The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
13-16 December 2016 Duangtawan Hotel, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Hosted by: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
Cooperated by: Thai Society of Mechanical Engineering (TSME)
Congratulatory Message from President of TSME
The cooperation of Mechanical Engineering Network of Thailand conference has been held since 1987. The objectives of the conference are to encourage students, researchers, and interested person to present their works, to create research cooperating network in mechanical engineering, to publish the research works for industry sectors, to collaborate mechanical engineering association with public and private organizations in order to enhance the growth of country, to centralize the research and develop knowledge together, and to be advisor in the field of mechanical engineering for members and interested person. Although this conference was originated from the National conference, we have more and more participants from abroad every year. I really appreciate that this conference is not only for Thai engineers but also engineers from other countries in this region. I would like to congratulate to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University as a host for the 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering between 13-16 December 2016 at Duangtawan Hotel, Chiang Mai, Thailand. I hope the conference will be success and strengthen the network of national and international engineering researchers.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Chinda Charoenphonphanich President of Thai Society of Mechanical Engineers (TSME)
Congratulatory Message from the President of JSME
On behalf of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), I cordially congratulate Thai Society of Mechanical Engineers (TSME) for organizing the 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (IcoME). I expect that there will be many participants from a greater number of countries joining the conference this year. The 7th TSME-ICoME will provide an excellent opportunity for researchers and engineers to gather to discuss generic and practical applications and new directions.
The importance of mechanical engineering to industry and society continues to grow. Many of the researches and engineering activities are demanded. Cultivation of human resources working in mechanical engineering fields with high motivation is also important. I strongly believe that the 7th TSME-ICoME will further contribute to the development mechanical engineering in Thailand and also world.
I will be joining the conference as a representative from JSME. My past visits to Thailand always gave me a wonderful impression; its people, culture, food and so on and so forth. I was impressed by friendship of people and developments of the country. This is my first time to visit to Chiang Mai. I really look forward to attending this conference and the opportunity to visit beautiful and historical city in this December.
Kikuo KISHIMOTO, Doctor of Engineering. President, the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
“Engineers create the world that never existed.” This tagline, used by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, is particularly appropriate to Thailand, as it evolves from a developing to a developed nation. Mechanical Engineers will continue to play an important role in this process. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers would like to offer congratulations and best wishes to the Thai Society of Mechanical Engineers on the occasion of TSME ICOME 2016.
James Ashworth Representative, Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Thanks Chulalongkorn University for the generous contribution.
Contents
page Members of Thai Society of Mechanical Engineering (TSME) 1 Conference Program Committee 2 List of reviewers 5 Keynote Speaker #1 10 Keynote Speaker #2 11 Keynote Speaker #3 12 Keynote Speaker #4 13 Plenary Session #1 14 Plenary Session #2 15 Plenary Session #3 16 Plenary Session #4 17 ASEAN Session 18 Schedule 19 Conference Map 23 Abstract Content 25 AEC: Alternative Energy and Combustion 39 AME: Automotive, Aerospace and Marine Engineering 65 AMM: Applied Mechanics, Materials and Manufacturing 85 BME: Biomechanics and Bioengineering 108 CST: Computation and Simulation Techniques 128 DRC: Dynamics Systems, Robotics and Controls 149 EDU: Engineering Education 163 ETM: Energy Technology and Management 168 MSN: Micro System and Nanotechnology 185 POS: Poster Session 194 TSF: Thermal System and Fluid Mechanics 209
Members of Thai Society of Mechanical Engineers (TSME)
1. Chulalongkorn University 2. Thammasat University 3. Mahidol University 4. Kasetsart University 5. Chiang Mai University 6. Prince of Songkla University 7. King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 8. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok 9. King Mongkut's University of Technology Ladkrabang 10. Mahanakorn University of Technology 11. Silpakorn University 12. Khon Kaen University 13. Suranaree University of Technology 14. Ubon Ratchathani University 15. Mahasarakham University 16. Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 17. Sripatum University 18. Navaminda Kasatriyadhiraj Royal Air Force Academy 19. Naresuan University 20. Pathumwan Institute of Technology 21. Burapha University 22. Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin 23. Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy 24. Pathumthani University 25. Siam University 26. Rangsit University 27. Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology 28. Srinakharinwirot University 29. Rajamangala University of Technology Isan 30. Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna
1
Conference Program Committee The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
Honorary Chair Asst. Prof. Dr. Chinda Charoenphonphanich Thai Society of Mechanical Engineers (TSME) President
General Conference Chair Asst. Prof. Dr. Witaya Wannasuphoprasit Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND
General Conference Vice Chair Assc. Prof. Dr. Phongsaen Pitakwatchara Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND
General Conference Secretariat Assc. Prof. Dr. Nopdanai Ajavakom Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND
International Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Ashwani K. Gupta Prof. Dr. Ashim K. Datta University of Maryland, USA Cornell University, USA Prof. Dr. Adrian Bejan Prof. Dr. Kambiz Vafai Duke University, USA University of California, USA Assc. Prof. Dr. Nicholas Fang Assc. Prof. Dr. Renkun Chen MIT, USA University of California, USA Prof. Dr. Narita Yoshihiro Prof. Dr. Yoshiharu Mutoh Hokkaido University, JAPAN Nagaoka University of Technology, JAPAN Prof. Dr. Ning Zhu Prof. Dr. Naoki Maruyama Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Mie University, JAPAN JAPAN Katsunori Hanamura Prof. Dr. Takeshi Asai Tokyo Institute of Technology, JAPAN University of Tsukuba, JAPAN Jens Nørkær Sørensen Arun S. Mujumdar Technical University of Denmark, DENMARK National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE
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Assc. Prof. Dr. Seokwoo Jeon Ocktaeck Lim KAIST, REPUBLIC OF KOREA University of Ulsan, REPUBLIC OF KOREA Prof. Dr. Elmi Abu Bakar Prof. Dr. Huynh Thanh Cong Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VIETNAM Pham Tuan Anh Hendri Syamsudin Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, INDONESIA VIETNAM Assc. Prof. Dr. Iman K. Reksowardojo Prof. Dr. Pham Huu Tuyen Institute of Technology Bandung, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, INDONESIA VIETNAM Prof. Dr. Le Anh Tuan Hanoi University of Science and Technology, VIETNAM
Local Scientific Committee Assc. Prof. Dr. Withaya Yongcharoen Prof. Dr. Somchai Hanklar Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Navaminda Kasatriyadhiraj Royal Air Force Academy, THAILAND Assc. Prof. Dr. Worawut Wisutmetthangoon Asst. Prof. Dr. Jackrit Suthakorn Prince of Songkla University, THAILAND Mahidol University, THAILAND Prof. Dr. Phadungsak Ratanadecho Prof. Dr. Viboon Sangveraphunsiri Thammasat University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Prof. Dr. Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat Prof. Dr. Somchai Wongwises Chiang Mai University, THAILAND King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, THAILAND Asst. Prof. Dr. Lerkiat Vongsarnpigoon Assc. Prof. Dr. Perapong Tekasakul Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Prince of Songkla University, THAILAND THAILAND Dr. Paul Bland Prof. Dr. Somsak Chaiyapinunt Seagate, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Prof. Dr. Pramote Dechaumphai Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND
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Organizing Committee General Conference Chair General Conference Vice Chair Asst. Prof. Dr. Witaya Wannasuphoprasit Assc. Prof. Dr. Phongsaen Pitakwatchara Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Assc. Prof. Dr. Pairod Singhatanadgid Assc. Prof. Dr. Ratchatin Chanchareon Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Asst. Prof. Dr. Sunhapos Chantranuwathana Asst. Prof. Dr. Werayut Srituravanich Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Asst. Prof. Dr. Alongkorn Pimpin Asst. Prof. Dr. Chanat Ratanasumawong Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Asst. Prof. Dr. Nuksit Noomwongs Assc. Prof. Dr. Boonchai Lertnuwat Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Assc. Prof. Dr. Chittin Tangthieng Dr. Gridsada Phanomchoeng Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Dr. Surat Kwanmuang Dr. Saran Salakij Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Assc. Prof. Dr. Asi Bunyajitradulya Asst. Prof. Dr. Pairat Tangpornprasert Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Committee Committee Asst. Prof. Dr. Jirapong Kasivitamnuay Asst. Prof. Dr. Niphon Wansophark Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND General Conference Secretariat Assc. Prof. Dr. Nopdanai Ajavakom Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND
4 List of Reviewers
Prof.Dr. Ashwani K.Gupta University of Maryland, United States of America
Prof.Dr. Chaosuan Kanchanomai Thammasat Univeristy, Thailand
Prof.Dr. Satoshi Matsumoto Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan
Prof.Dr. Somchai Hanklar Navaminda Kasatriyadhuraj Royal Air Force Academy, Thailand
Prof.Dr. Sujin Bureerat Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Prof.Dr. Thananchai Leephakpreeda Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Asi Bunyajitradulya Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Chonlathis Eiamworawutthikul Sripatum University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Dulyachot Cholaseuk Thammasat Univeristy, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ekachai Juntasaro King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Jarruwat Charoensuk King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Kittipong Boonlong Burapha University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nopdanai Ajavakom Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Otsin Nilubol Navaminda Kasatriyadiraj Royal Air Force Academy, Aeronautical Engineering Department, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Pairod Singhatanadgid Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Paisarn Naphon Srinakarinwirot University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Panadda Marayong California State University, Long Beach, United States of America
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Pongpan Kaewtatip King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
5 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ratchaphon Suntivarakorn Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ratchatin Chancharoen Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Smith Eiamsa-ard Mahanakorn University of Technology, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Supachart Chungpaibulpatana Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Thanakom Soontornchainacksaeng King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Thira Jiasiripongkul Thammasat Univeristy, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Varangrat Juntasaro Kasetsart University, Thailand
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Wanchai Asvapoositkul King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Alognkorn Pimpin Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Ananchai Ukaew Naresuan University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Annop Ruangviset King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Anotai Suksangpanomrung Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Apiwat Muttamara Thammasat University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Boonchai Wajjatrakul King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Boonrit Prasartkaew Rajamangaly University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr. Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon Thammasat Univeristy, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Chanat Ratanasumawong Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Chawin Chantharasenawong King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Chinnapat Thipyopat Kasetsart University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Jaruwat Jareanjit Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Thailand
6 Asst.Prof.Dr. Jirapong Kasivitamnuay Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Julaporn Benjapiyaporn Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Kampanart Theinnoi King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Kittisak Khuwaranyu Silpakorn University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Kunnayut Eiamsa-ard Kasetsart University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Monsak Pimsarn King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Nuchida Suwapaet Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Numpon Mahayotsanun Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Panya Aroonjarattham Mahidol University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Phacharaporn Bunyawanichakul Kasetsart University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Pongtorn Prombut Kasetsart University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Prasan Sathitruangsak Mahanakorn University of Technology, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Prasatporn Wongkamchang Royal Thai Air Force Academy, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Preecha Khantikomol Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Puttha Jeenkour Burapha University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Rattana Karoonboonyanan Naresuan University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Sappinandana Akamphon Thammasat Univeristy, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Sarawoot Watechagit Mahidol University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Sarocha Charoenvai Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Sathaporn Chuepeng Kasetsart University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Sirivit Taechajedcadarungsri Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Somsak Vongpradubchai Thammasat University, Thailand
7 Asst.Prof.Dr. Surapong Chatpun Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Suvanit Chitsiriphanit King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Suwimon Saneewong Na Ayuttaya Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Teerapot Wessapan Eastern Asia University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Thanapat Wanichanon Mahidol University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Thibordin Sangsawang Silpakorn University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Thosapon Katejanekarn Silpakorn University, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Warunee Ariyawiriyanan Rajamangala Institute of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand
Asst.Prof.Dr. Werayut Srituravanich Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Dr. Anchalee Saengsai Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Dr. Danu Prommin MTEC, Thailand
Sripatum University, Thailand Dr. Denchai Woradechjumroen Dr. Jakkrapun Chuanasa Thammasat University, Thailand
Dr. Jitti Pattavanitch Burapha University, Thailand
Dr. Kavin Karunratanakul MTEC, Thailand
Dr. Makatar Wae-hayee Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Dr. Mason Thammawichai Royal Thai Air Force Academy , Thailand
Dr. Maturose Suchatawat King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand
Dr. Nattawut Suwannapum Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Thailand
Dr. Nuttawut Lewpiriyawong National University of Singapore, Singapore
Dr. Pakpong Jantapremjit Burapha University, Thailand
8 Dr. Piyamon Poapongsakorn Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand
Dr. Pornthip Keangin Mahidol University, Thailand
Dr. Punyawan Lumpaopong Naresuan University, Thailand
Dr. Rattana Borrisutthekul Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand
Dr. Sopida Sungsoontorn Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Thailand
Dr. Sukit Nitinai Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Thailand
Dr. Sumet Heamawatanachai Naresuan University, Thailand
Dr. Usa Makmool King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Dr. Waraporn Klinbun Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Thailand
9 Keynote Speaker #1
Name: Akira Sakai Position: Technical Advisor Nuclear Power Operation IHI Corporation
Education 1974 Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan 1976 Master of Engineering, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Graduate School of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Research Reactor Heat Engineering, Reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuels, High Level Wastes Vitrification, Glass Science and Technology, Remote Handling Technology, Chemical Weapon Disposal
Experiences 2010-present Technical Advisor, Nuclear Power Operations, IHI Corporation 2010-present Technical Advisor (part-time), Reprocessing Business Division, Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited (JNFL) 2012-2013 Chairman, Power and Energy System Division (PESD), Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) 2009-2010 Technical Advisor, Energy Plants, IHI Corporation 2005-2009 Deputy Division Director, Nuclear Power Division, IHI Corporation 2002-2005 General Manager, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Project Dept. IHI Corporation 2000-2002 General Manager, Nuclear Fuel Cycle System Development Dept. IHI Corporation 1990-2000 Manager, Nuclear Fuel Cycle System Design Dept. IHI Corporation
10 Keynote Speaker #2
Name: Prof. Dr.Viboon Sangveraphunsiri Position: Professor Dept. of Mech. Eng. Chulalongkorn University
Education 1984 Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering), Georgia Institute of Technology, USA. 1980 MS.ME. (Mechanical Engineering), Georgia Institute of Technology, USA. 1978 B. Eng. (Mechanical Engineering), Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Research Dynamic Control and Robotics: advanced control systems, force control, computer vision, manipulators, autonomous mobile robots, CAD/CAM/Rapid- prototype in product design and manufacturing
Experiences 2008 - Present Founder of the Regional a research center in the areas of Control and Robotics at Chulalongkorn University (the research works of the center are more toward medical robots especially in stroke rehabilitation as well as robots for industrial applications)
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Keynote Speaker #3
Name: Prof. Dr.Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat Position: Professor Dept. of Mech. Eng. Chiang Mai University
Education 1987 D. Eng. (Energy Technology), Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand 1978 M. Eng. (Mechanical Engineering), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Thailand 1976 B. Eng. (Mechanical Engineering), Kasetsart University, Thailand
Research Thermal processes and energy technology, Clean Energy and Sustainable Resource Development, Energy and Innovation, Thermal management and Heat transfer enhancement in energy systems, Biofuels production and upgrading
Experiences Present Associate Editor of Applied Thermal Engineering Journal Present Director, Center of Excellence for Clean Energy and Sustainable Resource Development, Chiang Mai University and Sino-Thai Laboratory on Energy and Innovation with Jiangsu University, China 1994 Professor and Dean of School of Energy and Materials, KMUTT
12 Keynote Speaker #4
Name: Prof. Dr. Ashwani K. Gupta Position: Professor Dept. of Mech. Eng. University of Maryland
Education 2016 Honorary Doctorate, Derby University, UK 2014 Honorary Doctorate, King Mungkut Univ. of Tech., NB, Thailand 2014 Honorary Doctorate, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee 2013 D.Sc. (Higher doctorate) University of Southampton, UK 1986 D.Sc. (Higher doctorate) Sheffield University, UK 1973 Ph.D. Sheffield University, UK
Research Green flame and flameless oxidation of fuels, High temperature air combustion (HiTAC) technology, Uniform thermal field in the entire combustion zone, Swirl Flows and Laser Diagnostics
Experiences 2008 - Present Distinguished University Professor 1988 - Present Professor, Dept. of Mech. Engineering and Director Combustion Laboratory 1983 - 1987 Associate Professor, University of Maryland 1977 - 1982 Research Staff, Energy Laboratory and Dept. of Chemical Eng., MIT 1976 - 1976 Consultant, Nippon Furnace Co., Yokohama, Japan 1973 - 1976 Research Associate and Independent Research Worker, Sheffield University, UK 1971 - 1973 Graduate Research, Sheffield University, England 1967 - 1971 Research Engineer, International Combustion Ltd., Derby, U.K.
13 Plenary Session I The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016
Sustainable Development of Domestic Nuclear Technology – HLW (High Level Waste) Vitrification
Akira Sakai
IHI Corporation, Nuclear Power Operations, 1, Shin-nakahara-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama 235-8501, Japan
Abstract Japan has some geopolitical restrictions such as no indigenous natural energy resources, a small island, a mountainous and isolated country, a densely populated and highly industrialized country. After rapid economic growth in 1960’s, the oil crisis had occurred in 1973 and 1979. Basic energy sources should be shifted from oil to gas, nuclear, and coal. While fossil fuels are still relatively abundant, they are the prime contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Around 1990, the world had to face significant energy challenges, reduction of CO2 emissions. Nuclear energy should be indispensable for the Japan’s sustainable development. Pursuing energy security, environment, economic efficiency and safety, nuclear power could be used as a key base-load power source. The view point of safety is very important to share the lessons learned from Fukushima accident and enhance safety NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants). Nuclear fuel cycle technologies such as reprocessing of spent fuels and HLW vitrification are indispensable for sustainable operation of NPPs to make an effective use of uranium resources and reduce the volume and hazardous level of HLW. This waste stream contains fission products, inert chemicals, and trace transuranics can be effectively immobilized by nuclear waste vitrification, which has been practiced worldwide. The waste glass can be safely stored, transported, and disposed in geologic repositories. Borosilicate glass has been selected as a waste form for HLW and the vitrification process based on domestic LFCM (Liquid-fed Joule-heated Ceramic Melter) technology has been developed in accordance with the decision of the Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) in 1980 and continued step-wise development through laboratory, engineering, demonstration, and commercial scales in Tokai and Rokkasho. However serious troubles occurred at the commercial vitrification facility, Rokkasho primarily due to the glass chemistry difference between Rokkasho and Tokai wastes, which caused several years delay of commercial operation. The demonstration tests at Tokai were once more performed to verify the countermeasures and the active vitrification test at Rokkasho was successfully completed in 2013. Consequently it took over 30 years to be commercialized. The Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) and the Federation of Japanese Electric Companies (FEPC) recognized the importance of sustainable basic R&Ds for advanced vitrification technology including LFCM system and has entrusted R&D works for the next generation vitrification technology to the universities, research institutes, and private companies from 2009. In case of the domestic development of centrifugal U enrichment technology, it also took over 30 years to be commercialized from the start of basic research. The development of advanced centrifugal machine made of CFRP has started and the productive operation is now in progress. Long term activities and sustainable approach to the advanced technology are indispensable for the nuclear technology development to preserve human resources and maintain the basis of R&D. Since 1990’s, the higher capacity factor of over 80% had been kept in NPPs in Japan over 10 years. Accordingly the government budget for nuclear safety research and the private R&D budget for NPPs were reduced up to 50%. Consequently the number of nuclear researchers and engineers was decreased and the basis of R&D activities became gradually declined. This would probably be one of the causes of Fukushima accident. It should have been important to promote the sustainable activities on technical developments and safety improvements. In this respect we have to pay attention to proper application and management of the advance system and the new safety issues / technology transfer keeping motivations and accelerating regeneration / technological progress for future innovation / learning the new knowledge and its feedback to current issues. Keywords: Nuclear fuel cycle, Vitrification, NPP safety, Fukushima, Sustainable activities
14 Plenary Session II The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016
Exoskeleton Robots for Stroke Rehabilitation
Viboon Sangveraphunsiri
Department of Mechanical Engineering Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Abstract
A 4‐DOF power‐ assist exoskeleton for stroke rehabilitation is developed in this research work. Its configuration consists of three degrees of freedom, two of them are adjustable to suit patient arm, at the shoulder joint and the other one degree of freedom at the elbow joint. The mechanical system is designed based on low friction, no backlash, low inertia, large dynamic range, and back‐drivable. Kinematics, link‐configuration, and control strategies are detailed here. Two control strategies: assistiveresistive mode, based on impedance force control, for a patient who has some difficulty in moving his hand or physically weak persons. An impedance model, based on the concept of virtual wall, has been purposed in the torque control scheme. The resistive mode for a patient who want to improve his hand motion or after finishing the assistive‐resistive operation training program. Each jointed of the exoskeleton arm is actuated by brushless DC servomotor. To simplify torque measurement, each joint torques in the feedback loop are obtained by measuring the input current of the motor drivers multiply by the motors torque constant. Otherwise, sophisticate procedure needed, if we measure current in the armature coil. Both operation modes have been tested with patients, the feedback from patients and medical doctors are very positive.
We developed a robot, CUREs (Chulalongkorn University Rehabilitation robotic Exoskeleton system), for upper extremity rehabilitation. Five subacute stroke patients participated in this pilot study. All patients had severe upper extremity weakness (Brunnstrom stage I and II, Fugl–Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity score, motor function, are from 4 to 10). They participated in 30 min of conventional upper extremity training and 30 min of robotic training, 5 days per week for 2 consecutive weeks. The Fugl– Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale was improved after 2 weeks training in all participants. However, the Motor Assessment Scale was not changed. In the future, we plan to conduct a 4 week randomized–controlled trial study to compare the rehabilitation outcome between CUREs robot with conventional therapy in stroke patient.
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CUREs (Chulalongkorn University Rehabilitation Robotic Exoskeleton system) is the project supported by National Research University Project, Office of Higher Education Commission and Chulalongkorn University. We have been developing many types of rehabilitation robot for neurological rehabilitation, especially stroke, such as 4‐ axis upper‐limb, lower‐limb, 3‐axis wrist and hand‐finger, not just exoskeleton type but also end‐effector type are also explored extensively. This presentation will present our rehabilitation robots not just engineering points of view but also real training by using our robotic systems. Robot‐assisted therapy is a promising method for promoting motor recovery in patient with neurological deficit.
15 Plenary Session III The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016
Thermal Management of PV Module and Battery
Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Abstract
Under Thailand Power Development Plan 2015 (PDP 2015: 2015-2036), in the year 2036, 30 % of final energy (around 39,400 ktoe) will come from alternative energy. For electrical energy demand, the use of renewable energy which is around 9 % in the year 2014 will be up to 20 % in the year 2036. The electricity generated from solar energy in the year 2014 at around 1,300 MWe will be raised up to 6000 MWe in the year 2036. Since the target on power generation is quite challenging then the PV systems in forms of solar farm and solar rooftop are highly increasing.
For solar cell, the performance drops down with the increase of module temperature and for battery, the high temperature decreases the battery performance and causes fire or explosion. Therefore, thermal managements for solar cell module and battery are necessary.
In this paper, a technique of PV/T and cooling or PV/T/C is introduced. The module could generate not just only electrical power and hot water during the daytime but cool water could also be generated during the nighttime and it could be reused to cool down the module in the daytime or used to reduce the building room temperature. Thus the module could be utilized more effectively. In addition, the water with nanofluids is proposed to extract more heat from the solar cell module and more generated electrical power could be achieved.
For battery, different techniques on active cooling such as air-cooling and liquid cooling (water-based, oil based); and passive cooling which is PCM-based are presented.
With the above thermal management techniques, high performances of PV module and battery could be achieved. In addition, appropriate sizing of the units should be evaluated to reduce the investment and the installation costs.
16 Plenary Session IV The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016
Sustainable Clean Energy Production in a Carbon Constrained World
Ashwani K. Gupta
Distinguished University Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Abstract
It is now well understood that carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that provides direct contributions to global warming of our plant. Although there are other contributors to global warming but the share of CO2 is significant. Most of the CO2 is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels and our use of fossil fuels has been increasing due to increased activity and population. The carbon during the combustion process is converted to CO2 with the subsequent release of thermal energy. In the USA most of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels, with coal being the highest. The demand for electricity continues to grow in the developed countries with significant more in some of the developing countries. This has resulted in dramatic increase in global ambient concentrations of CO2. Significant efforts are being pursued to curtail the emission of CO2 or capture and store it in order to maintain the ambient concentrations to some acceptable levels. This talk will focus on energy sustainability with view to global climate change and reduce emission of greenhouse gases to the environment. The emphasis will be on sustainability issues, with due considerations to efficiency and fuel use in different energy usage sectors. Carbon emissions continue to increase through the increase use of fossil fuels. Clean energy harvesting from various kinds of feedstocks is a challenge but recent research and development efforts show a novel fuel reforming path that can be used in a wide variety of industries extending from commercial to aerospace application. Fuels of different physical and chemical properties are available that may not be suitable for all applications. Gasification and pyrolysis are important steps to reform the fuel properties so that they can be used in the current energy conversion systems for various energy and power use with due consideration to environmental impact. Sample gasification results from a laboratory scale reactor and its effect on syngas yield and syngas characteristics will be provided using different waste materials.
17 ASEAN Session
Manuscript ID Manuscript Title Institution Country ASEAN0001 A case study Of DMAIC approach School of Aerospace Malaysia for manufacturing line process Engineering, Universiti Sains improvement for Aerospace Malaysia Industries in Malaysia ASEAN0002 Data acquisition system for School of Aerospace Malaysia determination of a hydraulic Engineering, Universiti Sains conductivity using metal Malaysia concentration ASEAN0003 FAME Synthesis by Ultrasonic Graduate School of Shizuoka Japan Irradiation Based on Solid Catalysts Institute of Science and Technology ASEAN0004 The Biomechanical Effect on Department of Mechanical Thailand Meniscus after Serial Medial Engineering, Faculty of Meniscectomies by Finite Element Engineering, Mahidol Analysis University ASEAN0005 Development of High Efficiency School of Mechanical Thailand Wood Vinegar Condensing System Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology ASEAN0006 A study of the effect of changing in Thai-Nichi Institute of Thailand, fill speed, melt temperature and Technology, Japan mold temperature in molding Osaka Prefecture University processes to skip plate defect in power windows switch plated part ASEAN0007 Impacts of cold atmospheric plasma Sirindhorn International Thailand on oleic acid Institute of Technology, Thammasat University ASEAN0009 Design and Development of Ultra King Mongkut’s University Thailand Compact Eco-Mobility Vehicle for of Technology Thonburi Thailand ASEAN0010 Development of a vision-Based School of Engineering and Thailand SCAA robot for Parts Sorting Technology, Asian Institute of Technology ASEAN0011 A simulation study on emission Ho Chi Minh City University Vietnam reduction for motorcycle in the of Technology conditions at Ho Chi Minh City ASEAN Session
The objective of TSME-ICoME 2016 ASEAN session is technical/cultural exchange of ASEAN young mechanical engineers and researchers for more future collaboration in ASEAN region. The full paper submission and review process are not necessary. Only the abstract is needed. The abstract will not be published in the proceeding.
18 Schedule
The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (7th TSME-ICoME) 13-16 December 2016, Duangtawan Hotel, Chiang Mai, Thailand
14 December 2016 Morning Session
Time Grand Ball Room
8:00‐9:00 Registration and Upload presentation files
9:00‐9:40 Opening Ceremony
Plenary Session 1
Keynote Speaker : Mr. Akira Sakai 9:40‐10:10 Technical Advisor, Nuclear Power Operation, IHI Corporation Moderator : Title: Sustainable Development of Domestic Nuclear Technology – HLW Dr. Surat Kwanmuang (High Level Waste) Vitrification Plenary Session 2 Keynote Speaker : Prof. Dr. Viboon Sangveraphunsiri 10:10‐10:40 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Title: Exoskeleton Robots for Stroke Rehabilitation
10:40‐11:00 Coffee Break
Plenary Session 3
Keynote Speaker : Prof. Dr. Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat Department of 11:00‐11:30 Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University Moderator : Title: Thermal Energy Management in PV/T Battery Systems Assc. Prof. Dr. Asi
Bunyajitradulya Plenary Session 4 Keynote Speaker : Prof. Dr. Ashwani Gupta 11:30‐12:00 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Title: Sustainable Clean Energy Production in a Carbon Constrained World
12:00‐13:00 Lunch Break / Poster Session 1 (12:30‐13:00)
19
14 December 2016 Afternoon Session
Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Time Kham Dao 2 Dao 3 Roong Saen 1 Saen 2 Saen 3 Saen 4 Invited talk Invited talk Invited talk Invited talk Assc. Prof. Dr. Invited talk Dr. Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Invited talk Invited talk Invited talk 13:00‐13:20 Worawut James Somsak Phadungsak Yoshida TBA TBA TBA Wisutmethan Ashworth Chaiyapinant Rattanadecho Atsumasa goon
13:20‐13:40 TSF0001 AMM0001 CST0002 BME0001 EDU0001* ETM0003 AME0001 AEC0001
13:40‐14:00 TSF0002 AMM0002 CST0001 BME0002 EDU0002* ETM0004 AME0004 AEC0002
14:00‐14:20 TSF0009 AMM0003 CST0003 BME0006 EDU0003* ETM0005 AME0005 AEC0003
14:20‐14:40 TSF0004 AMM0005 CST0004 BME0007 EDU0004* ETM0007 AME0006 AEC0004
14:40‐15:00 TSF0005 AMM0006 CST0005 BME0008 EDU0005* ETM0010 AME0007 AEC0007
15:00‐15:30 TSF0007 AMM0007 CST0007 BME0015 ETM0014 AME0008 AEC0008
15:00‐15:30 Coffee Break / Poster Session 2
Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Time Kham Dao 2 Dao 3 Roong Saen 1 Saen 2 Saen 3 Saen 4 Invited talk Invited talk
Prof. Dr. Assc. Prof. 15:30‐15:50 TSF0003 AMM0010 CST0009 ASEAN0001 AME0009 AEC0010 Keisuke Dr. Jung Morishima Keun LEE
15:50‐16:10 TSF0011 AMM0012 CST0012 MSN0001 ASEAN0002 DRC0001 AME0011 AEC0011
16:10‐16:30 TSF0012 AMM0013 CST0013 MSN0002 ASEAN0003 DRC0002 AME0012 AEC0012
16:30‐16:50 TSF0013 AMM0014 CST0014 MSN0003 ASEAN0004 DRC0004 AME0013 AEC0015
16:50‐17:10 TSF0015 AMM0015 CST0015 MSN0006 ASEAN0005 DRC0009 AME0015 AEC0016
17:10‐17:30 TSF0020 AMM0016 CST0016 ASEAN0006 DRC0010 AME0017 AEC0018
17:30‐17:50 TSF0024 AMM0017 CST0017 ASEAN0007 DRC0011 AME0019 AEC0019
18:00‐19:00 TSME committee meeting (Reception Lounge 2)
* Candidates for the Best Paper Awards
20
15 December 2016 Morning & Afternoon Sessions
Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Time Kham Dao 2 Dao 3 Roong Saen 2 Saen 3 Saen 4
8:00‐8:20 Registration and Upload presentation files
Invited talk Invited talk Invited talk
Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. 08:20‐08:40 AMM0018 CST0018 BME0009 DRC0012 Somchai Somchai Sumrerng Wongwiset Hanklar Jugjai
08:40‐09:00 TSF0018 AMM0019 CST0020 BME0010 DRC0013 AME0010 AEC0020
09:00‐09:20 TSF0019 AMM0020 CST0021 BME0011 DRC0014 AME0020 AEC0021
09:20‐09:40 TSF0021 AMM0021 BME0012 ASEAN0010 ASEAN0009 AEC0022
09:40‐10:00 AMM0022 BME0013 AEC0023
10:00‐10:30 Coffee Break
Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Time Kham Dao 2 Dao 3 Roong Saen 2 Saen 4 Invited talk 10:30‐10:50 TSF0006 MSN0004* ETM0002 Asst. Prof. DRC0003* AEC0024 Jackrit Suthakorn
10:50‐11:10 TSF0022 MSN0005* ETM0012 BME0015 DRC0005* AEC0025
11:10‐11:30 TSF0025 MSN0007* ETM0015 BME0017 DRC0006* AEC0026
11:30‐11:50 TSF0008* MSN0008* ETM0016 BME0018 DRC0007* ASEAN0011
11:50‐12.10 TSF0014 MSN0009* ETM0017 BME0019 DRC0008*
12:10‐13:00 Lunch Break
13:00‐17:30 Optional Tour (free of charge): Royal Park Rajapruek
17:30‐18:30 TSME‐Annual meeting (will be conducted in Thai language) (Grand Ball Room)
18:30‐22:00 Banquet (Grand Ball Room)
* Candidates for the Best Paper Awards
21
16 December 2016 Morning Session
Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Chiang Time Kham Dao 2 Dao 3 Roong Saen 2 Saen 3 Saen 4
08:20‐08:40 TSF0010* AMM0004* CST0006* BME0003* ETM0001* AME0002* AEC0005*
08:40‐09:00 TSF0016* AMM0008* CST0008* BME0004* ETM0006* AME0003* AEC0006*
09:00‐09:20 TSF0017* AMM0009* CST0010* BME0005* ETM0008* AME0014* AEC0009*
09:20‐09:40 TSF0023* AMM0011* CST0011* BME0014* ETM0009* AME0016* AEC0013*
09:40‐10:00 TSF0026* AMM0019* CST0014* BME0016* ETM0011* AME0018* AEC0014*
10:00‐10:20 AMM0023* CST0019* BME0020* ETM0013* AME0019* AEC0017*
10:20‐10:50 Coffee Break
11:00‐12:00 Best Paper Awards and Closing Ceremony (Chiang Saen)
12:00‐13:00 Lunch Break / Poster Session (12:30‐13:00)
* Candidates for the Best Paper Awards
22 Conference Map The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
The hotel
http://www.duangtawanhotelchiangmai.com/images/map-eng.jpg
23
The rooms of the third floor third of the rooms The
24 Abstract Content The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
Page
AEC: Alternative Energy and Combustion 39 AME: Automotive, Aerospace and Marine Engineering 65 AMM: Applied Mechanics, Materials and Manufacturing 85 BME: Biomechanics and Bioengineering 108 CST: Computation and Simulation Techniques 128 DRC: Dynamics Systems, Robotics and Controls 149 EDU: Engineering Education 163 ETM: Energy Technology and Management 168 MSN: Micro System and Nanotechnology 185 POS: Poster Session 194 TSF: Thermal System and Fluid Mechanics 209
25 AEC: Alternative Energy and Combustion Page
AEC0001 Comparison of Synthetic Biogas Combustion affected to Cellular 39 Premixed Flames on Flat burner
AEC0002 Effects of CH4 and CO2 on Intrinsic Instability of Synthetic Thai 40 Natural Gas Flames
AEC0003 Effects of Diesel Injection Timing on Dual Fuel Diesel Engine with 41 DME Port-Injection AEC0004 Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine using Blend oflrvingia 42 Malayana Biodiesel and Cassava Ethanol
AEC0005 Self-aspirating Annular Porous Medium Burner (SAPMB) with 43 Adjustable Flame Stabilizer
AEC0006 Reliability Improvement and Optimization of Condensing Porous 44 Heat Exchanger (CPHE) integrated with Porous Medium Burner (PMB)
AEC0007 Preparation of Biocoke from Rubberwood Sawdust by Using Used 45 Coffee Ground as a Binder
AEC0008 Investigation of Reflective Effect on a Solar Power Collector 46
AEC0009 Effect of Primary to Secondary Air Ratio on Combustion 47 Performance for Pulverized Biomass Burner in Industrial Boiler
AEC0010 Design of a Small Boiler for Hothouse by Utilization of Wasted 48 Bamboo
AEC0011 Upgrading of Bio-oil obtained from Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using 49 a Vacuum Distillation Method
AEC0012 Effect of Porous Materials on Unconfined Porous Burner 50 Performance
AEC0013 Study on Co-Combustion of Pelletized and Moisturized Rice Husks 51 in a Cone-Shaped Fluidized-Bed Combustor Using Fuel Staging for Reducing NOx Emissions: Optimization of Operating Variables
AEC0014 Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine using 52 Partially Hydrogenated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (H-FAME)
AEC0015 A Comparison of Combustion and Emissions of a Diesel Engine 53 using Jatropha and Palm H-FAME Fuels
26 Page
AEC0016 A modified analytical model for understanding the behaviour of 54 slag flow inside the entrained flow gasifier
AEC0017 Surrounding Gas Pressure and Oxygen Concentration Dependence 55 of the Spray Auto-ignition Phenomenon for Ethanol-Diethyl Ether Blended Fuels
AEC0018 Effect of Palm Methyl Ester Blends Diesel on Small CI Engine 56 Particulate Matter Quantity and Nanostructure
AEC0019 Numerical Simulation on Combustion Characteristics of a 57 Pulverized Biomass Swirl Burner
AEC0020 Effect of Honeycomb Thickness of Charcoal Cooking Stove on 58 Thermal Efficiency
AEC0021 Experimental Investigation on Fuel Injection and Spray 59 Characteristics of Commercial Diesel and Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) with Different Injection Pressure Using High Pressure Fuel Injection System
AEC0022 Optimum Design of Scroll Expander Wrap for Organic Rankine 60 Cycle (ORC) Power Generation
AEC0023 The Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in Direct Injection Spark 61 Ignition Engine Using Ethanol Blended Fuel
AEC0024 The Effects of Injection Strategy on a Gasoline Compression 62 Ignition (GCI) Engine
AEC0025 Numerical Analysis on the Mixture Formation Process up to Auto- 63 Ignition of an Ethanol Spray
AEC0026 Development of Exhaust device utilizing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell to 64 collect electricity from exhaust gas and reduce emission
AME: Automotive, Aerospace and Marine Engineering
AME0001 Design and testing of wing assembly function for 65 a small unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft
AME0002 Study on Effectiveness of Frontal Crash Standards for Passenger 66 Bus using Finite Element Analysis
AME0003 Influence of Shock Absorber Installation Angle 67 to Vibration Behavior of Automotive Vehicle
27 Page
AME0004 Design of Thin-walled Impact Absorbers with Buckling Initiator 68
AME0005 Structural Wing Sizing in Preliminary Aircraft Design 69
AME0006 The Effect of Mobile Air Conditioning System on Fuel Economy 70 with New European Driving Cycle in Hot Climate of a Sub- compact Car
AME0007 High Altitude Platform (HAP): Feasibility Studies in Thailand 71
AME0008 Impact of Biodiesel Contamination on Engine Wear using 72 Four-ball Wear Tester and Laser Particle Size Analyzer
AME0009 Problems and Result in Torsional Vibration Measuring and 73 Analyzing on Marine Diesel Engine Propulsion
AME0010 An Experimental Study of Calibration Algorithms for Five-Hole 74 Pressure Probes
AME0011 Preliminary Design of Lightweight Body of Electric Bus 75 for Thailand
AME0012 A Quick Approach to Correct Range Prediction of 76 A Surface to Surface Rocket Fitted with a Nonstandard Fuze
AME0013 Optimal Design of the Inverted GOE 178 Airfoil Profile Rear 77 Spoiler for Student Formula Competition Car
AME0014 Statistical Analysis Applied to Ni-MH Battery Impedance for 78 Preservation Lifetime Experiment
AME0015 Autonomous Landing for a Quadrotor UAV Using a Visual Input 79
AME0016 Automatically Enhanced UAV Images for Infrastructure 80 Inspection
AME0017 Experimental Study and Analysis of Wing Structures Effect in 81 Flapping Wings
AME0018 Conceptual Design of Fixed Wing-VTOL UAV for AED transport 82
AME0019 Simulation of Multi-cell Thin-walled Structure under Impact 83 Loads with Fracture Damage Mechanism
AME0020 Performance Improvement of Existing Electric Motorcycles in 84 Thailand by Changing Battery from Lead Acid Battery to Li-ion
Battery
28 Page AMM: Applied Mechanics, Materials and Manufacturing
AMM0001 On the Study of Disc Brake Vane Configuration 85 Effected to Brake Squeal Noise
AMM0002 Wear Detection on Twist Drill Cutting Lips using Digital 86 Microscope
AMM0003 The effects of ultrasonic vibration and temperature on in 87 atmosphere solid state bonding of aluminum alloy.
AMM0004 Infrared Thermographic Non-destructive Testing 88 using Laser-scanning Excitation
AMM0005 A New Design and Control System Development of a 89 Combined Heat-Boiling Tank Applied for Natural Dyes Process
AMM0006 An Application of Image Processing Technology 90 in Automatic Crease Recovery Tester
AMM0007 Motion of a Particle on a Plate Rotating with a Constant Speed 91
AMM0008 An Energy Method for Analysis of Belleville Springs 92
AMM0009 Piezoelectrically-induced snap-through buckling in a buckled 93 beam bonded with a segmented actuator
AMM0010 Design and Fabrication of Permanent Magnetic Bearings for Small 94 Wind Turbines
AMM0011 Parallel-axis gear design methodology for minimization of power 95 loss and preliminary study of its effect on vibration characteristics
AMM0012 Observation of Fracture Phenomena in an AZ31 Magnesium Alloy 96 Sheet at Room Temperature
AMM0013 Computation of Interfacial Area and Mean Residence Time of 97 Two-Immiscible-Liquid Mixing in a Spinning Disc Reactor
AMM0014 Quality Assurance in Recording and Processing of 98 Force Calibration Data with Machine Vision Technology
AMM0015 A study on Tolerance Design for Parallel Link Robots 99 based on Mathematical Model
AMM0016 Multiobjective optimization of wind turbine blades – 100 performance evaluation of some optimizers
29 Page
AMM0017 Enhancing hardness and tribological characteristics of amorphous 101 Cr-C films deposited in the baths without and with addition of cations
AMM0018 Feasibility of sensor-feedback phase control to suppress self- 102 excited chatter in cylindrical grinding
AMM0019 The study of melt growth temperature for synthesizing 103 NdEuGd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor
AMM0020 Development of Mechanical Properties of Softwood using 104 Microwave Drying
AMM0021 Development of direct forming of metal type friction material by 105 thermal spraying
AMM0022 The Effect of Material Factors on Bearing Life 106
AMM0023 High Temperature Deformation Behavior of a Newly Developed 107 Mg Alloy Containing Al, Ba and Ca
BME: Biomechanics and Bioengineering
BME0001 Particle Simulation on Human Epidermal Aging -Effect of Basal 108 Layer and Cell Division Rate-
BME0002 3D Particle Simulation of Liver Cell Proliferation with 109 Angiogenesis -Whole Hepatic Lobule Formation-
BME0003 Design and Development of a Robotic System 110 for Lower Limb Rehabilitation
BME0004 Heat Transfer Behavior and Physiological Effects of Living Human 111 Skin under Local Radiative Thermal Stimulation
BME0005 Numerical Simulation of Alveolar Bone Regeneration and 112 Angiogenesis - Trabecular Bone Formation -
BME0006 Plastic-strain induced synthesis of fluorescent hydroxyapatite 113 complex and its biomedical application for antibacterial coating
BME0007 The Pedicle Screw Parameters Inserted Cervical Spine 114 Affect Stress Transfer Parameter (STP)
BME0008 Evaluation of Stress Transfer Parameter from Pedicle Screw 115 Parameters by Artificial Neural Network
30 Page
BME0009 The Stress Distribution on Pedicle Screw Fixation System 116 Inserted Cervical Spine
BME0010 Development of 3-Milling Head CNC Machine for Insole 117 Manufacturing
BME0011 Impacts of cold atmospheric plasma on oleic acid 118
BME0012 The Experimental Study of Lab-on-a-Chips for Sheep Blood 119
BME0013 Plantar Pressure Evaluation using Harris Foot Mat 120
BME0014 Effect of braces’ mini–screw and lever arm position on tooth 121 movement
BME0015 3D Computer Model of Blood flow in the Coronary Artery Bypass 122 Graft with Different Anastomotic angles
BME0016 Using a Musculoskeletal Mathematical Model to Analyze Fatigue 123 of the Muscles in the Lower Limbs during Different Motions
BME0017 CFD Analysis for Aerosol Transport Phenomena During Exhalation 124 Through Nose
BME0018 A study on hemodynamics changes in aorta-pulmonary artery 125 system caused by patent ductus arteriosus
BME0019 Optimization of Injection from IDM Injector into Tissue 126 Simulant by Respond Surface Method
BME0020 Hand Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients (HERSP) 127
CST: Computation and Simulation Techniques
CST0001 Numerical Model of Spherical Storage Tank and Structural 128 Strength Analysis
CST0002 Numerical Investigation of Laser-Induced Thermotherapy 129 in Human Tissue
CST0003 A Computational and Experimental Evaluation of the 130 Performance of a Conical Hollow Shaped Impeller for Pump
CST0004 Riding comfort Simulations and Analysis of forklift equipped with 131 solid tires
31 Page
CST0005 CFD Analysis of Thai-made Axial Flow Low-lift Pump 132
CST0006 Numerical Analysis of Water Infiltration and Heat Transfer in 133 Rectangular Porous Packed Bed
CST0007 Behavior of Impurity in ITER using BALDUR code 134
CST0008 One-dimensional CFD combustion modeling in porous media 135
CST0009 Investigation and Modelling of Energy Dissipation of Bulk 136 Materials in Dustiness Testers using DEM
CST0010 Generalized Conforming Triangular Element for 137 Thermal Bending Analysis of Thin Plate
CST0011 Light Weight Optimisation of Electric Bus Body Structure 138 Using Finite Element Methods
CST0012 Numerical Study of Bonding Model Effect on Stress Distribution 139 in Anchored Refractory
CST0013 Four-bar linkage path generation using meta-heuristics – 140 algorithm comparison
CST0014 A Web Browser-Based Program for Determining the 141 Thermodynamic Properties of Water
CST0015 Transient Natural Convection in an Attic Space above a 142 Rectangular Room
CST0016 Numerical investigation of an influence of square cylinder 143 crossovers on twin bare hulls in close proximity
CST0017 The Effect of Microwave Frequency on Temperature Profiles and 144 Electric Field in a Natural Rubber Glove during Microwave Heating
CST0018 A Comparison of Temperature Increases in the Human Skin from 145 Different Thermal Models
CST0019 Parametric Study of Spot Welding between Li-ion Battery Cells 146 and Sheet Metal Connectors
CST0020 CFD Investigation on Performance of Two-Stage Ejector 147 in the Ejector Refrigeration System
CST0021 Simulation of Heat Transfer in Liver Tissue under Microwave 148
Ablation
32 Page DRC: Dynamics Systems, Robotics and Controls
DRC0001 Slip suppression control for an electric crawler vehicle 149 on an uphill path with a low μ value
DRC0002 Stabilizing Active Vibration Control of Machining Processes Based 150 on Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functionals for Time-Delay Systems
DRC0003 Kinematic analysis of a 3- PRRS Parallel Robot 151
DRC0004 Experimental observation of sideband patterns of gearboxes with 152 different kinds of local fault
DRC0005 Stick-slip friction compensation for vision servo tracking of an 153 automated pipette injection with solenoid valve actuator by sliding mode with adaptive PI tuning
DRC0006 Iterative-Based Optimal-Inverse Feedforward for Output-Tracking 154 of Nonminimum-Phase Systems
DRC0007 Control of Bicycle Leaning with Steering and Mass-Moving 155 Stabilization
DRC0008 Kinematics Analysis and Control Simulation of a 6-DOF Robot Arm 156 for a Service Robot Application
DRC0009 Development of Robot-Assisted Therapy Device for Lower-Limb 157 Rehabilitation
DRC0010 A Modelling Approach for Soft Pectoral Fins of a Carangiform Fish 158 Robot
DRC0011 Study on the effect of driver reaction times to the collision 159 possibility and evasion ability due to the forward collision warning system using driving simulator
DRC0012 Distance Estimation with Car Detection Algorithm for Lane 160 Change Assist System
DRC0013 A Three-finger Robot Hand 161
DRC0014 Synergetic Control for Double Inverted Pendulum on a Cart 162
33 Page EDU: Engineering Education
EDU0001 Implementation of Cooperative Education Projects Utilizing S- 163 BEST for Research and Development Department in Thailand: A Case Study in Building Energy System Industry
EDU0002 Development of Active-safety System for Student who is 164 Learning Machine-tool Practice Employing Simple Brain-Machine- Interface
EDU0003 Instructional Media Using Google Apps for Education in Multi- 165 Sections Engineering Course
EDU0004 Self-Learning Set for Shear Force and Bending Moment 166 Calculation of a Simple Support Beam
EDU0005 Applies Image Processing for Identify Varieties of Rough Rice 167
ETM: Energy Technology and Management
ETM0001 Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Leucaena Leucocepphala in 168 Fluidised-bed Reactor with In-situ and Ex-situ Vapors Upgrading
ETM0002 Energy saving Measures for Air Compressor: 169 A Case study for Plastic Bottle Manufacturer
ETM0003 Experimental study of removal the humidity from humid gas 170 by VSA process in a laboratory scale
ETM0004 Carbon Footprint of Organic Black Tea Production 171 from Pu Muen Community Enterprise in Chiang Mai
ETM0005 Fundamental Study of the Green Roof Building Air-conditioning 172 System using a Reduction Model Apparatus
ETM0006 Using Superheated Steam Dryer to Improve Cogeneration in 173 Sugar Factory
ETM0007 Effect of Hexagon Land Size in Honeycomb Flow Channel of a 174 Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
ETM0008 Turbulent heat transfer and pressure loss in 175 a square-duct heat exchanger with inclined-baffle inserts
ETM0009 Performance assessment in a heat exchanger tube fitted 176 with perforated-rectangular-winglet tape inserts
34 Page
ETM0010 Smart Building Energy Solutions Technologies – Possible 177 Development and Limitations in Thailand Supermarkets
ETM0011 Data Fusion Technique for Leveraging Reliability of Supermarket 178 Field Data
ETM0012 Performance Study of Four – Bars Linkage Continuously 179 Adjustable Blade Angle Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
ETM0013 Development of a New Nomograph for Dry-Cooling Towers 180
ETM0014 Feasible Tool Development for Fault Detection and Diagnosis 181 on Chiller Operations in Thailand
ETM0015 A Design Improvement for Suitable Gas Inlet and Outlet of 182 a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with a Hybrid Serpentine- Interdigitated Flow Field
ETM0016 Thermal Comfort Investigations and Evaluation of 183 Air-Conditioning Operations for Lecture Rooms in Tropical Climate Countries
ETM0017 Experiments and analysis of propagation front 184 under biomass stratified downdraft gasification
MSN: Micro System and Nanotechnology
MSN0001 Micro-Needle with Polygonal Structure of Micro-Channel for 185 Stress and Blood or Drug Flow Optimization
MSN0002 Tool Wear Characteristic of Near-Dry Cutting with High Hardness 186 Materials
MSN0003 Influence of Scratch Marks on Undeformed Chip Thickness 187 with a Straight Diamond Tool
MSN0004 Influence of Surface Roughness to Tool Run-out with Ball Endmill 188
MSN0005 Design and Validation of Multiple Dilution Microfluidic Chip for 189 a Human Serum Preparation
MSN0006 The effects of pulse-current electrodeposition of nickel on 190 a surface roughness and current efficiency
MSN0007 Characterization of Microfluidic chips Fabricated by a low-cost 191 Technique using vinyl cutter
35 Page
MSN0008 Development of Photopolymerized Polyethylene Glycol 192 Diacrylate Micro-tubes for Glaucoma Treatment
MSN0009 Large Scale Fabrication of Self-Powered Sensor Array Using Low- 193 Cost Roll-to-Roll UV Embossing
POS: Poster Session
POS0001 Study in Three Models of Atmosheric Pressure Plasma Jet 194
POS0002 Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Commercial 195 Pure Titanium Processed by Multi-directional Forging
POS0003 Development of a Four Wheeled Reconfigurable Mobile Robot 196 and Effects of Driving Wheel Sideslips on Grassy Slopes
POS0004 Effect of Humidified Hot Air on Change of Free Fatty Acid Content 197 of Brown Rice during Storage
POS0005 Effect of Drying Conditions on Energy Consumption of Para 198 Rubber Sheet Drying
POS0006 Guided Waves Response to the Defect in Wire Cables under 199 Tensile Force
POS0007 Evaluation of Fracture Process of a Polymer Gel 200 Using a Non-contact Acoustic Emission Method
POS0008 Design of Cement Articulating Spacer Silicone Mold from Rapid 201 Prototype Model
POS0009 The Strain Distribution around Pin-track hole on Varus Femur of 202 The Elderly under Dynamic Loading Conditions
POS0010 Improvement of defect detectability in pulse phase 203 thermographic non-destructive inspection using data processing techniques
POS0011 The Strain Distribution on Femoral Bone Inserted Hip Prosthesis 204 and Intramedullay Nail under Dynamic Loading Condition
POS0012 The Strain Distribution on Varus Knee Corrected by Close 205 Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Technique versus Total Knee Replacement
36 Page
POS0013 Design and Experiments of the Seed Feeder Used in a Sweet 206 Pepper Seed Sorting Machine
POS0014 Integration of Information Literacy Skills with 207 Mechanical Vibration Subject
POS0015 The Increase in the Quantity of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 208 (GABA) by using Atmospheric Plasma
TSF: Thermal System and Fluid Mechanics
TSF0001 Empirical models for predicting longitudinal contaminated into 209 One-Dimensional (1-D) steady flow of pipe network system
TSF0002 An experimental study of two-phase air-water flow patterns in 210 rectangular micro-channels
TSF0003 An experimental study on the thermal condition for a person 211 sitting near a glass window with a vertical venetian blind installed
TSF0004 Experimental Investigation of Water Flow Movement Induced by 212 Ultrasonic Waves
TSF0005 Effects of CH4 and CO2 on Intrinsic Instability of 213 Synthetic Thai Natural Gas Flames
TSF0006 Comparison Study on Fabric Duct System Design Method 214
TSF0007 Two-phase flow boiling of R-134a refrigerant in a vertical upward 215 circular mini-channel
TSF0008 Structural Change in Surfactant Solutions in Large Amplitude 216 Oscillation Shear Flow
TSF0009 The Theoretical Analysis and Selection of Suitable Refrigerants 217 Working in The Combined Ejector-Vapour Compression System
TSF0010 Development of Experimental Techniques to Determine 218 Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients in Heat Exchanger Devices
TSF0011 Influence of Superheated Steam Temperature in Steam 219 Circulation type Degreasing Systems on Improved Degreasing of Oily Metal Waste
TSF0012 Heat Transfer Performance and Friction Loss of a Concentric Tube 220 Heat Exchanger Using Dimple Tube, Wired Coil and Rings
37 Page
TSF0013 The Effects of Detached Baffles that Impacts Heat Transfer and 221 Friction Behaviors within parallel plates
TSF0014 Characteristics of Heat Transfer in Parallel Plates with Installed 222 Transversal Twisted Tapes
TSF0015 On Airfoil Shape at Reynolds Number of about 100 – 1000 223
TSF0016 Structures, Jet-and-Crossflow Interactions, and Cross-Plane 224 Entrainment Mechanisms of Jet and Controlled Jet in Crossflow
TSF0017 Scaling-Power Law Correlations for Collapsing the Effects of 225 the Effective Velocity Ratio on Jet-Fluid Mixture Trajectory, Circulation, and Entrainment of Jets in Crossflow
TSF0018 Vortex Structure around a Heaving Elastic Airfoil in Separation 226 Region
TSF0019 Enhancement of Flow Insulation System by Stainless Steel Fibrous 227 Material
TSF0020 Effect of location of a frozen multi-component food on heating 228 pattern in domestic microwave oven
TSF0021 The effects of Protrusion-to-protrusion Spacing on Flow and Heat 229 Transfer Characteristics on the Internal Surface of Wind Tunnel Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
TSF0022 The Study on Efficiency Improvement of Air Conditioning System 230 by Using Condensate Water
TSF0023 Effect of Tilt Angle of Cone-Shaped Rotating Disk and Height of 231 Medium on Shear Stress Distribution in a Cell Culture Plate
TSF0024 Convective Flow and Distribution of Concentration in Porous 232 Media Subjected to Electromagnetic Field (Computation Based on Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Models)
TSF0025 Visualisation of Diverse Flows between Co-Rotating Disks in 233 Casing by Numerical Analysis and Experiment
TSF0026 Effect of Computational Box Sizes on Opposition Control at 234 Moderate-High Friction Reynolds Number Turbulent Channel of Reτ = 934
38 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0001 Comparison of Synthetic Biogas Combustion affected to Cellular Premixed Flames on Flat burner
A. Kaewpradap*, T. Pimtawong and S. Jugjai
Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], (662) 4709267, (662) 4709111
Abstract This study focused on the comparison of synthetic biogas combustion affected to cellular premixed flames on flat burner. As the variation of main composition of biogas such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), the biogas produced from agricultural waste (57.93:45.07), food waste (73.39:26.61) and cow dung (85.13:14.87) were used to investigate for this study. Moreover, the lean combustion system was experimented on McKenna flat burner to reduce the greenhouse gases. The synthetic biogas on lean combustion system brought about the unstable behavior such as cellular flames due to intrinsic instability. The variation of equivalence ratio (0.65-1.0) and firing rate with 45 L/min of mixture flow rates were studied. Then the cell size, light emission detected by photodiode, power spectrum density analyzed by Fast Fourier and attractor constructed by Taken’s embedding theorem, were analyzed. The results showed the cellular flame from agricultural waste, food waste and cow dung were found between Φ=0.75-1.00, Φ =0.70-0.90 and Φ =0.65-0.80, respectively. In addition, the blown off flames were also observed at Φ < 0.75, Φ < 0.70 and Φ < 0.65 for agricultural waste, food waste and cow dung, respectively. As the decrease of equivalence ratio, the firing rate become lower, the reconstructed attractor was larger owing to diffusive- thermal instability. The results showed the variation of synthetic biogas of equivalence ratio and firing rate affected to cellular flames owing to the intrinsic instability. Moreover, it was concluded that small cell size, higher light emission and higher shaft peak frequency including narrow unstable range obtained in the combustion of biogas produced from cow dung, was more stable compared to biogas from agricultural waste and food waste sources.
Keywords: Cellular premixed flame, Synthetic biogas, Diffusive-thermal instability, Flat burner
39 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0002 Effects of CH4 and CO2 on Intrinsic Instability of Synthetic Thai Natural Gas Flames
A. Kaewpradap* and S. Jugjai
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], (662) 4709267, (662) 4709111
Abstract Natural Gas (NG) is widely applied in many sectors of Thailand such as industrial and transportation sectors. There are many sources of NG in Thailand which were categorized locally as eastern and western sources. The main components of NG are 84.1% of methane (CH4), 15.9% of Carbon dioxide (CO2) and 76.0% of CH4, 24.0% of CO2, for eastern and western sources, respectively. As the difference of NG composition between two main sources, this study focused on the effects of CH4 and CO2 on synthetic Thai NG flames. In order to investigate the effects of CH4 and CO2, the lean combustion was applied to observe the change of cellular premixed Thai synthetic NG flames due to reduction of emission. The variation of CH4 was varied between 74.4-76.6% and 80.0-83.7% for western and eastern NG sources, respectively. The variation of CO2 was varied between 19.5-37.7% and 15.9-36.0% for western and eastern NG sources, respectively. These variations affected to sharp peak frequency, cell size and attractor of cellular flames. For the same CH4 composition, greater cell size was obtained from western NG source compared with eastern NG source. Moreover, the 1% decrease of CH4 composition affected to 1.4% and 1.5% increase of cell size from eastern and western NG sources, respectively. As the same CO2 composition, the greater cell size was obtained from western NG source compared with eastern NG source. Moreover, the 10.0% increase of CO2 composition affected to increase of cell size about 59.9% and 35.9% for eastern and western NG source, respectively. The results showed decrease of CH4 and increase of CO2 induced higher sharp peak frequency, greater cell size and attractor due to higher instability intensity. At same CH4 composition, more stable flame was obtained from eastern NG source compared to western NG source, and it had no effect difference on decreasing of CH4 for both sources. At same CO2 composition, more unstable flame was observed from eastern NG source compared to western NG source, and it had more effects on decreasing of CO2 for eastern NG sources.
Keywords: Cellular flame, CH4, CO2, Synthetic Natural Gas, Diffusive-thermal instability, Cell size, Attractor
40 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0003 Effects of Diesel Injection Timing on Dual Fuel Diesel Engine with DME Port-Injection
Sak SITTICHOMPOO1,3, Pomprab SRIUMPUNPUK2,3, and Kampanart THEINNOI1,3,*
1 Department of Power Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok 2 Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology (MAet), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus) 3Research Centre for Combustion and Alternative Energy (CTAE), Science and Technology Research Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: 025 552 000 ext.6244
Abstract The objective of this experimental study is to explore the possibility to optimize diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using DME addition (Port-injection) to obtain the merit of HCCI operation. Different diesel injection timing of 16 BTDC (Standard), 18 BTDC (Advanced 2 oCA), 15 BTDC (Retarded 1 oCA) and 14 BTDC (Retarded 2 oCA) of standard injection timing were investigated. DME fuel was injected in the intake manifold at 10%, 20% and 30% by mass of diesel fuel replaced. The engine test was carried out under constant engine speed (1500 rpm). The results found that using 10% DME with -2 oCA for diesel injection timing was the optimal condition for this experiment. The low DME concentration addition are required retard ignition for simultaneous reduction of NOx-Soot while HC was increased at acceptable level. The result at optimal condition also illustrated a satisfied thermal efficiency that allow researchers to develop better understanding about HCCI operation using DME as secondary fuel by port-injection approach. Keywords: Di-Methyl Ether (DME), Dual Fuel Operation, Port-Injection, Alternative Fuel
41 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0004 Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine using Blend of lrvingia Malayana Biodiesel and Cassava Ethanol
Kitti Nilpueng1,*, Sak Sittichompoo1, Wattanachai Pathomsiriwong 2 Pradub Reanprayoon2, and Phattharaporn Kaewkool 2
1Research Centre for Combustion Technology and Alternative Energy (CTAE), Department of Power Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand. 2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, 186 Surin-Prasart Road, Surin 32000, Thailand. * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract This paper investigated the properties of blend of lrvingia Malayana Biodiesel and ethanol and the effect on performance and black smoke of diesel engine. Comparison between diesel, biodiesel, and blend of biodiesel and diesel were also presented. A single cylinder Kubota diesel engine RT- 100 was tested at 1000-1400 rpm and 50% of maximum engine load. The biodiesel and ethanol were blended at ratio of 90:10 (BE10), 80:20 (BE20), and 70:30 (BE30) by volume. Properties of blend, including density, viscosity and the heating value were measured. The experimental results showed that the density and viscosity of the blend was increased, but the heating value was reduced when compared with pure diesel fuel. Brake thermal efficiency of diesel engine operated on blend between biodiesel and ethanol was slightly decreased. However, black smoke as the result from using the proposed blends were reduced when comparing with biodiesel and diesel oil. Keywords: Renewable energy; Heating value; Fuel consumption; Brake Thermal efficiency.
42 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0005 Self-aspirating Annular Porous Medium Burner (SAPMB) with Adjustable Flame Stabilizer
U. Makmool1’*, A. Saisawan2, N. Wangjaicheun2, S. Cheewinvipas2, A. Kaewpradap2, S. Jugjai2
1 Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkuntien) 49 Moo 8 Thakham, Bangkuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand 2Combustion and Engine Research Laboratory (CERL), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Kru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected], Tel: (662) 470 7429-30, Fax: (662) 470 7429
Abstract The aim of this research is to develop a self-aspirating annular porous medium burner (SAPMB) with an adjustable flame stabilizer (FS). The SAPMB is formed by an annular packed bed of 15 mm in diameter alumina spheres. FS is a double perforated plate installed to SAPMB in order to control stabilized location of combustion in the annular packed bed by varying an opening area (OA) allowing for incoming of fuel/air mixture. This design is proposed to be used in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), and it has been developed from the KB-10 conventional burner (CB), which has relatively low thermal efficiency of about 35%. A concept of heat recirculation combustion and radiation heat transfer enhancement by using porous medium technology is introduced. Effect of OA and firing rate (FR) on temperature and flame location in the SAPMB are investigated. It was found that varying OA affects stabilized location and flame temperature. Increasing OA flame moves upstream and the temperature increases, conversely, decreasing OA flame moves downstream and the temperature decreases. Primary equivalence ratio () is a dominant parameter which is estimated by using empirical equations. An increase in OA results in an increase in primary air entrainment, thus decreases. decreases from 11 to 3.7 when increasing OA from 5% to 100%. FR decreases increase at the given OA. It is shown that flame blow off can be avoided by increasing OA, and vice versa. Thus, a broad range of stable flame can be achieved by FS installation to SAPMB.
Keywords: Self-aspirating burner; annular porous medium burner; porous medium; heat recirculation; flame stabilizer.
43 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0006 Reliability Improvement and Optimization of Condensing Porous Heat Exchanger (CPHE) integrated with Porous Medium Burner (PMB)
U. Makmool1’*, N. Pinta2, P. Homhuan2, J. Kittichaiyanan2, A. Kaewpradap2, S. Jugjai2
1 Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's Uinversity of Technology Thonburi (Bangkuntien) 49 Moo 8 Thakham, Bangkuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand 2Combustion and Engine Research Laboratory (CERL), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Kru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected], Tel: (662) 470 7429-30, Fax: (662) 470 7429
Abstract Improvement of porous medium burner (PMB) reliability and optimization of condensing porous heat exchanger (CPHE) performance were carried out. To improve durability and reliability of the PMB, combustion air was supplied laterally to cool down the burner head (porous burner, PB) in order to avoid thermal decomposition of fuel. Simultaneously, both air and fuel were preheated prior to combust inside the combustor (porous emitter, PE). The exit port of PMB was webbed with the ceramic sticks which have relatively high thermal resistance. The CPHE is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, in which, the alumina balls with diameter of 15 mm. were fully filled inside the shell. Parametric study was carried out to optimize performance of the CPHE, which works by integrated with the PMB. Firing rate (FR) was varied from 5 kW to 20 kW of Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Flame stability limit was also investigated by varying fuel equivalence ratio (), emission of CO and NOx were measured. It was found that flame ability limit extended to relatively leaner condition compared to the conventional combustion limit of LPG. The CPHE integrated with PMB can be operated at varied from 0.3 to 0.69 without thermal decomposition of fuel, even though the maximum temperature is as high as 1,650 OC. The emissions of CO and NOx are lower than 100 ppm at 0% O2 excess condition. Advantage of the porous media filled inside the heat exchanger is not only used to enhance heat transfer but also help enhance combustion due to heat recirculation within the packed of alumina ball. Therefore, near zero emission of CO was observed for wide range of operation. The optimum condition was achieved at FR of 15 kW and of 0.5, in which, the outlet temperature of water at mass flow rate of 4.9 LPM. is 61 OC. The corresponding thermal efficiency and effectiveness are 65.79% and 0.98, respectively. Condensation of water vapor in the products can be achieved, while the exit temperature of the exhaust was lower than 50 OC. Keywords: Porous medium burner; condensing heat exchanger; porous heat exchanger; air cooling system.
44 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0007 Preparation of Biocoke from Rubberwood Sawdust by Using Used Coffee Ground as a Binder
Jintawat Chaichanawong1,*, and Teeraphon Ngamphukhiao2
1 Advanced Material Processing Research Lab, Master Program in Engineering Technology, 1771/1 Pattanakarn Road, Suanluang, Bangkok 10250, Thailand 2 Automotive Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, 1771/1 Pattanakarn Road, Suanluang, Bangkok 10250, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.: +66-2763-2600 ext. 2927, Fax: +66-2763-2600 ext. 2900
Abstract Biocoke is a solid fuel produced from bio-residues such as agricultural residues, woodchips, sawdust. Biocoke is expected to use as a replacement for coal coke to reduce CO2 and pollution gases emission. Properties of biocoke depend on various factors such as forming conditions, type of raw material and binder, moisture content of raw material. Recently, Thailand has become one of the world leader for natural rubber production. Apart from natural rubber, rubber tree produces a large quantity of biomass. In addition, rubberwood has been widely used as a raw material for furniture industry. Therefore, rubberwood sawdust is one of the main waste generated from furniture industry. In this study, biocoke was prepared from rubberwood sawdust by using used coffee ground as a binder. The effect of binder and forming conditions on properties of the prepared biocokes such as bulk density and calorific value were investigated and reported. Keywords: Biomass, Solid Fuel, Biocoke, Rubberwood Sawdust, Alternative Energy.
45 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0008 Investigation of Reflective Effect on a Solar Power Collector
Paveena Meksuksai1, Pongnarin Savangvong1, Sutapat Kwankaomeng1*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Rd., Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand * Corresponding Author: Tel: +66-2329-8351, fax: +66-2329-8352, E-mail address: [email protected]
Abstract This paper presents design and investigation on reflective surfaces of a solar concentrated dish. The parabolic dish is controlled by tracking system to move and adjust the dish precisely for optimal solar power concentration. The parabolic dish surface should be an excellent reflector directing sun beam to concentrate as a spot of power aggregation at the focal point when the dish is perpendicular to the sun. The proposed solar collector has rim diameter, focal point, and surface area of 1.5 m, 0.57 m and 1.95 m², respectively. In order to evaluate reflective effect on solar collective performance, the analysis and experiment were conducted by using the reflective materials including acrylic mirror, PET aluminum and aluminum foil were attached neatly on the satellite dish. The temperature variation on the focal point were instrumented and recorded during sun shine period. The maximum temperature at the focal point of the acrylic mirror dish was obtained in the range of 700-800 ºC. Keywords: solar, collector, reflective
46 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0009
Effect of Primary to Secondary Air Ratio on Combustion Performance for Pulverized Biomass Burner in Industrial Boiler
Narasad Phikun-ngoen1, Jarruwat Charoensuk1*, Monton Jhaikuson1, Niwat Suksam1, and Nuthvipa Jayranaiwachira1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand * Corresponding Author: Tel.: +66 2 3298350; fax: +66 3298352; E-mail address: [email protected] (J.Charoensuk)
Abstract This research aims to investigate the factor of primary to secondary air ratio that influences the temperature in pre-chamber of 1 MW pulverized biomass burner. The air system in pulverized biomass burner is separated into three parts: primary, secondary and tertiary air. The experiment was performed as base case at the primary to secondary air ratio of 0.1538 and used for validation of the simulation. On simulation, swirl blades angle were fixed at 100 degrees, while the primary and secondary air flow rate were adjusted leading to the mass ratio variation. The comparison on each case was made on axial temperature. Among five cases of mass ratio (0.0714, 0.0769, 0.1250, 0.1333 and 0.1429), it was shown that the case for operation was found at the mass ratio of 0.1333. At this ratio, the maximum temperature and position were 1505.47 °C and 1.138 m, respectively, while the base case was 1415.05 °C and 1.404 m. Keywords: Biomass Burner; Simulation; Primary Air; Secondary Air.
47 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0010 Design of a Small Boiler for Hothouse by Utilization of Wasted Bamboo
Ning Zhu1*, YanBo Cai2 , MingChi Kuo2 and Hanxing Chen2 Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi,4378555, Japan Graduate School of Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi,4378555, Japan * Ning Zhu: [email protected], Tel:+81-538-450232, Fax: :+81-538-450120
Abstract Bamboo grows so fast in Shizuoka, Japan and bamboo spreading has caused some problems of field decrease and so on. It is necessary to make full use of the wasted bamboo. Usually, bamboo can be used as material for daily life. Recently, from the point view of bio-resources, bamboo is regarded as the energy crop which can be used for gasification or direct combustion. In this paper, we try to design a small boiler to supply hot water for hothouses based on using wasted bamboo. Firstly, the pyrolytic property of bamboo was investigated and activation energy was calculated by using Differential thermal analysis (TDA). Secondly, the combustion characteristics of bamboo such as LHV and theoretical amount of air(TAA) and so on were calculated. Thirdly, a hothouse model was designed by using Solidworks. Finally with the aid of using thermal analysis tool offered by Solidworks the consumption quantity of bamboo related to the outside air temperature was obtained. Keywords: Wasted bamboo, Hothouse, Combustion, Pyrolytic property and Activation energy
48 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0011 Upgrading of Bio-oil obtained from Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using a Vacuum Distillation Method
Suntorn Suttibak1,*
1 Department of Mechanical Technology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, 41000, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: 66-42-211-040, Fax Number: 66-42-221-978
Abstract This paper reports on a study of upgrading of bio-oil obtained from a fast pyrolysis of biomass using a vacuum distillation method. In this work, a fast pyrolysis unit with a fluidized-bed reactor was operated with a feed rate 300 g/hr. This fast pyrolysis experiment was conducted at a reaction temperature of 425C using sugarcane leaves and tops with particle sizes of 0.250-0.500 mm. The experimental distillation was completed at a temperature of 80C and using a 200 ml bio-oil sample. The results showed distillation yields of 57.0 wt.% (organic phase) from vacuum distillation of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. The basic properties of pyrolysis oil products were determined. The bio-oils produced by pyrolysis of sugarcane leaves and tops had improved properties in terms of carbon, oxygen and water content, pH value and heating value after distillation. Keywords: Upgrading, Fast pyrolysis, Sugarcane leaves and tops, Vacuum distillation, Fluidized-bed reactor
49 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0012 Effect of Porous Materials on Unconfined Porous Burner Performance
Ponepen Laphirattanakul1,*, Jarruwat Charoensuk1, Withada Jedsadaratanachai1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand, 10520 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: +6680-900-8880
Abstract
The performance assessment on different porous materials, SiC and Al2O3, applied on unconfined LPG porous burner was presented in this work. Unlike previous literatures, our porous domain was studied without insulated wrapping so that the heat transfer characteristics was different. Three different heat capacities with fully premixed were performed by maintaining at 0.7 of equivalence ratio. Axial distribution of flue gas temperature measuring was separated into C (X/D=0) and R (X/D=2.6) axes to investigate heat transfer characteristics in combustion chamber. Emission was also considered as combustion performance. On both materials, the axial distribution of temperature along symmetry axis (C) was less uniform than those on surrounding axis (R). This was because of two effects of heat transfer mode, convection and radiation, beyond the burner. Al2O3 burner gave higher axial temperature of 20% and 8% increment beyond burner axis and surrounding, respectively, than those on SiC burner. It corresponded to the greater degree of local extinction observed in SiC matrix. The partially burnt product was then appeared in form of CO which was relatively high in case of SiC. High level of NOx was measured. Keywords: Porous burner, Combustion, Porous material, Gas burner
50 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0013 Study on Co-Combustion of Pelletized and Moisturized Rice Husks in a Cone-Shaped Fluidized-Bed Combustor Using Fuel Staging for Reducing NOx Emissions: Optimization of Operating Variables
Pichet Ninduangdee1,* and Vladimir I. Kuprianov2
1 Division of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Phetchaburi, 76000, Thailand 2 School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +668 3 364 2438, Fax: +663 2 405 502
Abstract This work was aimed at assessing the potential of fuel staging for reducing NOx in a fluidized-bed combustor with conventional (bottom) air injection when co-firing rice husk pellets (as a base fuel) and moisturized rice husk
(secondary fuel). The experiments were conducted at a fixed heat input to the reactor, 200 kWth, while ranging the energy fraction of the secondary fuel in the total fuel supply (EF2) from 0 to 0.25, with excess air (EA) of 20% to 80% for each co-firing option. In a test run under fixed operating conditions, temperature and gas concentrations (O2, CO, CxHy as CH4, and NOx as NO) were recorded along the combustor height, as well as at stack. The findings revealed important effects of EF2 and EA on combustion and emission characteristics of the combustor. An optimization analysis was performed to determine optimal values of EF2 and EA, leading to the minimal emission costs of the reactor. The best combustion and emission performance of the combustor is achievable when co-firing the pelletized and moisturized rice husks at EF2 0.15 and EA 40%. With these optimal operating parameters, the combustor can be operated with high (99%) combustion efficiency, while reducing the NOx emissions by 40%, as compared to firing the base fuel on its own, and controlling the CO and CxHy emissions at relatively low levels. Keywords: Rice husks, fluidized-bed combustor, co-firing, fuel staging, NOx reduction.
51 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0014
Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine using Partially Hydrogenated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (H-FAME)
Manida Tongroon1,*, Mongkon Kananont1, Jirasak Aunchaisri1, Amornpoth Suebwong1, and Nuwong Chollacoop1
1 Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials for Energy Research Unit, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. 025646500, Fax Number. 025646403
Abstract In the current study, high quality biodiesel called H-FAME has been introduced in order to increase its percentage in the current biodiesel blends which limited at only 7 %. Derived from palm fatty acid methyl ester, H-FAME from partial hydrogenation process is superior oxidation and thermal stability which is the major drawback of the current biodiesel. The specifications of H-FAME meet all biodiesel standards such as EU and US. The potential of H-FAME has been investigated by engine testing. A single cylinder diesel engine was used in the experiment. Engine performance and exhaust emissions of H- FAME and its blends were measured and compared with pure diesel. In addition, combustion characteristic was studied by analyzing in-cylinder pressure data. At high speed, engine torque and power decreased but no effect was observed at other speeds when using biodiesel. Due to lower heating value, increasing percentage of H-FAME in the blends increased the fuel consumption relative to pure diesel. H- FAME blends could decrease exhaust emissions (THC, CO and NOX) in particular smoke. However, the advantage to reduce the exhaust gases was diminished with the pure biodiesel. With 20% or higher of H- FAME concentration, the pilot combustion happened and premixed combustions were delayed. Keywords: H-FAME, Biodiesel, Oxidation stability.
52 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0015
A Comparison of Combustion and Emissions of a Diesel Engine using Jatropha and Palm H-FAME Fuels
Manida Tongroon1,*, Jirasak Aunchaisri1, Amornpoth Suebwong1, Mongkon Kananont1, and Nuwong Chollacoop1
1 Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials for Energy Research Unit, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. 025646500, Fax Number. 025646403
Abstract The effects of biodiesel feedstocks including jatropha and palm on engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics were investigated in the current study. Derived from palm and jatropha Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), high quality biodiesel from partial hydrogenation process were analyzed their properties and effects in a single cylinder diesel engine. Ten percent of H-FAME (B10) was mixed with petro diesel and applied in the engine. Also, neat diesel was used for the reference. The specifications of both H-FAME meet all biodiesel standard including EU and US. Both H-FAME showed higher stability than those of corresponding FAME due to the reduction of the number of double bone. Palm H-FAME yielded better oxidation stability than jatropha. Heating values are nearly the same but lower than diesel fuel. There was no significant effects of biodiesel feed stock on engine performance but obviously impact on exhaust emissions. Palm biodiesel could decrease NOX emissions but jatropha resulted in the opposite trend. Due to lower heating value, specific fuel consumption slightly increased. With only 10 % of H-FAME, combustion characteristics were nearly the same with different biodiesel. Keywords: H-FAME, Biodiesel, Oxidation stability, Jatropha, Palm.
53 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0016 A modified analytical model for understanding the behaviour of slag flow inside the entrained flow gasifier
Thananan Chanchanayothin1, Chatchawan Chichana1, Alexander Y. Ilyushechkin 2, and San Shwe Hla2,*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Rd., Muang District, Chiang Mai, THAILAND 50200 2 CSIRO Energy, PO Box 883, Pullenvale, QLD 4069, AUSTRALIA
* Corresponding Author: [email protected], Phone: +61 7 3327 4125, Fax: +61 7 3327 4455
Abstract High temperature entrained flow gasification is a widely-used technology for the production of chemicals and fertilizers, and has been shown to generate electricity with reduced CO2 emissions compared with traditional technologies using Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). The understanding of the behavior of slag flow along the inner wall of entrained-flow gasifier is the most critical decision-making factor for successful operation. The behaviour of slag flow inside the gasifier can be predicted numerically by solving momentum, mass and energy balance equations simultaneously with temperature-dependent slag viscosity information. However, as gasifier models are usually solved using complex numerical methods, it is often impractical and time consuming to solve another set of numerical equations within a numerical model. Therefore, several analytical models for slag flow have been previously proposed. In this study, previously-developed slag flow models were reviewed and combined in order to apply advantages from those models as well as to reduce the impact of their limitations. Simulations were conducted applying the geometry of a 5MWth pilot-scale gasifier under realistic operating conditions and also using temperature dependent thermophysical and transport properties for gases and slags from two Australian coals. The model can estimate both solid and liquid slag layer thickness along the wall of the gasifier and is able to calculate the radial profile of temperatures and velocities of liquid slag. More importantly, it can predict the surface temperatures of liquid slag which is essential information required for gasifier model to calculate the heat losses from gases and solids to reactor walls. The simulation results showed that this analytical model can predict the slag behaviour closely to those predicted by a numerical method under several operating conditions regardless of whether the local gas temperature is greater or smaller than the critical viscosity temperature (Tcv) of slags.
Keywords: Entrained-flow gasification; Slag-flow model; Analytical method; Critical viscosity temperature;
54 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0017 Surrounding Gas Pressure and Oxygen Concentration Dependence of the Spray Auto-ignition Phenomenon for Ethanol-Diethyl Ether Blended Fuels
Koji UCHIDA1 and Hironori SAITOH1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto City, 860-0082, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-96-326-3824, +81-96-323-1351
Abstract This study deals with the development of controlled-ignition technology for high performance compression ignition alcohol engines. The objective of this study is quantitative evaluation of main factors that influence auto-ignition of an alcohol spray. The quantitative evaluation that can be finally as the database in a form of 3D-mapping of ignition delay is now in progress. When the mapping is completed by a number of systematic experiments, engine control logic is able to be established and high performance alcohol engines are developed. This is the goal of our study. In order to realize such engines flexible for any kinds of bio-fuels including alcohols with poor auto-ignition quality, establishment of ignition-control technology is most important. In the mixture formation process, two kinds of factors that govern auto-ignition phenomenon of an alcohol spray have to be considered. One can be called “internal factor” related to fuel properties. The other can be called “external factor” corresponding to the surrounding gas conditions such as pressure, temperature and oxygen concentration. This paper mainly focuses on the effect of oxygen content of entrained gas as one of the external factors on auto-ignition. Spray mixture formation up to auto-ignition of ED (Ethanol-Diethyl ether) blended fuels in a large constant volume electrical heating chamber was visualized by shadowgraph method and images were recorded with a high-speed camera (8213 fps). In the experiments, oxygen concentration was varied from 17% to 25% with its interval of 2% and two cases of 30%, 35% under the constant temperature condition of 800K. Surrounding gas pressure 2.0, 2.5MPa and 2.8MPa cases were also examined for all the oxygen content conditions. The results showed that ignition delay was depended on surrounding gas pressure and oxygen concentration. However, ED blend fuels showed small dependence of O2 content on ignition delay when its value was higher than 30%. In further O2 rich condition of 35%, diffusion combustion was observed when ignition position was shifted to upstream region of a spray with increasing of oxygen content for diethyl ether rich ED blended fuels.
Keywords: Auto-ignition, Mixture formation, Alcohol spray, CI engine, O2 concentration
55 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0018 Effect of Palm Methyl Ester Blends Diesel on Small CI Engine Particulate Matter Quantity and Nanostructure
Jiramed Boonsakda1, Preechar Karin1, Komkla Siricholathum1, Katsunori Hanamura2 and Nuwong Chollacoop3
1 International College, King Mongkut’s Institute of technology Ladkrabang 2 Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 3 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency * Corresponding Author: [email protected], (+66)835555301
Abstract Compression Ignition (CI) Engine is popularly used in vehicles due to high thermal efficiency. However CI engine has a particulate matter (PM) problem which palm methyl ester could be one of possible solution to solve this problem. This research focuses on measuring the quantity, size, size distribution and nanostructure of particulate matter in single cylinder CI engine. Particulate matter quantity was collected by opacity smoke meter then captured the nanostructure image by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fuels chosen were commercial diesel (B7), blends of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of biodiesel by volume. For quantity and nanostructure analysis, five engine speed modes which consist of 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200 and 2400 rpm were applied on this research. At each engine speed, engine torque were varied with unload, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of maximum torque. For particulate matter size and size distribution measured by using laser diffraction technique with same fuel types at 80% load and 2400 rpm. The experimental results indicated that particulate matter quantity decreased when the concentration of biodiesel was increased in blend due to the impact of effective oxygen to more completely combustion. The lowest amount of particulate matter was recognized at 1800- 2000 rpm caused by the best engine specific fuel consumption. In addition, when operating at high engine speed, particulate matter was increase because of shorter oxidation time in combustion period. The results of this research might be used as basic information for design and development of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) configuration for biodiesel blends diesel CI engines. Keywords: Biodiesel, Biofuel, Particulate matters, Soot, Emission
56 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0019 Numerical Simulation on Combustion Characteristics of a Pulverized Biomass Swirl Burner
Niwat Suksam, Chinnapat Turakarn, and Jarruwat Charoensuk*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail [email protected], Tel. 0 2329 8350-1, Fax: 0 2329 8352
Abstract Numerical simulation of pulverized biomass combustion in a laboratory swirl burner was carried out aiming to investigate the effect of swirl number on combustion characteristics. Discrete phase model and eddy-dissipation model were adopted to represent combustion behavior of char particle and volatile in flue gas domain. Effects of five swirl numbers ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 were investigated. The results show that combustion characteristics such as the flow velocity, pressure, temperature and distributions of species were strongly dependent on the swirl number. Combustion appeared to be more intensified when increasing the swirl number. Complete combustion of volatile could be achieved within the domain of furnace at swirl number 1.2 while it was most likely that additional length of furnace was required at lower swirl number. However pressure loss factor increased significantly with swirl number starting from 0.35 at swirl number 0.8 and increased up to 0.9 at swirl number 1.2. Keywords: Biomass combustion, Swirl flame, CFD.
57 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0020 Effect of Honeycomb Thickness of Charcoal Cooking Stove on Thermal Efficiency
Bundit Krittacom*, Phatiwat Waramitr and Pornsawan Tongbai
Development in Technology of Porous Materials (DiTo-Lab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Suranarai Road, Nakhonratchasima, Muang, 30000, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +6644-233-073, +6644-233-074
Abstract The effect of honeycomb thickness of charcoal cooking stove is studied to investigate the thermal efficiency
(th). The high efficiency cooking stove (HECS) of Thai Ministry of Energy is used but the honeycomb holes are modified to be inclined () at 10 degree from vertical direction defined as modified high efficiency cooking stove (MECS). The fuel is variant grade of charcoal. Low heating value (LHV) of approximate 22,600 kJ/kg is determined by the bomb calorimeter. Three honeycomb thicknesses (H) consisting of 32, 36 and 40 mm are examined. Hole- diameter ratio between upper and lower honeycomb plate (d:D) is kept at 13:14. Water volume of 3.6 kg filled in a vessel of 26 cm diameter is adopted in examination. The investigated procedure of th is based on Volunteers in Technical Assistance Standard (VITA). Moreover, the th of two commercial cooking stoves, i.e., CCS1-34 and CCS2-36, are also observed and compared to the present stove. From experiment, it is found that the value of th trended to increase with H increasing from 32 to 36 mm. but the th is decreased at H = 40 mm. Thus, the maximum th become 46.7% at H = 36 mm. In the comparison case, modified stove is higher than the commercial cooking stoves. Keywords: Honeycomb plate; Charcoal cooking stove, Thermal efficiency
58 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0021 Experimental Investigation on Fuel Injection and Spray Characteristics of Commercial Diesel and Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) with Different Injection Pressure Using High Pressure Fuel Injection System
Sombat Marasri1*, Pop-Paul Ewphun1, Sukit Saeo1, Prathan Srichai2 Chinda Charoenphonphanich2, Preechar Karin1, Manida Tongroon3and Hidenori Kosaka4
,1 International College, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand 2 Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand 3 National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand 4 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 1-44-18 Hayamiya, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 179-0085, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: +66(2) 329-8262, Fax: +66(2) 329-8262
Abstract Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is one of promising advance alternative biofuels to use instead of diesel fuel. HVO has many the beneficial fuel properties such as low sulfur, low aromatics, high cetane number, high heating value, similarity of density and viscosity with diesel. The objectives of this paper is to investigate the effects of HVO physical and chemical properties on fuel injection characteristics, spray characteristics and air entrainment. The fuel injection characteristics were investigated under Zeuch method. The fuel spray characteristics were investigated under non-vaporizing conditions using shadowgraph technique and air entrainment analysis. The fuel injection and spray results of diesel and HVO were evaluated with a single-hole solenoid injector with orifice diameter 0.2 mm, and various injection pressure 40 MPa to 140 MPa. The results shows that fuel injection rate profile, measured injection rate and injection quantity of diesel have similar results compare to HVO. The spray tip penetration and spray angle of diesel show similar results as HVO. Local equivalence ratio and the mass of air entrained of diesel and HVO show similar results. In addition, effects of high pressure fuel injection show significantly increasing fuel injection rate profile, measured injection rate, injection quantity, and the mass of air entrained but decreasing local equivalence ratio. These results relate strongly to combustion process and emissions in diesel engines due to differences of fuel properties. Keywords: hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), fuel injection and spray characteristics, Zeuch method, shadowgraph technique, air entrainment analysis.
59 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0022 Optimum Design of Scroll Expander Wrap for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Generation
Kritsada Lowrungsi1,* and Monsak Pimsarn2
1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number 0894414169
Abstract The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an emerging technology for power generation through heat recovering from different thermal sources. In the 1-10 kW ORC power generation, it is difficult to find the suitable equipment to expand the gas, reduce pressure and converse heat to be mechanical energy. Considering from thermodynamics and mechanics principle, it is obviously found that the scroll mechanism is the most suitable for kW scale power generation. The reason for this is that it can operate without the high mass flow rate condition. This paper presents an optimization design of scroll expander wrap to assess the maximum isentropic power generation (brake horse power) from the expansion ratio (discharge volume / suction volume). Using fixed thickness scroll formulas from the previous work, in this design study, the base radius and scroll height were chosen to be design variables and the gradient-based methods and the direct search methods were utilized to search for the maximum expansion ratio. Additionally, some of constraints such as scroll wrap radius within 90 mm to be set in Copeland’s frame radius 120 mm, within slenderness ratio of scroll height and over the minimum scroll height / base radius ratio were also included in the design. The design result exhibits that expansion ratio is 5.7155 which is better than the standard scroll expander, 3.9061. Therefore, this leads to 44.3% improvement of expansion ratio. The results of this work can be considered as the first process of ORC system design to maximize performance of expander machine corresponding to the built in volumetric ratio within the desired dimension. Keywords: Scroll, Expander, Organic Rankine Cycle, ORC, Power
60 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0023 The Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Using Ethanol Blended Fuel
Rattapoom Keskangam1*, Preechar Karin1, Chinda Charoenphonphanich2, Watanyoo Phirote2, Pongsak Kummool2, Nuwong Chollacoop3 and Hidenori Kosaka4
1 International College, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand 10520 2 Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand 10520 3National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC),Pathumthani, Thailand 12120 4Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract This research is explain about the investigation on DISI( Direct Injection Spark Ignition) engine using ethanol blends as fuel and EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system. With a huge number of transportation nowadays, there are global crisis with the fossil fuel usage and the limitation of fossil fuel in the world, Although, CO, HC, NOx and PM are the emission made from the fossil fuel used in the internal combustion engine. This problem is something we have to solve and make it better for human life in the present and also in the future. The combination of ethanol alternative fuel and EGR technique on part load can be directly effect to internal combustion, it improve Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and emission while power and torque remain constant. This research is experiment on the adaptation of EGR system, mostly use in diesel engine to DISI engine. EGR is dilute air intake in engine part load operations. The result of EGR system is an improvement of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption(BSFC), anti-knocking limit and decrease combustion temperature which lead to NOx emission with lean burn mixture in DISI engine using ethanol blends as fuel. Keywords: Ethanol, Exhaust Gas Recirculation, Emission.
61 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0024
The Effects of Injection Strategy on a Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Engine
Sakda Thongchai1 and Ocktaeck Lim2,*
1 Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, South Korea 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, South Korea * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract In the current study, combustion characteristics and also engine out exhaust emissions of a compression ignition engine fueled with gasoline, named as Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) engine has been investigated when injection pressure and duration were altered. Based on the commercial engine, Hyundai brand, the single- cylinder diesel engine was applied in the experiment. Pure gasoline added with 5 percent of biodiesel as lubricity improver was injected into the cylinder by the common rail injection system which independently varied injection pressure and duration. The injection pressures were set at 600 and 1,000 bar. The engine speed was fixed at 1,200 rpm whereas the specific range of engine oil, coolant water and intake air temperature were controlled. Analyzed by one-zone thermodynamic model, combustion features were characterized in terms of heat release rate (HRR) and burning duration. The exhaust emissions including NOx, THC, and CO were also measured. The results show that injection pressure has the significant effect on the combustion of GCI engine. The complete combustion occurred when injecting biodiesel at high injection pressure.
Keywords: Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI), Injection pressure, Injection timing.
62 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0025 Numerical Analysis on the Mixture Formation Process up to Auto-Ignition of an Ethanol Spray
Hironori SAITOH1*, Yuya TOHJO2 and Koji UCHIDA1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, West Ward, Kumamoto City, 860-0082, Japan 2 MAEKAWA Manufacturing Company, Moriya Plant (Former master student of Sojo Univ.) , Tatsuzawa 2000, Moriya City, 302-0118 Ibaraki, Japan * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel: +81-96-326-3729, Fax: +81-96-323-1351
Abstract This study deals with the development of controlled-ignition technology for high performance compression ignition alcohol engines. Among the alcohol fuels, we focused on Ethanol as the promising candidate of alternative fuel. The objective of this study is to reveal the physical and chemical phenomena in the mixture formation process up to auto-ignition of an Ethanol spray. The authors has intensively investigated and reported this decade about the auto-ignition characteristics of a fuel spray for normal alcohol and Ethanol-Diethyl ether blended fuels. The quantitative evaluation of main factors that govern auto-ignition phenomenon that can be finally as the database in a form of 3D-mapping of ignition delay is now in progress. Through the series of our study, the reason of poor auto-ignition quality of alcohol sprays was theoretically and experimentally revealed. That is difficulty of simultaneous attainments of ignition-suitable concentration and temperature in a spray mixture formation. However, detailed spatial concentration and temperature distributions inside a spray and their temporal history from fuel injection are still at question. As the next step, therefore, we performed numerical analysis on the mixture formation process of an Ethanol spray in order to reveal the physical and chemical mechanisms of its auto-ignition phenomenon. One of the commercial CFD codes; CONVERGE was used in the computational calculation with the considerations of turbulence, atomization, evaporation and detailed chemical reaction. Spray mixture formation process of Ethanol and Gas oil were numerically analyzed and compared with each other. Good agreement was obtained between numerical and experimental visualization results of mixture formation process up to auto-ignition. Results of numerical simulation showed that properties of Ethanol such as smaller stoichiometric air/fuel ratio and larger latent heat of evaporation induced faster lean situation and slower temperature rise in comparison with Gas oil as conventional diesel fuel. Keywords: Ethanol Spray, Mixture Formation, Auto-Ignition, Numerical Analysis
63 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AEC0026 Development of Exhaust device utilizing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell to collect electricity from exhaust gas and reduce emission
Kento Morita1, Yusuke Hayashi1, Kiyoshi Yanagihara1,*, Naoki Uchiyama2 and Yasuyuki Uchiyama2
1 National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, Higashihagio-Machi 150, Omuta-shi Fukuoka-ken, 836-8585, Japan 2 ATSUMITEC CO., LTD., Takaokanishi 4-6-1, Naka-ku Hamamatsu-shi, 433-8118, Japan * Kiyoshi Yanagihara: [email protected], +81-944-53-8864
Abstract Emission standard for motorcycle is getting harder and harder these years in Japan. In order to clear the standard, Electronic Fuel Injection (E.F.I.) and three-way catalyst is employed for motorcycle instead of carburetor, which is basic fuel supplying system of internal combustion (I.C.) engine. However, the employments of these new system cause the following disadvantages that increase of electrical load needs large capacity of alternative current (A.C.) generators and batteries, complexity of electrical components, and that addition of three-way catalyst. As a result, energy efficiency, such as fuel consumption or output power, is affected by the weight increase of I.C. engine system.
Thus employment of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) instead of larger A.C. generator and three-way catalyst is considered in our study, since the environment of exhaust gases containing hydrocarbon and carbon oxide under high temperature of over 800K is similar to the operating environments of SOFC. So, it is assumed that HC and CO of exhaust gas under high temperature can produce H2 with some gas- shift reformations, while consuming those components of emission gas. In our previous reports, new exhaust device is developed and installed to improve engine efficiency of small displacement motorcycle, the function of electricity generation of the device is proved from experiments. The function of emission reduction, however, is not confirmed yet. Therefore, in order to confirm the function of emission reduction of the developed device, exhaust gas is measured intake and exhaust of the SOFC cell stack with emission analyzer.
In experiment, although enough electricity is not generated with the SOFC’s generating system, the experimental result that 42% reduction of CO, 42.5% reduction of CO2, and 66.3% reduction of NO, are obtained, and the function of emission reduction of the SOFC device is proved through this experiment.
Keywords: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), internal combustion engine, emission reduction, exhaust- gas generation.
64 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0001 Design and testing of wing assembly function for a small unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft
Limsumalee Nattawan 1, Sripawadkul Vis 2, and Thipyopas Chinnapat 3
Department of Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University E-mail: [email protected] 1, [email protected] 2, [email protected] 3, Tel: +66-81-714-6189
Abstract This research was interested in wing assembly function of a small unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft. The disassembly of the mechanical locking device was studied. The objective of this research is to design mechanical locking device that can absorb the force applied on the structure of aircraft and can be quickly, easily disassembled to save time and space for transportation and did not fail during the wing testing and operation flight. This small UAV has 2 meters of span and 4 kilograms total weight with 3 locations of mechanical locking devices, 2 points at the wing, 1point at the fuselage, and 2 points at the tail. Then applied forces by giving a load factor of 2.5 to weight onto the wing for wing testing. The results showed a slight bending at the wing without damaging wing’s structure and locking devices. In conclusion, material and structure of the locking device is the primary keys to future development in order to construct a higher performance and more efficient locking mechanism.
Keywords: Small unmanned aerial vehicle, Mechanical locking devices, Wing testing, Wing assembly function.
65 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0002 Study on Effectiveness of Frontal Crash Standards for Passenger Bus using Finite Element Analysis
Burawich Muangto1,*, Pattaramon Jongpradist1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King’s Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 126 Pracha-uthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +668-9691-0190
Abstract Frontal impact is among the major causes of severe accidents occurred with passenger bus. Two standard procedures for frontal collision integrity are universally adopted; Economic Commission for Europe Regulation 29 (ECE-R29) in which a 1,500-kg rigid pendulum strikes the bus frontal structure with 55-kJ impact energy, and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 (FMVSS-208) in which the bus structure crashes to a rigid barrier at the velocity of 30 km/h. This study aims to use nonlinear explicit finite element method to analyze the safety of the driver of passenger bus manufactured in Thailand according to ECE-R29 and FMVSS-208 standards and compare the results between the two regulations. A finite element model of bus structure is developed and analyzed for the driver velocities during crash. A hybrid III 50th percentile dummy driver is employed in Hypercrash to predict severity of head and neck injury after impact tests. Comparisons between the two standards include the absorbed energy in each structure section, deformation of A-pillars, injury and protection of the driver. Also, the critical points in design of bus frontal structure are discussed and design improvement is recommended.
Keywords: Frontal Impact, Bus safety, ECE-R29, FMVSS-208, Injury mechanism
66 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0003 Influence of Shock Absorber Installation Angle to Vibration Behavior of Automotive Vehicle
Nuttarut Panananda*, Nattapon Intaphrom and Watchara Kantapam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang-Mai, 50300, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract Numbers of studies in the automotive vehicle suspension regarding vibration behavior of the sprung mass have been carried out. Among these published works consider and modify only the characteristic of the shock absorber to attain the desired response. In this paper, the shock absorber installation geometry is examined in conjunction with damping force characteristic. The main aim of this work is to figure out the influence of the installation angle to the vehicle vibration behavior. Numerical simulation is employed to solve the base excited single degree of freedom (SDOF) quarter car model. The installation angle of the shock absorber is considered in three different angles regarding the direction of motion. The equations of motion are formed for each angle. The damping force characteristic is considered as a dual rate piecewise linear damper. The vehicle speed is assumed to be 90 km/h running over a sinusoidal road hump. The transient responses are examined. The installation angle is found to influence the vibration behavior in different ways. The installation angles of 90 degrees and 45 degrees are found to reduce the acceleration of the sprung mass by approximately 60%. This can imply that ride quality is improved. However, the sprung mass is oscillating longer than that for the conventional SDOF model. In other words, the handling quality is degraded. For other installation circumstances are found to be more detrimental the sprung mass. Therefore, it is significant for the design engineer to carefully consider the installation angle of the shock absorber in the vehicle to match the purpose. Keywords: Shock absorber, Installation angle, Piecewise linear damper, Sprung mass vibration
67 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0004 Design of Thin-walled Impact Absorbers with Buckling Initiator
Wachirakorn Towicha1,*, Pattaramon Jongpradist1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering King’s Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +6687-675-5214
Abstract In the design of energy absorber for heavy vehicles, thin-walled members are frequently used as energy absorber to absorb and dissipate impact energy when frontal collision occurs. Buckling initiators can improve the axial crushing performance of such members by the pre-designed buckling of the shell in folding pattern. This research aims to use nonlinear explicit dynamic finite element analysis to investigate characteristics and behaviors of thin-walled hexagonal tubes with different designs of buckling initiators under axial and oblique impact loads. Two initiator types, triangular notch and window-like hole, of single and multiple rows are considered. Locations of the initiators are determined by eigenvalue-based buckling analyses. The use of notch and hole as buckling initiators are shown to advance the crushing performances of thin-walled tubes under dynamics impact. The multiple-row initiator types can remarkably reduce the occurred peak force compared to the members with single-row initiator. A hexagonal absorber with four-row triangular notches is recommended due to advantages in its behaviors under both direct and oblique impact with high specific energy absorption of 10 kJ/kg and crush efficiency of 0.61. The peak force is also diminished by 30 percent. Keywords: Thin-walled member, Hexagonal tube, Buckling initiator, Energy absorber, Axial impact
68 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0005 Structural Wing Sizing in Preliminary Aircraft Design
Narongkorn Krajangsawasdi1,*and Phacharaporn Bunyawanichakul2
1 Graduate Student, Design Clinic Research Unit, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2 Assistant Professor, Design Clinic Research Unit, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.+66 0-2797-0999ext1702-4 Fax. +66 0-2576-8570
Abstract This paper is focused on sizing the wing structure of a single engine, two-seat kit aircraft. The calculation covers the design process in the following order: the obtaining of aircraft configuration, the calculation of V-n diagram, the calculation of the expected loads on the wing, the lay-out of the arrangement of wing components, the design of the spar and rib dimensions, the estimation of the skin and stiffener dimensions, the calculation to check the stability of each component, and finally the suggestion for the lightening holes. Additionally, figures displaying the arrangement of the sub-structure wing component are illustrated. In this study, the wing structure is fabricated by aluminum sheet. The details of the design are based on the theory of aircraft design in consideration of yield strength of material and buckling stress due to dimensions of the components with a factor of safety of 1.5. The overall weight of a half-wing was 41.62 kg excluding fuel. It is satisfactory to the estimation of aircraft designer. The dimension of each component shows applied stress is lower than both yield strength and buckling stress. Finally, the dimensions of all components are shown and drawn up in a 3D model. Keywords: Aircraft wing structure, Aircraft design theory, Buckling stress
69 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0006 The Effect of Mobile Air Conditioning System on Fuel Economy with New European Driving Cycle in Hot Climate of a Sub-compact Car
O. Chayaphum1,*, A. Wongsatanawarid1, Y. Laoonual1, N. Chollacoop2, and P. Mahasaksiri3
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachautid Rd. Bangmod Thungkru Bangkok, 10140, Thailand 2 National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyotin Rd, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, THAILAND 12120 3 DENSO International Asia Co., Ltd., 888 Moo 1 Bangna-Trad Rd, Bangbo, Samutprakarn, 10560, Thailand
* Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66859323607, +6628972311-2
Abstract
Recently, a commercial car is tested globally following UN-R101 standard. The UN-R101 is standardized with New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) as a pattern of testing. The standard tests under controlled environment such as ambient temperature within 20-30oC, ambient humidity around 5.5-12.2 g moisture/kg dry air, and with the air conditioning turned off. The result of standard testing is reported of a car fuel economy. However, hot climate countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia and so on, are inevitably used the air conditioning system. Furthermore, the effect of average ambient temperature, higher than standard test condition all round year in hot climate countries, is intensified to consume more fuel during operation of air conditioning system. In this work, the significant level of Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) system on fuel consumption following the NEDC was studied. The effect of ambient temperature was investigated at 25ºC and 35ºC with constant humidity ratio of 12 g moisture/kg dry air. The test data was recorded by the data logger of 0.2 second sampling rate. The data could be analyzed to obtain instantaneous Coefficient of Performance of the A/C system during NEDC at a setting comfort condition in the cabin named as COPi. As a result, the fuel economy was decreased from about 15.60 to 14.07 km/l effect by A/C operation at ambient temperature of 25ºC. At higher ambient temperature of 35ºC, the fuel economy was rather decreased to about 13.22 km/l. Interestingly, MAC system COPi was instantaneously calculated to obtain 5.81 and 5.53 for urban driving period and extra- urban driving period respectively at 25ºC. The COPi was then again decreased with increasing of ambient temperature to 35ºC obtained valued of 4.55 for urban and 4.47 for extra-urban cycle. It is important to note that the COPi is used to exhibit the operating condition of A/C system setting for human comfort in the cabin.
Keywords: Mobile Air Condition system, New European driving cycle, Fuel economy, Sub- compact car
70 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0007 High Altitude Platform (HAP): Feasibility Studies in Thailand
Phacharaporn Bunyawanichakul1,* and Pongwit Siribodhi2
1 Assistant Professor, Design Clinic Research Unit, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2 Associate Professor, Design Clinic Research Unit, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. +66 0-2797-0999ext1702-4 Fax. +66 0-2579-8570
Abstract This research is focused on the feasibility study of High Altitude Platform (HAP) in Thailand. The project is initiated and funded by Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA). The work prepares for High Altitude Platform development project in future. It aims to study the technical feasibilities of HAP on part of the vehicle (platform) with the capacity to operate at a height of 20-40 kilometers from the earth's surface for at least 15 days. The technical feasibility of this research consists of three sections: type and dimension, material selection, and suitable propulsive system of vehicle. There are two main vehicle types in this study, lighter and heavier than air vehicle. The platform can be presented by airship, balloon, and fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle. The study found that the most appropriate type of platform is a zero pressure balloon. This is by the reasons of production cost and ease of reaching the required altitude that can be done automatically with a lighter than air gas. The study of material selection shows that Polyethylene with the thickness of 20.3 µm is best suited for production in Thailand. The platform can be propelled by natural wind speed and direction varied which vary along the altitude above the earth's surface. The dimension and size of the platform is calculated with two assumptions: Firstly, the platform has a spherical shape throughout the operation with fixed payload of 12 kg. Secondly, the weather information had been taken from the Thai Meteorological Department by 5 stations over Thailand dating back decades. The analysis using basic concepts of science, theory of ideal gas, and equation of standard gravitational constant shows the feasible altitude is about 24 kilometers. The size of the helium or hydrogen filled balloon is slightly different. The on ground volume of 79.28 and 63.12 cubic meters are required respectively.
Keywords: Airship, Balloon, High Altitude, High Altitude Platform, Unmanned Platform
71 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0008 Impact of Biodiesel Contamination on Engine Wear using Four-ball Wear Tester and Laser Particle Size Analyzer
Warawut Amornprapa1,*, Phiranat Khamsrisuk1, Preechar Karin1, Kobsak Sriprapha2 and Katsunori Hanamura3
1 International college, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang,Bangkok, 10520, Thailand 2 National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand 3 Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo institute of technology, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 095 618 1688.
Abstract The diesel engine is a compression ignition engine which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. The energy forces the piston to perform up and down movement. The sliding movement of the components surfaces produces friction and wear. The lubricant protects an engine by producing the oil film to minimize the contacting surfaces. An incomplete combustion leads to fuel contamination, the contamination effect to oil degradation and lubrication breakdown. This research is aimed to investigate the effects of biodiesel contamination on the engine oil properties and wear characteristics. The used SAE0W30 engine oils were collected from diesel engine vehicles (B5-7). The amount of fuel contamination and particle size were measured by FT-IR and laser particle size analyzer, respectively. The results showed that the average amount of fuel contamination in used oils from the diesel engine vehicles was about 2% by weight. In addition, the new SAE0W30 engine oils were blended with biodiesel fuel to simulate fuel contamination. Friction torque and wear characteristics were evaluated by Four-ball wear tester and the worn surfaces of the balls were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D optical microscope. The particles in the Four-ball tested oil were also measured. The biodiesel contamination shows the negative effect on lubricating oil such as wear scar diameter and friction torque increase. On the other hand, it shows the positive effect to reduce surface roughness.
Keywords: Lubricant, Friction and Wear, Engine, Biodiesel, Four-Ball wear tester
72 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0009 PROBLEMS AND RESULT IN TORSIONAL VIBRATION MEASURING AND ANALYZING ON MARINE DIESEL ENGINE PROPULSION
LUU Do Duc 1 , SI Hoang Van 2, VANG Le Van 2
1 Viet Nam Maritime University, [email protected] ; 2 Ho Chi Minh City Transportation University , [email protected] ; [email protected]
Abstract: This paper presents problems and result of measuring and analyzing torsional vibration on marine diesel engine propulsion shaft. Authors mocked–up, simulate for measuring and processing multinomial tortional vibration signal with interference or noise; error cycle prediction when extract sample in area of realtime and frequency. The results of this paper has deployed incase of normal firing and misfiring in a marine diesel engine 34000 DWT. Keywords: Torsional vibration on marine diesel engine propulsion; Interference and sampling errors of torsional vibration measurement; Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
73 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0010 An Experimental Study of Calibration Algorithms for Five-Hole Pressure Probes
Siripong Atipan,
Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd. Ladyao Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Email: [email protected], Tel: 61 2 797 0999 ext 1701, Fax: 61 2 5798570
Abstract This study aims to investigate various calibration algorithms for five-hole pressure probes and their uncertainty in 3-D velocity measurement of aerodynamic flows. The experimental study is conducted in a low speed open-circuit wind tunnel. A conical five-hole pressure probe of 90-conical angle is built and used for the experiment. The calibration of the probe covers flow directions in the range of ±30 pitch angles and ±30 yaw angles. Three different calibration models are developed and investigated for the quality of flow velocity measurement. These are a conventional calibration algorithm for five-hole probe, a modified calibration algorithm, and a generalized calibration algorithm for multi- hole probe, In the testing, flows of variety directions are examined. The results are presented as the comparisons of calibration curves and uncertainties of velocity components. The quality of measurement in low angular flow and high angular flow are also analyzed and discussed.
Keywords: pressure probe, flow measurement, velocity measurement, aerodynamic flows, calibration algorithm
74 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0011 Preliminary Design of Lightweight Body of Electric Bus for Thailand
Kunakron-ong. P1,*, Ruangjirakit. K1, and Jongpradist. P1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 126 Prachauthit Rd, Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. (+66)80-551-0330
Abstract This study aims to design, analyze and optimize a lightweight structure suitable for long-range electric bus which can be fabricated in Thailand. The design must meet with the structural requirements. Aluminium has been selected instead of conventional steel to reduce structural weight and enhance energy consumption efficiency. A finite element model of electric bus is created and loading conditions including gravitational, longitudinal and lateral loads are defined. Topology optimization is performed to analyze the positions of roof and side members using Optistruct software. The topology results of bus body show the novel configuration of roof members. The preliminary bus body structure is modeled according to the optimization results and reanalyzed to evaluate bending stiffness, torsional stiffness and natural frequency. Finally, the analysis results show that the new configuration of roof members can effectively reduce the weight of bus body by 183 kg (18.9%) compared to that of conventional structure without compromising structural stiffness. Keywords: Lightweight bus body, Electric Bus, Finite Element Method
75 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0012 A Quick Approach to Correct Range Prediction of A Surface to Surface Rocket Fitted with a Nonstandard Fuze
Pawat Chusilp* and Weerawut Charubhun
Defence Technology Institute 47/433 Changwattana Road, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], (66) 02-980-6688 ext. 2632
Abstract Equipping a nonstandard fuze to an unguided artillery rocket could affect the rocket characteristics and hence different flight trajectory. Consequently, the firing tables provided by the rocket manufacturer are no longer accurate. This paper investigates a quick and low cost approach that can mitigate this problem. The approach was applied to a case study of a 122 mm artillery rockets fitted with a fuze whose shape and mass are different from the original design. Available data from live fire tests were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction. The results suggested that the error was higher at greater quadrant elevation and the error of one sample point near the maximum range was up to 7.8%. Keywords: firing tables, artillery rockets, trajectory simulation, external ballistics.
76 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0013 Optimal Design of the Inverted GOE 178 Airfoil Profile Rear Spoiler for Student Formula Competition Car
Sutartip Wittayapiyanon and Sathaporn Chuepeng*
Automotive Technology and Alternative Energy Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, 199 Sukhumvit Road, Chonburi 20230, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail [email protected], Telephone Number +6638354580, Fax Number +6638354849
Abstract A car at speed withstands some forces that generate instability due to yaw, roll, and pitch motions. The center of gravity of a car tends to shift forward when the car speeds up. This brings about greater drag and lift forces. In particular, the latter causes the rear wheels to float off the track and hence, instability. A way to resolve this problem is to generate a counter down force, e.g. by adding a rear spoiler. This work presents the performance characteristics of the rear spoiler intentionally designed for Student Formula competition car. The inverted GOE 178 airfoil profile was simulated using commercial software package ANSYS with other two profiles for comparison and validation. The pitch angles of the profiles were varied from 10 to 60 degrees to the horizontal plane and the simulated velocity of the longitudinal 6 6 wind were ranging from 60 to 200 km/h (0.310 < Re < 1.010 ), neglecting other lateral disturbances. The analysis includes pressure, streamline as well as lift and drag forces over the surface of the specimens. With the increasing wind velocity, the drag and lift forces were greater. The more the pitch angles of the spoiler, the more the drag force. The optimum pitch angle design of 40 for the inverted GOE 178 airfoil profile rear spoiler is obtained over the speed range. The subsequent results derived from this simulation will be used as a design consideration for manufacturing the spoiler which will be properly tested further. Keywords: airfoil; car; drag; simulation; spoiler
77 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0014 Statistical Analysis Applied to Ni-MH Battery Impedance for Preservation Lifetime Experiment
Toshiyuki SAKAMOTO1*, and Kazutomo KURODA2
1 Department of Prime Mover Engineering, School of Engineering, TOKAI University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa pref., 259-1292 Japan 2 Course of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, TOKAI University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa pref., 259-1292 Japan * E-mail：[email protected], Tel: +81-463-58-1211 Ext.4310, Fax: +81-463-59-8293
Abstract Electric prime mover traction battery has a chemical degradation with cycle and preservation lifetime. The battery verification shall be done in both aspect of the battery cycle lifetime experiment and the battery preservation lifetime experiment. Though it is a fact that the most of the experiment which does not verify the battery preservation lifetime but the battery cycle lifetime prior to the battery mass production. Owing to an allowable research and development span, there is not enough time to verify the battery preservation lifetime experiment which makes hard to estimate the battery total life in actual usage. This study investigates a possibility extent that an AC impedance response analysis, which method is able to verify the battery deterioration condition in progress of cycle lifetime experiment which was previously reported, and also apply to verify the battery deterioration condition in progress of preservation periods and the estimation life time. The battery is focused on a Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery which is widely used as traction energy storage in HEVs. The AC impedance response analysis is an appropriate method which can be detected easily to measure the battery deterioration level on a small scale condition. This study verified that the AC impedance response with a statistical analysis is an effective method to verify the battery deterioration level in progress of preservation easily and to estimate the battery total life time. Keywords: Automobile, Battery, Measurement, Impedance, Analysis
78 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0015 Autonomous Landing for a Quadrotor UAV Using a Visual Input
Flt.Lt. Jeerasak Moudpoklang1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Navaminda Kasatriyadhiraj Royal Air Force Academy, 171/1 Phaholyothin Rd. Saimai District, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand * [email protected], +668-5469-6553 Abstract This paper presents the design and implementation of a real-time vision system for a quadrotor UAV in order to estimate its state relative to a known landing target. The quadrotor UAV is required to identify a landing target, and track on it. We use contours algorithm for landing target recognition and an Extended Kalman filter for position estimation. We use linear segments with parabolic blends for trajectory planning of quadrotor UAV. The quadrotor UAV can track and land on a target by using PID controller. Flight test results show that our vision-based state estimator along with the effectiveness of PID controller are accurate within 30 cm by measuring from the center of quadrotor UAV to the center of landing target.
Keywords: Autonomous landing, Visual input, Vision, PID controller, UAV.
79 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0016 Automatically Enhanced UAV Images for Infrastructure Inspection
Chen-Ming Kuo1, Po Ting Lin1,*, Chun-Hsin Kuo1, Chinnapat Thipyopas2, Vis Sripawakul2, Stung Hao Yang1, Yi-Chi Hsieh1, Wei-Hao Lu1 and Shu-Ping Lin1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chungpei Road, Chungli, Taoyuan, Taiwan 32023 2 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand 10900 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +886-983033147
Abstract Public infrastructures such as bridges are important for transportations between different places. However, many of those infrastructures were built at more than 50 years ago. The aging managements and damage assessments are required to ensure safe operations of these old bridges. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies have been utilized for infrastructure inspections in the past few years. It provides necessary visual information of the damage assessment and it is safer than human inspections. We have designed and made a UAV equipped with a camera for the collection of high-resolution images. To further reveal more information of the damage condition from the captured images, the Fuzzy Automatic Contrast Enhancement (FACE) method was utilized to maximize the image quality. Because the UAV images can be taken under various circumstances, it is usually a lot of works to manually adjust the image quality for better visual observation. FACE has been proven that it is capable of finding the maximum image contrast without any human settings. Real tests of automatically enhanced UAV images of cracks on the wall show the potential locations of the damages. As predicted by the proposed method, severe damages occur at the expected locations at six months later. Keywords: Infrastructure Inspection, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Fuzzy Automatic Contrast Enhancement.
80 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0017 Experimental Study and Analysis of Wing Structures Effect in Flapping Wings
Sirapob Catteeyothai1, Pattarapong Ponprueksa2, Yueh-Heng Li3, Vis Sripawadkul4 and Chinnapat Thipyopas5,*
1 Graduate Student, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2 Graduate Student, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Rd, East District, Tainan City, Taiwan 701 4 Lecturer, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand * Corresponding Author : [email protected], Tel : +66 2549-3429, +66 2549-3420, Fax : +66 2549-3422
Abstract The objectives of this research were to study, design and develop wing structures of flapping wings that are suitable for practical use. Flapping wings is an imitation of nature, birds can fly with great agility. Each wing structures are designed with different angle between the leading edge blade and sub- blade structure which are 0 degree, 25 degrees, 35 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees respectively. The wing structures were tested in a wind tunnel at a proper wind velocity with flapping frequency 4 hz for all of wing type and 6 hz for the most suitable wing. This paper does not only study the development and design of wing structures but also study and develop a measurement system and software that is suitable for flapping wings experiments. The development of wing structures will be done by placing the leading edge blade and sub-blade at a various angle then observe how it affect the properties on each wing. By dividing wing into two parts : rigid wing area and flexible wing area, this will have resulted in different Lift and Drag force on each wing. From both inside and outside wind tunnel experiment, the result showed that the wing with 90 degrees angle between leading edge blade and sub-blade has the highest rigor and the wing with 0 degrees angle between leading edge blade and sub-blade has the highest flexibility. Overall, it can be concluded that the wing with 35 degrees angle between leading edge blade and sub-blade is the most suitable wing structure for flapping wing for both Lift and Drag force. Keywords: Flapping Wings, Ornithopter, Wing, Structures, Wind Tunnel
81 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0018 Conceptual Design of Fixed Wing-VTOL UAV for AED transport
Watcharapol Saengphet1, Chalothorn Thumthae2,*
1 Mechanical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand 2 Mechanical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail [email protected], Telephone Number 0-4422-4556 Abstract This study presents the conceptual design of fixed wing battery-powered UAV, designed to carry an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) or any 1.5 kg of payload. This aircraft has ability, not only to take-off, landing or hover as multirotor aircraft but also to cruise similar to the fixed wing aircraft leads to reach the high speed and endurance without additional rotor-tilting mechanism. The new UAV type is called the hybrid UAV. Follow by the hybrid UAV concepts, the design process was initiated by estimating maximum take-off weight. Battery weight and capacity were then estimated from fixed wing and multirotor power required. Moreover, the subsystem of propulsion including propeller, coaxial rotor, motor, ESC and battery were reviewed and discussed. Constant power method was adopted to improve accuracy of the range and the endurance estimation of battery- powered aircraft instead of constant voltage method. In order to match the mission requirements and obtain the design space, the preliminary sizing was established. Computational fluid dynamics is not yet studied in this work. Finally, the conceptual design results, the effect of takeoff velocity to energy consumption and energy management were presented and consulted. Keywords: Conceptual design, Hybrid UAV, VTOL, battery-powered UAV, Constant power method
82 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0019
Simulation of Multi-cell Thin-walled Structure under Impact Loads with Fracture Damage Mechanism
Chaow Srisuppapakdee1,*, Pattaramon Jongpradist1
1 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Road, Bangmod, Thung khru, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract In the design of thin-walled energy absorber, finite element simulation is employed to investigate the structural strength and energy absorption behavior under impact as well as to rate the crash performance. Among other profiles, multi-cell thin-walled conical shells exhibit high efficiency in energy absorption. This work aims to employ dynamic explicit finite element analysis including material behavior from fracture damage to predict failure characteristics of multi-cell thin-walled structures under direct and oblique impact loads. Results from two material models; one without material degradation and one with fracture progressive damage evolution due to impact, are compared. When fracture damage is not included, the key parameters in engineering design, such as peak force, mean crushing force and energy absorption capacity can be overestimated. Moreover, the predicted failure modes are different in some cases. Such discrepancies are more evident in multi-cell members with a large number of cell under dynamic impacts in which high plastic strain zones are prominently present. Proper design of multi-cell conical shell as energy absorber is recommended based on buckling failure mechanism, deformation mode and energy absorption responses.
Keywords: Multi-cell thin-walled structure; Fracture damage; Impact load; Energy absorption; Finite Element Analysis
83 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AME0020
Performance Improvement of Existing Electric Motorcycles in Thailand by Changing Battery from Lead Acid Battery to Li-ion Battery
Ratanarodcharoen S.1, Ruangjirakit K.1,*, Kaewtatip P.1, Laoonual Y. 1, Tangamchit P. 2, and Limthongkul P. 3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thungkhru, Bangkok 10140 Thailand.
2 Department of Control System & Instrumentation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thungkhru, Bangkok 10140 Thailand.
3 National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) 114 Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Rd., KhlongNueng, KhlongLuang, PathumThani 12120 Thailand
* Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66 (0) 95 801 9797, +66 (0) 2470 9111
Abstract Motorcycle is one of the most popular vehicles of choice for Thai people in both cities and rural area accounting for over 20 million registered vehicles in Thailand in 2015. As the vehicle platform is slowly moving from the original combustion engine towards electrical platform around the world, number of available electric motorcycle is also on the rise. However, the use of electric motorcycles in Thailand is currently not as popular due to the short driving range per charge and long battery charging time. Since battery performances are closely linked to those factors, it is the aim of this research to a) understand the specific cause of “lower” than expectation of the current electric motorcycles in the market through performance evaluation of the current batteries used b) to find a way to improve such performances specifically by replacing lead-acid batteries with Li-ion batteries. Motorcycle with the original lead-acid batteries was tested for its maximum speed and driving range per one charge. The original lead acid battery pack was also evaluated against the potential lithium ion battery pack. Correlations between battery performances and the performance of electric motorcycles were identified. Improvement of the motorcycle was done by modifying the original motorcycle with lithium ion battery packs fitted with the in-house designed battery management system. Initial results on the experiments performed have shown that capacity of Li-ion batteries tested is 57% over that of the currently used lead acid battery. At the supplier specified charging condition, lead acid battery needs 6 hours 30 minutes to reach full capacity while the new Li-ion battery can be full charged in 35 minutes. Additional results will be presented at the conference. Keywords: Electric Motorcycles, Pb-acid battery, Li-ion Battery.
84 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0001
On the Study of Disc Brake Vane Configuration Effected to Brake Squeal Noise
Anutcharee Khuntiptong* and Chak Chantalakhana
King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800 *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
Abstract From many years ago to present, there are many published papers from car manufacturers and academics, are investigated on squeal noise mechanism on the brake system. Brake squeal noise is occurred on the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 kHz as low frequency squeal and 5 kHz to 20 kHz as high frequency squeal. For self-excited mechanism, the brake disc and pad system is contributed to its mode coupling vibration between out-of-plane and in-plane disc modes acted as friction force feed energy to the brake system and results in the mode locking between the disc and pad mode shapes. This paper is focused on the high frequency brake squeal and countermeasure against the addressed mechanism by vane configuration design. The three brake and pad systems (A, B and C) with some knowledge on their experiment and real commercial use squeal problem, are studied for their unstable behavior using Complex Eigenvalue Analysis (CEA) where the most important brake condition parameters, friction coefficient and brake pressure, taken into account. The four vane configurations with 32, 38, 48, and 52 pieces uniformly distributed along the disc, are studied for all three brake systems. The out-of-plane disc mode has been changed significantly in mode coupling and locking due to the vane configuration design. The vane configurations are designed such that there is at least one configuration that can reduce the self-excited mechanism.
Keywords: Modal Coupling, Brake Squeal, Complex Eigenvalue Analysis, Finite element Analysis
85 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0002 Wear Detection on Twist Drill Cutting Lips using Digital Microscope
Raiminor Ramzi1, Elmi Abu Bakar2*
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia * E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Twist drill is normally used for hole making operation. It may varies in shape, size and composition depending on the application, size of the hole and also material of the workpiece. Drilling on a material with great hardness such as composite panels would be very challenging. The drill bit will experience greater fatigue and worn out faster. In addition, a worn drill bit could damage the highly expensive composite panel and turn it into a scrap. Therefore, a regular human vision inspection and drill bit sharpness test are required to ensure the drill bit used is in a good condition and still able to produce a perfect hole without damaging the panel. The study on detecting the twist drill wear will contribute in solving the problem aforementioned. In this research, a method is proposed in detecting and measuring the presence of wear on the twist drill. The proposed method is done by comparing the images of both new and worn twist drill from the top view perspective in order to obtain a full image of the cutting lips. The top view images are acquired using digital microscope and processed through MATLAB using two different approaches which are Sum of Absolute Different (SAD) and Image Fusion. The differences resulted from both methods are used to calculate the presence of wear in term of percentage. Basically, the percentage is calculated based on the colours such as black and white for SAD method and RGB values for Image Fusion method. With photographic evidence, this research found that during the process of drilling, the twist drill not only losing its material due to friction but also experiencing a shape deformation which also contribute to the wear factor of the cutting lips. This approach can be used to control and monitor the condition of a twist drill and to test the quality of new twist drill. Keywords: twist drill quality, wear detection, sum of absolute different, image fusion.
86 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0003 The effects of ultrasonic vibration and temperature on in- atmosphere solid state bonding of aluminum alloy.
Tomoji Osada1*, Keiji Sonoya2, Takeyuki Abe2 , Masanobu Nakamura2 , and Shuko Goto2
1 NIPPON THERMONICS.CO.,LTD, 1-13-6 Tanashiota Chuouku Sagamihara Kanagawa, 252-0245, Japan 2 UNIVERSITY OF YAMANASHI, 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan * E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract The need for aluminum joints has grown in recent years. However, as aluminum forms strong oxide layers in atmosphere, forming joints with this material is difficult. This is where we conceived of a new in-atmosphere solid phase bonding method that uses high-frequency induction heating and ultrasonic vibration. This research investigated the effects of ultrasonic vibration and bonding temperature on this new bonding method. The results thereof were able to confirm the efficacy of ultrasonic waves on bonding. Additionally, this research also made clear the relationship between the bonding temperature and joint strength. Keywords: Aluminum alloy, Solid state bonding, Atmosphere, High frequency induction heating, Ultrasonic vibration
87 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0004 Infrared Thermographic Non-destructive Testing using Laser-scanning Excitation
Masashi. Ishikawa1,*, Hideo Nishino1, Masaki Ando1, Hideyuki Kasano2 and Hiroshi Hatta3
1 Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan 2 Nihon University, Nakagawara, Tokusada, Tamura, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8642 Japan 3 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-88-656-7358, +81-88-656-9082
Abstract Active infrared thermography is a convenient type of non-destructive testing because it is a non- contact testing method that can inspect a large area in short time. Pulse thermography (PT) is a frequently used technique that instantaneously heats test objects using flash lamps and observes the surface temperature distribution after heating. In addition, phase images constructed by applying Fourier transforms to the temperature data obtained using PT (pulse phase thermography: PPT) are also used for non-destructive testing. In these techniques, heating lamps are located near the test objects to apply enough heat to generate temperature differences between defective and non-defective areas. In this study, we use the laser-scanning excitation method to heat test objects. Because propagation attenuation of the laser energy is much smaller than the conventional optical heating, it can heat objects from farther distances, which allows for remote inspection. As a first step for achieving remote inspection using laser heating thermography, we investigate the inspection capability of this method experimentally and compare the obtained results with results obtained using PT. Experiments were performed for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) specimens, and those results showed that the laser-scanning method has comparable inspection capability to conventional PT, yet it can inspect objects at greater distances (more than several meters). Moreover, the temperature difference caused by the scanning time delay can be eliminated by using phase images obtained by applying Fourier transforms to temperature data. These results suggest that the laser excitation method could be an effective way to inspect structures remotely. Keywords: Thermography, Non-destructive testing, Composite materials.
88 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0005 A New Design and Control System Development of a Combined Heat-Boiling Tank Applied for Natural Dyes Process
Mai Huong Bui1, Minh Thien Tran2, Tuong Quan Vo2
1Department of Textile-Garment Engineering, 2Department of Mechatronics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology, Viet Nam (VNU-HCM) E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: +84 983 11 09 78 Abstract Nowadays, the people are mostly prefer to use the natural products. These things focus on the everyday human needs such as foods and clothes. People recognizes that the natural products have great advantages as environment friendly, non-toxic, not cause the allergy for human being, etc. Based on this requirements, this paper introduces about one steps in the whole process of natural dyeing process. This process is used to dye textile products from the natural colors such as leaves, bark, root and agriculture by-products, etc. This extracting and dyeing process includes these main following procedures as: crushing, heating-boiling, filtering, and finally dyeing. In this whole process, the heating-boiling procedures is the most important steps. In this step, we need to control the suitable temperature and suitable pressure to get the complete extracting matter from the natural ingredients. We also need to choose the appropriate steering speed to get the good quality of the matter. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the most important step of the whole process which is the heating-boiling procedure. The mechanical design of the heating- boiling tank (fermenting and extracting module) will be introduced at the beginning. Then, the system identification method and controller design for temperature will be carried out. These parameters have great influence to the quality of the dyeing matter. The simulations and also the experimental results will be considered to check the agreement of our design. Keywords: natural dyeing, leaves, by-product, temperature, pressure, speed, controller, heating-boiling
89 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0006 An Application of Image Processing Technology in Automatic Crease Recovery Tester
Mai Huong Bui1, Tuong Quan Vo2
1Department of Textile-Garment Engineering, 2Department of Mechatronics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology, Viet Nam (VNU-HCM) E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: +84 983 11 09 78 Abstract Crease recovery testing is one of the most important step in the process of evaluating the quality of cotton and some other fabrics. The Crease Recovery Tester (CRT) measures the angle of recovery and is used to define Easy Care and Easy Iron labeling. The crease recovery angle (CR angle) indicates the ability of the fabric to recover to its original state. The recovery angle is normally determined by visual observation of people, which much depends on human being such as their observation and their experiences. Therefore, this can cause quite remarkable errors in the measuring result. In order to avoid this, we focus on the design and control of the automatic crease recover tester which can be measure a certain number of samples at the same time automatically. In this tester, the digital image technology are used to measure the crease recovery angle automatically. This tester can be programmed to test the fabric samples with some different impacts. The measuring process is carried out by the image taken by a suitable camera inside the tester. After the appropriate testing time, the result will be report via the monitor. The real automatic recovery tester is designed and fabricated to check the suitability and feasibility of our propose methods.
Keywords: crease recovery tester (CRT), image processing, samples, fabric, measure, crease recovery angle.
90 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0007 Motion of a Particle on a Plate Rotating with a Constant Speed
Niranad Chaisiri1,*, and Lerkiat Vongsarnpigoon1
1 Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Pattanakarn Road, Suanluang, Bangkok 10250, Thailand * [email protected]
Abstract This paper studies the motion of a body placed on a flat surface which is rotating at a constant speed. Because of the difference in velocity at the contact point, slipping will initially occur. There are two possibilities for the subsequent motion: either the body stops moving with respect to the plate or it keeps on slipping and moves out of the surface. Equations of motion for the body are written down using a polar coordinate system and solved numerically for various initial conditions of rotating speed and the initial radial distance. It is found that a clear boundary can be established separating the region of initial conditions for which the body will stop relative to the plate from that for which it will not. The initial conditions are represented by the rotating speed ω and a parameter
G k g/ r0 , where k is the kinetic coefficient of friction, g the gravitational constant, and r0 the initial radial distance. Keywords: rotating plate, relative velocity, slipping.
91 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0008 An Energy Method for Analysis of Belleville Springs
Watcharapong Patangtalo1*, Sontipee Aimmanee1, and Surachate Chutima2
1 Advanced Materials and Structures Laboratory: AMASS, Mechanical Engineering Department, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd, Bang Mot, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand 2 Centre of Operation for Computer Aided Research Engineering: COCARE, Mechanical Engineering Department, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd, Bang Mot, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail [email protected], Telephone Number +66-84-016-0545
Abstract This topic discusses an improved methodology for solving the deformation behavior of a Belleville spring under axial loading by the minimum potential energy principle. The elastic strain energy and work done of the Belleville spring are formulated based on the classical thin shell theory in a conical coordinate system. The von Karman and Reissner approximations to the nonlinear strain-displacement relations take the geometrical effects of the moderately and very large axial deflection into consideration, respectively. The Ritz method is used to solve for the deformation and force characteristics of isotropic springs and the solutions are compared with the previous Almen and Laszlo’s equation, experiments and the finite element analysis. The present energy model can capture the effect of a geometric parameter that has been missing from the Almen and Laszlo scheme. The comparison exhibits that the developed method gives very good agreement with the results from the testing and finite-element method, whereas Almen and Laszlo’s equation overpredicts the applied load at a given deflection in most cases owing to their limited assumptions. Keywords: Belleville Spring, Energy Method, Geometrical Nonlinearities, Snap-through
92 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0009 Piezoelectrically-induced snap-through buckling in a buckled beam bonded with a segmented actuator
K. Tichakorn1 , S. Aimmanee1,*, K. Ruangjirakit1
1Advanced Materials and Structures Laboratory (AMASS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract In this paper, mathematical models are developed in order to analyze piezoelectrically-induced snap-through behaviors of bistable smart beams with different geometric configurations. The model delineates a beam bonded with a segmented piezoelectric material in the initial flat configuration. The smart beam is buckled into two stable shapes by edge shortening compression. A sudden change in transverse deflection during snap-through action of the buckled beam is stimulated by an extension of piezoelectric patch under electrical activation. The minimum potential energy principle associated with the Ritz and Lagrange multiplier method is utilized to predict shapes of the smart beam and the snapping-through critical voltage. Bordered Hessian is calculated to determine the stability of the shapes obtained. Size of the piezoelectric actuator is varied to search for the minimum critical electrical field. Experiments and finite element analyses are conducted to corroborate the computational results obtained from the model of the simply-supported smart beam. Comparisons among the different approaches reveal very good agreement in both mid-span displacements and snap-through voltages. Interestingly the lowest critical electrical field occurs when the piezoelectric patch covers around fifty to sixty percent of the beam platform area for both simply and clamped supported configurations. This model can give a very useful perspective in design of compliant structures with voltage control such as micro-switches, MEMS and other bistable beam mechanisms.
Keywords: bistable compliant mechanisms, piezoelectric material, smart beam, snap-through buckling
93 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0010 Design and Fabrication of Permanent Magnetic Bearings for Small Wind Turbines
C. Chantharasenawong, V. Junburanasiri, J. Sirichotirat, and B. Paowasant *
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 0869812238
Abstract This study aims to propose a design of thrust bearing for rural area electricity generation wind turbines which require low maintenance because of the lack of maintenance skills and tools. Moreover, wind turbines installed in off-grid areas in Thailand are always exposed to the natural elements, therefore typical thrust ball bearings are likely to require more frequent maintenances which defeats the purpose of such turbines. Using passive magnetic thrust bearing could overcome this issue because it operation is contactless. However, passive magnetic bearings are currently not commercially available in Thailand. This work proposes a prototype of passive magnetic bearing for a Savonius type vertical axis wind turbine whose mass is under 30kg and a power rating below 30W. The design used in this study consists of two parts, the flange and the housing. Permanent magnets are aligned in circular pattern in four rings, one in the flange, one in the housing and the other two use to lock the first two layers in place. The magnetic bearing performance is evaluated by comparing the wind turbine mechanical power output between when the system is with and without the magnetic bearing. A field test is conducted in Samutsakorn province near Tha Chin estuary near a shrimp farm with no tall trees and buildings within 300m. The mean wind speed is approximately 5 m/s. The passive magnetic bearing is able to stably levitate the wind turbine at high rotational speed and there is no contact between rotational parts and stationary parts so it is likely to require less frequent maintenance. The wind turbine without magnetic bearing is superior to the wind turbine with magnetic bearing in all tests. This is because axial vibration occur due to varying repulsive force from discrete magnet configuration. In order to improve the design, continuous magnet configuration may be used since it produces constant repulsive force. Keywords: Thrust Bearing, Magnetic levitation, Wind turbine
94 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0011 Parallel-axis gear design methodology for minimization of power loss and preliminary study of its effect on vibration characteristics
Kullapat Theerarangsarit and Chanat Ratanasumawong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330 Corresponding Author: Email : [email protected], Tel : +6689-889-0309
Abstract
Gear tooth strength is mainly considered in the gear design process to ensure the ability to transmit power at a specific operating condition. With the design process, various sets of gear parameters are probably selected to meet the tooth strength. However the efficiencies of various designed gears are different. Improper gear parameter selection probably makes the gear power loss increase significantly. In this paper, the design methodology to minimize gear power loss is presented. A spur gear selected from a gear catalog is used as the reference gear. Then several gears with various parameters but having the ability to transmit the same load are designed. The power losses of the designed and the reference gears are estimated by the sliding loss model, hence the minimum power loss gear is able to choose from the various designed gear. The effect on vibration characteristics is investigated by measuring the vibration attributed to various gears at the gearbox. The results show that to minimize gear power loss, module should be reduced, on the other hand pressure angle and face width should be increased to increase the loading capacity along with decreasing of gear power loss. The helical gear with smaller module than the reference gear is desired due to its capability to transmit load and low vibration. The meshing frequencies of the low power loss gear are slightly higher than the reference gear due to the reduction of the module.
Keywords: gear design, power loss, vibration, minimization
95 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0012 Observation of Fracture Phenomena in an AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet at Room Temperature
Masahiro Okawa1, 2*, Shigeki Mori2, and Akito Takasaki3
1 Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Koto-ku, 1358548 Tokyo, Japan 2 Plastic Forming Engineering Unit, Polytechnic University of Japan, Kodaira-shi, 1870035 Tokyo, Japan 3 Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Koto-ku, 1358548 Tokyo, Japan * E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: +80-42-346-7841, Fax Number: +80-42-344-5609
Abstract Although Mg alloy sheets are press-formed primarily by a warm forming method, room temperature forming is desired considering the hazards of machining magnesium, deterioration of the lubricants, and energy saving issues. This study investigates the effect of the rolling direction when performing tensile tests and deep drawing experiments. An in-plane compression jig for commercially available AZ31B-O Mg alloy was developed to observe the state when the fracture occurs, and an experiment was conducted. It was observed that the outermost periphery of the flange fractured due to simple compression. The drawability indices, i.e., the tensile strength and n and r values, were 268 MPa, 0.23, and 2.01, respectively, exhibiting larger values than equivalent to those of pure aluminum (A1100P). The elongation to failure is comparatively higher for the case of 45° relative to the rolling direction. In the deep drawing of the Mg alloy, because its the limit drawing ratio (LDR) was smaller at approximately 1.5, the deep drawability test cannot be evaluated using the n-value, r-value, or tensile strength, which are the typical parameters for evaluating the acceptability of the deep drawability. An in-plane compression test was conducted on the Mg alloy sheets to obtain the stress-strain curves. These curves indicated that the sheets became plastic at 130 MPa and fractured at 400 MPa. The stress-strain curves verified that the energy up to the point of fracture was lower for in-plane compressive deformation than for uniaxial tensile deformation. Thus, the flange portion was prone to fracture due to compressive deformation. The 30° position relative to the rolling direction was found to be the most vulnerable region against compression. Additionally, the tendency was similar to that in the preceding experiment where the external periphery of the flange was confirmed to fracture at approximately 30° during the deep drawing process.
Keywords: magnesium alloy sheet, sheet metal forming, drawing, fracture locations, in-plane compression test.
96 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0013 Computation of Interfacial Area and Mean Residence Time of Two-Immiscible-Liquid Mixing in a Spinning Disc Reactor
Pichaya Sompopskul1,*, Suttichai Assabumrungrat2, and Sompong Putivisutisak1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand 2 Center of Excellence in Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 089-208-8536
Abstract This work studies the mixing of two immiscible liquids in a spinning disc reactor which offers several promising advantages over conventional reactors. A commercial CFD code was used for simulation of the mixing to investigate the effect of various operating parameters. The rotating speed and liquid flow rate were varied to emulate some operational cases. The interfacial area between two immiscible liquids, 4.97×10-3 to 6.35×10-2 m2, and the residence times of each liquid in the range of 0.5 to 3.4 seconds were obtained. Also, it was found that the rotating speed has to be maintained in the appropriate range of speed during operation. Immoderately low and high speeds can cause abnormal mixed liquid film characteristics, which are not preferred for the spinning disc reactor. Keywords: spinning disc reactor, residence time, thin film, immiscible liquid, multiphase flow.
97 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0014 Quality Assurance in Recording and Processing of Force Calibration Data with Machine Vision Technology
S. Heamawatanachai1,*, and K. Chaemthet2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand 2 National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected] , [email protected] Tel: 6655 964238
Abstract This paper presents a method for recording and processing of force calibration data using machine vision technology. The developed system is composed of a camera, a computer and software developed for the purpose. The system is used to capture the image of digital displays of load cell indicators during calibration. The images are translated to numbers using optical character recognition (OCR) to obtain calibration data. These images, together with the data, are saved to memory for further processing to issue the calibration certificate. There were 3 categories of experiments in this study to verify the performance of the system when calibrating a load cell. First, verifying the performance of the character recognition software by reading measurement data from 4 different models of indicator devices connected to load cells. Second, testing the versatility of the system when used under various conditions such as different room illuminance or different distances, and, third, verify the performance of the system when used in full calibration experiments in accordance with ISO 376. The experimental results reveal that the system is easy to operate and accurately reads data from the 4 models of force measuring instruments. The system was also versatile enough to be used under various conditions. The full calibration experiments on the force proving instrument gave 100% accurate results in recording and processing. This machine vision system can be efficiently used for recording and processing of force calibration data to assure the quality of the calibration process.
Keywords: Force Calibration; Quality assurance; Machine vision; OCR; ISO 376.
98 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0015 A study on Tolerance Design for Parallel Link Robots based on Mathematical Model
Ryo Takematsu1,*, Wiroj Thasana2, Koji Iwamura3, Yoshitaka Tanimizu1, and Nobuhiro Sugimura3
1 Graduate school of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan 2 Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 10250, Thailand 3 Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. +81722549211
Abstract The objective of this research is to establish a mathematical model which is applicable to tolerance designs for parallel link robots based on tolerances of the components. Recently, 3-dimensional CAD/CAE systems are widely applied and design works has become complicated. Therefore, tolerance design of products is becoming more difficult and complicated. The proposed method provides us with systematic method to design the geometric tolerances and dimensional tolerances of the components, under the constraints of kinematic motion accuracy. Keywords: Tolerance Design, Geometric Tolerance, Dimensional Tolerance, Modeling
99 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0016 Multiobjective optimization of wind turbine blades – performance evaluation of some optimizers
Wittawus Chompoobud 1, Sujin Bureerat 2, and Nantiwat Pholdee 1,*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. *Corresponding Author, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract In this paper, a comparative study of multiobjective meta-heuristics (MOMHs) for optimum design of a wind turbine blade with shape and size design variables is presented. The design problem is posed to maximize annual energy production and minimize energy cost. Aerodynamic analysis of a horizontal-axis wind turbine is achieved by using the standard numerical method, blade element momentum theory. Total lift and drag coefficients are calculated by using the XFOIL program. Several well established MOMHs are used to solve the design problem. The results obtained from several MOMHs are compared based on the hypervolumn indicator. Based on this study, the performance of several MOMHs on solving optimization of a wind turbine blade is investigated and the optimum design is obtained. Keywords: Multiobjective Evoluationary optimization, Wind Turbine Blades design, Meta-heuristics, Blade element momentum theory
100 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0017 Enhancing hardness and tribological characteristics of amorphous Cr-C films deposited in the baths without and with addition of cations
Nguyen Van Tai1, and Nguyen Van Cuong1,*
1 College of Engineering Technology - Can Tho University, Campus II - 3/2 Street, Can Tho City, VietNam * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: +84 9 89909034, Fax Number: +84 710 3831151
Abstract Effects of the addition of different cations (i.e., Na+, Mg2+) added in the Cr(III) bath at different ionic strengths (from 7.00 to 10.75) on the structure, composition and hardness of Cr-C films were investigated in this work. Direct current cathodic polarization (CP) was used to understand the effect of the cations on the mechanism of Cr (III)-electrochemical deposition in the baths with and without the addition of abovementioned cations. Results showed that the amount of bubbles in the Cr-C coatings obtained in the baths with addition of Na+ and Mg2+ reduced significantly while the ionic strengths increased from 7.00 to 10.75. The coating structure was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD); the results indicated that the deposits belonged to amorphous structure in the presence of cations added in the baths such as Na+ and Mg2+. The examination by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) showed that the deposits had a composition of metallic Cr, Cr-C, and Cr(III) oxides. The hardness and wear resistance of the deposits may be sufficiently enhanced in the baths added with Na+ or Mg2+ in comparison with those in the bath without addition of cations. The hardness of Cr-C films in the baths containing Na+ or Mg2+ ion reached the values of 1200 to 1300 HV; meanwhile, that value obtained in the free-bath was from 850 to 950 HV. Keywords: cations; electrodeposition; hardness; trivalent chromium.
101 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0018 Feasibility of sensor-feedback phase control to suppress self-excited chatter in cylindrical grinding
Kiyoshi Yanagihara1,*, Kensuke Tsuchiya2
1 National Institute of Technology, Ariake College. Higashi Hagio-machi 150,Omuta-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 836-8585, Japan 2 Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan * Kiyoshi Yanagihara: [email protected], Tel & Fax+81-944-53-8864,Telephone
Abstract Self-Excited Chatter Phenomenon is often seen in finishing process of cutting. This is caused by that the phase difference between inner-modulation and outer-modulation meets the natural frequency of system stiffness between tool and work-piece. Therefor one of the solutions to suppress the self-excited chatter is to control phase difference by means of speed-control between tool and work-piece. It, however, is never clarified whether the method of speed-control between tool and work-piece is effective in grind process as well. Thus in order to confirm whether the speed control is effective not only in cutting but also in grinding, a cylindrical grinding system with sensor feed-back has been developed. The system can control the rotational speed of work-piece while detecting the displacement of arbor with work-piece. Meanwhile to bring about self-excited chatter in every grinding experiment, computer simulation is executed, and the work-peace to obtain primary-mode vibration in experiment easily is designed. After the basic system working is confirmed, grinding experiment for self-excited chatter control is executed. The experimental results show the system is feasible and triangle-speed control is effective not in cutting but also in grinding. Keywords: Grinding, Vibration, Control, Sensor, Surface
102 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0019 The study of melt growth temperature for synthesizing NdEuGd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor
A. Wongsatanawarid 1*, S. Pinmangkorn 1, K. Inoue2, M. Miryala 2, M. Murakami2
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachautid Rd. Bangmod Thungkru Bangkok, 10140, Thailand 2 Superconducting Materials Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu Koto-ku Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
Abstract Recently, bulk superconductors are widely fabricated due to the fact that materials exhibit various attractive properties, such as zero electrical resistance, stable levitation effect, very high magnetic field trapping and so on. The bulk superconductors are synthesized mainly in RE-Ba-Cu-O with melt texture growth process. The RE is a single element of rare earth, for example, Yttrium, Samarium, Gadolinium, Neodymium, and etc. A modern technique for melt texturing growth process is used with seed crystal placed on the top surface either in room temperature or hot seeding during the melt process. Scientists and Materials engineer are pursuing the better quality of bulk superconductor every day. However, only single RE element in barium cuprate system is not enough, then ternary rare earth elements bulk superconductors are therefore developed in barium cuprate system that exhibits superior properties, for instance, critical current density, and magnetic field trapped ability in comparison to single RE materials. However, the melt processing conditions for a large single domain of ternary bulk superconductor are undergoing study. The homemade initial powders of (Nd0.33Eu0.33Gd0.33)Ba2Cu3O7-y (NEG-123) and (Nd0.33Eu0.33Gd0.33)2BaCuO5 (NEG-211) were synthesized. The powders were mixed of NEG-123:NEG- 211 for 10:4 molar ratio. The well mixed powders were pressed uni-axially to a cylindrical shape of 20 and 30 mm. in diameter at about 100 MPa. The optimal melting temperature was studied at 1060, 1070, and 1080°C. The slow cooling rate was fixed at 0.3°C /h. Following the melt growth process, an MgO [100] seed crystal was used and placed on the top surface of bulk precursor before it was subjected to the box furnace melting in air at atmospheric pressure. In this work, we successfully fabricated a single domain NEG-Ba-Cu-O bulk with optimum melting temperature. After the melt growth process, a bulk sample was chosen to observe for growth morphology following by M-H hysteresis measurement using Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) with Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer under cryogenic temperature. This research is therefore under collaboration of university in Thailand and Japan especially for advance measuring system. The sample demonstrated critical current density of 70,000 A/cm2 at 10K.
Keywords: Ternary bulk superconductor, NEG-Ba-Cu-O, Top seed melt growth, Critical current density
103 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0020
Development of Mechanical Properties of Softwood using Microwave Drying
Ratthasak Prommas 1 *, Sopida Sungsoontorn 1 and Thaweesak Rungsakthaweekul 2
1 Department of Machanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, 96 Mu 3 Phutthamonthon Sai 5 Rd., Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand. 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Wangklaikhangwon Campus,Phetkasem Rd., Nongkae, Hua-Hin, Prachuabkhirikhan, 77110, Thailand. * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. +66 2 889 4585-7 ext. 2675, Fax +66 2 889 4585-7 ext. 2621.
Abstract The use of softwood has to be increased over hardwood due to its properties, characteristics and mostly availability. The wood industry has been using various drying methods to develop the properties in the wood. To reduce the drying time, microwave heating method was used in this experimental work because of its less drying time and uniform heating. In this study, para rubber wood was dried to pre- determined moisture content using microwave heating in conventional microwave oven. The heating was done at three different heating power and variation in the mechanical properties was observed. The results for compression test along the grains, perpendicular to the grains and for bending strength were compared for the different power settings. A different pattern in the variation of wood properties were observed with respect to the power. Keywords: Microwave heating, softwood, drying time, compressive strength, bending strength.
104 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0021
Development of direct forming of metal type friction material by thermal spraying
Keiji SONOYA Department of mechanical engineering, University of Yamanashi 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan [email protected]
Abstract The properties of sprayed coatings were compared with that of metal type sintered friction material. And the production trial examination was done. The ability of application the thermal sprayed friction to actual equipment was assessed. The results are as follows. (1)The properties such as hardness, adhesive strength, erosion property, aggression to partner material, of thermal sprayed coating were similar to metal type sintered material. (2) In the production trial examination, the coefficient of static friction of sprayed coating③ is equal to that of metal type sintered material, and the coefficient of dynamic friction of sprayed coating③ is a little lower than that of metal type sintered friction material. (3)It is recognized that the friction material formed by thermal spraying can be applied to actual equipment.
Keywords: Thermal spraying, Metal type sintered friction material, Adhesive strength, Coefficient of friction, Aggression to partner material
105 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0022
The Effect of Material Factors on Bearing Life
Sukit Deeyiengyang1, Koji Ueda2 and Nobuaki Mitamura2
1 Asia Pacific Technology Centre/NSK Ltd., 700/430 Moo7, Amata Nakorn I.E., Chonburi, 20000, Thailand 2 Core Technology R&D Center/NSK Ltd., 1-5-50, Kugenuma-Shinmei, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Pref., 251-8501, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66-38-454-631, +66-38-454-634
Abstract We have investigated material technologies used to extend bearing life. Generally, flaking in rolling bearings can be classified into several types based on their failure mechanisms. However, flaking in rolling bearing can mainly be categorized into three, namely subsurface originated, surface originated and white structure flaking. Subsurface originated flaking can occur under clean lubrication condition. Surface originated flaking can occur under contaminated lubrication condition. White structure flaking is observed in specific applications. We have investigated material factor that are affected by each failure mechanism of bearings and proposed technologies for each failure mechanism. This newly proposed material technologies can be used to extend bearing life. Keywords: rolling contact fatigue, bearing life, surface and subsurface originated flaking, white structure flaking
106 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 AMM0023
107 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0001 Particle Simulation on Human Epidermal Aging - Effect of Basal Layer and Cell Division Rate -
Takeshi Kurihara1 and Katsuya Nagayama1,*
1 Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel&Fax 81-948-29-7778
Abstract Wrinkles and freckles appear on people due to aging and, as such, affect their appearance. The epidermis is the outermost layer of a human’s skin, and epidermal conditions can be diagnosed from it in order to provide appropriate care. Recently, those interested in anti-aging treatments have paid greater attention to the aging of the epidermal layer. The epidermis consists of four different layers. In particular, the basal layer, which is at the bottom of epidermis, has an undulating structure. This undulation is associated with aging: undulations in the basal layer become flat when the epidermis ages. However, the mechanisms between the aging process and the basal layer have not yet been made clear because it is difficult to directly observe the skin’s basal layer. In order to investigate long- term skin formation, we created a model that simulates actual skin. Our model can analyze the epidermis while including undulations in the structure of the basal layer. In order to test this, we set conditions for the number of basal cells and the basal cell division rate so as to simulate aging and young epidermises. In the case of aging epidermises, the number of basal cells was fewer and the basal cell division rate was lower than for young skin. As a result of this analysis, the characteristics of aging skin were found.
Keywords: Numerical Simulation, Particle Model, Aging, Basal Layer, Cell Division
108 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0002 3D Particle Simulation of Liver Cell Proliferation with Angiogenesis -Whole Hepatic Lobule Formation-
Shinya Ogawa1, Katsuya Nagayama1*, Nana Shirakigawa2* and Hiroyuki Ijima2*
1 Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan 2 Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel&Fax 81-948-29-7778
Abstract The liver is the organ primarily responsible for our metabolism and loss of its function generally results in death. Luckily, the liver has a high regenerative ability. However, the mechanism of its regeneration has not yet been clarified. This study therefore models liver regeneration via a numerical simulation. In addition, this simulation may aid other experiments in the field of regenerative medicine. As a first step, this study proposes an analytical model based on the particle method. The analysis object is a hepatic lobule. The purpose of this analysis is to elucidate the process, mechanism, and condition of cell growth on the micro-scale. Experiments using rats were conducted to obtain the parameters for the model, namely the diffusivity, oxygen concentration, and oxygen consumption rate of a cell. The most difficult to solve problem in liver cell proliferation technology is the restricted volume in which cells survive owing to oxygen supply problems. It is therefore necessary to extend the cell survival volume by angiogenesis. Here, results were generated using a model of angiogenesis in which blood vessels formed from the portal veins to a central vein, with repeated branching and connecting across the whole of the liver. In this way a hepatic lobule was filled with liver cells. Additionally, the analysis results yielded the rates of the cross sectional areas of the blood vessels. This research further aims to analyze the macro region by using analysis results obtained on the micro-scale. Applying the thresholds which is the most closed to the experimental value obtained from analysis results on the micro-scale to the macro region, it becomes available to curtail expenses and be kind to animals in the liver experiments.
Keywords: particle simulation, liver cell proliferation, angiogenesis
109 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0003 Design and Development of a Robotic System for Lower Limb Rehabilitation
Trinnachoke Eiammanussakul, and Viboon Sangveraphunsiri*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Phya Thai Road, Khwaeng Wangmai, Khet Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand * Corresponding Author Email: [email protected], Tel: 0-2218-6610-1, Fax: 0-2252-8889
Abstract This paper presents a robotic system for lower limb rehabilitation of patients who suffered from muscle weakness. The system is a stationary based type which aims to provide various kinds of exercises in sitting position. The rehabilitation is done by an exoskeleton robot with three degrees of freedom: hip, knee, and ankle joints. To operate the wearable robot safely, the joint actuation is carefully designed and passive control algorithm is developed. The balance mechanism is also included in the system to reduce actuator size and transmission ratio. The control interface is developed for ease of use and flexibility of operation. Some preliminary experiments are conducted to study the feasibility of the robotic system for the rehabilitation tasks.
Keywords: robotic system, lower limb rehabilitation, muscle weakness
110 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0004 Heat Transfer Behavior and Physiological Effects of Living Human Skin under Local Radiative Thermal Stimulation
A. Yoshida1* and S. Kinoshita1
1 Dept. Mechanical Eng., Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. +81-72-254-9228, Fax +81-72-254-9231
Abstract In order to develop a moxibustion treatment device that can heat appropriately by radiation while lowering the risk of burning by the moxa, a local radiative heating device for skin was fabricated and the unsteady response of the skin surface and internal temperature during infrared radiative heating were evaluated based on subjective experiments and numerical analysis. Because it was necessary to perform non-contact temperature measurements of the heated surface to control the heat, methods of evaluating and correcting the impact on measurement precision were studied. The study clarified that as skin was heated, the skin surface temperature rose, and the blood flow speed around the heated part increased. A local thermal sensation corresponded to the increase. Absorption of radiation by skin occurred only near the surface, so it was concluded that a useful way to effectively heat skin, was to set a certain temperature as the upper limit of the surface temperature, and lower the heat when this temperature has been reached, wait for the heat to penetrate more deeply, then restart heating.
Keywords: Radiative heating, Biological heat transfer, Physiological response, Numerical analysis, Subjective experiment.
111 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0005 Numerical Simulation of Alveolar Bone Regeneration and Angiogenesis - Trabecular Bone Formation -
Yoshihisa Fukuda1, Katsuya Nagayama1* and Masato Matsuo2,*
1 Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan 2 Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel&Fax 81-948-29-7778
Abstract In clinical regenerative medicine, circulation of the blood is essential for nutrient supply. In recent studies, “how to attract blood vessels for regeneration part" is important. Further, PRP (wound healing promoter) has attracted attention to be applied, the effect prediction is desired. In this study, we build a simulator to predict the interaction with the angiogenesis in alveolar bone regeneration and aim to be applied to the clinical regenerative medicine.
In addition, the bone has been found to have a self-adjusting capability of functionally adapting to relative change in the mechanical environment. Bones as well as other biological tissue, always do dynamical remodeling to keep homeostasis. However, the bone formation mechanism has a lot of unclear points. Therefore, first we build a dynamic factor model. Second we reproduce the functional adaptation characteristics of the bone to the mechanical stimulation by computer simulation. Finally we contribute to the elucidation of the bone formation mechanism.
By interaction with angiogenesis, calcium is transported in the analysis area. Calcium is a growth factor of bone. For mechanical factors, the strain energy, affecting the strength and structure, is a growth factor of bone. In this analysis model, the strain energy and calcium are growth factors of bone. In addition, we incorporate the transmission of mechanical signals in this model. Then we perform a bone formation analysis by solving the time evolution and spatial regulation of bone density at the same time.
We did bone formation analysis by coupling angiogenesis model and dynamic factor model. Moreover, we evaluated qualitatively the model by comparing analysis image and actual image. We are mainly going to do quantitative evaluation for analysis model, and investigate the interaction between the angiogenesis and dynamic factor in bone formation.
Keywords: numerical analysis, angiogenesis, bone regeneration
112 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0006
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113 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0007 The Pedicle Screw Parameters Inserted Cervical Spine Affect Stress Transfer Parameter (STP)
Supagorn Ritddech1, Promtpong Anuchitchanchai2,*, Kitti Aroonjarattham2, Chompunut Somtua1,3 and Panya Aroonjarattham1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand, 73170 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10170 * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Tel: 66-3839-4850
Abstract The pedicle screw fixation was used to fix the cervical spine for the patient, who had cervical disc problem to return the normal life. The screw has many characteristics and sizes such as outer diameter, core diameter, proximal root radius, distal root radius, pitch and thread width affect the pullout strength of pedicle screw when inserted in the patient. This study aims to compare the pullout strength of the popular nine pedicle screws fixation inserted eight Thai cervical spines (C3) by stress transfer parameter (STP). The three-dimensional finite element models were developed to investigate the failure behavior of the bone during the screw pull out and the effect of screw’s parameters. The equivalent von Mises stress was calculated by use the stress transfer parameter to compare the pullout strength of the nine cervical screws. The result showed the TSRH I was the best of pedicle screw when inserted in cervical spine (C3) from stress transfer parameter analysis to resist the pullout force. The large outer diameter and core diameter were the main cause of the high pullout strength. Keywords: Pedicle Screw Parameter, Cervical Spine and Stress Transfer Parameter.
114 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0008 Evaluation of Stress Transfer Parameter from Pedicle Screw Parameters by Artificial Neural Network
Chotpisit Pojawanit1, Prompong Anuchitchanchai2,*, Kitti Aroonjarattham2, Chompunut Somtua1,3 and Panya Aroonjarattham1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom Thailand 73170 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi Thailand 20131 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok 10170, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Tel: 66-3839-4850
Abstract The parameters of bone screw were the main effect to von Mises stress distribution on the screw that involved stress transfer to the surrounding bone. A dimensionless stress transfer parameter was an indicator ranking the performance of pedicle screw, was found by the ratio of stress distribution on the screw and the bone. Finite element analysis (FEA) was a popularly tool to analyze the stress distribution on the screw and the bone but it took for a long time. Artificial neural network (ANN) was an alternative method to solve the stress distribution on the bone-implant by learning data from finite element analysis, was used a short time to analyze. This research aims to use the artificial neural network to predict the stress transfer parameter. Transfer function and number of neurons were varied to analyze the best result of stress transfer parameter. From the result, the nonsymmetrical model was hardly to found the relationship that shown the statistical indicators as RMSE = 0.506 and MAPE = 15.096%. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Pedicle Screw, Stress Transfer Parameter
115 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0009 The Stress Distribution on Pedicle Screw Fixation System Inserted Cervical Spine
Sansana Dhubkaen1, Kitti Aroonjarattham2,*, Promtpong Anuchitchanchai2, Chompunut Somtua1,3 and Panya Aroonjarattham1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand, 73170 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10170 * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Tel: 66-3839-4850
Abstract The screw fixation system was used to fix and share the load from equal or greater than two cervical spines, removed the intervertebral disc. The rod, was connected to the pedicle screw had share the load transfer from the bone. This research aims to evaluate the von Mises stress distribution on pedicle screw system, was fix between C3 to C5 and C4 to C6 that removed the intervertebral disc between C4 and C5 under the axial loading and the moment with flexion and extension to the superior on C3 vertebra. The result was shown the maximum von Mises stress on the pedicle screw system fix at C3 to C5 spine 59.62 MPa under flexion condition and fix at C4 to C6 spine 84.86 MPa under flexion condition. The maximum von Mises stress occurred at the first thread of upper pedicle screws in all cases. The surgeon should be inserted the first screw of pedicle screw system over the cervical spine without intervertebral disc to reduce the maximum von Mises stress 29.74%. Keywords: Pedicle Screw Fixation, Screw Fixation System and Cervical Spine.
116 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0010
Development of 3-Milling Head CNC Machine for Insole Manufacturing
Pongpun Watasuntonpong1*, Monsak Pimsarn1, Chakarin Primdach1 and Akapot Tantrapiwat1
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand, 10520 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66987959368
Abstract Currently, ulcerations on the plantar surface in the diabetic or foot tendon inflammation patients can be healed with non-surgical treatment using customized insoles. Nowadays, in Thailand, the customized insoles (CI) or orthotic footwear were manufactured by thermal vacuum forming method. In 2011 and 2014, Monsak and Pongpun proposed a custom-made insoles manufacturing[1,2] using the 1-milling head CNC machine to engrave CI. But this is still rather time-consuming. Thus, in this research, the 3-milling head CNC machine for insole manufacturing were proposed and developed. The developed machine consists of the in house CAM software and 3-milling head CNC machine. The 3-milling head tools can be simultaneously operated or can be chosen for 1, 2 or 3-milling head at a time. In order to justify the efficacy of 3-milling head CNC machine, two study cases are experimentally carried out. First, the three simple models were manufactured using the 3-milling head CNC machine and 1-milling head tool. After that, the dimensions of milled models were compared and it was found that they were in good agreement. In the last study case, using the 3-milling and 1-milling head CNC machines, the CIs were manufactured to compare the manufacturing time and the dimensions. The obtained results indicated that the 3-milling head CNC machine can decrease the manufacturing time and the dimension data of workpieces were in good agreement. Keywords: custom-made insoles, orthotic footwear, CNC machine
117 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0011 Impacts of cold atmospheric plasma on oleic acid
N.T. Quyen1*, P. Opaprakasit1, T. Traikool2, T. Onjun 2
1 School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand 2 School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66989450228.
Abstract Impacts of atmospheric plasma on chemical bonding in oleic acid are investigated. Oleic acid was exposed to a plasma generated either from a DBD device and a plasma jet devides. For the DBD plasma treatment, 0.5 ml oleic acid was dropped on a plate and treated by direct atmospheric exposion plasma for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes or 180 minutes. For the plasma jet, an air-base plasma jets was generated and directly flow into 50ml oleic acid for 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 180 minutes. Oleic acid droplets tended rapprochement after treatment, implying that oleic acids hygroscopicity increases. Attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR- FTIR) was employed to analyze the absorption of different bonding after treatment. The noteworthy results show that the reduce of double bond C=O in carboxylic acid group at peak 1780-1700 cm -1 was found. In addition, an increase -1 of C=C bonding at peak 1640- 1620 cm was found. Moreover, the absorption of C-O, CH, CH2, CH3 also change. It suggested that the atmostpheric plasma can effect double bond in oleic acid, resulting in the formation of esters, ethers and probably polymerization.
Keywords: DBD plasma, Plasma jet, oleic acid, ozonolysis.
118 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0012 The Experimental Study of Lab-on-a-Chips for Sheep Blood
Anchasa Pramuanjaroenkij 1,*, Jatupol Jankwan 1, Penpian Noykuam 1, Arkom Khammai 1, Kannika Wongpanit 2, Thitima Maturos, Tanom Lomas3 , Adisorn Tuantranont3 and Babaros Cetin4
1 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand 2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand 3 Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand 4 Microfluidics & Lab-on-a-chip Research Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
* Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. +6642725033, Fax. +6642725034
Abstract This study focused on two types of lab-on-a-chips (LOCs). The first type; called the reusable Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) LOC, was studied to pivote on problems in fabricating it from the literature and improving its performance; less leakage and less analysis time. The reusable PDMS LOC was casted by using the silicon wafer mold. This experimental study also concentrated on fabricating a new PDMS LOC which was casted on the stainless steel mold imported from Bilkent University, Turkey. The stainless steel mold was sketched by CAD program and machined by high-precision CNC; the stainless steel mold was absolutely different from the silicon wafer one. The leakage problem of the reusable LOC; which was sandwiched by H-acrylic plates, was solved by sticking a tape on PDMS. The hydrophobic behavior of both LOC channels were solved by flowing the bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution before the biological sample was injected. From results obtained by applying the biological sample, sheep blood, on the reusable LOC and adjusting the electrical voltages from 1 volt to 10 volts at 200 Hz constant electrical frequency, we found that the red blood cells (RBCs) moved to the positive electrode at 2 volts, the RBCs started gathering at 3 volts, the RBCs flowed slowly and viscously from 5 volts to 9 volts and the sample stopped flowing because the RBCs were dried at 10 volts. From results obtained by applying the biological sample on the new LOC and adjusting the electrical voltages at 0 volt, 1 volt and 5 volt, we found that the sample flow without the electrical potential (0 volt) was slower than the flow with the 1-volt electrical potential but the flow was stopped when the electrical potential at 5 volts was applied. So the new LOC could prove that it could be used with the sheep blood; within the 1- volt electrical potential. From this study, the new LOC showed its potential to be developed continuously with the help of Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, Thailand National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, and Microfluidics & Lab-on-a-chip Research Group, Bilkent University. Keywords: PDMS LOC, Sheep Blood, Lab-on-a-Chip
119 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0013
Plantar Pressure Evaluation using Harris Foot Mat
Thossaporn Kaewwichit
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand [email protected], +66 2 555-2000 ext. 6438
Abstract Harris mat footprint is a simple mechanical device which offer the potential to measure and record foot pressure pattern and foot indexes in qualitative data that left an inked print on the paper. In this study, the image-based rapid pressure-measuring system was applied to evaluated the foot pressure in quantify data from the mat. The results were compared with a commercial pressure platform and existing image-base pressure measuring system in percentage disparity (PD). The comparison of the evaluation results of the mat to the commercial pressure platform showed maximum PDs of 10.49%, -29.11% and 25.92% at forefoot, mid-foot and heel, respectively. For overall, the experimental results of the mat using the image-base pressure measuring system showed close relationship to the commercial pressure platform and better performance than the existing image-base pressure measuring system. In addition, some limitations also discussed for future work. Keywords: Harris foot mat, Image-based pressure measurement system, Plantar pressure.
120 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0014 Effect of braces’ mini–screw and lever arm position on tooth movement
R. Graipaspong1, P. Thiengtrong1, S. Temprasertrudee1, V. Uthaisangsuk1,*, N. Charoenworaluck2, and N. Ruenpol2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand 2 Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Rangsit, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 088-012-9473
Abstract An optimum position of mini-screw and height of lever arm in en-masse maxillary anterior teeth retraction of 2 premolar extractions for orthodontic purposes were determined in this work. Both experimental investigation by using a typodont model and finite element analysis were carried out. Four combinations of miniscrew and lever arm at various heights representing different force directions, namely, 3-3, 5-5, 7-7 and 9-9 mm related to the archwire, were examined. Then, rotation of teeth was evaluated with regard to the difference between incisor edge movement and cervical line movement. The typodont experimental results showed that occurred rotation was small when the position of the mini- screw and lever arm became higher. It was also found that these higher positions led to larger bodily movement. However, the high miniscrew and lever arm position likely caused a root resorption, which should be considered in orthodontic treatment as well. In case of FE simulations, model geometries, force magnitudes and directions were defined similar to those in the experiments. It was observed that calculated bodily movement somewhat deviated from the experimental results. Nevertheless, tendency of the calculated teeth movements fairly agreed with those in other previous works. The FE analysis showed that the position 9-9 mm from bracket provided the lowest teeth rotation. Therefore, this position was supposed to be used as the center of rotation. Keywords: Mini-Screw / Bodily Movement / Center of Rotation / Intrusion / Typodont Model
121 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0015 3D Computer Model of Blood flow in the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft with Different Anastomotic angles
Satiraporn Koksungnoen, Patcharaporn Wongchadakul and Phadungsak Rattanadecho*
Center of Excellence in Electromagnetic Energy Utilization in Engineering (C.E.E.E.) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract In the present, a Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most vital diseases that caused by atherosclerosis that builds a plaque on an arterial wall called atherosclerotic plaque. Stenosis vessel blood is made by an atherosclerotic plaque leading to a breaking wall arteries and the effective way to cure this disease is a surgical treatment, a coronary artery bypass graft. The bypass grafted helps blood to flow conveniently, this is the main idea behind this work. However, trends of patients who have to repeat the surgery are growing up because of a failure of implanted bypass graft such as a different of a physical structure of artery, the blood rheological behavior, and distribution of wall shear stress. In this study, the analysis of blood flow phenomena and wall shear stress in the stenosed coronary artery bypass graft is based on three-dimensional computer model. The effects of different anastomotic angles of 45, 60 and 90 degree are investigated during no pulse and pulse situations. In the view of practical treatment, it is suggested the anastomotic angle of 45 degree is suitable for implement in a Coronary heart disease (CHD) problem. The results presented here can be used as the guidance for preplanning medical treatment. Keywords: bypass graft, 3D computer model, anastomotic angle, Newtonian, Pulse, blood flow, simulation
122 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0016
Using a Musculoskeletal Mathematical Model to Analyze Fatigue of the Muscles in the Lower Limbs during Different Motions
Kaito Watanabe1,*, Yuya Onodera1, Masaki Izawa1, Ayumi Takahashi2, and Kazuhito Misaji2
1 Graduate Student, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumityo, Narashino-shi, Chiba 2 College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumityo, Narashino-shi, Chiba * E-mail:[email protected], Tel.:+81-47-474-9692
Abstract Under the aim of finding effective rehabilitation solutions, the difference between the extents of fatigue of each muscle used in different motions are compared. Previous research suggested methods for estimating muscle torque and muscle tension on the basis of a musculoskeletal model. As a result, it has become possible to quantitatively identify the extent of fatigue in each muscle during motion. Therefore, to evaluate muscle fatigue more quantitatively, driving power and angular momentum are focused on. Based on the driving torque of joints and the muscle torque calculated by using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model, a method for calculating the driving power of joints and the angular momentum of a muscle is proposed. This method is applied to analysis of different motions. Moreover, fatigue of muscles is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of driving power and angular momentum. Keywords: angular momentum, driving power, driving torque, musculoskeletal model
123 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0017 CFD Analysis for Aerosol Transport Phenomena During Exhalation Through Nose
Takahisa Yamamoto1,*, Yoshiki Kobayashi2, Shunpei Shikano3, Masahiro Takeyama3, Mikiya Asako2, Hideki Yanada
1 Dept. Mech. Eng., National Institute of Technology Gifu College, 2236-2 Kamimakuwa, Motosu, 501-0495, Japan 2 Dept. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, 537-1191, Japan 3 Advanced Course for Electronic System Eng., National Institute of Technology Gifu College, 2236-2 Kamimakuwa, Motosu, 501-0495, Japan 4 Dept. of Mech. Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
* Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-58-320-1336, +81-58-320-1349
Abstract Aerosol medicine exhalation through the nose (ETN) is one of promising and comprehensive treatment methods for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ECRS) with asthma. In this treatment, the patient inhales aerosol of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) medicine from mouth using portable inhaler. Then a part of the aerosol still floats and remains in upper airway. When the patient exhales inhaled air through the nose, the aerosol is effectively transported on the walls of middle meatus and olfactory fissure. The mechanism of how ETN improves ECRS with asthma is still controversial even though ETN gets a lot of attention as a treatment method for ECRS with asthma. This study performed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis for the transport phenomena of aerosol medicine during exhalation period in order to evaluate the curative effect of ETN numerically. A 75-years-old male, who had ECRS with asthma and a history of endoscopic sinus surgery, was selected as an analysis case in this study. A 3D anatomically accurate patient-specific model was reconstructed from the data obtained using multidetector CT scanner with medical imaging software package. The entire series was loaded into the software, and then the nasal-pharynx airway was identified in each of the axial images based on predefined threshold of 500 Housfield units relative to the surrounding tissue. The nasal-pharynx airway model was exported into CFD meshing software package to generate discrete volume cells. This study used both a Euler-Lagrange particle transport model for aerosol transport and a Large Eddy Simulation model for complex intranasal turbulent flow, which are able to account for the transient transport of mass and turbulent energy, and consequently, provides highly accurate predictions of the amount of flow separation under adverse pressure gradients. This study assumed that the condition of exhaling flow rate through nose indicial set at 15 l/min and 30 l/min, respectively. As a result of CFD analysis, ETN formed impinging flow toward upper wall of nasopharynx, subsequently complex swirl and circulation flow in the nasopharynx region. In addition, main flow of ETN passed upper region of nasal cavity. Such the tendencies affected on aerosol transport characteristics; a part of aerosol particles moved into ethmoindal sinuses. Total aerosol deposition amount during ETN depended on flow rate of exhalation. This tendency was more remarkable on the upper wall of nasopharynx. On the other hand, deposition rate of aerosol on the ethmoidal sinuses did not appear strong correlation with flow rate of exhalation. These results imply that the phenomena of aerosol transport and deposition during ETN has non-stationary characteristics strongly. In past researches concerning CFD analysis for intranasal aerosol transport, steady-state turbulent flow model had been applied as CFD model. New finding of this study is that unsteady turbulent model, similar to the LES turbulent model adopted in this study, is needed in the further investigation for ETN.
Keywords: eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, computational fluid dynamics, exhalation through nose
124 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0018 A study on hemodynamics changes in aorta-pulmonary artery system caused by patent ductus arteriosus
Shumpei Shikano1,*, Takahisa Yamamoto2, Ishkrizat Bin Taib3, Mohamad Ikhwan Bin Kori3, Kahar bin Osman3, Masahiro Takeyama1
1 Advanced Course of Electronic System Eng., National Institute of Technology Gifu College, 2236-2 Kamimakuwa, Motosu, Gifu, 501-0495, Japan 2 Dept. Mech. Eng., National Institute of Technology Gifu college, 2236-2 Kamimakuwa, Motosu, 501-0495, Japan 3 Faculuty of Biosciences & Medical Eng., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai, Johor,81310, Malaysia * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-58-320-1336, +81-58-320-1349
Abstract Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one of the congenital heart disease. The disease is characterized by hypoplasia of left atrium, mitral valve and aortic arch. In such the patient, blood flow balance is kept by patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) during unborn child. After birth, ductus arteriosus is naturally closed and then blood flow to lungs increase. This blood flow balance change causes various symptoms such as lungs hyperemia, polypnea, oliguria and shock state. In order to save the child patient some operations are required. The child patient undergoes the Norwood procedure and the Bidirectional Glenn procedure. Finally, Fontan procedure is performed to improve cardiopulmonary function. PDA stenting is recently performed to prevent ductus arteriosus opening state instead of the Norwood procedure and the Bidirectional Glenn procedure. This surgery is less burden to the patients compared with the conventional procedures. However, some clinical research has reported that PDA stenting causes thrombosis around ductus arteriosus. The detail mechanism why thrombosis is formed has not been clarified until now. It is necessary to unravel blood flow balance of aorta-pulmonary artery system in the state of PDA. The purpose of this study is to elucidate hemodynamics of aorta-pulmonary artery system and thrombus formation mechanism using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. PIV measurement has been developed as a calculation method for unsteady and instantenious flow characteristics using image analysis techniques. Fluid motion is visualized by tracer particle in fluid flow, and then is numericaly evaluated using digital image processing. Velocity field is calculated by computer using the processed data. The PIV apparatus in this study composes of a high speed camera (DITECT D71, 800fps), a laser light source (DITECT 3W green laser), tracer particles (DANTEC PSP 20μm) and aqueous glycerin solution as working fluid. A living-body model of aorta-pulmonary artery system was made from silicon lubber and it’s twice as large as the actual body scale. Liquid delivery pomps connected with both aorta and pulmonary artery inlets of the model. These flow rate are 0.650 (L/min) and 0.823 (L/min), respectively. From the results of PIV measurement, this study makes clear that there is no blood stagnation region in aroud PDA, and the main blood flow is formed toward the pulmonary artery from the aorta. In order to estimate the influence of PDA stent on blood flow characteristics aroud PDA. CFD analysis is performed using CFX ver.15 (ANSYS.Co). As for boundary condition of CFD analysis, inlet flow rates at the aorta and pulmonary artery were set at 4.89 (L/min) and 2.11 (L/min), respectively. Outlet boundary conditions were given pressure Neumman baoundary condition. Furthremore wall boundary was given no slip condition. Shear stress transport (SST) model was used as a Turbulent flow model. As results of CFD analysis, main blood flow is formed toward the pulmonary aretery from the aorta as same with PIV measurement. In addition, wall shear stress becomes smaller compared with blood flow without PDA stent. This characteristics is explained by that PDA stent induces turbulence of blood flow and then decreases velocity gradient near the blood vessel wall.
Keywords: computational fluid dynamics, particle image velocimetry, patent ductus arteriosus
125 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0019 Optimization of Injection from IDM Injector into Tissue Simulant by Respond Surface Method
Prachya Mukda, Wirapan Seehanam* and Kulachate Pianthong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubonratchathani, Thailand 34190 *Email: [email protected], Telephone: 045-353309, Fax: 045-353308
Abstract Jet injectors employ high-velocity liquid jets that directly penetrate into human skin and deposit drugs in the dermal or subdermal region. It is sometimes called needle-free jet injector. Although, jet injectors have been marketed for years, little knowledge about the interactions of high-speed jets with soft materials such as skin has been revealed. Therefore in this study use the new jet injector device which is constructed by impact driven method (IDM) or call that “IDM injector”. After that investigate optimization of injection by RSM which polyacrylamide gels is tissue stimulant as 0.22 MPa of Young’s modulus. Three main factorials for generate the jets of IDM injector as the reservoir pressure, fluid volume and travelling distance. Therefore, Response Surface Method (RSM) is software for experiment design to find optimization condition. The result show that, the reservoir pressure 12 bar, the fluid volume 0.2 ml and travelling distance 4 mm are the optimization main factorials provide the highest dispersion into the polyacylamide gels of 190 mm2. However, the control and accuracy of the IDM injector still need to be carefully investigated and improved.
Keywords: IDM injector, Polyacrylamide gels, Response Surface Method, Optimization.
126 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 BME0020 Hand Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients (HERSP)
Nateethorn Chanprasert, Siwakorn Toochinda, and Wittaya Wannasuphoprasit1*
1 Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 * E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Stroke is the second worldwide leading of death and leaves many survivors with upper limb motor impairment and several complications such as spasticity and muscle fatigue. The treatment methods nowadays are mostly provided in hospitals or rehabilitation centers. However, there are very few hospitals providing them, and due to the need of expensive rehabilitation devices, the recovery fee is relatively high. Thus, the rehabilitation program’s accessibility is quite low. This project presents a hand exoskeleton for rehabilitation of stroke patients (HERSP) with upper limb motor impairment designed to be suitable for all patients including those with muscle spasticity. The project HERSP provides path of motion with wide range of motion (ROM) and sufficient resistance for passive rehabilitation which solves spasticity. The device can be used to rehabilitate at home because of its lightweight. The project HERSP was tested in order to obtain the preliminary evaluation. The result shows that the ROM of fingers are over the ROM needed to perform gripping task, and the resistance force is enough to hold the patient’s hand in neutral position. Hence, this project makes it possible for stroke patients who can’t afford costly rehabilitation programs to do the rehabilitation tasks by themselves. Moreover, it provides users full ROM so it works perfectly as an exercising device for patients with muscle fatigue and those who need to improve grip strength. Keywords: Rehabilitation, Hand exoskeleton, Spasticity, Passive
127 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0001 Numerical Model of Spherical Storage Tank and Structural Strength Analysis
Thanunkorn T.1, and Chainarong S.2,
1,2 Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Phone: +66(0) 98 881 9740
Abstract This research is aim to study of the spherical pressure tank behavior in any operating condition due to the product changed. The finite element analysis technique is used to analyze the static and dynamic structural responses in terms of the stress distribution, deflection, and modal analysis of the tank. The design concept of such spherical pressure tank design is based on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers code, namely ASME Section VIII. Verification and approved of mechanical structural strength of existing tank shell and weld joint through the numerical model under various loading conditions using a finite element software. Keywords: Finite Element Method, Stress Analysis, Spherical Storage Tanks.
128 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0002 Numerical Investigation of Laser-Induced Thermotherapy in Human Tissue
Patcharaporn Wongchadaku1*, Phadungsak Rattanadecho1 and Teerapot Wessapan2
1 Center of Excellence in Electromagnetic Energy Utilization in Engineering (C.E.E.E.) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, 2 School of Aviation, Eastern Asia University, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Advance of laser in medical application has motivated the widespread to use of thermal to treat a wide variety of cosmetic dermatologic problem. This is also the well-known tool in the fight against the signs of ageing and the specifically technic which results in heating from the absorbed light energy. However, excessive laser irradiation can cause acute injuries if thermo-physiologic response to thermotherapy during laser irradiation is not well understood. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate on the laser- induced thermal effect in skin during laser irradiation. In this study, a transient thermal model based on unsteady bio-heat transfer equation coupled with Beer- Lambert’s law is developed and numerically solved. Then heat transfer in layered skin exposed to laser irradiation is analyzed. The effects of laser irradiation time, wavelengths and laser intensity on the temperature distributions in the layered skin during laser irradiation are systematically investigated. The obtained values provide an indication of limitations that must be considered during laser-induced thermotherapy in practical treatment.
Keywords: laser, irradiation, bioheat transfer, tissue, skin, thermotherapy
129 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0003
A Computational and Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of a Conical Hollow Shaped Impeller for Pump
Witthawat Sanghirun and Wanchai Asvapoositkul*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail, [email protected]
Abstract An experimental study of the performance of a conical hollow shaped impeller for pump has been carried out at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi. The conical hollow shaped impeller is an innovative design for pump. The pump is for agricultural use. The impeller is formed from a single sheet metal. The pump impeller diameter is 139 mm with 4 blades, truncated cone height (h) of 97.71 mm. The pump mid-span blade inlet and outlet angles are 2.73 and 12.74 degree, respectively. In this study, the flow patterns throughout the pump are visualized by numerical flow simulations (a commercial code: CFX). The comparison between CFD predictions and experiments are highlighted. The results showed that CFD can predict the flow patterns with accuracy for the model. The pump best efficiency point (BEP) gives efficiency of 39.54% at volume flow rate of 0.03 m3/s, head of 2.26 m and break power of 1.73 kW. The specific speed (Ns) of the pump is 2.48. The predicted performance by numerical was in good agreement with experimental results. The numerical simulation of pump can give a good significant to understand the pump flow phenomena, when the fluid enters into the impeller and receives the energy transfer by means of rotating blades. This revealed that the flow in the impeller was reversed and recirculated especially in base height (H) and impeller hub. These help significantly to understand the flow and to improve the design of a conical hollow shaped impeller for pump. Keywords: conical hollow shaped impeller, pump performance, CFD, flow patterns, JIS-pump test
130 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0004 Riding comfort Simulations and Analysis of forklift equipped with solid tires
Penpisut Saraithong*, Arisara Chaikittiratana, and Sawangtit Srikitsuwan
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract Solid tires are commonly used on forklifts in many industries. These forklifts occasionally work on rough surfaces and with no absorbers on their suspensions, vibrations during operations are inevitably prominent. Riding comfort, and consequently, long term health of the drivers are becoming increasingly concerned. Riding comfort is affected by vibrations during services and the characteristics of the solid tires used are one of the important influences. However, there are neither methods nor systems for accessing and analyzing the forklift’s riding comfort available in this country. The present work aims to develop a methodology for accessing the riding comfort of a forklift influenced by the equipped solid tires by means of the numerical simulations using MATLAB-Simulink program and the analyses of experimental data. The results obtained from such methodology can be used to compare the riding comfort affected by solid tires from different manufacturers and thus improvements on the quality of solid tires can be suggested.
Keywords: Forklifts, Solid tires, Riding comfort, MATLAB, Simulations
131 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0005
CFD Analysis of Thai-made Axial Flow Low-lift Pump
Noppong Sritrakul1*, and Teerasak Hudakorn1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Amphoe Muang Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand, 73000 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Telephone: +6634-257 218
Abstract Thai-made axial flow low-lift pumps (Tor-Payanak) are widely used in the agriculture sector of Thailand. Simple design, easy to move and low maintenance cost of this type of pump are prominent causing widely use in farms, vegetable gardens, orchards, and aquaculture farms. Thai-made axial flow low-lift pumps are suited for pumping water at low lift level, about 1-4 meters, with high capacity. Various designs of these pumps make different performance. Design for better performance and efficiency of axial flow low-lift pump requires knowledge and understanding of the mechanism of flow that occurs within the pump. The advance in computer science and fluid dynamics simulation techniques that can calculate faster and more accurately is used to simulate fluid flow behavior within the pump. The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to improve pump performance leads to reduce cost and time of design procedure. The investigation of the fluid flow field inside the axial flow low-lift pump was based on the Reynolds time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The k-ε turbulent flow model with the multiple reference frames technique was used to analysis. A pump with pipe diameter of 6 inch and 20 feet long was chosen as a case study. The simulation and experimental results were compared. The study revealed that simulation results were in fair agreement with the experimental results. However, the simulation results tended to overestimate the pump performance. The simulation of fluid flow field by CFD analysis gives an understanding of flow behavior within pump that will be beneficial to improve performance and efficiency of Thai-made axial flow low-lift pumps. This technique can give correction and accurate result in order to reduce both difficulty and cost of pump design procedure. Keywords: axial flow pump, Thai-made axial flow pump, Tor-Payanak , pump performance, CFD
132 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0006 Numerical Analysis of Water Infiltration and Heat Transfer in Rectangular Porous Packed Bed
Sauce Aksornkitti, Somsak Vongpradubchai and Phadungsak Rattanadecho*
Center of Excellence in Electromagnetic Energy Utilization in Engineering (CEEE.) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 99 moo 18, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +66-(0)-2564-3001 ext. 3153, fax: +66-(0)-2564-3010
Abstract
The characteristics of heat transfer and water infiltration in a rectangular porous packed bed due to supplied hot water are numerically study. The study is focus on the two-dimensional unsaturated flow in a porous packed bed column assuming local thermal equilibrium between water and solid matrix at any specific space. This numerical study described the dynamics of heat transfer and water infiltration in various testing conditions. Numerically, the influence of particle sizes on heat transfer and water infiltration during unsaturated flow is clarified in details. The results presented here can be basically used for analysis of numerous other applications (e.g. heat and water movement in the ground). Keywords: Water infiltration, Temperature distribution, Rectangular porous packed bed.
133 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0007
Behavior of Impurity in ITER using BALDUR code
Y. Onsa1,*, W. Buangam1, A. Wisitsorasak2, B. Somjinda1, and T. Onjun1
1School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand 2King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Phone: +6691-798-9009
Abstract
In this work, the behaviors of impurity in ITER plasma are predicted using the BALDUR code, which is used to carry out an evolution of plasma current, densities and temperature of ITER in type I ELMy H- mode scenarios. In these simulation, the plasma core transport that including ion and electron thermal, hydrogenic and impurity transport, are predicted using a linear combination of anomalous and neoclassical transports. An anomalous transport is calculated using a theory based Multimode (MMM95) model; while the neoclassical transport is calculated using NCLASS model. The temperature and density at the boundary are prescribed. Six species of impurity, including Lithium, Beryllium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Neon, are considered. The fusion power degradation is observed with the increase of impurity atomic mass, in which mainly due to the increase of plasma radiation loss.
Keywords: Plasma; Modeling; ITER; Impurity
134 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0008 One-dimensional CFD combustion modeling in porous media
Kittipass Wasinarom, Kasemsil Onthong, Dachdanai Boonchauy and Jarruwat Charoensuk*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail:[email protected],Tel. 0 2329 8350-1, Fax. 0 2329 8352
Abstract This article present the progress of in-house one-dimensional CFD combustion modeling in porous media development. Local non-equilibrium heat transfer between solid porous-matrix and fluid phase was coupled in both solid and fluid phase energy equation. Considering transport equation are mass, solid phase energy, fluid phase energy and fuel mass fraction. The kinetic rate was controlled by single step Arrhenius law. Current stage of the development is focusing on qualitative phenomena of the coupled heat flow mechanism in solid porous media and fluid phase. The comparison of flame stabilization of conventional gas phase combustion and combustion within inert porous media was carried out. A case study employing a set of simulation parameter in order to test couple stability and point out physical assessment on combustion in inert-porous media. It is revealed that 1.) Temperature of the solid porous matrix is raised up with non-thermal equilibrium along this region. 2.) Fluid and solid temperature are finally in equilibrium 3.) Heat was transfer from solid to fluid at the preheating zone 4.) Heat was transfer from fluid to solid at the reaction zone 5.) Heat conduction in porous media from the reaction zone back to preheating zone act as additional heat recirculation surplus from conventional combustion flame. The couple in stability has initiate at the last control volume which has negative value of fuel mass fraction. The negative value of fuel mass fraction will resulting in non-conservation of fuel in the domain on the next round of coupling process. The fuel check routine is add in the program to detect and correct the negative value of fuel mass fraction. The relaxation value of 0.001 for all conservation equation is need in order to allow couple stabilized until the convergence is achieved. Keywords: Porous media, Combustion, CFD
135 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0009 Investigation and Modelling of Energy Dissipation of Bulk Materials in Dustiness Testers using DEM
S. Wangchai*, D.B. Hastie and P.W. Wypych
School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract Dust generation occurs in many bulk material handling processes, including; during free fall, transport hubs of handling of bulk materials, granular material loading or unloading and impact on conveyor transfers or other materials. Dust can pose an air pollution problem in; communities, the environment, industry equipment and be hazardous to health. Dustiness testers are one method that can be used to measure the amount of dust generation. It is known that the energy will need to remove the mass of material from the surface at the particle impact condition. However, it is often difficult to calculate the amount of energy absorbed on the surface. This paper investigates the energy dissipation phenomenon of two materials, iron ore and coal with size range 2.0-6.3 mm diameter. The discrete element modelling (DEM) simulation of the material movement in the European Standard dustiness tester and the Australian Standard dustiness tester have been used to analyse the impact energy of bulk materials flow. Therefore, the DEM method was developed to simulate the energy dissipated of bulk materials during impact in the dustiness testers with these techniques and details of the modelling are presented in this paper. Keywords: Discrete element method (DEM), dustiness tester, impact energy, impact velocity.
136 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0010 Generalized Conforming Triangular Element for Thermal Bending Analysis of Thin Plate
Chatthanon Bhothikhun1,*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand * E-mail: [email protected], Tel: (+6634) 259 025, Fax: (+6634) 219 367
Abstract The generalized conforming triangular finite element with nine degrees of freedom for thermal bending analysis of thin plate due to the temperature gradient through its thickness is developed. The finite element formulation with detailed finite element matrices are derived based on the modified potential energy principle and the generalized compatibility conditions. The closed-form of the thermal loading which can be apply directly to the computer program is also derived and express. The effectiveness of the proposed element is evaluated by several examples. Results show that the element exhibits good performance for the analysis of plate bending problem under thermal loading. Keywords: finite element method, thermal plate bending, generalized conforming, triangular element
137 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0011 Light Weight Optimisation of Electric Bus Body Structure Using Finite Element Methods
P. Uttamung1,*, J. Soparat1, and C. Benyajati1
1 National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: +66 2564 6500 ext.4360, Fax: +66 2564 6370
Abstract A lightweight structure has been widely identified as one of the key components for a sustainable success of electric vehicle (EV) implementation. The current study focuses on investigating a possibility of reducing a structural weight of an existing EV bus prototype developed in Thailand. The Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) was applied to the structural stiffness analysis for minimising the bus weight by a determination of an appropriate thickness of the structure. The numerical analysis only considered the body structure of the EV bus prototype, which was modelled by beam elements. The structural stiffness analysis performed in this work consisted of loading behaviours commonly encountered during normal operation of the bus i.e. braking, cornering, torsional and bending. For optimisation, constrain variable considered was corresponding torsional stiffness. The design parameters of cross member thicknesses were divided into six different groups depending on physical area of concern. The resulting stiffness of the structure with optimum cross-sectional thickness under different design constrains would be compared together to determine the appropriated thickness of structural members under a purpose of weight reduction for the EV bus. Furthermore, the corresponding stresses of the structure with chosen cross-sectional areas under normal driving situations were calculated to evaluate the overall structural strength of the proposed design. Keywords: Bus Structure, Optimisation, Weight Reduction, Finite Element Method
138 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0012 Numerical Study of Bonding Model Effect on Stress Distribution in Anchored Refractory
Savithree Wongasa, Apidech Janthaphan and Monsak Pimsarn
Department of Mechanical Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang *E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] Tel: 66993642998.
Abstract Refractory material is applied for the lining in the cement rotary kiln. This is done by casting the refractory concrete and it is reinforced with anchors which are welded to sector ring plate. While the rotary kiln is in operation these materials are subjected to significant thermal load. This yields thermal stress which is one of failure causes of the concrete liner or refractory. This research proposed the development of proper finite element model which is used as a tool to analyze refractory strength. The analysis can be divided into 2 parts. In the first part, the objective is to develop the experimental setup to measure the refractory-anchor stress under thermal loading. After that, the finite element model of simple refractory-anchor system is proposed by assuming that the mechanical behavior of those is considered as linear and varying with temperature and the contact behaviors between the anchor and refractory are perfect bonding and slip bonding. The finite element stress results, compared with the experimental results, show good agreement when the bond-slip model is employed. The perfect bonding model tends to over predict the stress results.
Keywords: Thermal stress distribution, Anchored refractory, Bond-slip model.
139 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0013 Four-bar linkage path generation using meta-heuristics – algorithm comparison
W. Phukaokaew1, S. Sleesongsom2, S. Bureerat1*
1 Sustainable and Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen City, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiangrai College, Chiangrai City, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract In this research, the use of meta-heuristics for path generation of a four-bar linkage is demonstrated. Three problems of path generation were posed as a constrained optimization problem. A simple penalty function technique was used to deal with design constraints while seven meta-heuristics including artificial bee colony optimization (ABC), real code ant colony optimization (ACOR), population-based incremental learning (PBIL), differential evolution(DE), self-adaptive differential evolution (JADE), teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) and a grey wolf optimizer (GWO) were employed to solve the problems. Comparative results and the effect of the constraint handling technique are illustrated and discussed. Keywords: mechanism synthesis, path generation, four-bar linkage, optimization, meta-heuristics
140 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0014 A Web Browser-Based Program for Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Water
Wanchai Asavapoositkul*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, Thailand, 10140 * Corresponding Author: [email protected]. Abstract This work presents a web browser-based program for determining the thermodynamic properties of water. There are functions for calculating the properties in 3 regions: region 1 for the liquid state, region 2 for the vapor state, and region 3 for the saturation curve (vapor-liquid equilibrium). In each region, the property models are implemented in a suite of JavaScript subroutines/functions by searching database list files and using database functions to compute the required output data. The source of data is obtained from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA. This program is run on a web browser via an internet that allows users to calculate instead of tables and diagrams, to rapidly determine thermodynamic properties and to better understand of thermodynamic process and phase transition. The output data are given all thermodynamic properties with unit conversion function as well as showing on the property diagrams. The main objective of the program is for learning purposes. The methods can be extended to other fluids’ properties data calculations. Keywords: water properties, Thermodynamic properties calculation, web browser-based program, JavaScript
141 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0015 Transient Natural Convection in an Attic Space above a Rectangular Room
Sujin Jiracheewanun
Department of Mechanical Technology Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract The numerical study of the flow phenomena in a room constructed under the attic space was performed with a two-dimensional model. To simulate real situation problems, boundary conditions of roof and wall panels were collected from experimental data from a house located in Bangkok, Thailand. The roof temperature was found to be linearly decreased as a function of time during nighttime. The simulation results show that the highest temperatures of both spaces at a certain time were in agreement with the experimental data. The flow features in the room and the attic space were clearly observed. These features can be divided into two stages as quasi-steady flow and stratified flow. The quasi-steady flow was detected when the room temperature was higher than the attic temperature. The average Nusselt numbers were also found to fluctuate with the times. On the contrary, when the room temperature was lower than the attic temperature, the stratified flow was found to have steady Nusselt numbers. Keywords: natural convection, triangular enclosure, rectangular enclosure, CFD
142 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0016 Numerical investigation of an influence of square cylinder crossovers on twin bare hulls in close proximity
Pareecha Rattanasiri1,* and Philip A. Wilson2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chon Buri Campus, Chon Buri, 20130, Thailand 2 Fluid Structure Interactions Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, SO16 7QF, United Kingdom * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66(0)9-2768-7904, Fax +66(0)3839-0351
Abstract This paper investigates the influence of two crossovers on twin bare spheroids in close proximity. Firstly, to examine the impact of the crossovers to the flow behaviour and overall drag coefficient of spheroids. Secondly, to compare the drag coefficient for various speeds. The CFD RANS-SST with a commercial code ANSYS CFX simulation is performed for the fully submerged twin spheroids with transverse separation (S/D) of 1.02; where S is the distance between centreline to centreline and D is the maximum diameter of a spheroid. The Reynolds Numbers used are 2 × 106, 3 × 106, and 4 × 106. The results show that each spheroids experience an additional 20% drag which is dominated by crossovers. The drag coefficient of small volume crossovers between spheroids is 10 times higher than the drag of each spheroids, consequently, the total drag of system is increased by 11 times compares to twin bare spheroids system. Increasing speed results in the drag reduction. At the Reynolds Number 2 × 106 shows the highest drag coefficient of twin hulls for both cases (with or without crossovers). The result suggests the use of twin bare hulls without crossovers in the fleet, an application; for example, a fleet of small autonomous underwater vehicles.
Keywords: spheroid drag, flat plate drag, fully-submerged hulls, RANS-SST, ANSYS CFX
143 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0017 The Effect of Microwave Frequency on Temperature Profiles and Electric Field in a Natural Rubber Glove during Microwave Heating
Pornthip Keangin1,*, Ukrit Narumitbowonkul1, Suchai Pongpakpien2 and Phadungsak Rattanadecho2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 99 mu 18, Paholyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +66 2 8892138 Ext. 6401-3, Fax: +66 2 8892138 Ext. 6429
Abstract Natural rubber glove (NRG) is a glove made out of natural rubber (concentrate latex). The primary purpose is to protect hands during performing tasks involving chemicals as well as be used in medical. Generally, in the manufacture of NRG often used conventional heating from hot air. It takes a long time in heating and can cause heat distribution uneven, resulting in NRG dry not smooth. To pursue the new ways to eliminate problems in the conventional heating method, the application process heating in the microwave energy is one attractive choice. Several advantages of microwave heating are effective to heat and maintain the quality of the product due to volumetric heating. This research aims to propose the effects of microwave frequency and position on temperature profile and electric field in a NRG due to heating with microwave energy within the microwave oven. The effects of variations at the microwave frequencies of 2.45 GHz, 2.75 GHz and 3 GHz on temperature profile and electric field are systematically investigated. The transient Maxwell’s equation coupled with the transient heat transfer equation is solved by using the finite element method (FEM). The numerical simulation results with computer programs are validated with experimental results. Three-dimensional models of NRG and microwave oven are considered. The obtained results can be used as a basis for develop heating process of NRG by microwave energy in the industry. Keywords: Electric field, Finite element, Heat transfer, Microwave heating, Natural rubber glove
144 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0018
A Comparison of Temperature Increases in the Human Skin from Different Thermal Models
Pornthip Keangin1,*, Suchai Pongpakpien2 and Phadungsak Rattanadecho2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 99 mu 18, Paholyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +66 2 8892138 Ext. 6401-3, Fax: +66 2 8892138 Ext. 6429
Abstract The skin is one of the sensitive organs that have complexity of the configurations. The skin helps protecting body from dirt, microbes and other element. In addition, the skin helps regulate body temperature from temperature change such as hot and cold and permits the sensations of touch. The temperature increase in the skin may be significantly affected by thermal physiologic response such as shivering, regulatory sweating and vasomotion. Due to ethical consideration, the study of heat transfer within the human skin for experimental purposes is limited. Therefore, the study of heat transfer within the human skin from numerical analysis is another alternative that is gaining attention. In this research, presents a comparison of temperature distributions in the multi-layered human skin by using the multi- heat transfer models. The heat transfer models includes bioheat model, Klinger model, local thermal equilibrium (LTE) porous media model and local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) porous media model to find a model that is most appropriate. The skin model is consisted of three-layer components, which are epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat. The influences from external environment are systematically investigated. The heat transfer equations of multi-heat transfer models are solved using the finite element method (FEM). The results obtained in this work reveal that the proposed approach can provide accurate estimation the transient temperature distribution and predicting the thermal response in the multi- layered human skin exposed to effects of the external environment. Keywords: Heat transfer, Human skin, Multi-layered, Porous media
145 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0019
Parametric Study of Spot Welding between Li-ion Battery Cells and Sheet Metal Connectors
M. Masomtob1,3,4,*, R. Sukondhasingha1, J. Becker1,3, and D. U. Sauer1,2,3,**
1 Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52066, Germany 2 Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany 3 Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany 4 Materials for Energy Research Unit, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand Corresponding Authors: [email protected]*, [email protected]**
Abstract This work was designed to study the effects of influencing parameters in series/parallel gap spot welding process and determine the optimized parameters setting for spot welding between 18650 Li-ion battery cells and sheet metal connectors. The welding parameters that were studied in this work include electrode tip geometry, connecting strip material and design, maximum supply voltage, welding time welding force and distance between two electrodes. The effects of these parameters were investigated via simulations and experimentations. A sample battery cell was disassembled and measured to create the 3D models. Simulations were carried out software to observe the deformation, electric current distribution as well as temperature distribution occurred within the models. For experiments done in this work, the actual spot welding was conducted using the Miyachi FD120 series spot welding machine. The trial welding was first performed between two different thicknesses of Hilumin® connecting strips themselves. Then, after having the results of studied parameters from both simulations and experiments compared and analyzed, the actual spot welding was conducted between Hilumin® connecting strips and both of positive and negative terminals of SAMSUNG INR18650-15L Li-ion battery cells. The electric resistance and mechanical strength of the welded contact were measured. Finally, the suistriple welding parameter setting ranges were obtained as a result, which can be applied to create battery packs either from the similar or other different models of 18650 Li-ion cells via series spot welding processes
Keywords: Spot Welding, Li-ion Battery Cell, Hilumin Sheet Metal Connector (Nickel-Plated Steel)
146 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0020
CFD Investigation on Performance of Two-Stage Ejector in the Ejector Refrigeration System
N. Suvarnakuta, K. Pianthong*, T. Sriveerakul, W. Seehanam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: +66 4535 3300, Fax: +66 4535 3333
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of steam ejector refrigeration system using two-stage ejector (TSE) by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. In this study, 2D-axisymetric model was used. The shear-stress-transportation k-ω (k-ω-sst) model was applied as a turbulence model. The design concept of the proposed two-stage ejector can be classified into two types which are annular primary, and annular secondary at the second stage. In the simulation, the TSE type annular secondary at the second stage is investigated by using the operating conditions from the previous work whose generator temperature of 110 oC and the evaporator temperature of 10 oC. Detailed explanation and comparison will be given to describe the performance and advantages of two-stage ejector and single-stage ejector (SSE). Essential coefficients obtained in the present study were specified in terms of entrainment ratio (Rm) and critical back pressure (CBP). From the simulations, the annular secondary at the second stage ejector, the entrainment ratio can be increased for 42.8%, while, there was a marginal decrease in critical back pressure for 7.4%. Results from this study is promising enhance the COP of the future ejector refrigeration system.
Keywords: two-stage ejector, steam ejector refrigeration, CFD investigation
147 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 CST0021
Simulation of Heat Transfer in Liver Tissue under Microwave Ablation
Suchai Pongpakpien1, Phadungsak Rattanadecho1 and Pornthip Keangin2,*
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 99 mu 18, Paholyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +66 2 8892138 Ext. 6401-3, Fax: +66 2 8892138 Ext. 6429
Abstract The understanding of heat transport in human tissues is important for enhanced insight of thermoregulatory mechanism and physiological conditions during hyperthermia treatments such as microwave ablation (MWA). However, the result of heat transfer in human tissue to various therapeutic conditions is not well understood. The modeling of heat transport in target organ can be used as a guideline for the practical treatment. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate on the heat transfer characteristics occurred during MWA process. The modeling of heat transport through the MWA process has been the subject of interest for years, but the application of a porous media model in this field is new. This research is concerned with MWA process of heat transfer in the liver tissue using a 2.45 GHz microwave antenna under various conditions. A complete mathematical model of MWA based on porous media approach is proposed, which uses transient momentum equations (Brinkman model extended Darcy model) and energy equation with electromagnetic wave propagation equation to describe the temperature and blood velocity profiles within the liver tissue. The coupled nonlinear set of these equations are solved using the axisymmetric finite element method (FEM). In particular, the results calculated from a porous media model are compared with the results calculated from a bioheat model as well as the experimental results from previous work in order to show the validity of the simulation results. The obtained results show that the porous media model could be a feasible and potential model for the study of the transport phenomena in liver tissue during MWA process. Moreover, the obtained values provide an indication of limitations that must be considered during MWA thermotherapy.
Keywords: Bioheat model, Finite element, Liver tissue, Microwave ablation, Porous media model
148 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0001 Slip suppression control for an electric crawler vehicle on an uphill path with a low μ value
Kohei Ohno1, Naoto Mizutani1, Hirokazu Matsui1, Ken’ichi Yano1* and Panya Minyong2
1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-city, Mie, 514-8507, Japan 2Pathumwan Institute of Technology, 833 Rama 1 Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-59-231-9366
Abstract The sliding of heavy machines causes serious accidents in the construction industry. Slip is the main factor at work when machines slide. Conventional studies on preventing slip have focused on four- wheeled vehicles with tires, and conventional methods often use the rotational speed of the driven tires. Generally, electric crawler vehicles do not have driven tires. Therefore, we propose slipping suppression without using the rotational speed of driven tires. The proposed method uses only the electric current of drive motors to judge slipping. We conducted tests to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method on a low-μ road. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the method. Keywords: Slip suppression control, Electric crawler vehicle, Low-μ road, Mechatronics, Tracked vehicle
149 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0002 Stabilizing Active Vibration Control of Machining Processes Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functionals for Time-Delay Systems
Prapon Ruttanatri*, Matthew O.T. Cole and Radom Pongvuthithum
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Gaew Rd. Suthep, Muang, Chaing Mai 50200 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Telephone 66 53 94 4146, Fax 66 53 94 4145
Abstract This paper considers the problem of feedback controller design for active control of regenerative vibration in machining processes. A magnetic bearing supported milling machine spindle is considered in case study. In order to predict vibrational stability, a dynamic model of spindle flexibility is considered that accounts for the deflection of the tool due to cutting forces. As the tool deflection during tooth-pass affects the cutting force during the next tooth-pass, a complete model for tool-workpiece interaction takes the form of a time-delay system. In this paper, a stability analysis based on LMI conditions derived from a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is considered in order to predict boundaries for stable cutting and synthesize state-feedback controllers to increase parametric regions for stable cutting. A finite element model of the spindle-tool structure is adopted. However, for numerical efficiency, a reduced order model of the machine structure is used for the synthesis. A robust controller design approach based on an augmented plant model is introduced to deal with issues of model uncertainty. Comparative results for optimized state feedback control versus position-based PD feedback are presented. Numerical simulations confirm that the proposed design gives significant improvements in vibration and allow increased metal removal rates with stable cutting. Keywords: Vibration control, Machining, Time-delay systems, Active magnetic bearing, Stability.
150 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0003 Kinematic analysis of a 3- SRRP Parallel Robot
Amnad Tongtib, Pinyo Puangmali and Theeraphong Wongratanaphisan*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200 *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: +66-53-44146
Abstract
In this paper, kinematic analysis of a 3- SRRP parallel robot is presented. The robot consists of a triangular moving platform connected to a rigid base through three SRRP link chains. All three link chains are assumed identical. Each link chain composes of two rigid bodies connected in series by two actuating revolute joints. These link chains are connected to the base by prismatic joints and to the moving platform by spherical joints. The 3- SRRP parallel robot has six degrees of freedom (DOF). It can translate the end-effector in three dimensional spaces and can provide rotational motion about three independent axes. The explicit inverse kinematic solutions are provided. The details of the steps to numerically obtain the forward kinematic solutions by dialytic elimination method are presented.
Keywords: parallel robot, closed-chain mechanism, kinematic analysis, dialytic elimination.
151 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0004 Experimental observation of sideband patterns of gearboxes with different kinds of local fault
Tianyang Wang, Fulei Chu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 86-13581583746
Abstract Localized gear fault is one of the most common fault types in a gear drive train. However, current studies consider all of the localized faults as one type, cannot classify different types of local fault, such as spalling, chipped, and crack faults. This will affect the precise fault diagnosis of gear drive train, which is extremely needed in a real engineer. As such, several experiments are firstly done with different kinds of local fault in this manuscript, and the traditional gear fault characteristics in both time domain and frequency domain are then calculated can compared with each other. Also, several popular algorithms, such as time synchronous average (TSA), cepstrum are finally employed to analysis the raw signal. The analysis results are listed as a conclusion which may be helpful for relative researchers.
Keywords: Fault diagnosis, Gear drivetrain, Localized fault
152 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0005
STICK-SLIP FRICTION COMPENSATION FOR VISION SERVO TRACKING OF AN AUTOMATED PIPETTE INJECTION WITH SOLENOID VALVE ACTUATOR BY SLIDING MODE WITH ADAPTIVE PI TUNING
Tossaporn Chamsai 1, Nantiwat Pholdee3, Papot Jaroenapibal2, and Thana Radpukdee 2,*
1 Department of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology ISAN Khon Kaen Campus, 46000, Thailand 2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, 40000, Thailand 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, 40000, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected], Tel. 081-2624949, Fax. 043-347227
Abstract The main goal of this study is to develop an advanced control system for compensation of a stick-slip friction problem in the vision servo tracking of an automated pipette injected with a solenoid valve actuator. In the control framework, the sliding mode control (SMC) technique is incorporated with a new adaptive PI controller. The advantage is that the adaptation law is capable of updating the PI controller online during the control procedure within a short period, while the robust performance is similar to that of the sliding mode. For the stability of the closed-loop control, it is guaranteed in the sense of Lyapunov’s direct method. Simulation results reveal that the proposed controller can attain an excellent control performance with can compensate the stick-slip friction effect, while the pipette can closed-to the desired position very well, smoothing movement, high robustness, and high accuracy.
Keywords: an automated pipette, robust adaptive control, stick-slip friction
153 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0006 Iterative-Based Optimal-Inverse Feedforward for Output-Tracking of Nonminimum-Phase Systems
Arom Boekfah
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University 25/25 Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand [email protected], +6628892138 ext 6401-3, Fax Number +6624419731
Abstract Precision positioning plays a significant role in nonminimum-phase systems, especially toward biomedical applications. Precision control for pre-specified output-trajectory can be obtained by iteratively modifying the control input based on previous cycle data of the output-tracking error. This paper presents the implementation of iterative control together with optimal inversion-based feedforward that further improves the output-tracking performance of nonminimum-phase systems. Experimental results for the piezo-based flexible structure system are provided to illustrate the improvements. Keywords: Iterative control, Feedforward control, Nonminimum-phase system.
154 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0007 Control of Bicycle Leaning with Steering and Mass-Moving Stabilization
Pongsakorn Seekhao1, Kanokvate Tungpimolrut2, and Manukid Parnichkun1,*
1 Mechatronics, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand 2 National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Phone: +662-524-5229, Fax: +662-524-5697
Abstract This paper presents the design of an unmanned electrical bicycle which can balance itself in the upright position while moving at a constant forward speed. The bicycle is balanced by applying mass- moving together with steering to share the balancing control load. The nonlinear dynamics model of a bicycle along with a balancing mass is derived from the Euler-Lagrange equation of motion and nonholonomic constraints with respect to translation and rotation relative to the ground plane. This nonlinear dynamics model is then linearized around the upright position and combined with DC motor model to obtain the complete linearized dynamics model. The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is implemented on the bicycle to control its balance. The simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that the system using both steering and mass-moving in balancing obtains better performance in terms of leaning range and balancing time than the system using only steering in balancing. Real experimental results are also in line with the simulation results. Keywords: bicycle leaning, bicycle balancing, steering, mass-moving, linear quadratic regulator
155 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0008
Kinematics Analysis and Control Simulation of a 6-DOF Robot Arm for a Service Robot Application
Tossaporn Kongsujarit, Jeerapa Sookgaew and Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 * Corresponding author: E-mail [email protected], Telephone Number 0-7428-7214
Abstract This paper describes a solving method of inverse kinematics equations and simulation of a 6-DOF robot arm for a service robot. The robot arm is driven by cables which are connected to motors, and the motors are outside the arm structure. Joints of the robot arm consist of a 3-DOF shoulder, a 1-DOF elbow and a 2-DOF wrist. The link coordinates on each joint are based on the Denavit-Hartenberg principle. The algebraic solution technique and orthogonal rotation matrixes are applied for solving the kinematics equations. Gazebo software package is used for the robot arm simulation. In Gazebo, PID controllers are implemented to control the robot arm. Gravity, inertia and mass of the robot arm model are simulated according to the actual fabrication material and geometry. The desired target position of the robot hand is chosen, and then the robot arm trajectory is determined by the inverse kinematics equations. Simulation shows that the inverse kinematics are valid and show that the model can move to the desired position. The controlled robot arm system has low steady-state error. The settling time of travel to a position (x = 0.417 m, y = 0.151 m, z = 0.219 m) is 7.2 second. In the simulation, the PID gains of each joint are initially tuned by Good Gain method and later fine adjusted during implementation. The analysis and simulation model help improving the design of the robot arm and the PID gains can be used as a guide for estimation of the system response and selection of actuators. Keywords: Inverse kinematics, Service robot, Digital servo motors, Simulation
156 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0009 Development of Robot-Assisted Therapy Device for Lower-Limb Rehabilitation
* Paramin Neranon , Sompong Paramon and Jeeramet Srisalinthip
Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand, 90110 * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract Not only patients who undergo total knee replacement or surgery need physical therapy but also some stroke survivors with a variety of levels of disability always need lower-limb recovery activities of daily living. Several studies have been reported that the use of rehabilitation robotic devices shows the better improvement outcomes in stroke patients than the conventional therapy (nurses or therapists actively help patients with exercise-based rehabilitation). This research presents the development of a one translational degrees-of-freedom robot based lower-limb rehabilitation, in which the device is considered portable for home setting and allowed effective movement of the knee joint flexion and extension. Regarding to varying required knee-joint angles with clinically guided treatment, a closed-loop Proportional (P) control algorithm has been designed and experimentally tuned to ensure best performance achieved. Moreover, the system outputs indicated that there was small oscillation moderating in the signal; therefore the frequency domain evaluation was investigate using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and to suitably identify the noise signals, a high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency was used. It can be shown that based on the obtained results, it was confirmed that the best performance has been observed with proportional gain of KP = 6.5. An increase in a KP gain provides an increase in higher frequency of the system response; however, if the KP is too high, the robot assisted therapy device has very high unstable oscillation which could damage the robot itself. Moreover, all participants indicated that the developed robot-assisted therapy device has been able to effectively perform human-like functions in the lower-limb rehabilitation tasks, and the overall mean rating of 3.72 (out of 5) with the corresponding standard deviation of 0.75 indicates their satisfaction with the robot’s performance.
Keywords: Lower-limb rehabilitation; Proportional (P) control, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT); A one translational degrees-of-freedom robot
157 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0010 A Modelling Approach for Soft Pectoral Fins of a Carangiform Fish Robot
Anh Pham Van1, Khac Anh Hoang1, Tien Nguyen Tan1 and Quan Tuong Vo1,*
1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, Ward 14, Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, 84, Vietnam *[email protected], +840933327078
Abstract The pectoral fins play an important role in supporting and stabilizing the locomotion of fishes in nature. This concept is also considered for the biomimetic fish robots. This paper proposes the approach of modelling for the soft pectoral fins of a biomimetic Carangiform fish robot. Firstly, a model of fundamental frequencies and mode shapes of non-uniform fins are built which is based on Rayleigh’s method. Secondly, the dynamical model of the pectoral fins in fluid is derived by the combination of the Lagrange method, the Assume Mode Method (AMM) and the Morison’s formula. The hydrodynamic forces impact along the pectoral fins surface are considered as the drag force and the inertial force corresponding with the influences of added mass and damping of fluid. Then, the simulations are implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed mathematical model in following cases: free vibration mode, the change of the stimulating input torques to the soft fin deformation and the generated thrust in forced vibration mode. Finally, several comparisons and analysis are carried out to show effectiveness of the proposed modelling. Keywords: Soft pectoral fin, Carangiform, Fish robot, AMM, Morison, Lagrange.
158 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0011 Study on the effect of driver reaction times to the collision possibility and evasion ability due to the forward collision warning system using driving simulator
Sedtawud Larbwisuthisaroj1, Nuksit Noomwongs2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. Tel: 08-4158-8433 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Smart Mobility Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. Tel: 0-2218-6610 E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 36.2 deaths per 100,000 populations, Thailand road deaths that estimated by World Health Organization (WHO) situated Thailand at the second position in the world. The research found that rear-end collision was the most frequently occurring accident in Thailand. The active safety systems are developed to eliminate the driver’s errors that cause rear-end collision. The forward collision warning system, which is an active safety system, is designed to warn the driver if the accident is possible and provides needed information to avoid the accident. Time-To-Collision (TTC) is an important variable in the forward collision warning system. TTC directly affects the evasive performance of the vehicle in terms of the delay of the actual TTC. Also, the reaction times of the driver after the warning to the start of the evasive maneuver affect the evasive performance. From previous research, the evasive possibility was simulated using dynamics approach. But, the driver reaction times were not considered in the research. In this research, the driver reaction times were tested using driving simulator with developed forward collision warning system. The forward collision warning system communicated with the driving simulator. The forward collision warning system gets the parameters from the driving simulator then warns the drivers accordingly and the reaction times were collected along with other parameters. The study shows that the driver reaction times were separated into 2 distinct groups, around 0.45 s. from 20-40 km/hr speed and around 0.3 s. from 60-100 km/hr speed that caused by different evasive maneuvers. The evasive ability is significantly affected by the delayed TTC (actual TTC). Therefore, the warning TTC will be more appropriate to be used in the forward collision warning system, if the warning TTC is compensated by the driver reaction times. Keywords: Driver reaction time, Steering and braking guidance, Driving simulator, Forward collision warning system.
159 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0012 Distance Estimation with Car Detection Algorithm for Lane Change Assist System
Assadayooth Ruangkumhai1, Nuksit Noomwongs1
1 Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai road Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand [email protected], [email protected], 02-218-6610
Abstract In recent years, there are many types of research for the car-safety system. The lane change assist system is one of many popular systems in this research field. This system will detect a car in target lane. Then, the system will warn the user when they changing the lane in dangerous conditions. The car detection sensor and distance estimation sensor are importance for this system. The camera is the most efficiency sensor because it has the lowest cost and many applications. However, distance estimation algorithm for camera sensor is the big challenge. This research was purposed the estimation function for estimate the distance between user car and a car in a target lane. The experiment was showed the potential of car detection system with the estimation function for car detection and distance estimation. The result shows that this system can detect a passenger car from 8 meters up to 25 meters from the sensor. Moreover, the R-Squared value of the distance estimation function is about 92%. Keywords: Car detection system, Distance Estimation, Lane change assist system.
160 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0013 A Three-finger Robot Hand
Thanathorn Deeseentum*, Dhamachart Chanprasartsuk, Thanisorn Sriudomporn and Viboon Sangveraphunsiri*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 10330. *Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: 022186437 Fax: 022522889
Abstract The objective of this project is to develop a cost effective 3-fingers adaptive robotic hand for flexible usage of grasping object. The native control system of the mechanism is an under-actuated control system. The mechanism consists of two actuators. The first actuator is used for controlling the grasping motion through 2 separated mechanisms while the second actuator is used for controlling the rotation of the hand base. This project aims to survey, in term of analysis and design, hand mechanism, power transmission as well as control system based on the existing hands investigated by many researchers. Then the prototype of the robotic hand is designed and constructed to verify the concept. Various aspects, such as analysis of mechanism and manufacturing with reasonable cost, will be studied to gain more practical purposes. So that the project can be extended to real application in the future and it is possible to extend to be used as an artificial hand.
Keywords: Three-finger Robot Hand, under-actuated, finger mechanism, artificial hand
161 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 DRC0014
Synergetic Control for Double Inverted Pendulum on a Cart
Arsit Boonyaprapasorn1,*, Thunyaseth Sethaput2, Sanya Laoaroon1, Suriya Natsupakpong3, and Parinya Sa Ngiumsunthorn4
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Nakhon-Nayok, 26001, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand 3 Institute of Field Robotics, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok, 10140, Thailand 4 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: 663 739-3487, Fax: 663 739-3487
Abstract The double inverted pendulum on a cart is one of the classical unstable underactuated systems. In order to stabilize the system, various control techniques have been proposed. One of the applicable control methods is the sliding mode control. Even though the method can stabilize the system, the control system is affected by the chattering phenomena. The purpose of this study; therefore, was to employ the synergetic controller to the double inverted pendulum system. Furthermore, the set of controller parameters was determined systematically by the ant colony optimization (ACO). To validate the effectiveness of the synergetic controller, the simulation of the double inverted pendulum system under the synergetic controller was carried out, and the results were compared with those of the sliding mode controller. The simulation results showed that the synergetic control could stabilize the system, and the chattering phenomena in control input signal could be reduced. In conclusions, the synergetic controller with ACO can be employed successfully on the double inverted pendulum on a cart. Keywords: Double inverted pendulum, Feedback control, Synergetic control, Ant colony optimization.
162 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 EDU0001
Implementation of Cooperative Education Projects Utilizing S- BEST for Research and Development Department in Thailand: A Case Study in Building Energy System Industry
D. Woradechjumroen1*, Pachern Jansa1
1 Department of Mechanical System Engineering and Industrial Innovation, School of Engineering, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected] (+66)948503366
Abstract Cooperative education is a modern work-integrated leaning designed to mainly: 1) enhance practical student learning in companies; 2) learn methods for solving problems in real applications; 3) increase career opportunities after graduation; and 4) develop research collaboration in terms of research and development (R&D) in a companies. The aforementioned objectives are considerably successful for the students who do choose cooperative education instead of senior projects in developed countries because the collaborated companies have been planning procedures and experienced advisors for training co-op students to be their employees after graduation. Especially, utilizing practical problems from research and development (R&D) department is an excellent strategy for long-term cooperation between an institution and the incorporation. However, it is still one of co-op gaps in developing counties to efficiently conduct the co-op education in terms of R&D. This paper feasibly proposes systematical procedures to design and implement co-op projects in Thailand energy management industry by using smart building energy solution technologies (S-BEST), which is a non-invasive and smart technology based on existing technologies in each building; five main components of S-BEST are briefly introduced and are adjusted appropriately to evaluate how to develop R&D department of an energy management company. To this end, 6 steps of the designed projects and 5 steps of R&D development are used to design co-op projects corresponding to co-op student skills. With the implementation of the procedures, 11 projects are eventually designed. Utilizing qualitative research method based on the focused group interview, the proposed methodology can satisfy the executive members and project engineering teams of three relating companies, and can be further used for research cooperation for challenging the research fund of novel building technologies from Thailand association agencies. For the future co-op study, this paper contributes a guideline for ongoing co-op projects applied in real and commercial applications as long-term research collaborations, which are still infancy in Thailand. Keywords: Cooperative Education, Energy Management, Intelligent Building Collaboration, Smart Building Energy Solutions Technologies, Research and Development.
163 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 EDU0002 Development of Active-safety System for Student who is Learning Machine-tool Practice Employing Simple Brain-Machine-Interface
Tomoki Ohnori.1, Tomoki Himaki.1, and Takashi Yoshitomi1, Kiyoshi Yanagihara1*.
1 National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, Higashihagio-Machi 150, Omuta Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan * Corresponding Author. [email protected],+81-944-53-8864,+81-944-53-8864
Abstract National Institute of technology (N.I.T.) of Japan is consist of 55 colleges, and each college provides practical knowledge and skill about engineering to relatively young student who is from 15 years to 22 years old. Ariake college of N.I.T. to which authors belong, had ever experienced one serious incident of a students in machine-tool practice. As for this incident, a drop of the student’s concentration by the accumulation his fatigue is regarded as a cause. In this case, if the concentration-drop of each student can be detected during machine-tool practice automatically, it will help to prevent occur of incident and keep safe environment of study in college．Toy-based head-set type of a simple brain machine interface (B.M.I.) is developed and provided on the market with reasonable price lately. This interface can measure brain waves, such as alpha, beta, and theta waves. Also application programing interface (A.P.I.) for Microsoft Windows is provided to produce original application programing. Thus the use of this simple B.M.I. is considered to realize active-safety system for student to practice machine- tool. The active safety system consists of the B.M.I to sense brain wave, a personal computer (P.C.) to analyze the detected brain wave and control machine-tool, an original-made interface to connect P.C. and machine-tool, and machine-tool. The B.M.I. and P.C. are connected with Bluetooth, and the combination of them provide application, that is named as “algorithmic eSense”, that can display an concentration or relaxation of subject with the score that is from 0 to 100. The P.C. monitors concentration of subject from B.M.I. output. If the level of the concentration goes under a preset level, the P.C. transfer the signal, such as emergency stop, to machine-tool through the originally developed P.C.-machine-tool interface. The developed active-safety system based on brain wave of subject is finally examined. In this experiment 20 years old subject is selected, his brain wave is analyzed with the system. The system distinguishes whether the subject concentrate on machine-tool practice with his brain wave, the system demonstrates emergency stop of machine-tool spindle when his concentration is below preset threshold. Those experimental results show that the developed active-safety system employing B.M.I is effective and feasible. Keywords: Brain Machine Interface, Education system, Safety, Brain waves, Machine tool
164 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 EDU0003 Instructional Media Using Google Apps for Education in Multi-Sections Engineering Course
Nuchida Suwapaet* and John Morris
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +6643754316
Abstract Google Apps for Education are increasingly used in higher education. Instructors try to reach out to students and encourage them to learn by themselves via new technology. Instructional media using Google apps was developed for a statics course at Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University. The statics course is taught by different instructors in multiple sections necessary to accommodate a large number of students. A course website was created and instructional media features were developed, including basic and extra class materials, slides, assignments, important information and other resources. The course website and its features were evaluated by students and instructors on a 1-5 rating scale in four categories: class materials, activities and other resources, course evaluation and website usability. Students and instructors gave similar and different points of view in the evaluation. Students and instructors agreed that “class materials” was the best category with average scores of 4.1 and 4.6. Students rated “website usability” lowest with an average score of 3.8 whereas instructors were least satisfied with “activities and other resources” with an average score of 4.0. Overall, the developed instructional media were useful and beneficial to both students and instructors. Suggestions for improvement were better design, providing solutions of assignments and past exams, providing a chat box and more links to additional resources. Keywords: Google apps, instructional media, multi-sections course, engineering education
165 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 EDU0004 Self-Learning Set for Shear Force and Bending Moment Calculation of a Simple Support Beam
Manon Sooklamai1,*, and Sujin Jiracheewanun1
1 Department of Mechanical Technology Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126, Pracha-Uthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkhru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: 02-470-8526, Fax: 02-470-8527
Abstract This research work was to create a self-learning set for helping learners calculate the shear force and bending moment of a simple support beam under the load. The self-learning set comprised of an aluminum beam with two supports, load cells, interface module, cable, and a personal computer. In the learning process with the self-learning set, learners could understand theory and principle via the lesson content that was provided within the computer-based program, furthermore, the learners could try to put sample loads onto a virtual simple support beam of the self-learning set, then the software computed and displayed the reaction force of each support, the shear force and a bending moment diagram. The aims of this self-learning set were: to help learners to easier understand the lesson, independent learning time, and motivation to learn, also could help the lecturers in order to improve their teaching strategies or managing their classroom activities. After the self-learning set was created, evaluating the quality and the accuracy of the self-learning set was also examined. The results shown that the average answer in error, from a self-learning set, was less than 2% when compared to the calculated results based on the theory. The self- learning set was also used by the sample group of learners, and found to have a high satisfaction rating.
Keywords: Bending moment, Quality, Satisfaction, Self-Learning set, Shear force.
166 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 EDU0005
Applies Image Processing for Identify Varieties of Rough Rice
Adcha Heman1*, Panuwat Suksiri2 and Akkarat Wohanklong2
1 Department of Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand *Corresponding author. Tel.: +669-8137-9814; Email address: [email protected]
Abstract Identify variety of rough rice is importance in the market. Thai Hom Mali 105 or Khao Dawk Mali 105 long grain is the popular in Thailand. The sample of this study was used seven variety of rough rice. In this study aims to apply the image processing to identify seven variety of rough rice in Thailand, the image processing is nondestructive and fast method for measuring. The color extracting of rice kernel by RGB, HSV and L*a*b* color, then calculate color, classify with correlation between color and variety of rice. The result shows that L* was showed color value 12.91 on Hom ma li 105, 10.54 (RD6), 11.11 (Red Brown Rice), 14.21 Hom Nil (Black Jasmine Rice), 28.95 (Khao' Hawm Daeng), 7.46 (Niaw San-Pah- Tawng) and 5.91 (RD31 Pathum Thani 80), that the color of varieties were difference in each groups when compare with seven groups. , that mean the image processing method can apply to identifies the varieties of rice kernel.
Keywords: rough rice kernel, image processing, Thai Hom Mali 105.
167 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0001 Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Leucaena Leucocepphala in Fluidised-bed Reactor with In-situ and Ex-situ Vapors Upgrading
Keyoon Duanguppama1,*, Koson Rueangsan1, Pakkip Kraisoda1, Chinnapat Turakarn1, Chakkarin Phinnarat1, Kwanchai Simmee1 and Poomin Somboon1
1Bioenergy and Applied Energy Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, 46000, Thailand. *Corresponding author. Tel.: +664 381 2583x 3250; Email address: [email protected]
Abstract This research aims to study the effects of pyrolysis temperature, effects of catalyst positions and effect of condensation on the product yield with a heating value and chemicals compound in bio-oil. The fast pyrolysis of leucaena leucocepphala were vapors upgrading to the bio-oil with in-situ and ex-situ in a fluidised-bed reactor. The fast pyrolysis process was used as silica sand for heat transfer medium in primary reactor. The glass wool was used hot filter medium in secondary reactor. While, the in-situ upgrading to catalyst in primary reactor. The ex-situ was upgraded to use a catalyst in secondary reactor. The results showed that maximum bio-oil yields of ∼65 wt% at 500°C and get a higher heating value (HHV) of ∼30 MJ/kg, when applied the ex-situ upgrading to obtaining the bio-oil yields decreased to 57 wt%. However, a HHV of the bio-oil were increasing to 38 MJ/kg and it has higher an aromatics hydrocarbons compound such as C6H14, C7H14, C4H10, C5H12, C8H16 and C20H38.
Keywords: Ex-situ upgrading, Fast pyrolysis, In-situ upgrading, Leucaena leucocepphala, Natural zeolite.
168 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0002 Energy saving Measures for Air Compressor: A Case study for Plastic Bottle Manufacturer
Pornthipha Taites1, Wittaya Yongchareon2,*
1 Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, 2 Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, * [email protected], Tel. 086-8989486 Fax.02 2522889
Abstract The operating of a compressor gently affects the cost of compressed air. A compressor consumes more power at higher pressures .This higher pressures leads to excessive wear and increasing air leak in the system. Heat generated by operating compressor continuously, dissipates to compressor room leading to hot air intake. This results in higher energy consumption. The volumetric efficiency of a compressor is also less at higher delivery pressures and higher inlet air intake. The objective of this research is to finding the energy saving measures for air compressors in the plastic bottle manufacturer. The electric energy consumption of compressed air system for this manufacturer was 1,632,986 kWh/year in 2014. which is considered as a large amount. The research is carried out by analyzing theoretically the energy saving measures then applied to the manufacturer. The data were measured at the compressor room consisting of compressor room temperature, ambient air temperature, compressor pressure setting, storage air tank pressure and electrical energy consumption, for automatic load control of a multiple compressors both using typical electric sequence control and microprocessor control. Four energy saving measures were recommended as a guideline as followings: 1) The inlet air temperature to the compressor is not higher than the ambient air temperature by 3 oC resulting in energy saving of 1.2 % 2) The storage tank air pressure is not higher than the equipment required pressure by 1 bar resulting in energy saving of 8.4 % 3) The pressure drop across inlet air filter is not higher than 2.5 kPa resulting in energy saving of 1.6 % 4) For multiple compressors, The electric sequence control is replaced by the microprocessor control resulting in energy saving of 10.8 % Keywords: Compressor, Energy saving, compressor control
169 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0003
Experimental study of removal the humidity from humid gas by VSA process in a laboratory scale
Narit Lorpradit1and Yottana Khunathorn1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200 * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: +66-8-9644-5277
Abstract Biogas can be upgraded into bio-methane and used in the vehicle as equivalent as NGV. Gas purification is a crucial step in biogas to bio-methane. There are many purification techniques, but pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is the most common and economical technique. However, the PSA cycle is used in research by many researchers for purification fluid. This research is focusing on the lab scale biogas to bio-methane purification, for used in vehicle replace NGV. This work studied about the purification technique by using vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) in the fixed-bed reactor. The working fluid used in this lab scale research is vapor water-nitrogen mixture, because the similarity of their atom size (N2: 3.798 Å, CH4: 3.758 Å). The fixed-bed reactor packed with carbon molecular sieve 4A was the adsorbent to adsorb the humidity from humidified nitrogen. The affects of operating parameters in experimental, which include cycle schedule and gas flow rate is 5 lit/min, pressure in adsorption is 3 bar, size of reactor are diameter 5 cm and long 100 cm, and the pressure drop is 0.075bar. The adsorption performance are 94.79% in first time but reduce after through desorption by the second is 89.84% and third is 87.30%. Keywords: humidity removal, VSA, humid nitrogen.
170 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0004 Carbon Footprint of Organic Black Tea Production from Pu Muen Community Enterprise in Chiang Mai
Nitipat Jommongkol1*, Phiched Thanin 1, and Lersak Bunthan 1
1 Faculty of Engineering, North-Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50230, Thailand. *Corresponding author. Tel.: +08-7187-0098; Email address:[email protected]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of global warming from organic black tea. The Carbon Footprint method used to calculate an organic black tea product of Pu Muen community, Mae Ai District, Chiang Mai Thailand. The Pu Muen’s black tea product uses hydro power for all production process. This research applies the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Carbon Footprint Product (CFP) methodology. The system boundary considers from cradle to grave. That was starting from cultivation, transport, usage and disposal. The selected functional unit was one box of organic black tea with a net weight of 30 grams including packaging. The Greenhouse gases emission value was calculated based on the IPCC 2007 methodology which was a separation process in the life cycle. The result showed that the carbon dioxide emission content of organic black tea from all stages was 0.449 kgCO2e or 449 gCO2e per one box. The production stage had the highest greenhouse gas emission equaling to 0.328 kgCO2e due to the used in the production the package consist of paper, foil and carton. These package pieces were produced from the industry that have higher amount of greenhouse gas emissions during the production processes.
Keywords: Carbon Footprint Product, Lift Cycle Assessment, Greenhouse gas, Organic Black Tea.
171 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0005 Fundamental Study of the Green Roof Building Air-conditioning System using a Reduction Model Apparatus
Toshio Otaka1
1 School of Science & Engineering, Kokushikan University, 4-28-1, Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8515, Japan E-mail:[email protected], Tel/Fax:+81-3-5481-3334
Abstract In recent years, urban areas in Japan have been experiencing a phenomenon called the heat island effect, which causes the temperature in cities to increase to a few degrees warmer than the surrounding suburban areas. It has attracted attention as one of many environmental issues. As a preventive measure, attention is being given to green roof projects that allow for a reduction in asphalt or concrete surface coverage in urban cities and are expected to promote the transpiration effect of plants. Consequently, various types of green roof units have actually been made available for practical use. In addition to the remedial measure against the heat island effect, green roofs are also expected to provide other positive impacts including prolonging a building's life span and saving energy consumption as a result of reductions in air conditioning usage, since it increases building insulation. One of the global environmental problems of importance is global warming. To suppress global warming requires a decrease in load in the power plants. Thus, increasing the energy efficiency of air-conditioning systems for buildings is an important policy. From these facts, the author and other staff have been conducting fundamental researches by focusing on a combined system of a green roof and air-conditioning for buildings. By utilizing the green roof units as thermal storage tanks, and combining it into the building air-conditioning system which has an auxiliary heat source apparatus, a new air-conditioning system with low energy consumption can be designed, and there is the possibility that this technology could provide a solution to both the heat island effect and global warming. This paper relates to an experimental apparatus as a reduction model which we produced to evaluate the effectiveness of this compound system. The reduction model apparatus has a heat storage planter, a tank of hot water, and an air conditioner. The heat storage planter is heated by artificial solar heat, and collected heat is done heat storage of by hot water tank. The hot water tank is united with an air- conditioning system through a heat exchanger. Fundamental experiment was performed in which heat energy stored in the planter unit is recovered, revealing thermal storage properties of this model apparatus. In this report, we perform an function usability test of this reduction model apparatus, and report the result because utility was confirmed in this apparatus. In the future, this system might help a civic design of the comfortable next generation in Bangkok that is one of the international cities where population is concentrated. I believe firmly that this system is useful in Thailand. Keywords: Heat pump, Green roof, Heat storage, Artificial sun, Heat recovery
172 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0006 Using Superheated Steam Dryer to Improve Cogeneration in Sugar Factory
Sarocha Charoenvai1* and Somchart Chantasiriwan2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +6689-117-0898
Abstract The cogeneration system in sugar factories consists of four main components: the juice extraction unit, the evaporation unit, the steam generation unit, and the turbo-generation. The outputs of the juice extraction unit are sugar juice and bagasse. Juice is sent to the evaporation process. Bagasse is used as the fuel in the steam generation process. High-pressure steam can be used to produce power in back-pressure turbine. Steam from the turbine is superheated, and must be desuperheated to produce saturated steam. This study investigates the improvement of the cogeneration process by replacing desuperheater with superheated steam dryer. The results show that, under certain specified conditions, doing so increases the boiler efficiency by 6.71%, increases the power plant efficiency by 3.46% and reduces bagasse use by 2.44%. Furthermore, it can recover water that would be lost in flue gases. However, it generates slightly less power. Keywords: Cogeneration, Extraction-Condensing Turbine, Sugar Manufacturing, Bagasse drying, Energy System
173 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0007 Effect of Hexagon Land Size in Honeycomb Flow Channel of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Nuttapol Limjeerajarus1,2,* and Sarunyoo Chitcharoenwong1,2
1 Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai–Nichi Institute of Technology 2 Automotive Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Thai–Nichi Institute of Technology 1771/1 Pattanakarn, Suan Luang, Bangkok 10250, THAILAND *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected], Tel.: +66-2763-2600 Ext. 2922, Fax.: +66-2763-2600 Ext. 2900
Abstract According to our previous work, honeycomb design was shown as a promising flow field configuration for a PEFC that could provide the power as high as that of the single channel serpentine flow field, but could achieve significantly lower pressure drop. However, the uniformity of the distributions in the previously designed honeycomb was not good enough. Thus, the study on the proper design must be carried out in order to obtain the honeycomb flow field with uniform distributions. The new honeycomb design geometry on a 5 cm2 was generated in ANSYS WORKBENCH. It was designed to have smaller hexagon land size and gas flow channel width, and thus the higher total hexagon cells. In this work, an investigation on the effects of the hexagon land size on distributions and performance in honeycomb flow field, was carried out numerically via ANSYS FLUENT software. At a practical operating condition of 0.6 V, the simulation revealed that the new honeycomb design outperformed the previous honeycomb design, resulting in an enhancement of the net power output approximately by 3.51% and more uniform distributions of current density, hydrogen mass fraction, oxygen mass fraction and temperature which would consequently lead to the longer cell lifetime. Although the new honeycomb design provided higher power density and more uniform distributions, the pressure drop was also found to be three-time higher than that of the previous honeycomb design, but it still maintained relatively low pressure drop as compared to that of the single channel serpentine, which was approximately 540% lower. Keywords: PEFC, Simulation, Honeycomb, Hexagon land size
174 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0008 Turbulent heat transfer and pressure loss in a square-duct heat exchanger with inclined-baffle inserts
Narin Koolnapadol1, Panuwat Hoonpong2, Sompol Skullong3,* Pongsak Kammul4
and Pongjet Promvonge4
1 Department of Automotive Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand. 2 Department of Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Thepsatri Rajabhat University, 321 Naraimaharat Road, Talaychubsorn, Lopburi 15000, Thailand. 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, 199 M.6, Sukhumvit Rd., Sriracha, Chonburi 20230, Thailand 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand *Corresponding author, E-mail address: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract The paper deals with an experimental investigation on heat transfer and friction loss characteristics in a square-duct heat exchanger with inclined-baffle inserts. Air as the working fluid enters the test duct having a uniform surface heat-flux. The inclined baffles were placed on both sides of a rectangular centre-cleared tape/frame before diagonally inserting the baffled frame into the test duct to produce longitudinal vortex flows through the test section. Effects of five different baffle-to-duct height or blockage ratios (b/H=BR=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) on heat transfer, pressure loss and thermal performance in the square duct are examined for Reynolds number ranging from 4100 to 25,600. The baffle-pitch to duct-height or pitch ratio (P/H=PR) and an attack angle (α) of the baffle were fixed at 3.0 and 30°, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the heat transfer and pressure loss in the form of respective Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) from the baffle tend to increase with the rise of Reynolds number (Re) and BR. The maximum enhancement in Nu and f has been found to be 4.61 and 63.67 times above the smooth duct, respectively. The thermal enhancement factor (η) is maximum at BR=0.3.
Keywords: Inclined baffle, Square duct, Thermal performance, Reynolds number, Vortex generator.
175 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0009 Performance assessment in a heat exchanger tube fitted with perforated-rectangular-winglet tape inserts
Chotiwut Prasopsuk1, Witoon Chingtuaythong1, Chitakorn Khanoknaiyakarn2,
Sompol Skullong3,* and Pongjet Promvonge4
1 Department of Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Thepsatri Rajabhat University, 321 Naraimaharat Road, Talaychubsorn, Lopburi 15000, Thailand. 2 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Nonglalok, Bankhai, Rayong 21120, Thailand 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, 199 M.6, Sukhumvit Rd., Sriracha, Chonburi 20230, Thailand. 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. * Corresponding Author: E-mail address: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract An experimental work has been conducted to examine the turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics in a constant heat-fluxed round tube with perforated-rectangular-winglet tape (PRWT) inserts. The fluid flow and thermal characteristics are presented for Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 4100 to 25,400. In the current study, a straight tape with 45° PRWT mounted repeatedly on both tape sides is inserted into the test tube to generate two pair of longitudinal vortex flow throughout. The influences of punched hole or pore diameter on the winglet (d = 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mm) having a single winglet width ratio (b/D=BR= 0.24) and a winglet pitch ratio (P/D=PR= 3.0) on heat transfer and friction loss behaviors in the tube are investigated. The experimental results show that the PRWT provides higher heat transfer rate and friction loss than the smooth tube. The reduction of pore diameter, d results in the increase in Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) values. The inserted tube with d = 2 mm yields the highest thermal performance of about 1.46. Comparing thermal performance at a similar operating condition, the PRWT with d= 2 mm performs around 1%, 1.8% and 3% higher than the one with d = 3, 1.5 and 1 mm, respectively.
Keywords: Winglet; Heat exchanger; Turbulent flow; Vortex generator; Thermal performance
176 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0010
Smart Building Energy Solutions Technologies – Possible Development and Limitations in Thailand Supermarkets
D. Woradechjumroen1*
1 Department of Mechanical System Engineering and Industrial Innovation, School of Engineering, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected] (+66)948503366
Abstract Currently, smart building functionalities are developed in terms of enabling technologies for providing a personalized, comfortable and productive indoor environment to occupants with low energy consumption and environment impacts. However, the status quo of these system operations is, non-personalizable with low energy efficiency, high operation and maintenance expenditure, and high environmental impacts due to 1) faults, which are inherently introduced during initial installation or developing during routine operation; 2) unexperienced building operators and maintenance teams leading to inefficient building energy management; and 3) lacking of sufficient monitoring systems and complete diagnostics. Reducing the problems and managing detected faults in time before changing to failures, many field retrofit investigations demonstrated that energy saving potential can be up to 50%. To this end, many researchers have been developing applicably enabling technologies to achieve near-optimal and high efficient building operation in the U.S. However, smart building innovation is still infancy in developing countries due to several barriers. This paper initially reviews and synthesizes the non-invasive and enabling technologies called “Smart Building Energy Solutions Technologies (S-BEST)”, which have been implemented in the real world. S-BEST composes of: 1) data carrier; 2) data fusion and mining; 3) virtual sensing and modeling technology; and 4) automated diagnostics, decision-making and soft-repair technologies. To limit from small- to medium-scale commercial building, supermarkets are selected as the case study because they are one of the most electricity-intensive types in commercial building sector, and they are integrated with the complex systems including: heating, ventilation and air-condition and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems; these two systems are coupled in terms of energy interaction and are the integrated largest contributor of energy usage and electricity peak demand. Then, the limitations and development of S-BEST are systematically discussed and envisioned by a successful case in Nebraska and the example of the author’s current project in Thailand. Monitoring systems of HVAC&R are analyzed and improved for high fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) efficiency. Eventually, typical faults diagnostics which are significantly required to develop as commercial product or benchmark guideline are concluded for Thai smart supermarket in near future. Keywords: Commercial Supermarket, Data Exchange Carrier, Data Fusion, Virtual Sensor, Fault Diagnostics
177 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0011
Data Fusion Technique for Leveraging Reliability of Supermarket Field Data
D. Woradechjumroen1*, Taperit Tongshoob1
1 Department of Mechanical System Engineering and Industrial Innovation, School of Engineering, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected] (+66)948503366
Abstract Energy savings utilizing both energy management strategy and enabling technologies are significantly challenged by many researchers. Especially, supermarkets are one of the largest commercial sectors, in which at least 50% of the total power usages are consumed by heating, ventilation and air-conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. Collecting field test data from supermarkets has been efficiently used for the system performance analysis and evaluation because degradation or sudden faults could occur continuously on the HVAC&R in stores; the faults causes excessive power consumptions and decreased system efficiency if the machines are lacked of well-experienced maintenances and commissioning. However, the obtained field data may include faulty operation data, unsteady-state data, sensor measurement errors and uncertainties; all mentioned problems lead to inefficient analysis and unpredictable improvement plans. To this end, this paper presents a data fusion technique for reducing the data errors to improve data reliability for effective HVAC&R performance analysis. Two supermarket data consisting of acceptable and faulty conditions (store A and B) are tested by the proposed strategy. The technique is composed of the three stages. At first, the data are analyzed based the control functions of HVAC&R systems and driving force condition ranges (zone temperature, indoor relative humidity and outdoor temperature). Then, outlier identification based on z-scores (standard scores) is used to determine outliers from a normal power consumption. Thirdly, when an outlier is detected, the energy interaction ranges at the period of the identified abnormal variation are rechecked by the same approach to assure that the detection is not from the severe variation of outdoor temperature from low to very high value. Also, fixed indoor relative humidity ranges are used to reduce the effect to refrigeration systems. The proposed approach shows that the outliers can be detected frequently in store B since faulty operations and commissioning occur continuously due to unsuitable routine operations resulting in excessive power consumptions. The technique can be further used as one of the procedures to clean abnormal data conditions for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) process in related areas. Keywords: Data Fusion, Energy Interaction, Faulty Operations, HVAC&R, Outlier
178 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0012 Performance Study of Four – Bars Linkage Continuously Adjustable Blade Angle Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Maitree. Polsongkram1,* and Precha. Khantikomon1
1 Renewable Energy Technology Research Laboratory (RTER) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Surnarai Rd., Muang, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66832979197 Abstract Drag based vertical axis wind turbine likes conventional savonius rotor suite for low wind speed but it has low power coefficient. Therefore, the present research aims to propose the resultant of improvement drag based vertical axis wind turbine by the four-bars linkage continuously adjustable blade angle. This type of wind turbine was built in lab-scale and tested in open jet wind tunnel. The linkage components were made of the aluminium. The rotor diameter is 0.8 m and 0.6 in height. To study of its performance, effects of rotor solidity, rotor tip speed ratio, statics torque and wind speed on power coefficient are investigated. At wind speed about 3.3 – 5.9 m/s and rotor solidity 0.39 - 0.8 were condition of testing. The testing results showed that this turbine have power coefficient 40% at wind speed 3.9 m/s, rotor solidity 0.8. It revealed that higher rotor solidity was higher static torque. Obviously, This type of wind turbine is suitable and useful for low wind speed conditions. Keywords: Vertical wind turbine; Four-bars linkage; Blade angle adjustable; Rotor solidity.
179 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0013
Development of a New Nomograph for Dry-Cooling Towers
Kanthaporn Lathulee and Wanchai Asvapoositkul*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract A method for construction of a nomograph for dry-cooling tower was presented. This new nomograph was developed based on dry-cooling system demand/supply curves for estimating the performance of an existing dry-cooling tower. It represents the relationship among water temperatures at the inlet and the outlet, air dry-bulb temperature, and a ratio of water-to-air loading for a given dry- cooling tower. The chart is presented in a simple format that is easy to use and understand. It was validated and showed good agreement with experimental measurements. It can be used in dry-cooling tower analysis as well as by cooling tower manufacturers and users for the practical application of the towers. Its implementation and application are simple and straightforward since the working conditions are obtained directly from the chart without complex calculation. The purpose of this study is to create a chart that shows the working conditions thoroughly on a wide variety of situations in one diagram. Keywords: Dry-cooling tower, nomograph construction, cooling tower performance, cooling tower working conditions, cooling tower prediction
180 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0014
Feasible Tool Development for Fault Detection and Diagnosis on Chiller Operations in Thailand
D. Woradechjumroen1*, Chonlathis Eiamworawutthikul1
1 Department of Mechanical System Engineering and Industrial Innovation, School of Engineering, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected] (+66)948503366
Abstract Commercial buildings are one of the most energy-intensive sectors. A chiller system is the most significant machine in this building type consuming around 30% of the total power. However, degradation faults on chillers caused by unsuitable design, improper routine operations and commissioning lead to wasted energy up to 30% in average. Without proper and well-serviced maintenances in time, the faults will become failures causing high cost services and system shutdown. To minimize these happenings, automated fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) has been developed and embedded into on-board controllers of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment (e.g., rooftop unit) used in developed counties such as the U.S. and U.K. With AFDD implementation, the machine controllers can automate the process of continuous commissioning and endow the building energy systems with intelligence so that they can self-diagnose problems and even self-execute correcting actions for non- optimal operations to provide recommendation reports for building operators. AFDD has been growing well in the industrial countries because they have testing facilities and machine laboratories to efficiently develop and test FDD algorithms. However, these testing elements are cost-prohibitive in developing countries like Thailand. To overcome these limitations, this paper feasibly proposes the tool development for FDD applied in water-cooled chillers. First of all, the benchmark method and tool under the research project 1043-RP sponsored by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) are investigated to determine the possible trend of typical faulty operations occurring in the chiller; this project is used as the guideline to limit the scope of considered faults. Next, American and Thai manufacturer’s data are compared and used to construct fault-free models for generating more non-fault models for Thailand chillers. At last, the obtained information from the first two steps are compared and discussed as the feasible benchmark chiller evaluation tool. To evaluate the Thai benchmark method, chiller field data obtained from two commercial buildings are conducted. The proposed benchmark method can be used as an effective tool to further detect and diagnose faults, and it should be further tested for enhancing tool reliability and potential. Keywords: Benchmark Laboratory Data, Chiller, Degradation Fault, Fault Detection and Diagnosis, Manufacturing Data
181 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0015 A Design Improvement for Suitable Gas Inlet and Outlet of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with a Hybrid Serpentine- Interdigitated Flow Field
Nuttapol Limjeerajarus1,2,* and Thatphong Santiprasertkul1,2
1 Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai–Nichi Institute of Technology 2 Automotive Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Thai–Nichi Institute of Technology 1771/1 Pattanakarn, Suan Luang, Bangkok 10250, THAILAND *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected], Tel.: +66-2763-2600 Ext. 2922, Fax.: +66-2763-2600 Ext. 2900
Abstract It has been widely known that a well-design flow field in PEFC requires well balancing in gas distribution, water management, electron transport and pressure drop, which directly affect cell performance and durability. According to our previous work, although the proposed hybrid serpentine-interdigitated flow field was very promising, it still had the low oxygen concentration area, which can be improved. In this work, the design improvement aims to adjust the position and the number of inlet and outlet of gas flow channels in a 50 cm2 PEFC with a hybrid serpentine-interdigitated flow field. An investigation on the cell performance and other transport behaviors has been carried out using CFD techniques via ANSYS FLUENT software. The results revealed that the new inlet and outlet gas flow channel pattern design can provide lower pressure drop, power requirement in anode and cathode side and better water management, as compared with those of the original hybrid serpentine- interdigitated flow field, which could consequently lead to the longer cell lifetime; beside it can provide the better oxygen mass faction distribution which could avoid the cold spot area in cell. Furthermore, these results gave a better understanding that the shorter channel length can provide not only lower pressure drop but also the better water management since the gases can bring the water out more efficiently through the shorter channel length. Keywords: PEFC, CFD, Flow field designs, Hybrid Serpentine-Interdigitated Flow Field
182 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0016
Thermal Comfort Investigations and Evaluation of Air-Conditioning Operations for Lecture Rooms in Tropical Climate Countries
Surasit Thiangchanta, Chatchawan Chaichana*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Rd., Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: +66 53 215 388
Abstract Peak electricity demand in Thailand is critically high in summer. This problem was caused by high demand of room air conditioning for residential. Higher thermostat temperature set-point is a one of methods to reduce this peak. However, the higher thermostat temperature set-point should fall under acceptable range of thermal comfort for occupants. The purpose of this research is to investigate thermal comfort zone of university’s students. Four hundred and one students in Chiang Mai University were randomly selected to participate in this research. An experiment room was prepared. Thermal conditions in the room are conditioned in the following ranges; dry bulb temperature 22-29 °C, Relative Humidity 40-80 %, and air velocity less than 0.2 m/s. Data collection form was prepared according to ASHRAE standard 55. Subject’s data such as age, sex, metabolic rate, and clothing insulation were collected to calculate operative temperature, Percentage of sensation vote, and AMV. During the interview the subject’s data such as dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and radiant temperature were collected. Experiment result shows that mean clothing insulation of survey’s sample is 0.47 clo. Thermal comfort zone for university students is defined in operative temperature range of 23.6-27.4 °C and relative humidity range of 40- 50 %RH. Thus, it can be concluded that the higher acceptable temperature range can be used in air conditioning systems in order to reduce the electricity peak demand. Keywords: Thermal comfort, Air-condition, University.
183 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 ETM0017 Experiments and analysis of propagation front under biomass stratified downdraft gasification
Kasemsil Onthong, Dachdanai Boonchauy Kittipass Wasinarom, Monthon Jaikuson and Jarruwat Charoensuk*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail:[email protected],Tel. 0 2329 8350-1, Fax. 0 2329 8352
Abstract The paper analyses the results of experiments on the stratified downdraft configuration in a gasification reactor. The experimental study using wood pallet as fuel. Air flow rate was varied from 40 lit/min to 90 lit/min. The influence of air flow rate on 1.) Layer height separation 2.) Flame smoldering propagation 3.) Fuel residual carbon composition 4.) Fuel consumption 5.) Equivalent ratio. The result shows that flame smoldering propagation is in counter direction of the supply air for all cases. The propagation speed is increased with the increasing air flow rate supplied from 40 lit/min to 60 lit/min. The peak propagation speed observed at 60 lit/min of supply air. The layer separation is divided into two distinct zone which comprised of 1.) Combustion zone and 2.) Reduction zone. Combustion zone is determine as heat release region. It is dominate by oxidation reaction. While reduction zone is depicted by reduction endothermic mechanism. It is revealed from the thermocouple that there is heat generation zone that cause temperature raise up along reactor. Heat and pyrolysis combustible gas was transport in counter direction to the supply air flow rate which was dominate by diffusion regime at the range of air supply of 40 lit/min to 60 lit/min. This resulting in more speed in counter direction of smoldering propagation in this range of air supply. While increasing air supply rate above 60 lit/min, the convection heat transport has become more effective. Heat and mass is transport in co-direction with supplied air in convection transport mode, which resulting in less diffusion transport in counter direction of supply air. This phenomena confirm by propagation speed is lower in the range of air supply from 60 to 90 lit/min. High carbon residual composition was observed for all range of the air flow rate. The calculated equivalent ratio was varied from 0.42 to 0.90. Keywords: Flame front, Propagation rate, Biomass gasification
184 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0001 Micro-Needle with Polygonal Structure of Micro-Channel for Stress and Blood or Drug Flow Optimization
Ibrahim M.D.1, Yunos Y.S.1*, Watanabe N.2, Mohtadzar N.A.A.3, Semait S.N.H.4, Rigit A.R.H.1, Sunami Y.5, Rahman M.R.A.1, Mohtar M.Z.1 and Wong L.K.1
1 Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2 Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama Prefecture 337-8570, Japan 3 Department of Electrical and Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 4 Press Metal Bintulu Sdn. Bhd., 97000 Samalaju, Sarawak, Malaysia 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa Prefecture 259-1207, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +6082581000 EXT 3265
Abstract This paper presents micro-needle with different tip and inner structure of the needle for optimizations of pain stresses and drug or blood deliveries. The micro-needle comes with several design’s parameters of length ranging from 2mm to 50mm and diameter ranging from 100µm to 200µm. A hollow micro-needle with four different tip designs which are 10°, D3-2, D6 and Quadruple are also designed to optimize the pain stresses parameters. In order to improve the flow deliveries, the inner structure of the channel is modified into various polygonal shape which is square, hexagon and dodecagon. It shows that, having less contact surface area between the skin and micro-needle’s tip and polygonal shape of inner channel has better performance for both of the objectives. These feasible region of average velocity and stress of the micro-needle have satisfied in determining the best design for tip and inner channel of the micro-needle under certain conditions and constraints. The three-dimensional geometry study had improved the insertions performance and efficiencies in painless drug or blood deliveries. Keywords: Micro-needle, drug delivery, blood delivery, polygonal micro-needle, quadrupletip micro- needle.
185 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0002 Tool Wear Characteristics of Near-Dry Cutting with High Hardness Materials
Yaning Zou1, *, Yukio Maeda1, Shinji Ymada1, Kazuya Kato2, Hideki Tanaka2, Takanori Yazawa3, and Tatsuki Otsubo4
1 Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan 2Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-nishikaigan, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 251-0046, Japan 3Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan 4Salesian Polytechnic, 4-6-8 Oyamagaoka, Matida-shi, Tokyo, 194-0215, Japan *Yaning Zou: [email protected], Tel. +81-766-56-7500, Fax. +81-766-56-8030
Abstract Recently, energy saving and global warming gas discharge reduction become the important problem with such as the automobile industry or the aircraft industry. SUJ2(AISI 52100), which has excellent wear resistance, has been selected for use in such as a bearing. However, SUJ2(AISI 52100) is high hardness , so it difficult material to cut. Consequently, wet cutting is generally adopted for the cutting of difficult-to-cut -materals. Wet cutting, which uses a large amount of cutting fluid, is costly and requires considerable energy for maintenance and disposal of the cutting fluid, making this cutting method environmental unfirendly. To reduce the associated cost and environmental load, the near-dry cutting method, which uses a very small amount of cutting fluid, may be preferable for cylindrical cuuting of SUJ2(AISI 52100). However, this method has some drawbacks, such as the cutting stock removal rate and the wear on cemented carbide tools. For example, the cutting stock removal rate is lower than with wet cutting because cutting edge fracture occurs easily in near-dry cutting. In this report, we experimentally examined the relationships among near-dry cutting, the tool materials and the tool fracture. As a result, with the tool materials S05coating, the tool wear can be reduced. Moreover, when the cutting speed was 100m/min of near-dry cutting, the tool fracture was relatively small such as wet cutting. Keywords: SUJ2(AISI 52100), near-dry cutting, wet cutting, tool wear
186 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0003 Influence of Scratch Marks on Undeformed Chip Thickness with a Straight Diamond Tool
Keisuke Amaki1, Yukio Maeda1, Tomohiro Iida1, Kazuya Kato2, Hideki Tanaka2, Takanori Yazawa3, and Tatsuki Otsubo4
1 Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan 2Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-nishikaigan, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 251-0046, Japan 3Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan 4Salesian Polytechnic, 4-6-8 Oyamagaoka, Matida-shi, Tokyo, 194-0215, Japan
Abstract High performance and high efficiency have recently become requirements for information equipment, such as laser printers. As a result, optical scanning components that reduce optical aberration, scatter, and diffraction have become necessary elements in laser printers. Polygonal mirrors are manufactured by polishing a plated or glassy material to a mirror finish. In this study, we shorten the manufacturing process for polygonal mirrors comprised of Al-Mg alloys in order to improve productivity and ultra-precise cutting technology. To achieve that goal, it is necessary to improve the geometric surface roughness achieved during the mirror cutting of Al-Mg alloys, and to remove tear-out marks and scratch marks that occur during the cutting process. We examined the shape of the cutting edge using a straight diamond tool to decrease surface defects during ultra-precise cutting of Al-Mg alloys. We found that the scratch marks caused by crystallization which was crashed at tool produce small pieces, then the small pieces caused scratch marks. We improved the cutting edge shape by using a straight diamond tool to remove scratch marks, and we investigated the influence of surface defects. As a result, we clarified that ductility mode processing of the crystallization was possible by the undeformed chip thickness of less than 100 nm. Keywords: ultra-precision cutting, Al-Mg alloys, diamond tool, scratch marks, undeformed chip thickness
187 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0004 Influence of Surface Roughness to Tool Run-out with Ball Endmill
Shin Nakai1,*, Yukio Maeda1, Daisuke Goto1, Kazuya Kato2, Hideaki Tanaka2, Takanori Yazawa3, and Tatsuki Otsubo4
1Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan 2Shonan Institute of Technology, 1-1-25 Tsujido-nishikaigan, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 251-0046, Japan 3Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan 4Salesian Polytechnic, 4-6-8 Oyamagaoka, Matida-shi, Tokyo, 194-0215, Japan * Shin Nakai : [email protected], +81-766-56-7500, +81-766-56-8030
Abstract Micro-channel chips are used in micro total analysis systems and have been attracting attention in the medical field recently. In general, photolithography technology is used in semiconductor manufacturing to construct micro-channel chip dies. However, this technology requires specific resources, such as expensive clean room facilities, and numerous manufacturing processes, such as photomask fabrication, which involves the application of a photoresist to a substrate. The purpose of this study is to develop processing technology capable of manufacturing micro-channel chip dies through the process of micro endmilling. We disclosed discovered that tool run-out on the order of several micrometers during micro-groove milling reduced machining accuracy and shortened tool lifespan short. Therefore, we experimentally examined a method for reducing the influence of tool run-out on machining accuracy with two-tooth and ball endmills by modifying the tool setting angle. In addition, the relationship between the angle of the cutting edge and the cutting action area in slant milling was also examined. As a result, the modifying the tool setting angle improved the surface roughness of side of groove and reduced the change in the cutting force for two-tooth endmilling. In addition, the modified tool setting angle was able to reduce the influence of groove width of tool run-out by up to 10 percent. In ball end milling, modifying the tool setting angle reduced the influence of tool run-out on machining accuracy. In addition, cutting marks were not formed in the up cut side when the angle of the cutting edge was larger than the maximum amount of undeformed chip thickness. Keywords: Micro-channel chip, Milling, Micro-groove, Tool run-out, Micro endmill
188 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0005 Design and Validation of a Multiple Dilution Microfluidic Chip for a Human Serum Preparation
Therdthai Thienthong1, Ekachai Juntasaro1,*, Witsaroot Sripumkhai2,7, Nongluck Houngkamhang3, Mayuree Chanasakulniyom4,5, Numfon Khemthongcharoen6,7, Montri Yasawong8, Charndet Hruanun2,7, Amporn Poyai2,7, Chamras Promptmas6, Panapat Uawithya9, Wutthinan Jeamsaksiri2,7
1 Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand. 2 Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 51/4 Moo 1 Suwintawong Road, Wangtakien, Muang, Chachoengsao, 24000, Thailand 3 College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok,10520, Thailand 4 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand 5 Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand 7 National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 112 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand 8 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand 9 Department of Physiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +6689-897-1657
Abstract In this paper, a 7-level dilution microfluidic chip is proposed for a human serum preparation process. In the current practice of the human serum preparation process, the human serum is diluted with the Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) using a microwell plate (typically the 96-well plate) at multiple concentrations. This conventional technique is time consuming, and requires a skilled technician and precise equipment in order to obtain the accurate sample dilutions when diluting at a low volume concentration. These issues can be overcome by using a microfluidic chip which increases the accuracy of the volume concentration and reduces the processing time. The proposed dilution chip has been designed based on the use of Taylor-Görtler and Dean vortices generation in a curved duct. In this study, the dilution circuit has been developed based on one type of curved ducts (serpentine curves). The dilution performance has been verified by using the commercial computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code ANSYS FLUENT. The delivery system, inlet locations and volume flow rates of both serum and PBS have been also optimized by using ANSYS FLUENT. Moreover, the optimal design of this 7-level dilution microfluidic chip has been fabricated, tested and validated with the pooled serum specimen (from the Medical Laboratory Service Unit) mixed with either trypan blue or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dilution microfluidic chips are casted in a silicon mold. The silicon mold is manufactured by the deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) process. The human serum sample is diluted in the chip at various flow rates and its concentration is measured by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The flow pattern obtained from the simulation is also validated by the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) which is used to visualize the flow pattern in the microfluidic chip. It is found that there is good agreement between simulation and actual testing results. Keywords: Microfluidics, Dilution chip, CFD
189 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0006 The effects of pulse-current electrodeposition of nickel on a surface roughness and current efficiency
Veerapong Lobtum*, Alongkorn Pimpin, Werayut Srituravanich and Thanaporn Saovaratchai
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330,Thailand Email: [email protected], Telephone number: 6686-785-4901
Abstract An electrodeposition is one of the microfabrication processes that are relatively low-cost, quick and simple. Among various metals, nickel is a common material, which can be applied in many micro-system applications, due to its outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. The ultimate goal is to develop an electrothermal nickel micro-gripper from the electrodeposition process for biological and microelectronics applications, in which the surface roughness of the gripper is an important issue. Therefore, the pulse-current electrodeposition was employed instead of the direct-current one. This paper aims to study the effects of pulse-current electrodeposition on surface roughness and current efficiency of the nickel sulfate solution. The frequency of the pulse-current was varied from 10 to 500 Hz while the duty cycle and peak current was fixed at 50% and 400 mA, respectively. From the results comparing to the direct current technique, no significant difference in roughness and current efficiency was found among pulse-current cases. However, the properties of all pulse-current cases were better than those of the direct- current case. Keywords: Pulse electrodeposition, Surface roughness, Current efficiency, Nickel
190 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0007 Characterization of Microfluidic chips Fabricated by a low-cost technique using a vinyl cutter
Somyot Chirasatitsin*, Cheewarak Rodniam, and Mahdee Samae
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. (+66)74451743, Fax. (+66)74451744
Abstract In laboratory, a prototype of microfluidic chips (FCs) developed for lab-on-chip devices is typically made from polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) polymerized on a silicon wafer master mold. Making the master mold needs expensive and complicated facilities; e.g., the clean room, the UV exposure machine, and the mask aligner, so that the mold is costly, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Recently researchers have been developing low-cost techniques for fabricating FCs. Xurography or “blade writing” is one of the techniques by carving microchannels on plastic films. Eventhough this method has been proposed for a decade, the manufacturing needs to be optimized and clarified. The aims of this study are (1) to investigate the effect of manufacturing parameters such as cutting forces and speeds on dimensions of microchannels as well as (2) to propose the FC fabrication from laminating plastic films. The vinyl cutter of Silhouette Cameo™, Graphtec, USA was used for engraving the polyvinyl chloride films. All channels’ dimension was measured and evaluated by the ImageJ program with Analyze Stripes add-on. It was found that the root-mean-square edge roughnesses (ERrms) effected by the cutting forces were not significantly different. However the cutting speed significantly affected on ERrms, i.e. the higher the cutting speed, the higher ERrms. Moreover, the ERrms were less than 15 micrometers. The average widths of the cut channels were mostly bigger than which of the designed ones. The carved films were cover by laminating films before rolled in a hot laminating machine at 140C. The final FCs were then fabricated with total thickness of 375 micrometers. The cost was about 0.6 Baht (0.02USD) per chip, meanwhile the overall process time was less than 10 min. The xurographic technique with plastic films is promising for prototyping microfluidic chips with cost-effective and rapid processes.
Keywords: Microfluidic chip, Cutting plotter, Line edge roughness, Microchannel
191 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0008
Development of Photopolymerized Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate Micro-tubes for Glaucoma Treatment
W. Mama1, A. Pimpin1, W. Srituravanich1,*, R. Itthipanichpong2, A. Manassakorn2,
V. Tantisevi2 and P. Rojanapongpan2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand 2 Department of Ophthalmology Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail [email protected], Telephone Number (+66)02-218-6586, Fax Number (+66)02-252-2889
Abstract Glaucoma is the world’s second leading cause of blindness. More than 70 million people worldwide have been affected by this disease and will increase more than 100 million people in 2040. High eye pressure associated with Glaucoma can cause damage to the posterior structures of the eye resulting in vision loss. Currently trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage devices are the most commonly used and established methods to treat Glaucoma. However, there is still a critical issue regarding complications. In this work, a novel micro-tube using polyethylene glycol diacrylate for Glaucoma treatment is proposed. The proposed micro-tube is fabricated by photopolymerization of polyethylene glycol diacrylate in a polydimethylsiloxane mold. The fabrication process of this micro-tube provides several key advantages over the techniques used for fabricating other glaucoma drainage devices including simplicity, low cost, high throughput, and room temperature process. Furthermore, the fabricated micro-tubes can be filled with functional materials to improve the performance and reduce the complications. In the experiment, the fabricated micro-tube was implanted into a dead pig eye whereas the result showed good flow properties of the micro-tube suggesting a great potential of using polyethylene glycol diacrylate micro-tube for Glaucoma treatment.
Keywords: glaucoma, micro-tube, polyethylene glycol diacrylate.
192 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 MSN0009 Large Scale Fabrication of Self-Powered Sensor Array Using Low-Cost Roll-to-Roll UV Embossing
Lokesh Dhakar1,2, Chengkuo Lee1, and Francis Eng Hock Tay2,3,*
1 Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +65 6516-6818
Abstract As the electronic devices and sensors are making advances day-by-day, powering these devices has emerged as a major challenge. Currently, majority of the commercially available sensors are powered using batteries. Recently, a new category of sensing devices or sensors has emerged which can do sensing without the need of any external power. These sensors basically generate an electrical signal in response to a parameter of interest that needs to be measured. Piezoelectricity is one of the common ways that has been used for self-powered sensors. Triboelectric mechanism based devices provide another potential method to realize self-powered sensors. One of the major problems for commercial application of these self-powered triboelectric pressure sensors is lack of manufacturing techniques to fabricate these devices in a scalable manner. In this work, we present roll-to-roll UV embossing based fabrication of self- powered large scale pressure sensors arrays. The pressure sensor array demonstrated a pressure detection sensitivity of 1.33 V kPa-1. These sensor arrays have application in remote monitoring, sleep pattern detection, motion tracking and electronic skin application. In this paper we demonstrate the application of large scale pressure sensor array for posture monitoring. This work demonstrates scalable fabrication of self-powered pressure sensor arrays using roll-to-roll process, which will lead to extremely low cost and bring them closer to commercial production. Keywords: Triboelectric nanogenerator, self-powered, pressure sensing, roll-to-roll process.
193 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0001
STUDY IN THREE MODELS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA JET
Kamonchanok Deemek1*, T. Traikool1, P. Chumthong1, Nopporn Poolyarat2, and Thawatchai Onjun1
1 Materials and Plasma Technology Research Unit, School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand, * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 0988540663
Abstract Plasma technology has played an important role in industrials process nowadays, especially in term of semiconductor device with a procedure plasma will generate and change some reaction on the materials process. Recently, scientists also found the advantage of plasma can be used in term of sterilization or biological which many literatures reviewed that plasma can effect on many bacteria. The aim of these studies is to optimize the suitable model for treat the sample that we interest in our laboratory experiment by compare 3 models of plasma jet all of models consist of inner electrode and outer electrode the Pyrex glass was used to be a dielectric material the difference between the models is for the model l at the end of the tube has a pipe tip shape. The model 2, normal Pyrex glass while the model 3 has a dielectric cover the inner electrode. The power discharge values were used to be a main factor that we consider. . Keywords: Atmospheric pressure plasma, plasma jet, power discharge.
194 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0002
Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Commercial Pure Titanium Processed by Multi-directional Forging
Isao Kuboki1*, Ayao Ishikawa2 and Tetsuro Yanaseko1
1 Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-42-628-4471
Abstract This paper describes grain refinement of commercial pure titanium processed by multi- directional forging (MDF) and the mechanical properties of the processed titanium to investigate the possibility of improving these properties. Titanium has excellent characteristics, such as high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, light weight, and high strength. Therefore, it is widely used in medical applications and transportation vehicles. Alloying processes are commonly used to obtain titanium with high strength; however, titanium alloys are expensive and have low recyclability. Therefore, severe plastic deformation is performed to improve the mechanical properties by grain refinement of commercial pure titanium in this study. Equal-channel angular pressing and accumulative roll-bonding, which are severe plastic deformation processes, have attracted attention as ways to improve the mechanical properties. However, much less work has been done on applying severe plastic deformation techniques to titanium using its deformation resistance, which is larger than that of other light metals such as aluminum. Therefore, grain refinement of commercial pure titanium is achieved using MDF. This technique can reduce seizing and galling between a material and a die by decreasing the constraining surface, and bulk materials can be used as specimens for MDF. In this study, severe plastic deformation is applied to commercial pure titanium by MDF at room temperature. The MDF process is performed while the loading axes are changed (i.e., x → y → z → x…) from pass to pass. By repeating this process, the shape of specimens is maintained during severe plastic deformation. The grain size of commercial pure titanium annealed at 773 K after six MDF passes is 0.63 μm. In addition, this specimen is processed by three more MDF passes and then annealed at 723 K to recrystallize it, resulting in grain refinement down to 0.48 μm. The hardness of the specimen is increased from 139HV0.2 to 254HV0.2 by grain refinement. Moreover, the grain size dependence of the hardness is increased in the region where the grain size is less than 1 μm. Keywords: Commercial pure titanium, Grain refinement, Mechanical property, Severe plastic deformation, Multi-directional forging
195 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0003
Development of a Four Wheeled Reconfigurable Mobile Robot and Effects of Driving Wheel Sideslips on Grassy Slopes
Nobuhiro Ushimi1,*, Yukiya Nishida1, and Shiyo Fukukawa1
1 Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan * E-mail: [email protected], Tel: +81-92-673-5608, Fax: +81-92-673-5642
Abstract Wheeled mobile robots expect a high speed exploration and low production costs compared with crawler type of mobile robots. The four wheeled mobile robot has especially a simple driving mechanism and good maintenance characteristics. In the field of the farm machine, the four wheeled mobile robot on a rough terrain is expected as the farming autonomous robot. A four wheeled reconfigurable mobile robot is developed for use on the rough terrain slope. The developed mobile robot is composed of active articulated four legs and four driving wheels. The effectiveness of the developed mobile robot is shown in experimental results. Keywords: Reconfigurable Robot, Rough Terrain, Sideslip, Grassy Slope
196 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0004
Effect of Humidified Hot Air on Change of Free Fatty Acid Content of Brown Rice during Storage
Nittaya Junka1*, Chalermchai Wongs-Aree2, and Chaiwat Rattanamechaiskul3
1 Division of Crop Production Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Muang, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand 2 Postharvest Technology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien Campus, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand 3 Department of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathiu, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
* Corresponding Author: [email protected], TEL: +66 3426 1065, FAX: +66 3426 1065
Abstract The aim of this research was applying fluidized bed drying to inactivate lipase enzyme to prevent hydrolysis of lipids in rice bran that gave rise to free fatty acid content (FFA), which resulted in undesirable rancidity for consumers during storage. The paddy with post harvested moisture content of 33.3% (d.b.) was dried by hot air (HA) and humidified hot air (HHA) in a range of temperature of 100-150oC. At such a drying temperature range, the relative humidity (RH) was given in the range of 1-3% and 6-31% for the HA and HHA. The result of drying kinetics revealed that the drying time of HHA was longer than that of HA because the difference of water vapor concentration between paddy surface and drying air was lower. The grain temperature of treated sample by HHA rapidly increased during the early period of drying process since the condensation of water vapor released the latent heat of state change from vapor to liquid. For analyzing of FFA content, that content of reference sample dried by sun drying obviously increased with increasing the storage time for 3 months (analyzed every month). The FFA formation of dried sample decreased with increasing the drying temperature and RH. At the storage time for 3 months, the sample was dried by HHA at 150oC and RH of 7% had the lowest FFA content. Keywords: Humidified hot air, Free fatty acid, Storage
197 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0005
Effect of Drying Conditions on Energy Consumption of Para Rubber Sheet Drying
Chaiwat Rattanamechaiskul1*, Jakkrit Potichalung1, Thawatchai Wingwon1, Wattana Boontum1, Naruebodee Srisang1 and Nittaya Junka2
1 Department of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathiu, Chumphon 86160, Thailand 2 Division of Crop Production Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Muang, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], TEL: +66 7750 6410, FAX: +66 7750 6425
Abstract Under daily different weather conditions particularly in the South of Thailand, raw para rubber sheet was necessary to dry by hot air dryer for avoiding mold problem before storage and shipment. The objective of this research was investigated effect of various drying conditions on drying kinetics, color and energy consumption of raw para rubber sheet during drying. The raw sample with an initial moisture content of 25.0% dry basis (d.b.) was dried by hot air dryer, consisted of electrical 2.0 kW blower and 1.0 kW heater, in a range of temperature and air velocity of 50 - 70oC and 0.3 - 0.7 m/s, to the final moisture content of 3.0% d.b. The results showed that the time used in drying process related the drying temperature and air velocity; that time was decreased with increasing the drying temperature and air velocity. The drying by hot air temperature of 70oC and air velocity of 0.7 m/s was the shortest. In the range of drying condition study, dried para rubber sheet had color quality, analyzed by colorimeter in terms of whiteness/blackness (L*), redness/greenness (a*), yellowness/blueness (b*) and Hue angle, following by commercial standard. To dry raw para rubber sheet with the lowest energy consumption, it should be dried by hot air temperature of 70°C and air velocity of 0.7 m/s for 16 hr. Keywords: Drying, Energy consumption, Para Rubber Sheet
198 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0006
Guided Waves Response to the Defect in Wire Cables under Tensile Force
Shunsuke Ozono1 and Takuma Matsuo 1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of science and technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Phone/Fax: +81-44-934-7737
Abstract A nondestructive inspection technique utilizing a guided wave is required to evaluate the damage and degradation of wire cables. However, the calculation or simulation of characteristics of guided wave propagation in wire cables is complicated because many wave propagation paths exist in twisted threads. In this study, changes in propagation of guided waves were studied. First, changing wave propagation paths as a function of tensile force were studied using simplified cable made of wires with two strands. Guided waves were produced by a pulse YAG laser and detected by three PZT transducers. In the setup, guided wave excitation utilizes the adiabatic expansion at the irradiated position. The pulse energy was 200 mJ and the propagation distance was 560 mm. At the laser-irradiation strand, the first arrival waveform packet changed as a function of tensile force. The amplitude decreased, and the arrival time was later as tensile force increased. This propagation mode of guided waves was similar to the L(0,1) mode of a rod with the same diameter as a wire, according to a group velocity dispersion curve of the rod. The wavelet contour maps of detected waves nearly matched. Thus, L(0,1) mode of guided waves mainly propagated in the strands. The mode with a frequency close to the resonance frequency of PZT transducers was detected between the L(0,1) mode and F(1,1) mode. This mode was denoted as the L-like mode. We presumed that the L-like mode propagated in the entire wire cable. Second, the propagation of waves in a wire cable with and without defect were compared. We found that the amplitude of propagation in the L-like mode decreased in proportion to the magnitude of defect. As a result, the amplitude of the L-like mode has high responsiveness for defects of wire cables and defects can be discovered under tensile force. Keywords: Wire cable, Guided wave, Nondestructive inspection, Wavelet transform
199 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0007
Evaluation of Fracture Process of a Polymer Gel Using a Non-contact Acoustic Emission Method
Yuji Arasawa1*, Takuma Matsuo1 and Takashi Nakamura2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 2Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University *1-1-1 Higashi-Mita Tama-ku Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan [email protected], +81-44-934-7737
Abstract Polymer gel has been actively used in many products such as contact lens and jelly-like food and has also been applied as a damping material. Because the gel is also applied in polymer actuators, understanding its mechanical characteristics in fracture is important. This study aims to develop a method of monitoring the fracture process by using acoustic emission (AE) testing. Gel fracture was monitored by the contact, water immersion, and air-coupled methods. These methods were applied to the agar gel in a compression test to evaluate the fracture process. The compression rate was set at 3 mm/min, and the occurrence tendency of AE for each method was recorded and compared. The agar gel used had a cylindrical form (diameter 30mm, height 35mm) with a concentration of 2.5wt.%. The contact method used contact-type AE sensors (R15α, R6), which were set along the surface of the gel at equal distances. The agar gel was immersed into purified water and sensors similar to those in the contact method were set along the side wall of the glass container. The air-coupled method uses non-contact type AE sensors (NCG100, NCG200), which are set on the opposite sides of the gel at a distance of 20mm from the surface of the gel. Using these methods, AEs of two behaviors were detected in the compression fracture process. One was generated during syneresis by the compression load, and the other was generated during internal crack initiation. Furthermore, characteristics of AE generation were compared. The contact method detected the AE of each process but generated contact noise owing to large deformation. The immersion method detected the AE of each process, but its sensitivity to syneresis was found to be low. The air-coupled method detected the AE of only syneresis because the detectable frequency range of the sensors used in this method was not suitable for internal crack process.
Keywords: Polymer gel, Acoustic emission, Large deformation, Fracture, Non-contact measurement, Air-coupled ultrasonic method
200 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0008
Design of Cement Articulating Spacer Silicone Mold from Rapid Prototype Model
Anuphong Nantanarungruang1, Promtpong Anuchitchanchai2,*, Kitti Aroonjarattham2, Chompunut Somtua1,3 and Panya Aroonjarattham1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand, 73170 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10170 * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Tel: 66-3839-4850 Abstract The patient with the knee arthrosis was treated by replace the total knee prosthesis at the knee joint but they had a chance to infect after the surgery. After infection, the surgeon had to re-implant with the antibiotic cement, which was made by the surgeon’s handmade that effect to the patient to take a long time in the surgery. This research aims to use the reverse engineering process and rapid prototype model to construct the custom-made articulating spacer for the patient by using the silicone mold and to compare with the ABS mold in the previous study. The result was shown the best fit to femur and tibia bone model that had a smooth surface and easy to remove from the mold. The silicone mold will help the surgeon to reduce time during the surgery’s process and to reduce cost from the sterile process. The short period in the surgery will help the patient to take less time for recuperate from the surgery and return to the normal activities. Keywords: Cement Articulating Spacer, Silicone Mold and Rapid Prototype Model.
201 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0009
The Strain Distribution around Pin-track hole on Varus Femur of The Elderly under Dynamic Loading Conditions
Kittipong Sangrit1, Kitti Aroonjarattham2,*, Promtpong Anuchitchanchai2, Chompunut Somtua1,3 and Panya Aroonjarattham1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand, 73170 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10170 * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Tel: 66-3839-4850
Abstract The pin-track hole after total knee arthroplasty was reported the cause of distal femur fracture on post- operative. This hole was used to mark in the computer-assisted navigation surgery process, which was increase the precision of total knee replacement. This research aims to evaluate the maximum equivalent of total strain at pin- track hole on varus femur of the elderly under dynamic walking and dynamic stair-climbing condition. The result of dynamic loading had the higher strain distribution on the pin-track hole than the static loading and the reduction of time cycle, which was represent the accident on the patient had the higher strain distribution on the pin-track hole than the normal time cycle but the dynamic loading did not affect the bone fracture at pin-track hole because all models had the maximum equivalent of total strain on pin-track hole less than 25,000 microstrain. Keywords: Varus Femur, Dynamic Loading, The Elderly and Pin-track Hole.
202 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0010
Improvement of defect detectability in pulse phase thermographic non-destructive inspection using data processing techniques
Kou Kubodera1, Masashi Ishikawa2, Masashi Koyama3, Hiroshi Hatta4, and Yasuo Kogo1
1 Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katushika-ku, Tokyo, 128-8585 Japan 2 Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan 3Meisei University, Hodokubo2-1-1, Hino-shi Tokyo, 191-0042 Japan 4Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan * Corresponding Author: E-mail:[email protected], +81-3-5876-1717 ,+81-3-5876-1614
Abstract Pulse phase thermography is a thermographic non-destructive inspection method, which uses phase images constructed by applying Fourier transform to the thermal data observed by an infrared camera for defect detection. In this study, two data processing techniques were examined to improve the defect detectability in the phase images. One technique involves applying a moving average to the temperature data along the time axis before applying Fourier transform, and the other technique involves applying a two-dimensional moving average filter to the thermal images at each time step obtained by the infrared camera. Numerical and experimental results revealed that although the noise in the phase images was reduced only in the high frequency range when applying the average along the time axis, it was reduce in the whole frequency range when applying the two-dimensional filter. These results suggest that applying a two-dimensional average filter is more effective to improve defect detectability in phase images for various depths of defects. Keywords: Non-destructive testing, Infrared thermography, Pulse phase thermography, CFRP
203 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0011
The Strain Distribution on Femoral Bone Inserted Hip Prosthesis and Intramedullay Nail under Dynamic Loading Condition
Kittigorn Chalernphon1, Prompong Anuchitchanchai 2, Kitti Aroonjarattham2, Chompunut Somtua1,3 and Panya Aroonjarattham1,*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand, 73170 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10170 * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract The dynamic walking and stair-climbing condition act as the continuous load that similar to the daily activities. This study aims to evaluate the strain distribution on the femoral bone, femoral bone inserted hip prosthesis and femoral bone inserted intramedullary nail under dynamic loading condition and to compare the effect of dynamic loading to the bone-implant with static condition. The difference of the maximum equivalent of total strain between static and dynamic loading was 0% on femoral bone model, 0.02% on femoral bone inserted hip prosthesis and 9.52% on femoral bone inserted intramedullary nail. The maximum von Mises stress on hip prosthesis and intramedullary nail had difference 0% and 7.71% between static and dynamic condition respectively. The dynamic loading condition had effect to the femoral bone inserted intramedullary nail. Keywords: Dynamic Loading, Femoral Bone, Hip Prosthesis and Intramedullary Nail.
204 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0012
The Strain Distribution on Varus Knee Corrected by Close Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Technique versus Total Knee Replacement
Yanin Ruangrittisak1, Promtpong Anuchitchanchai2, Kitti Aroonjarattham2,*, Chompunut Somtua1,3 and Panya Aroonjarattham1,*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand, 73170 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10170 * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Tel: 66-3839-4850 Abstract High tibial osteotomy (HTO) was a technique to treat the varus knee to reduce the strain distribution on the medial side by shifting the mechanical axis toward the lateral side. The close wedge HTO was a choice of treatment for many years with the advantage of the bony contact at the osteotomy site. This research aim to evaluate the strain distribution on the varus knee corrected by close wedge HTO and to compare with the normal knee, varus knee and varus knee inserted total knee prosthesis under walking and stair-climbing condition by finite element analysis. The result was shown the strain distribution on the varus knee correct by close wedge HTO lower than varus knee but higher than varus knee inserted total knee prosthesis under both conditions. The varus knee inserted total knee prosthesis had the strain distribution similar to the normal knee. To preserve the ligaments, tendons and meniscus, the surgeon should be correct the varus knee with close wedge high tibial osteotomy. Keywords: Close wedge, High Tibial Osteotomy, Total Knee Replacement and Varus Knee.
205 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0013
Design and Experiments of the Seed Feeder Used in a Sweet Pepper Seed Sorting Machine
Prarin Chupawa, Kiattisin Kanjanawanishkul*, and Thanaphat Nuantoon
Mechatronics Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Mahasarakham City, 44150, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Telephone Number: +66875698383
Abstract Quality of sweet pepper seeds plays an important role since it highly affects germination and vitality of pepper seedlings. However, the pepper seeds are very light and small (their diameter is about 3-4 mm), resulting in difficulty in inspecting seed quality manually. Thus, the long-term aim of our research project is to design and to construct an automated sweet pepper seed sorting machine. It will consist of three main stations, i.e., 1) the seed feeder, 2) the seed inspector using image processing, and 3) the seed sorter using a vacuum suction system. The circular rotating plate is used to transport seeds to all three stations. In this paper, design and experiments of the seed feeder is presented. The blades are radial at outer edge of the seed feeder. They rotate and sweep seeds inside the seed feeder into the blind hole of the circular rotating plate which is also rotating. The experimental results showed that the speed of the seed feeder was 60 rpm and the wait time of the circular rotating plate was 3 s, making a maximum seed singulation rate of 76.3%. Keywords: Sweet Pepper Seeds, Seed Quality, Seed Feeder, Seed Singulation
206 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0014
Integration of Information Literacy Skills with Mechanical Vibration Subject
Nittalin Phun-apai* and Teerapath Limboonruang
Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhornayok 26120, Thailand * Nittalin Phun-apai: E-mail: [email protected], Tel: 02-649500 ext.22055, Fax: 037-322609
Abstract Studying in mechanical engineering course in Thailand, students had to study a mechanical vibration subject which concerned in mathematics and engineering dynamic theory. Many mechanical engineering students of Srinakharinwirot University (SWU) could not pass an examination because they could not understand obviously in the theories and could not imagine problems in mechanical vibration. This research was aimed to develop the information literacy skill in the students in order to help learning in mechanical vibration course and to compare achievement of both before and after learning of mechanical engineering students of SWU. In addition, this research also study of the lesson understanding of students. The sample subjects were 40 students who enrolled in this course in the second semester of academic year 2014. The research tools were achievement tests and satisfactory self-assessment form. The result showed that the academic achievement of the students after using the lesson was higher than that before learning at the score of Mean 4.28 and Standard Deviation 0.55. The result of satisfaction of the self-assessment form was in high level that indicate the most satisfaction was the number 6: the activities encourage learning of students. Keywords: Mechanical Vibration, Classroom Research, Information Literacy Skills, Satisfaction.
207 Poster Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 POS0015
THE INCREASE IN THE QUANTITY OF GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) BY USING ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA
P. Wongpanom,1* T. Traikool,2 T. Onjun,1 N. Poolyarat,2 S. Chittapun,3 N. Amnuaysin,3 and D. Athinuwat,4
1School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand 3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand 4 Department of organic farming management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand Corresponding Author: E-mail [email protected], Telephone Number 080-0918815
Abstract To increase the quantity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of Thai Sung-yod rice by using atmospheric plasma. Thai sung-yod rice was soaked for 4 hours in the oven at 40 ̊C. After 4 hours rice seeds samples were soaked for 24 hours and was exposed by atmospheric plasma which was generated by a high frequency electric field over a parallel copper plate. GABA content was determined by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 630 nm and analyzed by ANOVA software. It is found that atmospheric plasma treatment can increase GABA content when compared to the rice seeds with without plasma treatment.
Keywords: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Atmospheric plasma, Plasma
208 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0001 Empirical models for predicting longitudinal contaminated into One- Dimensional (1-D) steady flow of pipe network system
M. N. Mohamed1*, Elmi Abu Bakar1, M. Najhan Awang1 & S.N Hanisah1
1 School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 014-5198103
Abstract Experiment were undertaken to modelling the longitudinal contaminated behavior in pipe network system. In this study, the venturi tube is investigated to understand the effect of viscosity, pressure drop and condition of pipe on the characteristic of 1-D steady flow as contaminant disturbance. The scope of this study cover fluid flow from the industrial effluent treatment system (IETS) at the source to the final discharge point before release to the environment. Water and heavy oil is used separately as a fluid flow in this experiment to obtain different Reynold numbers in wide range since the Reynold numbers has relative significant to the viscous effect. The result presented, at fluid with low Reynold numbers which is laminar, the length required for fully develop zone is increase proportionally. In this experiment, considering with an assumption the system in steady state, pipe flow in horizontal where there is no change in elevation, incompressible flow and negligible frictional loss. The Bernoulli principle is applied to understand the flow rate changes with pressure and velocity thus obtain different observation with experimental values. Empirical model was developed based on the flow rate of the fluid passing through the venturi. The result indicated the characteristic of the fluid in flow system for model prediction at constant area, variable change in pressure in venturi showed satisfactory with theoretical values and the understanding of this behavior can be used in monitoring and predicting the fluid flow characteristics of heavy metal discharge in pipe network system. Keywords: Venturi, IETS, Reynold numbers, Bernoulli principles, empirical models.
209 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0002 An experimental study of two-phase air-water flow patterns in rectangular micro-channels 1,* 1 2 Naphat Phumsamut , Maturose Suchatawat , and Sira Saisorn 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand * Corresponding [email protected], Telephone Number: 088 901 7188,Fax number: 023 264 198
Abstract This paper presents a study of air-water two-phase flow patterns during upward flow in vertical rectangular micro-channels. Small size of experimental equipment set was created to be connect with computer will be used in this study. The test section is made from copper plate consisting of 26 parallel rectangular channels. The cross section of each channel is 0.45x0.40 mm2 and the length is 26 mm. the ranges of gas and liquid superficial velocity are 0.104–4.17 m/s and 0.208–1.46 m/s respectively. Gas and liquid were fed from a common manifold show that in each channel, there was an uneven distribution of air and liquid. All flow characteristics are captured and recorded by a digital camera with high resolution lens. The experimental results show that slug flow and throat-annular flow occur in micro-channel heat sink. Comparison with flow transition boundaries reported in literature are also presented. Keywords: two-phase air-water flow, rectangular micro-channels, flow pattern.
210 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0003 An experimental study on the thermal condition for a person sitting near a glass window with a vertical venetian blind installed
Somsak Chaiyapinunt1,*, Rangsarid Patthanapanich1, Benjamin Tenbuuren1, Chayakorn Sitsumeth1 and Nopparat Khamporn2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Siam University, Petkasem, Bangkok 10160, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail. [email protected], Tel. 022186610, Fax. 022522889
Abstract In this article, an experimental study on the thermal condition for a person sitting near a glass window with a vertical venetian blind installed is performed. The mean radiant temperature and PPD (predicted percentage of dissatisfied) are chosen to be the parameters for describing the human thermal comfort. Two types of glass windows, a clear and tinted glass, are chosen for the study. Three blind slat angles, 45ᵒ, 0ᵒ and -45ᵒ, are used to illustrate the effect of the blind slat angle on the human thermal comfort condition. From the study, it is found that the human thermal comfort condition for a person sitting near a glass window with a vertical blind installed is mainly dependent on the transmitted solar radiation incident on a person. In this study, it is found that the clear glass window with a blind installed at -45ᵒ slat angle gives the most thermal discomfort condition and the tinted glass window with a blind installed at 45ᵒ slat angle gives the least thermal discomfort condition. Keywords: Vertical venetian blind, Glass window, Thermal comfort, Mean radiant temperature, PPD.
211 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0004
Experimental Investigation of Water Flow Movement Induced by Ultrasonic Waves
Guillermo Ferrer Sabater1, Rafael Royo1 and Weerachai Chaiworapuek2,*
1 Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyers Industrials (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road,Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], 00-66-2797-0999#1868, 0-2579-4576
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of water movement when it is subjected by high frequency waves. The experiment was carried out in a water tank, having a size of 1m width x 1m length x 0.5 m height. During the test, the water level was kept at 0.3m height. The ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 25 and 40 kHz were generated using the 60 W transducers at a side wall. Data acquisition-processing by hot wire anemometer is utilized to capture the behavior of water flow/particles under the influence of the ultrasonic waves. The obtained results from this experiment were found to reveal the physics of water flow/particles, affected by ultrasound and will be an important information in the field of fluid mechanics.
Keywords: Water flow, Ultrasonic waves, Hot wire anemometer, velocity measurement.
212 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF005 Effects of CH4 and CO2 on Intrinsic Instability of Synthetic Thai Natural Gas Flames
A. Kaewpradap* and S. Jugjai
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], (662) 4709267, (662) 4709111
Abstract Natural Gas (NG) is widely applied in many sectors of Thailand such as industrial and transportation sectors. There are many sources of NG in Thailand which were categorized locally as eastern and western sources. The main components of NG are 84.1% of methane (CH4), 15.9% of Carbon dioxide (CO2) and 76.0% of CH4, 24.0% of CO2, for eastern and western sources, respectively. As the difference of NG composition between two main sources, this study focused on the effects of CH4 and CO2 on synthetic Thai NG flames. In order to investigate the effects of CH4 and CO2, the lean combustion was applied to observe the change of cellular premixed Thai synthetic NG flames due to reduction of emission. The variation of CH4 was varied between 74.4-76.6% and 80.0-83.7% for western and eastern NG sources, respectively. The variation of CO2 was varied between 19.5-37.7% and 15.9-36.0% for western and eastern NG sources, respectively. These variations affected to sharp peak frequency, cell size and attractor of cellular flames. For the same CH4 composition, greater cell size was obtained from western NG source compared with eastern NG source. Moreover, the 1% decrease of CH4 composition affected to 1.4% and 1.5% increase of cell size from eastern and western NG sources, respectively. As the same CO2 composition, the greater cell size was obtained from western NG source compared with eastern NG source. Moreover, the 10.0% increase of CO2 composition affected to increase of cell size about 59.9% and 35.9% for eastern and western NG source, respectively. The results showed decrease of CH4 and increase of CO2 induced higher sharp peak frequency, greater cell size and attractor due to higher instability intensity. At same CH4 composition, more stable flame was obtained from eastern NG source compared to western NG source, and it had no effect difference on decreasing of CH4 for both sources. At same CO2 composition, more unstable flame was observed from eastern NG source compared to western NG source, and it had more effects on decreasing of CO2 for eastern NG sources.
Keywords: Cellular flame, CH4, CO2, Synthetic Natural Gas, Diffusive-thermal instability, Cell size, Attractor
213 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0006 Comparison Study on Fabric Duct System Design Method
Chirdpun Vitooraporn1*, Taweephong Sirikuttanon2
1 Dept. of Mech. Eng. Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University, 254 Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand 2 Dept. of Mech. Eng. Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University, 254 Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand * [email protected], 02-218-6622, 02-252-2889
Abstract Fabric duct system has been used extensively in the past ten years due to its simplified design, uniform air dispersion, cost saving, lightweight, quiet, no risk of condensation, hygienic, easy to maintain and use. Moreover it can provide colorful duct outlook and can be recycled. Conventional metal duct system normally discharges air through equally spaced side mounted metal diffusers which resulted in less efficient air mixing in the occupied space and hence can cause drafting and hot or cold spots. For fabric duct system, air is discharged more uniformly along the entire length of the duct system providing consistent and uniform air dispersion in the occupied space and hence better air mixing. However there is no specific method on fabric duct system design at present. Most designers usually rely their fabric duct system design in the hand of fabric duct suppliers such as DuctSox, Phihoda, and etc. in which their designs are totally based on their own experiences from installing the system. The objective of this research is to present a new and independent method for general usage in fabric duct system design. The developed method is based on mathematical model which involved friction loss information for fabric duct from experiments and minimum static pressure to properly maintain duct shape. It also concerns on the regain of static pressure happened along the length of the duct as well as the no. and size of air dispersion openings. The developed method is presented in the form of nomograms for convenient usage. The comparison study between the developed method and method presented by DuctSox is done on the same duct layout. It is found that the developed method tends to provide a larger duct diameter than that from DuctSox. The size of air dispersion opening is the same for both methods but the no. of opening from developed method are less than those from DuctSox. Results also show that the DuctSox method tends to provide less uniform static pressure and flow rate through opening than those obtained from the developed method. Further investigation on other duct layouts to gain more information is expected in the future. Keywords: Mathematical model; static regain; fabric duct system; duct design; nomograms.
214 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0007 Two-phase flow boiling of R-134a refrigerant in a vertical upward circular mini-channel
Pakorn Wongpromma 1, Sira Saisorn 2,*, and Somchai Wongwises 3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10250, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel.:+66 7 7506 410
Abstract Two-phase flow boiling experiment of R-134a refrigerant in a vertical upward circular mini- channel was conducted to investigate flow visualization and heat transfer phenomena. The test section is a stainless steel tube with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 500 mm. Flow pattern and heat transfer coefficient data were obtained for a mass flux range of 250-820 kg/m2s, a heat flux range of 1-57 kW/m2 and a saturation pressure range of 8-10 bar. The results indicated five different flow patterns including slug flow, throat-annular flow, churn flow, annular flow and annular-rivulet flow. The flow patterns were found to have strong influence on the heat transfer coefficients. The heat transfer coefficient at low heat flux tend to be independent of mass flux and vapour quality. Increasing of saturation pressure tends to decrease the heat transfer coefficient. In addition, the comparisons of the experimental results with heat transfer prediction methods for small channels were carried out. Keywords: Flow boiling, Mini-channel, Flow pattern, Heat transfer
215 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0008 Structural Change in Surfactant Solutions in Large Amplitude Oscillation Shear Flow
Takashi Koshiba1,* and Takehiro Yamamoto2
1 National Institute of Technology, Nara College, 22 Yatacho, Yamatokoriyama, Nara, 639-1080, Japan 2 Osaka Electro-Communication University, 18-8, Hatsumachi, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8530, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], TEL: +81-743-55-6082, FAX: +81-743-55-6089
Abstract Surfactant molecule is constructed by the coupling of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. Surfactant solutions have been used in many industrial fields. One of the characteristic features of surfactants is the formation of aggregates called micelles in solution. The formation of micelles needs surfactants with the concentration above a critical micellar concentration and is enhanced by an addition of salt. The configuration of micelles depends on the concentration of surfactants and added salts. Especially, in concentrated solutions, wormlike micelles are formed in the solutions. The flow of wormlike micellar solutions exhibits remarkable viscoelasticity like polymer solutions. However, in this case, there are various interesting phenomena that do not appear in polymer cases. One of them is the shear thickening property appearing in steady shear viscosity curve; that is the increment of shear viscosity. This phenomenon is caused by the structural change in micelles induced by shear flow. Consequently, there are many reports discussing the relation between the micellar structure and flow behavior. In the present study, the structural change in micelles of a surfactant solution for oscillating shear flow with large amplitude was examined. Recently, in order to examine the non-linear property of surfactant flow due to the structural change in micelles, the oscillating shear flow with large amplitude actively studied. However, most studies were carried out using a rheometer of cone and plate type. We prepared the experimental apparatus with a combination of a speed control motor and a rack unit with respect to the oscillating shear flow. The detail of flow regime was the shear flow between two parallel plates. The change in micellar structures in oscillating flow was examined by the observation of white turbidity caused by the flow birefringence. Furthermore, in order to qualitatively evaluate the structural change, we measured the transmitted light intensity using a He-Ne laser source. Test fluid is a mixture of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) 0.03 mol/l and NaSal (sodium salicylate) 0.12 mol/l in a distilled water. In the observation of oscillation flow, we confirmed that the white turbidity occurring immediately after the onset of flow was most remarkable. However, the occurrence of white turbidity became unclear with time. After enough time has passed, the white turbidity appeared only when the reversal of flow direction occurred. These changes in the occurrence of white turbidity with time were synchronized with the reversal cycle of oscillation flow. Furthermore, examining the signal waves of light intensity using the wavelet transformation, we found that the difference in coefficients of wavelet became remarkable in the region of high frequency. These facts suggested that the structural change in micelles might be suppressed by circulation flows occurring in the oscillating flow.
Keywords: Surfactant solution, Oscillation shear flow, Structural Change in Micelles, White turbidity
216 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0009 The Theoretical Analysis and Selection of Suitable Refrigerants Working in The Combined Ejector-Vapour Compression System
Kien Trung Nguyen and Hiep Chi Le
Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology, No 268, Ly Thuong Kiet street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam Email: [email protected], Tel: +84903.637.777
Abstract With the innovation of air conditioning and cooling technology in order to make use of environmentally-friendly and renewable energy, ejector system has attracted much attention. ejector system is advantageous for its simplicity, reliability with low installation and operation cost; yet the main disadvantage is its low COP. The integration of ejector with vapor compression cycle can help improve ejector system’s COP. In this article, the theoretical analysis is made in order to select the ideal refrigerants for the integration cycle. In addition, the effects of generator, evaporator, condenser and intercooler are considered. The results indicate that the ideal refrigerant pair for integration cycle is R600 or R600a on the ejector sub-cycle and R134a or R32 on the vapor compression sub-cycle. Keywords: Ejector, Vapour Compressor, Refrigerant.
217 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0010 Development of Experimental Techniques to Determine Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients in Heat Exchanger Devices
Wasan Kamsanam1,*, Nopparat Katkhaw1, and Wichaphon Fakkaew1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand *[email protected], Tel. 054-466666, Fax. 054-566662
Abstract Air-water heat exchanger devices are essential components in engine cooling as well as in energy transformation for power generation systems. According to the principle of heat exchanger design, the heat transfer performance is directly related to heat transfer area of the heat exchangers. Heat transfer resistance on the air side of the heat exchanger dominates the overall heat transfer resistance. Hence, the heat transfer area with high permeability and high thermal conductivity surface are preferred. However, the increase in surface area also causes large pressure drop which a higher fluid pumping power machine is required. The optimum design to enhance the heat transfer coefficient and minimize the pressure drop should be crucially considered simultaneously. This study aims at developing of experimental techniques to determine convection coefficients in heat exchanger devices. A wind tunnel with the size of flow area at 35 cm x 35 cm is constructed to suit a selected conventional aluminum finned-flat tube car radiator. Non-linear surface fitting method is performed in order to develop correlations to predict the convective heat transfer coefficient. It is expected that the experimental techniques and proposed correlations can be used by engineers to assess quantitatively a preliminary design of air-water heat exchangers.
Keywords: air-water heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer resistance
218 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0011 Influence of Superheated Steam Temperature in Steam Circulation- type Degreasing Systems on Improved Degreasing of Oily Metal Waste
Naoki Maruyama1,*, Hiroaki Ito2, Sho Okochi2 and Masafumi Hirota1
1 Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan 2 Graduate Student, Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Abstract In order to improve the purity of recycled metal, it is important to remove impurities from metal waste. In this paper, a demonstration of an oily metal waste degreasing system using superheated steam is introduced, and the process condition was examined. Here, a practical steam circulation-type degreasing system was introduced for oily metal waste recycling. Superheated steam has special characteristics, such as being an inactive gas and having a high heat capacity. An aluminum cutting chip with water-soluble cutting oil was introduced as a waste material disposed from a milling machine, or lace from metalworking factories. The degreasing system processed oily waste material continuously under the inert gas atmosphere. The target of the adhesion rate of oil on waste metal was less than 1 %. The degreasing rate depends on the process temperature, and the experiments were conducted under the several process temperatures. The system performance was evaluated in terms of the system’s electric consumption, adhesion rates and condition of degreased metal. As a result, the adhesion rate improved by increasing the process temperature, and it reached less than 1 %. However, a part of the metal was melted at higher process temperatures. Therefore, it is important to set up an optimum operation temperature suitable for the material. Keywords: Superheated steam, Temperature dependence, Degreasing, Material recycling
219 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0012 Heat Transfer Performance and Friction Loss of a Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger Using Dimple Tube, Wired Coil and Rings
Nopparat Katkhaw1,* and Wasan Kamsanam1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand * [email protected], Tel. 054-466666, Fax. 054-566662
Abstract This study focuses on the enhancement of heat transfer performance and friction loss in concentric tube heat exchangers. The flow in a circular tube annulus is disturbed by employing three techniques: dimple surface, wired coil and ring. The flow directions have been arranged in counter flow and the water flow rate of the annulus tube varies from 16.-4.8 L/min. Reynolds number of water flowing through the outer tube is varied from 900 to 3,000. Dimple arrangement on the tube surface are primarily investigated by using a numerical modeling to determine the most suitable patterns. The achieved dimple arrangements, wired coil and ring are employed in the concentric tube heat exchangers. Water flow rate, water temperature and pressure at the inlet and outlet of both hot and cold water circuits were measured. The heat transfer performance and friction factor of each techniques were investigated to compare with a smooth tube. The experimental results revealed that the dimple tube, wired coil and ring techniques provide better performances consequently comparing to the smooth tube. Nusselt number ratio of dimple tubes for both inline and staggered arrangement increase about 1.05-1.64 times the value on smooth tube, rings techniques shows the Nusselt number ratio increasing about 2.78-3.44 times, while the wired coil technique reveals the increasing ratio of about 3.72-4.82 times compare to the smooth tube. The friction factor of both dimple arrangements show a lower value than that of the smooth tube about 0.73-1.0 times. Considering rings technique, the friction factor increases about 3.78-4.76 times whereas the wired coil gives quite high number at 56.2-64.9 times. Regarding the effectiveness, ring technique yields a higher friction factor than other techniques at similar Reynolds number. Keywords: Concentric tube heat exchanger, dimpled tube, wired coil tube, periodic ring tube.
220 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0013 The Effects of Detached Baffles that Impacts Heat Transfer and Friction Behaviors within parallel plates
Arnut Phila1,*, Smith Eiamsa-ard2, and Chinaruk Thianpong1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand, 10520 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Road, Nongchok, Bangkok 10530 * Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected], Tel.: (+66)86-506-6564
Abstract This research has its aim to introduce the study upon the characteristics of heat transfer and friction for turbulent flow within the parallel plate under a constant heat flux state at the lower wall. The detached baffles were installed at the plate's lower wall where the placement of the baffles is purposed to block air flow. The height of the detached baffles (e) equals to 6 millimeters in which owns a blockage ratio (BR) of 0.15 with a gap between the baffles that equals to 60 millimeters and its relative roughness pitch (P/e) of 10. Modifications to the floating distance of the baffles have been made as follows: 0, 2, 4,
6, 8, and 10 millimeters, where the ratio of the floating distance of the baffles over the parallel plate's height; (b/H) equals to 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25. Considering an experiment with a plane tube, air as a fluid will be required to work at Reynolds number (Re) starting from 9,000 to 24,000 to study and consider the value of heat transfer in a form of Nusselt number (Nu) and pressure loss in a form of friction factor (f), where the results of the experiment will be compared to the plane parallel plates. The results have proved the detached baffles to have a floating distance of 0 millimeters, giving off heat transfer values and friction factor higher than that of the detached baffles with floating distance of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 millimeters. On the other hand, thermal enhancement factor (η) in the case of detached baffles with floating distance of 0 millimeters and Reynolds number of 9,000, gives off the highest value of 1.31 and is considered higher in value under all conditions within the experiment's conduction. Keywords: Channel flow, detached baffles, heat transfer enhancement.
221 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0014 Characteristics of Heat Transfer in Parallel Plates with Installed Transversal Twisted Tapes
Arnut Phila1,*, Smith Eiamsa-ard2, and Chinaruk Thianpong1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand, 10520 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Road, Nongchok, Bangkok 10530 * Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected], Tel.: (+66)86-506-6564
Abstract This research has studied the characteristics of heat transfer for turbulent flow within parallel plates with installed transverse twisted tapes having varying twist ratios. The height of the twisted tape (w) equals to 6 millimeters, where the ratio of the gap between the twisted tapes over its height (P/w) equals to 10 millimeters with modifications made to the ratio of twisting (y/w) equals to 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 installed at the lower wall of the plate. The experiment is to be done under the state of constant heat flux within the parallel plates with a ratio of the width over height (Aspect Ratio, AR) that equals to 3.75. The experiment is done when the Reynolds number ranges from 9,000 to 24,000. To consider the values of heat transfer as presented with the Nusselt number (Nu), and pressure loss in a form of friction factor (f), it is found that the parallel plates installed with twisted tapes resulted in heat transfer value and friction factor of 1.21-1.56 times and 1.79-2.49 times higher accordingly, when compared to plane tubes. The ratio of twisting though, equals to 1.56 at Reynolds number of 9,000 which resulted in highest value of heat transfer efficiency (η) that equals to 1.24. Keywords: Channel flow, heat transfer enhancement, transversal twisted tapes.
222 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0015 On Airfoil Shape at Reynolds Number of about 100 – 1000
Kazuki ONISHI1,*, Erika TAKAHASHI1, Shogo KONDO1, Hirochika TANIGAWA2 and Katsuya HIRATA1
1 Depertment of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha Univ., Kyoto 610-0321, Japan 2 Depertment of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Maizuru College, Maizuru 625-5511, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-(0)774-65-6455, +81-(0)774-65-6830
Abstract The aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils have been researched in high Reynolds-number ranges more than 106, in a historic context closely related with the developments of airplanes and fluid machineries in the last century. However, our knowledge is not enough at low and middle Reynolds-number ranges. So, in the present study, we have investigated three kinds of airfoils, namely, such two basic airfoils as a flat plate and a NACA0015 together with an iNACA0015 (the NACA0015 placed back to front) which was proposed as a high-performance airfoil for low Reynolds number, in a low-Reynolds-number range of Re = 1.0×102 – 8.0×102, using three-dimensional computations and experiments. As a result, we have revealed the effects of attack angle α upon various aerodynamic characteristics such as the lift coefficient CL, drag coefficient CD and the lift-to-drag ratio CL/CD. Besides, we have visualized the flow structure in three dimensions. Keywords: Low Reynolds number, Airfoil, Wing, Aerodynamics, Drone
223 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0016 Structures, Jet-and-Crossflow Interactions, and Cross-Plane Entrainment Mechanisms of Jet and Controlled Jet in Crossflow
Intakarn Na Takuathung, and Asi Bunyajitradulya*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand * Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected], Telephone Number: +662 218 6645, Fax Number: +662 218 6645
Abstract Structures, jet-and-crossflow interactions, and cross-plane entrainment mechanisms of jet and controlled jet in crossflow (JICF and cJICF) at high jet-to-crossflow effective velocity ratio r of 12 are investigated. The results are then compared to JICF at lower r of 4 as reported by Sornphrom and Bunyajitradulya (2016). On the one hand, in order to determine the volumetric entrainment ratio ( E ) more directly, velocity field information from Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) with (A) jet-fluid only seeding scheme is required. On the other hand, in order to investigate the jet-fluid mixture structures, jet-and-crossflow interactions, and consequently the entrainment mechanisms, additional velocity field information from SPIV with (B) both jet and crossflow fluids seeding scheme is required. As a result, (C) the pure crossflow fluid property can be approximated from the scheme −= ABC , employed earlier by Sornphrom and Bunyajitradulya (2016). The experiment is conducted for a baseline
JICF at r of 12; crossflow Reynolds number ( Recf ) of 3,100; jet Reynolds number of ( Re j ) of 37,000; the jet initial velocity profile of fully-developed turbulent pipe flow. In the cJICF case, case I165, a pair of azimuthal control jets is injected steadily and radially into the main jet before the jet exit at the azimuthal position ( ±θ ) of ±°165 and the control jets to main jet mass flow rate ratio ( rm ) of 4%. The present results show the followings. I) The injection of the control jets at θ ±= 165o helps enhancing entrainment over JICF, consistent with earlier result by Wangkiat et al. (2015). II) When compared to JICF at lower r of 4, similar five flow features are observed in both the present cases of JICF and I165. In addition, similar cross-plane entrainment mechanism is also observed: namely, 1) Jet-CVP-induced surrounding pure crossflow vortical motion, 2) Jet-CVP-induced vertical channel of high upward flow, and 3) Free-jet like entrainment of jet kidney-shaped structure. However, some differences can also be identified. III) When compared JICF at higher r of 12 to that at lower r of 4, it is found that the region of relatively intense entrainment at higher r occurs earlier during the sequence of downward-inward motion of the jet-CVP-induced pure crossflow vortical motion while that at lower r occurs later during the sequence of inward-upturn motion. This results in the region of intense entrainment of JICF at higher r being located more towards the high-lateral side of the jet than that of lower r , which is located more towards the bottom-center of the jet, i.e., in the converging section of the vertical channel of high upward flow. IV) On the other hand, when compared JICF and I165 at this higher r of 12, it is found that while the region of intense entrainment of JICF is mainly in the lateral-lower half of the jet, that of I165 spans in both the lateral-lower and -upper halves of the jet.
Keywords: Jet in crossflow, entrainment, mechanism, counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP), control jets
224 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0017 Scaling-Power Law Correlations for Collapsing the Effects of the Effective Velocity Ratio on Jet-Fluid Mixture Trajectory, Circulation, and Entrainment of Jets in Crossflow
Aekanut Pruekwatana, Kwanmon Sornphrom, Chaowat Tekhuad, Kittikun Wongthongsiri, Pattarapol Soupramongkol, Saran Wangkiat, and Asi Bunyajitradulya*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
* Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. 02-218-6645, Fax. 02-218-6645
Abstract In an attempt to collapse the effects of the effective velocity ratio r on the development along the downstream distance x of jets in crossflow (JICF)’s jet-fluid mixture properties ( q ): namely, the streamwise vorticity trajectory
( y ), circulation ( Γj ), and volumetric entrainment ratio ( E ), original and new scaling laws for these jet- CM , ω ,xj fluid mixture properties are investigated. Unlike past works that are based on field properties, in which the properties are modulated by the surrounding pure crossflow property field, the present work focuses on the jet-fluid mixture properties, in which the modulation from the surrounding pure crossflow property field is eliminated. This is achieved through a set of experiments based on the use of stereoscopic particle image velocitmetry (SPIV) together with the jet-fluid only – and not crossflow fluid – seeding scheme. The experiments are conducted for JICFs with moderate range of r of 4, 8, and 12, and over a moderate range of normalized downstream distance x / rd from 0.5 to 1.5, where d is jet diameter. The investigation of the original scaling law together with the model power law for each of these characteristics shows that the original scaling-power law can describe the development of these jet characteristics fairly well for each separate r . However, the effect of r cannot yet be collapsed in the original scaling law, and consequently the scaling-power law fit has its coefficients depend on r . Specifically, in these original scaling laws, it is found that at the same x / rd , as r increases, the jet-fluid mixture streamwise vorticity penetration, circulation, and volumetric entrainment ratio all increase. Subsequently, attempts are made to modify the scaling laws. The result shows that the appropriate scaling law for the jet-fluid mixture trajectory is
CT CΓ = xfdry rd)/()/( ; for circulation is Γj cf = xfdru rd)/()/( , and for volumetric entrainment ratio is CM , ω ,xj
( − E = xfrAE rd)/()(/)1 , where CT and CΓ are constants and E rA )( is linear function of r . In these scaling laws, it is found that the effects of r on all three jet-fluid mixture properties can be reasonably well collapsed, with the overall scatters (measured with the mean-normalized standard deviation) with respect to the original experimental data of less than 6%-10% when compared to those of the original scaling laws of 18%-44%, overall from minimum to maximum. In addition, it is found that in these new scaling laws the simple power-law fit of the B form π q = xA rd)/( , where A and B are now constants, can describe the development of the new π q along the normalized downstream distance x / rd well. Finally, the result on the scaling law and the power law for jet circulation are in fairly good agreement with those of Broadwell and Breidenthal (1984). Furthermore, in the original scaling-power law, the result on volumetric entrainment ratio is also in good agreement with that of Yuan and Street (1998); and the new scaling-power law encompasses it.
Keywords: jet in crossflow, trajectory, circulation, entrainment, scaling, velocity ratio
225 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0018 Vortex Structure around a Heaving Elastic Airfoil in Separation Region
Masaki Fuchiwaki1,* and Kazuhiro Tanaka1
1 Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan * [email protected], +81-948297763, +81-948297751
Abstract Many researchers have experimentally and numerically investigated the flow field around an unsteady airfoil, which is a common unsteady flow. In recent years, the flow field in the vicinity of moving airfoils capable of flexible elastic deformation has become a focus of attention, and its effects are beginning to be understood. Flow in the vicinity of an elastically deforming airfoil may be understood as a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem, and the motion and deformation of elastic airfoils, as well as the associated vortex flow phenomena in their vicinity, are complicated. The flow field around an elastic body has been investigated primarily by experimental studies. The authors have applied heaving motion to a moving elastic airfoil and studied the vortex structure of the wake as well as the nature of the dynamic thrust acting on the airfoil. Moreover, the authors have showed that the dynamic thrust acting on a moving airfoil in heaving motion depends strongly on the Strouhal number based on the maximum amplitude at the trailing edge of the airfoil by a particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement and a dynamic thrust measurement. Recently, the flow field around an elastic body has been clarified by numerical approaches. The authors have performed fluid structural interaction simulation of the flow field around a moving elastic airfoil using ANSYS/ANSYS-CFX and verified that the vortex flow and the thrust characteristic exhibited trends similar to those observed in the experimental results. However, the details of the impact of elastic deformation effects on the growth process of vortices generated in the vicinity of the wall have not been clarified. So, the authors have investigated the growth process of vortices generated in the vicinity of the wall of elastic moving airfoils using PIV measurement. As a result, the authors have clarified that the elastic airfoil has a characteristic whereby vortices having a rotational component that is stronger than the shear-strain component due to the vorticities in the vicinity of a wall of the elastic airfoil change not only spatial change of x- and y-components. Moreover, in order to clarify the relationship between two key parameters, the Strouhal number St and the non-dimensional bending stiffness K, for the flow field around elastic heaving airfoil, the fluid structure interaction simulation for a flow field around elastic heaving airfoil have been carried out. The authors have found that the non-dimensional bending stiffness was an important parameter that determines the bending characteristics and the moving boundary conditions at the wall surfaces in the fluid and the characteristic of dynamic forces strongly depends on the ratio St2/K. From these results, the authors have understood the characteristic of dynamic thrust acting on heaving elastic airfoils and their wake structure. Next, the authors focus on the dynamic behaviors of the vortices in the vicinity of the wall and the leading edge vortex structure on an elastic heaving airfoil in a separation region. Especially, it is expected that the dynamic behavior of vortices rolled up from the leading edge will be more complex and the characteristics of dynamic forces will be also different from those of the rigid airfoil. In this study, the authors investigate the detailed vortex structure around the elastic heaving airfoil in separation region and the dynamic behavior of the vortices rolled up from the leading edge by fluid structure interaction simulation using ANSYS 16.1 /ANSYS CFX 16.1. In particular, the dynamic behaviors of the vortices in the vicinity of the wall and the leading edge vortex structure on the elastic heaving airfoil at 16 degree of attack angle and not only the vortex structure but also the relationship between the characteristics of dynamic forces and the vortex stucture. Keywords: Airfoil, Vortex, Separation, Fluid Structure Interaction.
226 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0019 Enhancement of Flow Insulation System by Stainless Steel Fibrous Material
Preecha Khantikomol1,* and Maitree Polsongkram1
1 Renewable Energy Technology Research Laboratory (RTER) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Suranarai Rd., Muang, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +66804705287
Abstract Due to the advantage of porous material having a large of surface for all heat transfer modes, it could absorb the energy by convection, transmit the energy by conduction, and emit energy in mode of radiation heat transfer. The porous material, which prevents the heat transfer from the fluid flowing through it, could be called the flow insulator. The present research article aims to propose the enhancement of flow insulation system by using the stainless steel fibrous material. The stainless steel fibrous plate (porous plate) having diameter 120 mm, thickness 10, 20, and 30 mm, and three porosities 0.9292, 0.9469, and 0.9646 were examined. In the experiment, volume flow rates 6-12 m3/h and the inlet air temperatures 350-550 oC were varied flowing through the porous media normally. The temperature change along the test tube, temperature drop across the porous plate, and the thermal conversion efficiency were proposed. Obviously, the temperature drop across the porous plate and the thermal efficiency of the porous plate increase with the inlet gas temperature due to the effect of radiation heat transfer mode. The increasing of porosity, which decrease the heat transfer area, leads to decrease both of temperature drop and thermal efficiency. It could conclude that the fibrous porous material could be a good flow insulator at low velocity, high inlet fluid temperature and low porosity. Keywords: Porous media; Flow insulator; Thermal efficiency; Stainless steel fibrous.
227 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0020 Effect of location of a frozen multi-component food on heating patterns in domestic microwave oven
Waraporn Klinbun1,*and Phadungsak Rattanadecho2
1 Department of Automotive manufacturing Engineering, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, 85/1 Moo 2, Chaengwattana Rd., Bang-Talad, Pakkred, Nonthaburi, 11120, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 99 Moo 18 Phaholyothin Rd., Khlongluang, Pathumthani 12120 * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: +662-837-1003, Fax: +662-832-0391
Abstract Non-uniform heating is a major issue in microwave heating. This study aims to investigate the effect of food location on heating uniformity in domestic microwave oven. In doing this, a comprehensive model (3-D) is developed to solve coupled electromagnetic and heat transfer equations using finite element method based special software. The model simulated thawing of a frozen multi-component food consisting of fried basil chicken, rice, and fried egg. Dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor, are measured using a portable dielectric measurement (Network Analyzer). Thermo- physical properties of samples are characterized using their composition. Simulated temperature profiles were compared with experimental temperature profiles obtained using a thermal imaging camera and fiber optic sensors. The simulated outlet temperatures had a good agreement with experimental data within the maximum prediction error of 5%. The predicted and experimental temperature profiles were provided as inputs to a microbial in activation kinetic model for Salmonella Heidelberg to assess food safety risk in stir fried basil chicken with fried egg and rice. The results from the study can be used to optimize the location of food to achieve more uniform heating and food safety in domestic microwave oven.
Keywords: Microwave heating, modeling, food safety, uniform thawing
228 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0021
The Effects of Protrusion-to-protrusion Spacing on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics on the Internal Surface of Wind Tunnel Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Makatar Wae-hayee*, Ye Min Oo, Krittayoch Yerane, Pathomporn Narato and Chayut Nuntadusit
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand *Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: 0-7428-7231, Fax: 0-7455-8830
Abstract This article, the simulation study of flow and heat transfer on the surface mounted protrusions with inline arrangement was presented. A 3-D model was wind tunnel with rectangular cross section. 3 protrusions were installed perpendicularly to air flow inside the tunnel. The protrusions were sphere with a diameter of 40 mm, and the printed diameter of protrusions on the surface was D=26.4 mm. The height of protrusions was H/D=0.22. A protrusion-to-protrusion spacing were adjusted at S/D=1.125, 1.25, 1.5 and 2. The Reynolds number of air flow inside the wind tunnel, based on the hydraulic diameter of the wind tunnel, was fixed at Re=20,000. The fluid flow and heat transfer were solved using a Shear Stress Transport (SST) k- ωturbulence model. The results show that the high Nusselt number area is found into two regions on the flat surface in the downstream of every protrusion. The average Nusselt number is lower when S/D is larger, and average values for the case of S/D=1.125 and 1.25 is the highest. Keywords: Spherical protrusion, Heat transfer enhancement, Heat transfer coefficient, CFD
229 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0022 The Study on Efficiency Improvement of Air Conditioning System by Using Condensate Water
1 2,* Jakkaphan Chaosuan and Unnat Pinsopon
1 Student in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkult’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand 2 Asst.Prof. in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkult’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper presents numerical and experimental study on efficiency improvement of split type air conditioning unit by using condensate water. Condensate water is fed through the annular ribbed tube double pipe heat exchanger (ADHX) in order to decrease the refrigerant temperature that exits from the condenser. Performances of the proposed system with ADHX and the conventional air conditioning unit without ADHX are tested and compared experimentally. Pull down times of both systems were obtained from transient state experiments. The indoor temperature was initially set at 32 °C while the pull down temperature and the outdoor temperature were set variously. The proposed system with ADHX yielded 22.55% faster pull down time compared with the conventional system when the outdoor temperature was 37 °C, and the indoor temperature was pulled down to 27 °C. COP of both systems were obtained from steady state experiments conducted at various values of indoor and outdoor temperatures. The best performance was found at the 27 °C indoor temperature and 37 °C outdoor temperature, with the COP of the proposed system being 1.5% higher than one of the conventional system.
Keywords: Split type air conditioning, COP, Condensate water, Double pipe heat exchanger.
230 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0023 Effect of Tilt Angle of Cone-Shaped Rotating Disk and Height of Medium on Shear Stress Distribution in a Cell Culture Plate
1 2 1,* Boonrit Keawprachum , Pornsak Srisungsitthisunti , and Nuttapol Limjeerajarus
1 Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Thai–Nichi Institute of Technology 1771/1 Pattanakarn, Suan Luang, Bangkok 10250, THAILAND 2 Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok 1518 Pracharat I Rd., Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, THAILAND 1,* Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected], Tel.: +66-2763-2600 Ext. 2922, Fax.: +66-2763-2600 Ext. 2900
Abstract According to studies in cell biology, cell culture process development can be influenced by uniformity of shear stress distribution applied to cells. However, the method of applying a uniform shear stress in cell culture process development using commercial equipment requires a high volume of medium containing expensive growth factor agent. This study aims to design and develop a new method of producing a uniform shear stress applying to cells by using a cone-shaped rotating disk in order to reduce the needed medium volume. To achieve high uniformity of shear stress distribution at the bottom of a cell culture plate, effect of the tilt angle of a cone-shaped rotating disk and the height of the medium (in term of medium volume) were simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique (ANSYS FLUENT software). The simulation results revealed that higher medium volume (higher medium height) provided a more uniform shear stress distribution. When using 5 ml. medium volumes, the tilt angle of a rotating disk has little effect on the uniformity of shear stress distribution. As a result, a medium volume of 5 ml. and the tilt angle of 15 degrees was the most optimum condition, resulting in an average shear stress of 1.61 Pa and a standard deviation of 0.79 Pa. Keywords: Shear Stress Distribution, Cell Culture Plate, CFD, ANSYS.
231 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0024
Convective Flow and Distribution of Concentration in Porous Media Subjected to Electromagnetic Field (Computation Based on Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Models)
Prempreeya Montienthong 1, Phadungsak Rattanadecho 2,*, and Waraporn Klinbun 3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 99 moo 18, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand 2 Panyapiwat Institute of Management, 85/1 Moo 2, Chaengwattana Rd., Bang Talad, Pakkred, Nonthaburi, 11120, Thailand Corresponding Author: [email protected], 02564-3001 #3153
Abstract This paper is carried out on the simulation 2D model of convective flow in porous media subjected to electromagnetic field. This study focuses on effects of input power of electromagnetic wave and input velocity of fluid on convective flow and distribution of concentration in porous media. The mathematical models based on LTNE consist of Maxwell’s equations, momentum equation, fluid phase energy equation, solid phase energy equation and concentration equation. In numerical simulation, these mathematical models are solved by using finite difference time domain method (FDTD) for electromagnetic field and finite control volume method (FVM) for heat, flow fields and concentration. The effects of input power of electromagnetic wave i.e. 500, 800, 1000 and 1600 W were investigated. Distribution of temperature, velocity field and distribution of concentration during saturated flow inside porous media were discussed. This investigation provides the essential aspects for a fundamental understanding of convective flow and distribution of concentration within porous media while experiencing an applied electromagnetic field such as applications related to the transport of concentration in microwave food.
Keywords: Distribution of concentration, Electromagnetic field (mode TE10), Local thermal non equilibrium (LTNE) models.
232 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0025 Visualisation of Diverse Flows between Co-Rotating Disks in Casing by Numerical Analysis and Experiment
Ryosuke Uenishi1,*, Shouhei Tsugawa1, Tyuyoshi Maeda1, Morihiko Uesaka2, Takashi Watanabe2, Hirochika Tanigawa3, and Katsuya Hirata1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan 2 Department of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Maizuru College, Maizuru, 625-0016, Japan * Corresponding Author: [email protected], +81-(0)774-65-7746, +81-(0)774-15-6830
Abstract The flow in the neighborhood of a rotating disk is of practical importance, particularly in connexion with rotary machines (Schlichting, 1979) common in turbo-machineries. The flow on a single infinite rotating disk or the flow between two infinite co-axially rotating disks has been studied by many researchers. Later, the flow around a single and shrouded rotating disks with a finite radius and the flow between two finite co-axial rotating disks have been studied as well. These flow problems can be found out in various fundamental industrial applications such as axial compressors, vane less diffusers, multiple-disk pumps, disk/dram-brake systems. In general, these types of flow are likely to entail non-axisymmetric secondary flows known as ‘stall propagations,’ which occasionally cause disk vibrations and noises. The authors consider the flow between co-rotating disks, namely, the disks which rotate co- axially in the same direction at the same angular velocity, with a narrow gap enclosed by a stationary shroud at their circumferences. The flow often accompanies azimuthally-fluctuating instabilities; a non-axisymmetric secondary flow nears the shroud. In this study, the authors experimentally and numerically research the flow in torus-vortex modes, in addition to core- shape modes. Specifically speaking, in experiments, the authors visualise the meridian plane (r-θ plane) and the midplane (r-z plane) between co-rotating disks, using a high-speed video camera and a YAG laser to carry out particle-image-velocimetry (PIV) analyses. Based on such PIV results, the torus-vortex modes and the core-shape modes are defined. And by numerical calculations, the authors reveal the details of diverse flow structures in those modes.
Keywords: Rotating Disk, Rotating Flow, Numerical Calculation, Flow Visualization, PIV Analysis
233 Oral Presentation The 7th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 13-16 December 2016 TSF0026 Effect of Computational Box Sizes on Opposition Control at Moderate-High Friction Reynolds Number Turbulent Channel of Reτ = 934
Vasin Satthavisut1,*, Vejapong Juttijudata1 and Arpiruk Hokpunna2
1 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand * Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel: +66 (0) 2 627 2772
Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the computational box sizes on the large scale structures as well as the turbulent statistics and the amount of drag reduction in manipulated channels. The study is based on Large-Eddy Simulation of the turbulent channel flows. A large computational box size up to 8πh × 3πh in streamwise and spanwise, is chosen to capture a very large scale motion. An opposition control was used and applied at a lower wall. It is found that no significant difference was observed between the small and large channels. For the Reτ tested here, the computational box size of 2πh × πh in streamwise and spanwise, is sufficiently large enough to produce a reliable prediction of the amount of drag reduction and the one-point turbulent statistics which are comparable with the large box. Keywords: Drag reduction, High Reynolds number, Large-Eddy Simulation, Opposition control
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