DOCSLIB.ORG

Management of the Israeli Coastal Sand Resources

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Management of the Israeli Coastal Sand Resources National Institute of Oceanography ISRAEL OCEANOGRAPIDC AND LIMNOLOGICAL RESEARCH LTD. Tel Shikmona, P.0.Box 8030, HAIFA 31080 Management of the Israeli Coastal Sand Resources 1.0.L.R. Report No. H28/1999 by Abraham Golik and Dov S. Rosen November, 1999 MEDITERRANEAN MINISTRYOF ACTIONPLAN ENVIRONMENT UNEP ISRAEL Management of the Israeli Coastal Sand Resources Summary and Conclusions in Hebrew 1Jr<rnn ,/r<1rn,11 ri1nJ /1n 11 /1111J nupmn rr'xnn llll .TIJTl p,/u DillJN TlDm ]lJ,nil D'll /[JJ ,/t<.lW,il C]lnJ D,'7Dl9il tr-mun D,J,/ilnil nN·J,:1:m ill n"lT TI,TITilJnil .tr nm n,ip 1nrn111 llDnil nJ1Dn/ nn/ imrn .cim11 ID TITt<.ilnustnn nN :]il 1,m~/lJill n"lTil nlljlTITI .D19lnil j)WTJTJnl1J1TTJ nD,Jj)/ ,D11DTTJD,N~TJTJID 11n1JJ mu.m n-xnm .Im p"nn 20-J rrtnnn rtrumnn rn~lil tr unun ilNnJ • TlilnJ nsnrunn ilJ'N J1w1 trum n1JJTJ ,r ID il1J'7J nsrm:n il11JJ 1J11~/ 1r:irnJ rim/ ilNJlilW /mil nm.m w1/WJ rrnrm n mm .rnnn 11rn1 /mil nmm 19lnil TIPJ N~m /mil 1rnn lJ/ .C9lnil Pl~lJil n11/Jl TillTillJ ilDTiil) ,DJtl lJTI /W lnD9UJil /WJ ,T'nDJ rr'irm /rn nj790N Dl~TJ~l m-rnnn TIJlJI .]lDl,JJ TINTI,91Tiil J~TJJ illlJTiil il119~ .rnn runsn ,J,TI ,91TIJ TI1191TID,JJTJ nnprr ]NlON .urn ,TD~ ltlj)J' NI cimil w Im n,//J 11rm1 rnrrr rn:':Sm NI .ismr /mil 1rnnJ llDTJil J:':Snnnn/ • l,JW C]lnil Dtlj)J lTJ il.A'TIJnn11j7 TIN DlT' NI .TI119W/ TDl TI,j7,T1J1TJllTil lj)/TIJ Dl'.li/il milrn mwn ill cim Im n~n 1ne<. ri,~1 Jpun u~J/ p/mm ,n,'7nD1 D119W .TI1i1'71nrJ D,J9il n-r n'Dj/lj/ ID (j/"l]TJ TlN,'7,n 4-J) TI,l'JJlJ'TO /W nlTJl:':SDmum nrn1~n nnn/ • n JJUJ il/N TI1t1m1TTIIm Tin,,1J ne<.llON/ p/nm :n 30 '7UJn-r pmu/ TD TlTlil IUJ n,TITI' PT ill'JDDJ ilTilJTJil ,Im j7"TJD]r/,TJ 500-J .C]lTIJ '71nil '711/T/ nrun /l:':S,J mrm-r pnJ/ p/mn 'TJ 30-n /n.:.i TI,n pnui; numn ci1n.1u TI111~n ,flJ .ilTIm D1JJn r'7 rrrsn n mm /UJ nrrc nr TI11r:irnD1JJn ,,,D nJ/J ·:nnP"nn W'71n 12-J • ir nnrr ill 'Im /w m111J nnrnr:iN pnJ/ p;nm .m mmm TI1'7m nn TI1'7n.:.i .j7'710 ilJTJTJn,91Tiil ilDTiilil nJlDD/ n//mnnil ,HJ illDO .mm nrum 1r ID TNTJD9UJm 'llnil 11rn'7 lrnil r nnn J~p • rummr n'7 rmum 'Im mm n-rr 1r:ionJ u,Tiill n'xntm .rrn m TI1JW10-'7 nnN .u=run rn rnrsmr ilJWJ rurnn D1w1n TI'JJn nnpnu p/mn n,,r:im trrm 1,1 ilJlil '7mil nrJ/ nJ111 • ilDTiil/ j/Tlil nN lDTTJ/ ,TJ ,lTINil n~/ ilJJlJil /UJ TTINil n:::sn Im rrunrn mil 111nN11 ilTW 1rJ1 ,m11J'7 J:::sp'7 ililT nrrr. Tl:::S '7rnil rruun J:::sp .n-mnn N111'7 ,TJ ilJJlJil nJ,JTIJ trr n,up1p '7w rnnn 11\'J,J D~J/ W' ,ilillJJ nmw /DJ urntn nJli7TJ il,il, 1JD11Jil /milw T19i7i1'7 w1 lJ m: .nm«: mn.rr 'Im rrunn .D1il nr:irn'7w mil '7mil lJl'l~n n1'7 1wN ilJJTJil /(J]J un ,)9 '7Ul i11119:::Sili111'7Di11JilN:::SlnJ umnrr. il'71'7D D191Tiil J:':SlJJ ilDlil • ,1J,D,J9il D19lTiil nN DlJj)/ ,TJ ,Jl/ltJJTJ1TTI lj/TITJ D:':SJ'7p/nm .ilTJlJTiil l'Jj79N .D11DTJil D,D~TJNJ u.r>n 1Ji1'7 llT m:::sn/1 urr'm ,,/1'fl urn rim/ n,me\/ 1rn,1 n1JJn ]'Jill nr ll JJ 019m prnnn nm> 1TJ • ow/ .nnsrrrn« 1w,n OD ,1,rn m/1::s mrrn (C\ :lWJJil l'J /1/Jn 1wN .mvumn /Jil ilJlJ tru n11110 1nN/1 o,,rnw/ rmx rirnil /J /w IJ1TJil 1p nu1Jp1 119,n 1/N1W1il 119,n 01n pnm/ TD rnnn /J /w ,n, (J ,-r 6-n '7nJ pmu lJ,J -numurm 119 0111 o/9m lJ1TJ1T,01'7J .rnrm lw 1wnnn 1rn1J o 1 ,lJ1JWilDJ/ rm» 'TJ30 /w .'?NlW1 /w rnnn '7J m.'.1 rnu.r. p1901w mmn l90TJJ 111m rrm- m .nm.i .nnum 1rn11il /'?n .ns mn .ixn ID IPllnlil /J nN TJl/ ur • 1JmJ 191J1rn1prn TJlTJil .lJ/lDil 01W1flil 01n1n'7 rmrri /D9rw "1mN'? urn .rnnu J91NJ irr-nn nN l,,9,1 .run ,p1N1 Management of the Israeli Coastal Sand Resources Abraham Golik and Dov S. Rosen Executive Summary This report presents the natural processes active along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, extending between Ziqim in the South to Haifa in the North, and assesses man impact on the coast. The purpose of this report is to provide the national planning authority scientifically based guidelines for formulating a coastal and sand management policy in Israel. The evaluation of the present sedimentological conditions along the coast is based on the integration of three methods of analysis: (a) comparisons of aerial photographs depicting changes of waterline and beach bluff or lower cliff line during the past 4-5 decades, (b) seabed volumetric changes determined from depth differential charts of redundant surveys, and (c) longshore sediment transport assessment using wave data. The analysis of waterline changes in three sites, remote from coastal structures or other antlrropogenic influence, did not reveal any constant trend of coast erosion, but more a fluctuating pattern, closely linked with the occurrence of extreme storms. These sites are located between Ziqim and Shefaiim, implying that at least from Shefaiim southward no general coastal erosion has occurred. It is not known whether overall coastal erosion occms north of Shefaiim. Local impacts due to coastal structures are usually represented by the trapping of sand to the south and erosion to the north of the structures. North of Hadera this trend is reversed. Entrapment occurs north of the structures and erosion is apparent on their southern side. The analysis of bathymetric changes which occurred in the areas studied shows that sand accumulation occurred in the area south of the structures. It implies that the long-term net littoral sediment transport in the study region is directed northwards. This complies with most of the results of the shoreline analysis as well as the results of the sediment transport rate derived by computation of the wave energy flux. This analysis also shows that sand entrapment near coastal structures is a stochastic process. The volume of sand deposited during a severe storm, occurring once in LO years or more, which lasts only a few days, may be equivalent to the volume deposited in one or more "normal" years. 1 The long-term mean rate of the net longshore sand transport, is assessed to be some 400,000 m3/year at Gaza going northward, decreasing to about 100,000 m3/year at Haifa, still northward. On the other hand, for the period 04/94-03/99 the approximate yearly averages were: at Gaza 400,000 m3/year northward, at Ashdod 188,000 m3/year northward at Hadera 26,000 m3/year northward and 100,000 m' /year southward at Haifa. Due to the shift in the orientation of the coast as well as the shift in the direction of incident waves along the coast, there may be periods of reversal in net transport confined to shallow waters (0-3 m depths) in the region north of Shefaiim. In very general terms, the net input of sand from the south by longshore sand transport is 400,000 m3/year and input from the coastal cliff erosion about 200,000 m3/yeru-. The sand loss to Haifa Bay is 100,000 m3/year, leaving 500,000 m3/year unaccounted for. The reduction in longshore sand transport volumes between any two adjacent sites means that there should be a long-term coastal accretion growing northward along the coast. As this is not the case, it means that the volmnetric difference is transported offshore, or onshore or to both offshore and onshore. Since sand on the sea bottom is confined to water depths less than 30 m, one must pursue the other options. Hence, even though we can not quantitatively prove it, by circumstantial evidence we conclude that a significant part of the cross-shore net transport is blown to the land by wind. The other part is transported outside the surf zone. Records show that prior to 1964, some 10 million m3 of sand were mined from the beach for building purposes. In addition, 12 million rrr' of sand were trapped behind coastal structures. The long-term (20111 century) mean of anthropogenic sand removal from the Israeli coast stands therefore on 220,000 m3/year, which is more than a third of the annual input to that coastal system, resulting in a negative coastal sand balance. This, with the forecasted reduction of sand input from the south due to the effect of Aswan Dam, and coastal structures built on the coasts of Sinai and Gaza, put the Israeli coast and its sand resources in a precarious situation. Despite the huge sediment quantities (~ 4 billion m') estimated to be present on the inner continental shelf (in water depths less than 30 m) it is recommended that mining in that area should be prohibited as it will deplete the beach sand. Exploitation of some 500 million rrr' of sand, found under a relatively thin cover of silt and clay at water depths greater than 30 m should be examined.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mediterranean Coast of Israel Is a New City,Now Under
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Theses and Major Papers Marine Affairs 12-1973 The editM erranean Coast of Israel: A Planner's Approach Sophia Professorsky University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/ma_etds Part of the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Recommended Citation Professorsky, Sophia, "The eM diterranean Coast of Israel: A Planner's Approach" (1973). Theses and Major Papers. Paper 146. This Major Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Marine Affairs at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Major Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. l~ .' t. ,." ,: .. , ~'!lB~'MEDI'1'ERRANEAN-GQAsT ~F.~"IsMt~·;.·(Al!~.oS:-A~PROACH ::".~~========= =~.~~=~~~==b======~~==~====~==.=~=====~ " ,. ••'. '. ,_ . .. ... ..p.... "".. ,j,] , . .;~ ; , ....: ./ :' ",., , " ",' '. 'a ". .... " ' ....:. ' ' .."~".,. :.' , v : ".'. , ~ . :)(A;R:t.::·AF'~~RS'· B~NMi'»APER. '..":. " i . .: '.'-. .: " ~ . : '. ". ..." '-" .~" ~-,.,. .... .., ''-~' ' -.... , . ", ~,~~~~"ed .' bYr. SOph1a,Ji~ofes.orsJcy .. " • "..' - 01 .,.-~ ~ ".··,::.,,;$~ld~~:' ·to,,:" f;~f.... ;)J~:Uexa~d.r . -". , , . ., .."• '! , :.. '> ...; • I ~:'::':":" '. ~ ... : .....1. ' ..~fn··tr8Jti~:·'btt·,~e~Mar1ne.~a1~S·~r~~. ", .:' ~ ~ ": ",~', "-". ~_"." ,' ~~. ;.,·;·X;'::/: u-=" .. _ " -. • ',. ,~,At:·;t.he ,un:lvers:U:~; tif Rh~:<:rs1..J\d. ~ "~.; ~' ~.. ~,- -~ !:).~ ~~~ ~,: ~:, .~ ~ ~< .~ . " . -, -. ... ... ... ... , •• : ·~·J;t.1l9ston.l~~;&:I( .. t)eceiDber; 1~73.• ". .:. ' -.. /~ NOTES, ===== 1. Prior to readinq this paper, please study the map of the country (located in the back-eover pocket), in order to get acquain:t.ed with names and locations of sites mentioned here thereafter. 2.- No ~eqaJ. aspects were introduced in this essay since r - _.-~ 1 lack the professional background for feedinq in tbe information.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel-Hizbullah Conflict: Victims of Rocket Attacks and IDF Casualties July-Aug 2006
    My MFA MFA Terrorism Terror from Lebanon Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket attacks and IDF casualties July-Aug 2006 Search Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket E-mail to a friend attacks and IDF casualties Print the article 12 Jul 2006 Add to my bookmarks July-August 2006 Since July 12, 43 Israeli civilians and 118 IDF soldiers have See also MFA newsletter been killed. Hizbullah attacks northern Israel and Israel's response About the Ministry (Note: The figure for civilians includes four who died of heart attacks during rocket attacks.) MFA events Foreign Relations Facts About Israel July 12, 2006 Government - Killed in IDF patrol jeeps: Jerusalem-Capital Sgt.-Maj.(res.) Eyal Benin, 22, of Beersheba Treaties Sgt.-Maj.(res.) Shani Turgeman, 24, of Beit Shean History of Israel Sgt.-Maj. Wassim Nazal, 26, of Yanuah Peace Process - Tank crew hit by mine in Lebanon: Terrorism St.-Sgt. Alexei Kushnirski, 21, of Nes Ziona Anti-Semitism/Holocaust St.-Sgt. Yaniv Bar-on, 20, of Maccabim Israel beyond politics Sgt. Gadi Mosayev, 20, of Akko Sgt. Shlomi Yirmiyahu, 20, of Rishon Lezion Int'l development MFA Publications - Killed trying to retrieve tank crew: Our Bookmarks Sgt. Nimrod Cohen, 19, of Mitzpe Shalem News Archive MFA Library Eyal Benin Shani Turgeman Wassim Nazal Nimrod Cohen Alexei Kushnirski Yaniv Bar-on Gadi Mosayev Shlomi Yirmiyahu July 13, 2006 Two Israelis were killed by Katyusha rockets fired by Hizbullah: Monica Seidman (Lehrer), 40, of Nahariya was killed in her home; Nitzo Rubin, 33, of Safed, was killed while on his way to visit his children.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTICLES Israel's Migration Balance
    ARTICLES Israel’s Migration Balance Demography, Politics, and Ideology Ian S. Lustick Abstract: As a state founded on Jewish immigration and the absorp- tion of immigration, what are the ideological and political implications for Israel of a zero or negative migration balance? By closely examining data on immigration and emigration, trends with regard to the migration balance are established. This article pays particular attention to the ways in which Israelis from different political perspectives have portrayed the question of the migration balance and to the relationship between a declining migration balance and the re-emergence of the “demographic problem” as a political, cultural, and psychological reality of enormous resonance for Jewish Israelis. Conclusions are drawn about the relation- ship between Israel’s anxious re-engagement with the demographic problem and its responses to Iran’s nuclear program, the unintended con- sequences of encouraging programs of “flexible aliyah,” and the intense debate over the conversion of non-Jewish non-Arab Israelis. KEYWORDS: aliyah, demographic problem, emigration, immigration, Israel, migration balance, yeridah, Zionism Changing Approaches to Aliyah and Yeridah Aliyah, the migration of Jews to Israel from their previous homes in the diaspora, was the central plank and raison d’être of classical Zionism. Every stream of Zionist ideology has emphasized the return of Jews to what is declared as their once and future homeland. Every Zionist political party; every institution of the Zionist movement; every Israeli government; and most Israeli political parties, from 1948 to the present, have given pride of place to their commitments to aliyah and immigrant absorption. For example, the official list of ten “policy guidelines” of Israel’s 32nd Israel Studies Review, Volume 26, Issue 1, Summer 2011: 33–65 © Association for Israel Studies doi: 10.3167/isr.2011.260108 34 | Ian S.
    [Show full text]
  • National Outline Plan NOP 37/H for Natural Gas Treatment Facilities
    Lerman Architects and Town Planners, Ltd. 120 Yigal Alon Street, Tel Aviv 67443 Phone: 972-3-695-9093 Fax: 9792-3-696-0299 Ministry of Energy and Water Resources National Outline Plan NOP 37/H For Natural Gas Treatment Facilities Environmental Impact Survey Chapters 3 – 5 – Marine Environment June 2013 Ethos – Architecture, Planning and Environment Ltd. 5 Habanai St., Hod Hasharon 45319, Israel [email protected] Unofficial Translation __________________________________________________________________________________________________ National Outline Plan NOP 37/H – Marine Environment Impact Survey Chapters 3 – 5 1 Summary The National Outline Plan for Natural Gas Treatment Facilities – NOP 37/H – is a detailed national outline plan for planning facilities for treating natural gas from discoveries and transferring it to the transmission system. The plan relates to existing and future discoveries. In accordance with the preparation guidelines, the plan is enabling and flexible, including the possibility of using a variety of natural gas treatment methods, combining a range of mixes for offshore and onshore treatment, in view of the fact that the plan is being promoted as an outline plan to accommodate all future offshore gas discoveries, such that they will be able to supply gas to the transmission system. This policy has been promoted and adopted by the National Board, and is expressed in its decisions. The final decision with regard to the method of developing and treating the gas will be based on the developers' development approach, and in accordance with the decision of the governing institutions by means of the Gas Authority. In the framework of this policy, and in accordance with the decisions of the National Board, the survey relates to a number of sites that differ in character and nature, divided into three parts: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Abstract Book
    RESEARCH UPDATE Table of contents 1. Clinical Outcomes Knee Conditions ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Hip Conditions ­ ­ ­­ Lower Back Conditions ­ ­ ­ ­ Ankle Condition 2. Biomechanical Alignment and Perturbation 39 ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ 3. Specific Muscle Activation 53 ­ ­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­ 4. Knee Osteoarthritis Functional Severity Classification & Gait Analysis 57 ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ 5 Additional Scientific Evidence 63 ­­ ¡­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Biomechanical aspects of knee osteoarthritis and AposTherapy - Review A. Elbaz (MD), A. Mor (MD), G.Segal AposTherapy Research Group Abstract Over the past few decades, there has been growing evidence on the importance of biomechanical factors in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Knee OA is characterized by decreased neuromuscular control, instability of the knee joint and weakness of the knee musculature, all of which lead to abnormal
    [Show full text]
  • Geography and Politics: Maps of “Palestine” As a Means to Instill Fundamentally Negative Messages Regarding the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
    Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S) Special Information Bulletin November 2003 Geography and Politics: Maps of “Palestine” as a means to instill fundamentally negative messages regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict The maps of “Palestine” distributed by the Palestinian Authority and other PA elements are an important and tangible method of instilling fundamentally negative messages relating to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These include ignoring the existence of the State of Israel, and denying the bond between the Jewish people and the Holyland; the obligation to fulfill the Palestinian “right of return”; the continuation of the “armed struggle” for the “liberation” of all of “Palestine”, and perpetuating hatred of the State of Israel. Hence, significant changes in the maps of “Palestine” would be an important indicator of a real willingness by the Palestinians to recognize the right of Israel to exist as a Jewish state and to arrive at a negotiated settlement based on the existence of two states, Israel and Palestine, as envisaged by President George W. Bush in the Road Map. The map features “Palestine” as distinctly Arab-Islamic, an integral part of the Arab world, and situated next to Syria, Egypt and Lebanon. Israel is not mentioned. (Source: “Natioal Education” 2 nd grade textbook, page 16, 2001-2002). Abstract The aim of this document is to sum up the findings regarding maps of “Palestine” (and the Middle East) circulated in the Palestinian areas by the PA and its institutions, and by other organizations (including research institutions, charities, political figures, and terrorist organizations such as Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad).
    [Show full text]
  • Israel National Report for Habitat III National Israel Report
    Israel National Report for Habitat III National Report Israel National | 1 Table of content: Israel National Report for Habitat III Forward 5-6 I. Urban Demographic Issues and Challenges for a New Urban Agenda 7-15 1. Managing rapid urbanization 7 2. Managing rural-urban linkages 8 3. Addressing urban youth needs 9 4. Responding to the needs of the aged 11 5. Integrating gender in urban development 12 6. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learned 13 II. Land and Urban Planning: Issues and Challenges for a New Urban Agenda 16-22 7. Ensuring sustainable urban planning and design 16 8. Improving urban land management, including addressing urban sprawl 17 9. Enhancing urban and peri-urban food production 18 10. Addressing urban mobility challenges 19 11. Improving technical capacity to plan and manage cities 20 Contributors to this report 12. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learned 21 • National Focal Point: Nethanel Lapidot, senior division of strategic planing and policy, Ministry III. Environment and Urbanization: Issues and Challenges for a New Urban of Construction and Housing Agenda 23-29 13. Climate status and policy 23 • National Coordinator: Hofit Wienreb Diamant, senior division of strategic planing and policy, Ministry of Construction and Housing 14. Disaster risk reduction 24 • Editor: Dr. Orli Ronen, Porter School for the Environment, Tel Aviv University 15. Minimizing Transportation Congestion 25 • Content Team: Ayelet Kraus, Ira Diamadi, Danya Vaknin, Yael Zilberstein, Ziv Rotem, Adva 16. Air Pollution 27 Livne, Noam Frank, Sagit Porat, Michal Shamay 17. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learned 28 • Reviewers: Dr. Yodan Rofe, Ben Gurion University; Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel Electric Corporation
    Israel Electric Corporation (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) Government-owned Corporation Address: P.O.B. 10, Haifa 31000 Telephone: 972-4-8182222 Fax: 972-4-8501850 Website: www.israel-electric.co.il IEC headquarters in Haifa, Israel abbreviation: IEC) is the , לישראל חברת החשמל :Israel Electric Corporation (Hebrew main supplier of electrical power in Israel. IEC builds, maintains and operates power generation stations, sub-stations, as well as the transmission and distribution networks. The company is the sole integrated electric utility in the State of Israel and generates, transmits and distributes substantially all the electricity used in the State of Israel. The State of Israel owns approximately 99.85% of the Company. The Company was incorporated in mandatory Palestine on March 29, 1923, with its main object to produce, supply, distribute and sell electricity to the consumers. Israel Electric Corp. was first registered under the name "The Palestine Electricity, Corporation Limited", which was changed in the year 1961 to its present name "The Israel Electric Corporation Limited". The IEC is one of the largest industrial companies in Israel, owning and operating 17 power stations sites (including 5 major thermal power stations) with an aggregate installed generating capacity of 10,899 MW. In 2006, the Company sold 46,175 GWh, of electricity. To meet projected future electricity demand, the Company's capital investment program provides for the addition of 2,578 MW of installed capacity by the end of 2011. The company has over 12,000 employees and provides electricity and services to 2.4 million households. The Orot Rabin power station owned by the IEC has Israel's tallest structure, a chimney, standing at 300m, while Tel Aviv's distinctive Reading Power Station was one of its earliest.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Molluscs and Fish As Biomarkers of Pollution Stress in Littoral Regions of the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Sea
    Helgol Mar Res (1999) 53:219–243 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 1999 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Vladimir Bresler · Vera Bissinger · Avigdor Abelson Halim Dizer · Armin Sturm · Renate Kratke Lev Fishelson · Peter-Diedrich Hansen Marine molluscs and fish as biomarkers of pollution stress in littoral regions of the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Sea Received: 2 March 1999 / Received in revised form: 2 August 1999 / Accepted: 3 August 1999 Abstract The intensive development of industry and ur- higher in the surface epithelia of molluscs from a pollut- ban structures along the seashores of the world, as well ed site than that of the same species from control, unpol- as the immense increase in marine transportation and luted stations, providing clear evidence of response to other activities, has resulted in the deposition of thou- stress. Enhanced frequency of DNA lesions (alkaline and sands of new chemicals and organic compounds, endan- acidic DNA unwinding) and micronucleus-containing gering the existence of organisms and ecosystems. The cells was significantly higher in samples from polluted conventional single biomarker methods used in ecologi- sites in comparison to those from the clean sites that ex- cal assessment studies cannot provide an adequate base hibited genotoxic and clastogenic activity of the pollu- for environmental health assessment, management and tants. In all the studied molluscs a negative correlation sustainability planning. The present study uses a set of was found between the MXRtr levels of activity and the novel biochemical, physiological, cytogenetic and mor- frequency of micronucleus-containing hemocytes. The phological methods to characterize the state of health of expression of this was in accordance with the level of selected molluscs and fish along the shores of the Ger- pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • Republication, Copying Or Redistribution by Any Means Is
    Republication, copying or redistribution by any means is expressly prohibited without the prior written permission of The Economist The Economist April 5th 2008 A special report on Israel 1 The next generation Also in this section Fenced in Short-term safety is not providing long-term security, and sometimes works against it. Page 4 To ght, perchance to die Policing the Palestinians has eroded the soul of Israel’s people’s army. Page 6 Miracles and mirages A strong economy built on weak fundamentals. Page 7 A house of many mansions Israeli Jews are becoming more disparate but also somewhat more tolerant of each other. Page 9 Israel at 60 is as prosperous and secure as it has ever been, but its Hanging on future looks increasingly uncertain, says Gideon Licheld. Can it The settlers are regrouping from their defeat resolve its problems in time? in Gaza. Page 11 HREE years ago, in a slim volume enti- abroad, for Israel to become a fully demo- Ttled Epistle to an Israeli Jewish-Zionist cratic, non-Zionist state and grant some How the other fth lives Leader, Yehezkel Dror, a veteran Israeli form of autonomy to Arab-Israelis. The Arab-Israelis are increasingly treated as the political scientist, set out two contrasting best and brightest have emigrated, leaving enemy within. Page 12 visions of how his country might look in a waning economy. Government coali- the year 2040. tions are fractious and short-lived. The dif- In the rst, it has some 50% more peo- ferent population groups are ghettoised; A systemic problem ple, is home to two-thirds of the world’s wealth gaps yawn.
    [Show full text]
  • Delek Cover English 04.2006
    ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Delek Group Ltd 7, Giborei Israel St., P.O.B 8464, Industrial Zone South, Netanya 42504, Israel Tel: 972 9 8638444, 972 9 8638555 Fax: 972 9 885495 www.delek-group.com Table of Contents: Chapter A Corporate Description Chapter B Director's Report on the Corporation Chapter C Financial Statements for December 31, 2004 Chapter D Additional Information on the Corporation Chapter E MATAV - CABLE SYSTEMS MEDIA LTD IMPORTANT This document is an unofficial translation from the Hebrew original of the 2005 annual report of Delek Group Ltd. that was submitted to the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange and the Israeli Securities Authority on March 29, 2006. The Hebrew version submitted to the TASE and the Israeli Securities Authority shall be the sole binding version. Investors are urged to review the full Hebrew report. Part One – A Description of the General Development of the Company's Businesses 1. The Company's Activities and the Development of its Business ......................... 3 2. Sectors of Operation .................................................................................................. 6 3. Equity Investments in the Company and Transactions in its Shares................... 7 4. Dividend Distribution ................................................................................................. 8 5. Financial Information Regarding the Group's Sectors........................................... 9 6. The General Environment and Outside Influences................................................. 9 7. Oil Refining Sector
    [Show full text]
  • Fttiinu Dispersal: III
    Journal of Coastal Research 14 196-217 Royal Palm Beach, Florida Winter 1998 Clay Mineral Distributions to Interpret Nile Cell Provenance and Dispersal: III. Offshore Margin between Nile Delta and Northern Israel Daniel Jean Stanley,t Yaacov Nir,í Ehud Galilitt •i-Deltas-Globai Change +Cxeological Survey of Israel ttMarine Archaeologj' Branch Program 30 Malkhe Israel Street Israel Antiquities Authority E-206 NMNH, Paleobiology Jerusalem 95501, Israel P.O. Box 180 Smithsonian Institution Atlit 30350, Israel Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A. ABSTRACTI STANLEY, D..J.; NIR, Y. and GALILI, E., 1998. Clay Mineral Distribution.s to Interpret Nile Cell Provenance and fttiinu Dispersal: III. Offshore Margin between Nile Delta and Northern Israel. Journal ofCoantal Research. 14(1), 196-217. Royal Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Clay assemblages in Holocene sediment on southeast Mediterranean margins are generally smectite-rich and, in the past, were derived primarily from direct River Nile input to the sea. Depositional patterns in the Nile littoral cell are now'undergoing extensive change, largely as a response to closure of the High Dam at Aswan (1964), mcreased sediment entrapment by canal systems in the Nile delta, and construction of large coastal structures between the Nile delta and Israeli margins. Although information on land-to-sea dispersal by the River Nile and other fluvial and offshore sediment sources to the east remains limited, there appears to be evidence for increased sediment input from erosion of Sinai and Levant shelves and coasts east of the Nile delta. This, the third in a 3-part study that focuses on regional clay mineral distributions, was initiated to provide baselines to measure evolving changes of sediment, provenance and dispersal patterns on the shelves and upper Nile Cone between the Nile delta and northern Israel.
    [Show full text]