ulrich Vogel VOLUME 7 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/mmf Copper in the Early Modern Sino-Japanese Trade Edited by Keiko Nagase-Reimer LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: From “Scroll with views of the Dutch Factory and Chinese Quarter in Nagasaki 唐館図 蘭館図絵巻” drawn by Ishizaki Yūshi 石崎融思. Courtesy of Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture 長崎歴史文化博物館. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Nagase-Reimer, Keiko. Title: Copper in the early modern Sino-Japanese trade / edited by Keiko Nagase-Reimer. Description: Leiden : Brill, 2016. | Series: Monies, markets, and finance in East Asia, 1600-1900, ISSN 2210-2876 ; volume 7 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015029107| ISBN 9789004299450 (hardback : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9789004304512 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Copper industry and trade—Japan—History. | Copper industry and trade—China—History. | Japan—Commerce—China—History. | China--Commerce—Japan—History. | Japan—Economic conditions—1600–1868. Classification: LCC HD9539.C7 J323 2016 | DDC 382/.4566930952—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015029107 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2210-2876 isbn 978-90-04-29945-0 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-30451-2 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing.
    [Show full text]
  • CANON INC. (Exact Name of the Registrant As Specified in Its Charter)
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM SD SPECIALIZED DISCLOSURE REPORT CANON INC. (Exact name of the registrant as specified in its charter) JAPAN 001-15122 (State or other jurisdiction of (Commission (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) File Number) Identification No.) 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome , Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan (Address of principle executive offices) (Zip code) Eiji Shimizu, +81-3-3758-2111, 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan (Name and telephone number, including area code, of the person to contact in connection with this report.) Check the appropriate box to indicate the rule pursuant to which this form is being filed and provide the period to which the information in this form applies: Rule 13p-1 under the Securities Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13p-1) for the reporting period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. Section 1 - Conflict Minerals Disclosure Established in 1937, Canon Inc. is a Japanese corporation with its headquarters in Tokyo, Japan. Canon Inc. is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of office multifunction devices (“MFDs”), plain paper copying machines, laser printers, inkjet printers, cameras, diagnostic equipment and lithography equipment. Canon Inc. earns revenues primarily from the manufacture and sale of these products domestically and internationally. Canon Inc. and its consolidated companies fully have been aware of conflict minerals issue and have been working together with business partners and industry entities to address the issue of conflict minerals. In response to Rule 13p-1, Canon Inc. conducted Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry and due diligence based on the “OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas,” for its various products.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emerging Voice of the Exhibition Designer
    BOYCHER, ASHLEY, M.S., The Emerging Voice of the Exhibition Designer. (2010) Directed by Dr. Patrick Lee Lucas. pp. 77. Of the little writing available today authored by exhibition designers, most consists of manual-like instructions or pretty-picture compendia, though often interesting and even inspiring, not nearly enough to represent their field as a relevant, necessary profession. Turning to data drawn from exhibition designers’ personal experiences as well as their words deeply imbedded within a widely read museum publication, in this thesis I mined and shared exhibition designers’ voices as they relate to the exhibition development process and the broader professional museum culture. Specifically, I studied the imagery and text published from 1970 through 2009 in Museum (formerly Museum News), the American Association of Museums’ journal that has covered the museum community’s trends and issues for more than eighty-five years. I also interviewed a purposeful sample of five exhibition professionals with varied backgrounds and current foci, and, thirdly, I analyzed data collected from my own participant observations as an intern in the 3-D Exhibition Design Department at the Field Museum of Natural History. Critically silenced, often neutralized and sometimes ignored in the past, my research finds that exhibition designers have emerged at the crossroads rather than the margins of exhibit development. They have evolved their field and in terms of what museums and audiences expect of them, but designers continue to struggle to have their voices and roles considered "scholarly" equal to other museum professionals. This project intends to contribute, if even in a small way, to understanding the place of exhibition design in museums of the past forty years and the fluctuating present, as well as lays groundwork for future investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • Places of Employment of Graduates from Faculty/Graduate School (Master's Program) (FY2015)
    Places of Employment of Graduates from Faculty/Graduate School (Master's Program) (FY2015) Faculty of Letters/Graduate School of Humanities ● Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp. ● Nippon Life Insurance Co. ● Osaka Customs ● Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank, Ltd. ● Teacher (JH&HS) ● Kobe Customs ● The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. ● Hyogo Prefectural High School ● Kobe City Office ● Bank of Japan ● Osaka Regional Taxation Bureau ● Toyonaka City Office ● Japan Post Bank Co., Ltd. ● Japan MINT ● Hiroshima Home Television Co.,Ltd. ● Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd. ● Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ● Japan Broadcasting Corporation ● Daiwa Securities Co., Ltd. ● Osaka Public Prosecutors Office ● Kobe Steel,Ltd. ● Japan Post Insurance Co.,Ltd. ● Kobe District Court ● Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Faculty of Intercultural Studies/Graduate School of Intercultural Studies ● Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan ● Nippon Life Insurance Company ● Toyota Motor Corp. ● Osaka Immigration Bureau ● SUMITOMO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ● KANEKA CORPORATION ● Kansai Bureau of Economy ● Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp. ● Mitsubishi Electric Corp. ● Tokyo Metropolitan Government ● Resona Bank, Ltd. ● New Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. ● Kobe City Office ● Mizuho Bank, Ltd. ● Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd. ● Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art ● The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. ● TAISEI CORPORATION ● Kansai Telecasting Corporation ● Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. ● Kobe Steel,Ltd. ● Japan Broadcasting Corp. ● THE KANSAI ELECTRIC POWER Co., INC. ● Hitachi, Ltd. Faculty of Human Development/Graduate School of Human Development and Environment ● Suntory Holdings Ltd. ● Mitsubishi Corp. ● Hyogo Prefectural High school ● ASICS Corp. ● Mizuho Bank, Ltd. ● Osaka Prefectural High school ● Kobe Steel,Ltd. ● The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. ● Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ● Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine
    In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine in Modern and Pre-modern Japan Michiko Urita A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Patricia Shehan Campbell, Chair Jeffrey M. Perl Christina Sunardi Paul S. Atkins Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Music ii ©Copyright 2017 Michiko Urita iii University of Washington Abstract In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine in Modern and Pre-modern Japan Michiko Urita Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Patricia Shehan Campbell Music This dissertation explores the essence and resilience of the most sacred and secret ritual music of the Japanese imperial court—kagura taikyoku and kagura hikyoku—by examining ways in which these two songs have survived since their formation in the twelfth century. Kagura taikyoku and kagura hikyoku together are the jewel of Shinto ceremonial vocal music of gagaku, the imperial court music and dances. Kagura secret songs are the emperor’s foremost prayer offering to the imperial ancestral deity, Amaterasu, and other Shinto deities for the well-being of the people and Japan. I aim to provide an understanding of reasons for the continued and uninterrupted performance of kagura secret songs, despite two major crises within Japan’s history. While foreign origin style of gagaku was interrupted during the Warring States period (1467-1615), the performance and transmission of kagura secret songs were protected and sustained. In the face of the second crisis during the Meiji period (1868-1912), which was marked by a threat of foreign invasion and the re-organization of governance, most secret repertoire of gagaku lost their secrecy or were threatened by changes to their traditional system of transmissions, but kagura secret songs survived and were sustained without losing their iv secrecy, sacredness, and silent performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    editorial note index amber 832, 1028 American Dream 753 American Institute of Architects “a major modification of the human organism, 21 Club 601, 697 (AIA) 106, 150, 695, 816, 858, 869, 1066, namely its ability to pay attention, occurred when 3D printing 114, 159, 1449 2159, 2277 a major cultural innovation, domestication, was 9/11 676, 685, 844, 918–919, 1382, 1387, American Restroom Association adopted. … the house … should be viewed as 1760–1761, 2130 641, 695, 1646 Aalto, Alvar 639, 762, 772–773, 859 American Society of Heating a technical and cognitive instrument, a tool for aboriginal 1058, 1430 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning thought as well as a technology of shelter.” Abraj Al-Bait tower, Mecca 703, 786 Engineers 814, 825, 858 absolutism 900–901 American Society of Mechanical — Peter J. Wilson, The Domestication of Abu Dhabi 125, 480, 537, 1047, 1430, Engineers 290, 380, 2041, 2117 1551, 2288 American Standard 785, 1601, 1624, the Human Species (Yale, 1988). Acconci, Vito 59, 63 1673, 1675, 1680, 2279, 2281, 2286 Ackerman, James 898, 2333 American Standards Association 183 When our species domesticated itself – started acoustics 150, 203, 223, 260–261, Americans with Disabilities Act, living in permanent dwellings rather than 264–265, 267–269, 272, 274, 279, 304, 1990 1648, 1721, 1764 temporary encampments – architecture remade 348, 352, 360, 380, 485, 825, 1150 Ammannati, Bartolomeo 1936, 1963 Acropolis 900 amphitheater 1094, 1166, 1247, 2136, our sensory world in a revolution never seen acrylic 813, 842, 949, 1016, 1394
    [Show full text]
  • FAMILY CARE Once the Occurrence of an Incident/Accident Has Been Verified and There Is Positive Confirmation of the Crewmembers
    FAMILY CARE Once the occurrence of an incident/accident has been verified and there is positive confirmation of the crewmembers involved, the next of kin/emergency contacts must be notified. Due to vacations, illness, etc., it may be necessary for any of the members of the management team to be involved in the injury/death notification along with the employee designated individuals (listed in the next of kin/emergency contact form). Some things to consider involving family notification include: • Always use more than one individual, i.e., program director, chaplain, other team members along with the employee designated individual who is found on the next of kin/emergency notification form. • Determine who your notification team is going to be prior to an accident. Have back-ups. • Who should be notified? Spouse? Parents? Siblings? In-laws? Children? This should be on the next of kin notification form. • Be cognizant of the diversity of family dynamics in this situation. • Where will the notification occur? Home, work, out of state? • Be prepared for delays. • In the case of serious injuries, the most important concern is getting the family to the employee. • A Family Liaison Officer (described below) should be assigned to each injured or deceased crewmember family. • The family should learn of the injury or death before the media. Sometimes this is not possible due to the widespread use of smart phones and social media. Whenever possible, tell the family in person. • If done via the phone, the notification team should meet with the family as soon as possible. If possible, use local law enforcement personnel to physically go to the home to be present for the notification if your agency is unable due to geographical distance or urgency due to media involvement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Naturalist Lost – CP Thunberg's Disciple Johan Arnold
    九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository A naturalist lost – C. P. Thunberg’s disciple Johan Arnold Stützer (1763–1821) in the East Indies Wolfgang, Michel Faculty of Languages and Cultures, Kyushu University : Professor emeritus http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1563681 出版情報：Japanese collections in European museums : reports from the Toyota-Foundation- Symposium Königswinter 2003. 3, pp.147-162, 2015-03-01. Bier'sche Verlagsanstalt バージョン： 権利関係： A NATURALIST LOST - C. P. THUNBERG'S DISCIPLE JOHAN ARNOLD STUTZER (1763-1821) IN THE EAST INDIES Wolfgang MICHEL, Fukuoka Johan Arnold Stiitzer was one of two disciples man barber surgeon, Martin Christian Wilhelm of the renowned Swedish scholar Carl Peter Stiitzer (1727- 1806). Martin Stiitzer had im­ Thunberg who traveled overseas as an employ­ migrated from Oranienburg (Prussia) to Stock­ ee of the Dutch East India Company to lay the holm during the 17 50s. After traveling to the foundations of an academic career. Following West Indies in 1757 and undertaking further in the footsteps of his famous teacher, he even studies including an examination to become managed to work as a surgeon at the Dutch trad­ a surgeon in 1760, he married Anna Maria ing post ofDejima in Nagasaki. However, after Soem (?- 1766), whose father, Christian Soem years of rapidly changing circumstances and ( 1694-1775), was also a barber surgeon. 1 twists and turns, this promising young naturalist Surgeons were educated and organized settled down to serve the British in Ceylon with­ in guilds and, like his father-in-law, Martin out ever returning to Europe. While most of the Stiitzer took part in the fight for recognition objects collected by Westerners in Japan ended and reputation.
    [Show full text]