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From Silence to Memory Project, El Camino Del Ángel / the Angel Path © 2009 by Daniel Hernández-Salazar

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From Silence to Memory Project, El Camino Del Ángel / the Angel Path © 2009 by Daniel Hernández-Salazar Cover photograph: Para que todos lo sepan / So That All Shall Know, part of a larger artistic From Silence to Memory project, El Camino del Ángel / The Angel Path © 2009 by Daniel Hernández-Salazar. Installation in the Historical Archive of the National Police Revelations of the Archivo of Guatemala. In 1997 the photographer Daniel Hernández- Historico de la Policia Nacional Salazar created three images of angels; in one image the angel covers his eyes, in one his ears, and in one his mouth. This triptych was intended as a commentary on the way many people in Guatemala denied what was happening in their country. In 1998, Hernández-Salazar added a fourth angel who screamed out the truth about the atrocities that had been committed. The four images illustrated the cover of the report of “Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica” project, REMHI (The Recovery of Historical Memory project). Monsignor Juan Gerardi directed the project and was assassinated two days after the public presentation of the report, on April 26, 1998. In the pursuit of justice, one year later Hernandez-Salazar had installed images of the fourth angel in symbolic places in Guatemala City in testimony to the crime against Gerardi. Later he installed images in other countries. On this journey he set out to raise awareness about the genocide committed in Guatemala before the world, directly denouncing those responsible within the country as well as foreigners. Making connections among events that have occurred all over the world, he worked to demonstrate that tragedies like this happen in almost all countries. With the installation in the AHPN, Hernández-Salazar added one more piece to El Camino del Ángel/ The Road of the Angel. http://danielhernandezsalazar.blogspot.com From Silence to Memory Revelations of the AHPN (AHPN, Guatemala) From Silence to Memory Revelations of the AHPN Foreword by Carlos Aguirre Preface to the English translation by Kate Doyle 2013 Published by University of Oregon Libraries, 2013 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-1299 United States of America Telephone: (541) 346-3053 / Fax: (541) 346-3485 © 2013, Archivo Histórico de la Policía Nacional Foreword: Carlos Aguirre © 2013 Preface to the English translation: Kate Doyle © 2013 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US Total or partial reproduction is authorized providing the source is acknowledged. Translation of: Del Silencio a la Memoria. Revelaciones del Archivo Histórico de la Policía Nacional/ Archivo histórico de la Policía Nacional - Guatemala, Guatemala : Archivo Histórico de la Policía Nacional, 2011. ISBN: 978-9929-8065-3-5 Archivo Histórico de la Policía Nacional Avenida La Pedrera 10-00 Zona 6, Ciudad de Guatemala Guatemala, C.A. Telephone: (502) 22690628 Fax: (502) 22702098 Email: [email protected] Cover photograph: Daniel Hernández-Salazar © 2009, all rights reserved. Used with permission: http://danielhernandezsalazar.blogspot.com Translation by TransPerfect Translations International, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-9858204-0-4 ISBN: 978-0-9858204-1-1 (PDF) Printed in Guatemala, C.A. by: Foto Publicaciones 20 Avenida 2-53 zona 1, Colonia Las Victorias Tel.: (502) 2220-0630 / Fax: (502) 2230-2214 Print run: 500 copies The investigative process enabling the production of this report has been possible thanks to the invaluable support of: The Kingdom of Sweden, the Netherlands, the Swiss Confederation, the Catalan Agency for Development Cooperation, (ACCD), the German Social-Technical Cooperation Service (DED), the Government of the Basque Country and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Stewart R. Mott Foundation. The translation and publication of this book was possible thanks to the University of Oregon Libraries, the Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC), and the generous funding from Phil and Jill Lighty. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the bodies that contributed to its production. From Silence to Memory - Revelations of the AHPN vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................................................. xiii Preface to the English Translation ....................................................... xvii Preface ................................................................................................. xxiii Acknowledgements ............................................................................. xxv Prologue .............................................................................................. xxix Introduction ......................................................................................... xxxiii Structure of the Report ........................................................................ lix Chapter I Structure and Functions of the National Police, 1975-1985 ............... 1 1. Details of the History of the Police Institution ............................... 1 2. Established Legal Functions ........................................................... 5 2.1 The Constitution of 1965 and the Founding Statute of 1982 .. 5 2.2 The Organic Law of the National Police ................................. 7 2.3 Government Accords ............................................................... 15 2.4 Orders Issued by the Directorate General of the PN................. 15 2.5 Criminal Investigation ............................................................. 24 2.5.1 Investigation and Intelligence Agencies ......................... 24 a) The Committee for National Defense against Communism and the Preventive Penal Law against Communism ............................................................... 25 b) The Directorate General of National Security ............ 26 c) The Criminal Investigations Section, Office of Internal Investigations, and Central Complaints Section ........................................................................ 30 d) Corps of Detectives, 1970-1982 .................................. 36 viii National Police Historical Archive e) The Judicial Police Section, 1973-1982 ........................... 38 f) The Department of Technical Investigation, 1982-1986 .. 39 2.5.2 Other Agencies Involved in Investigation and Pursuit of Crime................................................................... 41 a) The Center for Joint Police Operations ........................... 41 b) The Fifth Corps (BROE/COE) ............................................ 45 c) The Special Investigations Section or Command Six .... 48 3. Types of Documents Relevant to the Investigation of Human Rights ........................................................... 50 3.1 “Oficios” ....................................................................................... 50 3.2 “Providencias” ............................................................................. 52 3.3 Memorandum ............................................................................... 54 3.3.1 Memorandum for the Information of the Head of State, Commander in Chief of the Army, and the Minister of Defense ............................................................. 55 3.4 Telegrams and Radiograms ......................................................... 57 3.5 Circulars ....................................................................................... 61 3.6 New Developments ...................................................................... 63 3.7 Complaints .................................................................................... 71 3.8 Record Cards ................................................................................. 77 3.8.1 Criminal, Political, and Social Record Cards ....................... 77 3.8.2 Identification Bureau Record Cards .................................... 78 3.9 Reports ......................................................................................... 79 3.9.1 Corpse and Injury Reports .................................................. 80 3.9.2 Investigation Reports .......................................................... 82 3.9.3 Confidential Agent Reports ................................................. 84 3.10 Work Records ............................................................................. 86 3.11 Name Records ............................................................................ 88 3.11.1 Person Lists ....................................................................... 88 3.11.2 Personnel Lists .................................................................. 91 3.11.3 Prisoner Lists .................................................................... 93 3.12 General Orders ........................................................................... 93 3.13 Security Orders .......................................................................... 96 3.14 Operational Plans ....................................................................... 98 3.15 Security Plans ............................................................................ 101 4. Classification of Information .............................................................. 101 From Silence to Memory - Revelations of the AHPN ix 4.1 Documents Classified “Confidential” .......................................... 101 4.2 Documents Classified “Secret” .................................................... 104 Chapter II Relations between the State Security Forces .......................................... 105 1. Antecedents to Joint Operations
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