DOCSLIB.ORG

Word and Image in Russian History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Word and Image in Russian History WORD AND IMAGE IN RUSSIAN HISTORY ESSAYS IN HONOR OF GARY MARKER Photo courtesy of Media Services, Stony Brook University WORD AND IMAGE IN RUSSIAN HISTORY ESSAYS IN HONOR OF GARY MARKER EDITED BY MARIA DI SALVO, DANIEL H. KAISER, AND VALERIE A. KIVELSON Boston 2015 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Copyright © 2015 Academic Studies Press All rights reserved ISBN 978-1-61811-458-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-61811-460-0 (electronic) Cover design by Ivan Grave Published by Academic Studies Press in 2015 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www. academicstudiespress.com Effective December 12th, 2017, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. The open access publication of this volume is made possible by: This open access publication is part of a project supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book initiative, which includes the open access release of several Academic Studies Press volumes. To view more titles available as free ebooks and to learn more about this project, please visit borderlinesfoundation.org/open. Published by Academic Studies Press 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com Contents Acknowledgments .............................................................................viii List of Illustrations ..............................................................................ix Introduction .......................................................................................xi Tabula Gratulatoria ...........................................................................xvi A Biographical Essay: The Making of the Historian ..................................1 Daniel H. Kaiser (Grinnell College) From Publishing to Prokopovich: Gary Marker’s Scholarly Contributions ...................................................................... 17 Valerie A. Kivelson (University of Michigan) Word Once Again on Whether Byzantine Law Was Applied to the Administration of the Law in Medieval Rus’ ................................. 33 Viktor Zhivov (University of California, Berkeley and Moscow State University) vi Contents About Peter the Great’s Ship Predestinatsiia ..............................................43 Maria Di Salvo (University of Milan) Eighteenth-Century Botanical Literature and the Origins of an Elite Russian Gardening Community................................. 55 Christine Ruane (University of Tulsa) Catherine’s Liberation of the Greeks: High-Minded Discourse and Everyday Realities ......................................................... 71 Elena Smilianskaia (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow) A Proletarian Encyclopédie .......................................................................90 Daniela Steila (University of Turin) Image The Parsuna of Gavrila Fetiev: Can a Picture Speak? .............................118 Daniel H. Kaiser (Grinnell College) Tracking the Travels of Adam Olearius .................................................133 Nancy S. Kollmann (Stanford University) Catherine the Great and the Art of Collecting: Acquiring the Paintings that Founded the Hermitage .............................147 Cynthia Hyla Whittaker (Baruch College and Graduate Center, City University of New York) Rozanov’s Peter ................................................................................172 Simon Dixon (University College London) Gender The Question of Women in Power in the Eighteenth Century .................191 E. V. Anisimov (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Saint Petersburg) Businesswomen in Eighteenth-Century Russian Provincial Towns .......... 206 Alexander Kamenskii (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow) Contents vii Religion Dialogue and Conflict in the Ostroh Principality: The Year 1636 ............ 222 Giovanna Brogi Bercoff (University of Milan) Connecting the Dots: Jewish Mysticism, Ritual Murder, and the Trial of Mendel Beilis .............................................................238 Robert Weinberg (Swarthmore College) Forms of Literacy Education and the East: The Omsk Asiatic School ................................253 Janet M. Hartley (London School of Economics and Political Science) What Should One Teach? A New Approach to Russian Childhood Education as Reflected in Manuscripts from the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century ....................................... 269 Ol’ga Kosheleva (Institute of General History, Russian Academy of Science) The Education of Parish Clergy in the Kyiv Eparchy in the 1770s ........... 296 Maksym Iaremenko (National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy) Civil Society and Politics “The Opinion of One Ukrainian Landowner”: V. N. Karazin, Alexander I, and Changing Russia .................................315 Patrick O’Meara (Durham University) The Imperial Russian Noble Elite and Westernization: The Family Eizen-fon-Shvartsenberg .................................................. 336 Roger Bartlett (School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London) “Only the principle of public life and the full rights of citizenship”: The Russian Technical Society, the Public Sphere, and the Revolution of 1905 .................................................... 359 Joseph Bradley (University of Tulsa) Publications of Gary Marker .............................................................382 Comp. Daniel H. Kaiser Acknowledgements ublication of this book was made possible by gifts from the College Pof Arts and Sciences at Stony Brook University with the generous support of former Dean Nancy Squires, and from the Stony Brook University Department of History—thankfully without the knowledge of the present chair, Gary Marker. Special thanks to Margarita Zhivova for her guidance in navigating fonts, and to Joseph Bradley, Olga Greco, and Maria Ispolnova for translation assistance; thanks, too, to the University of Michigan for additional support. We also owe thanks to Media Services, Stony Brook University; Elena Smilianskaia; the Vologda State Historico-Architectural and Art Museum; Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, and New York Public Library for images reproduced here. Special thanks to Ann Brody who supplied a number of photo- graphs we could not otherwise have obtained. Finally, many thanks to De Dudley who formatted and prepared the final manuscript. List of Illustrations Frontispiece: Photo of Gary Marker ............................................ ii Figure 1. Young Gary (ca. 1955). ..................................................3 Figure 2. Gary at Friends Select (1965). ........................................4 Figure 3. Gary at University of Pennsylvania (1969). ...................... 6 Figure 4. Gary and Ann’s Wedding (1970). ................................... 6 Figure 5. IREX group at Medeo Skating Rink, Alma Ata (1975). ......8 Figure 6. Marker Family at Josh’s Bar Mitzvah (1991). .................. 12 Figure 7. “Crataegus Cersi foliis, floribus magnico,” plate XXXI, Iogann Amman, Stirpium rariorum in Imperio Rutheno sponte provenientium icones et descriptiones (Petropolii: Ex Typografia Academiae Scientarum, 1739), 195-96. .........................................59 Figure 8. “Pinus Cembra Kedr sibirskii” (Siberian Cedar), plate ii, P. S. Pallas, Flora Rossica (Petropolii, 1774), vol. 1. ............62 Figure 9. Pallas, Katalog rasteniiam nakhodiashchimsia v Moskve v sadu. .Prokopiia Akinfievicha Demidova (St. Petersburg, 1781), 1. ............................................................64 Figure 10. Petr Gofman, “Glorioso superba Tshcheslavitsa velichavaia (Flame Lilly),” unpublished print. ...........66 Figure 11. Russian coat of arms mounted above northern portal, Church of St. Catherine, Kampos, Greece. ....................... 72 x List of Illustrations Figure 12. Vologda Gost’ G. M. Fetiev, ca. 1684 (VOKM 2797). ....120 Figure 13. “Peasants” attributed to Adam Olearius, Travels. .........141 Figure 14. Aleksei Antropov, Portrait of Catherine II. ....................150 Figure 15. Grand Duchess Maria Fedorovna, Catherine II as Minerva (engraved cameo). ...................................151 Figure 16. Giacomo Quarenghi, Catherine’s Theatre in the Hermitage. ....................................................................152 Figure 17. Academy of Fine Arts (Photograph) ............................153 Figure 18. Stefano Torelli, Catherine II as Patroness of the Arts. .......155 Figure 19. Franz Hals, Young Man with a Glove. ..........................158 Figure 20. Rembrandt, Return of the Prodigal Son.........................159 Figure 21. Sir Joshua Reynolds, The Infant Hercules Slaying Serpents ...............................................................161 Figure 22. Quarenghi, The Loggia, Hermitage ............................ 162 Figure 23. Saloon of Houghton Hall ......................................... 166 Figure 24. Depiction of Wounds on the Body of Andrei Iushchinskii ................................................................ 239 Figure 25. Top: Wounds Connected
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Book of Abstracts: Kyiv - Ukraine
    International conference ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (AC&CA-05) devoted to 100 anniversary of Anatoly BABKO Kyiv, Ukraine September 12-18, 2005 Organized by Scientific Council of Analytical Chemistry at Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Chemical Society, Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University; under collaboration with European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences (EuCheMS) and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) 1 International conference ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (AC&CA-05), devoted to 100 anniversary of Anatoly Babko / Book of abstracts: Kyiv - Ukraine. September 12-18, 2005, 480 p. Editorial board: V.N. Zaitsev, V.P. Antonovich, N.V. Chiviryova, I.V. Stoyanova, V.P. Gorodnyuk Original authors style including interpretation, formulas and names of chemical compounds, schemes, pictures and explanations, is preserved in the abstracts published in this book. This conference has been held with the financial assistance of INTAS 2005 Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine 2 PREFACE The organizing committee extends a cordial invitation to participate in International conference on Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Analysis (AC&CA-05) which is hold in scenic city of Kyiv, Ukraine, from September 12 to 18, 2005. This conference belongs to the series of Ukrainian conferences in analytical chemistry established in 1970th by Ukrainian chemical society and chemical division of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. AC&CA-05 is a 7th conference in analytical chemistry in Ukraine and it is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist, Anatoly K. Babko for his expertise in analytical chemistry and in the chemistry of complex compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diary of Anastasiia Iakushkina
    Ego-writing in French: the diary of Anastasiia Iakushkina Introduction The Decembrist Revolt Anastasiia Vasilevna Iakushkina (1806-46), née Sheremeteva, was the daughter of Vasilii Petrovich Sheremetev (1765-1808) and Nadezhda Nikolaevna Sheremeteva (1775-1850), née Tiutcheva. She married Ivan Dmitrievich Iakushkin (1793-57), a friend of her mother, at the end of 1822. They had two sons, Viacheslav (1823-61) and Evgenii (1826-1905), who was born just after Iakushkin had been arrested for his role in the Decembrist Revolt. The Decembrists, as they came to be known,1 were idealistic army and naval officers who over a long period after the end of the Napoleonic Wars had become disillusioned with the suffocating institution of autocracy. This disillusionment was fed by experience of life in western countries in which they had fought or been stationed during the wars and by familiarity with contemporary western literature, ideas and political movements. In many cases their idealism was also fuelled by discussion of humanitarian ideas in secret societies, such as the so-called Union of Salvation (Союз спасения) and the Union of Welfare (Союз благоденствия) and in Masonic lodges to which they belonged, both in Russia and abroad. On 14 December 1825, hoping to take advantage of the constitutional crisis that followed the sudden death of the Russian Emperor Alexander I on 19 November that year, they refused to swear an oath of allegiance to Alexander’s younger brother, Nicholas (subsequently Nicholas I). The officers and the troops they commanded, numbering some 3,000 men, assembled in Senate Square in St Petersburg, where Etienne Falconet’s famous statue to Peter the Great stands.2 As night fell, the rebellion was put down by a much larger number of troops loyal to Nicholas, who had been forewarned of the conspiracy.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Wolf Attacks - Wikipedia
    List of wolf attacks - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wolf_attacks List of wolf attacks This is a list of significant wolf attacks worldwide, by century, in reverse chronological order. Contents 2010s 2000s 1900s 1800s 1700s See also References Bibliography 2010s 1 von 28 14.03.2018, 14:46 List of wolf attacks - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wolf_attacks Type of Victim(s) Age Gender Date Location Details Source(s) attack A wolf attacked the woman in the yard when she was busy with the household. First it bit her right arm and then tried to snap her throat .A Omyt Village, Zarechni bucket which she used to protect Lydia Vladimirovna 70 ♀ January 19, 2018 Rabid District, Rivne Region, her throat saved her life as the [1][2] Ukraine rabid animal furiously ripped the bucket. A Neighbor shot the wolf which was tested rabid. The attacked lady got the necessary medical treatments. 2-3 wolves strayed through a small village. Within 10 hours starting at 9 p.m.one of them attacked and hurt 4 people. Lina Zaporozhets Anna Lushchik, Vladimir was saved by her laptop. When the A Village, Koropsky Kiryanov , Lyubov wolf bit into it, she could escape 63, 59, 53, 14 ♀/♂/♂/♀ January 4, 2018 Unprovoked District, Chernihiv [3][4] Gerashchenko, Lina through the door of her yard.The Region Ukraine. Zaporozhets injured were treated in the Koropsky Central District Hospital. One of the wolves was shot in the middle of the village and sent to rabies examination. At intervals of 40 minutes a wolf attacked two men.
    [Show full text]
  • Heim Gallery Records, 1965-1991
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt5779r8sb No online items Finding aid for the Heim Gallery records, 1965-1991 Finding aid prepared by Isabella Zuralski. Finding aid for the Heim Gallery 910004 1 records, 1965-1991 Descriptive Summary Title: Heim Gallery records Date (inclusive): 1965-1991 Number: 910004 Creator/Collector: Heim Gallery Physical Description: 120.0 linear feet(271 boxes) Repository: The Getty Research Institute Special Collections 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 1100 Los Angeles, California, 90049-1688 (310) 440-7390 Abstract: London gallery directed by Andrew Ciechanowieck. Records include extensive correspondence with museums, galleries, collectors, and other colleagues in Europe and the United States. Photographs document paintings, drawings, sculptures, and decorative art sold and exhibited by, and offered to the gallery. Stock and financial records trace acquisitions and sales. Request Materials: Request access to the physical materials described in this inventory through the catalog record for this collection. Click here for the access policy . Language: Collection material is in English Biographical / Historical Note Heim Gallery London began in June 1966 with François Heim (from Galerie Heim, Paris, begun 1954) and Andrew S. Ciechanowiecki as partners. Ciechanowiecki served as director in London while Heim remained in France. The emphasis of the gallery was Old Master paintings, especially French of the 15th - 18th century, Italian paintings of all periods, and sculpture (marble, terracotta and bronze) from the Renaissance to the 19th century. The gallery was known for its scholarly exhibitions and catalogs. Between 1966 and 1989 the gallery presented exhibitions two to three times a year. The gallery did business with museums and individual clients in Europe and the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Spring Commencement 3 Best Wishes from the President
    CROWN 422 ALMA MATER Washington, my Washington, the Crimson and the Gray! CROWN 790 ‘Tis the song of memory that we sing today. When the sad hours come to you and sorrows ’round you play, Just sing the songs of Washington, the Crimson and the Gray! Just sing the songs of Washington, the Crimson and the Gray! SPRING COMMENCEMENT SATURDAY, MAY NINTH Celebrating ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH ANNUAL SPRING COMMENCEMENT SATURDAY, MAY 9, 2015 BEASLEY COLISEUM WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY PULLMAN, WASHINGTON Commencement Mission Statement Commencement at Washington State University represents the culmination of a student’s academic achievement. It is a time for celebration and reflection for students, families, faculty, and staff. It brings together the campus community to share the joy of the accomplished goals of our students. The commencement ceremony at Washington State University serves a dual purpose: to mark a point of achievement, thus completing a chapter in the lives of students and those who support them, and to encourage continued pursuit of learning, personal fulfillment, and engagement with their local and worldwide communities. P hot o: WS U campus , Thompso n Hall and Brya n Cloc k Tow er in foregr ound Contents 148526 4/15 TABLE OF CONTENTS Best Wishes from the President 4 President’s Ceremonial Stole and Chain of Offce 5 Best Wishes from the Faculty Senate and Administrative Professional Advisory Council Chairs 6 Greetings from the GPSA, ASWSU, and ASWSU Global Presidents 7 Order of Exercises 8:00 a m Ceremony 8 College of Arts and
    [Show full text]
  • Rereading Paul on Circumcision, Torah, and the Gentiles Asha K
    A Seal of Faith: Rereading Paul on Circumcision, Torah, and the Gentiles Asha K. Moorthy Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Asha K. Moorthy All rights reserved ABSTRACT A Seal of Faith: Rereading Paul on Circumcision, Torah, and the Gentiles Asha K. Moorthy It is generally held that the Apostle Paul dismissed the rite of circumcision for Gentiles. This dissertation, however, offers a different perspective. Through examination of relevant sources regarding the role of circumcision in conversion along with consideration of Philo of Alexandria’s depiction of Abraham as an exemplar of and for the proselyte, this project will suggest that Paul, in Rom 4:11‐ 12, uses the example of Abraham in order to explain the value of circumcision for Jews as well as for Gentiles. It will be argued, moreover, that Paul’s objections to circumcision, as found in Romans as well as in Galatians, Philippians, and 1 Corinthians, were not to the rite per se but rather to the notion that circumcision was necessary for entering the Abrahamic covenant, “becoming a Jew,” justification, salvation, spiritual transformation, protection or identity in Christ. A case will be made, moreover, that in Paul’s day there were two competing forms of circumcision and that Paul was opposed to the more radical procedure. Finally, divergences in Paul’s handling of the topic of circumcision in different letters will be explained through attention to particular audience concerns. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Museums Visit More Than 80 Million Visitors, 1/3 of Who Are Visitors Under 18
    Moscow 4 There are more than 3000 museums (and about 72 000 museum workers) in Russian Moscow region 92 Federation, not including school and company museums. Every year Russian museums visit more than 80 million visitors, 1/3 of who are visitors under 18 There are about 650 individual and institutional members in ICOM Russia. During two last St. Petersburg 117 years ICOM Russia membership was rapidly increasing more than 20% (or about 100 new members) a year Northwestern region 160 You will find the information aboutICOM Russia members in this book. All members (individual and institutional) are divided in two big groups – Museums which are institutional members of ICOM or are represented by individual members and Organizations. All the museums in this book are distributed by regional principle. Organizations are structured in profile groups Central region 192 Volga river region 224 Many thanks to all the museums who offered their help and assistance in the making of this collection South of Russia 258 Special thanks to Urals 270 Museum creation and consulting Culture heritage security in Russia with 3M(tm)Novec(tm)1230 Siberia and Far East 284 © ICOM Russia, 2012 Organizations 322 © K. Novokhatko, A. Gnedovsky, N. Kazantseva, O. Guzewska – compiling, translation, editing, 2012 [email protected] www.icom.org.ru © Leo Tolstoy museum-estate “Yasnaya Polyana”, design, 2012 Moscow MOSCOW A. N. SCRiAbiN MEMORiAl Capital of Russia. Major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation center of Russia and the continent MUSEUM Highlights: First reference to Moscow dates from 1147 when Moscow was already a pretty big town.
    [Show full text]
  • Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
    Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Nova Delineatio Persiae et Confiniorum Veteri longe accuratior edita Anno 1655 Stock#: 42948 Map Maker: Olearius Date: 1656 Place: Schleswig Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG Size: 15.5 x 21.5 inches Price: SOLD Description: The first realistic map of Iran. Highly important regional map of the Persian Empire, published by Adam Olearius in 1656, in his Vermehrte newe Beschreibung der muscowitischen und persischen Reyse ... Olearus' map represents a milestone in the cartographic history of the mapping of Persia and most notably its treatment of the region around the Caspian Sea. Olearu's map is the first to begin to show the sea as elongated more dramatically north and south. The map is drawn from his travels in the region and from Islamic sources to which Olrearus had access during his travels. Adam Olearus was the Secretary on an official expedition from Holstein to Persia and Russia from 1635 to 1639, aimed at negotiating a new direct trade route for Persian silk. He spent time in Persia during the reign of the Safavid Shah Ṣafi (r. 1629-1642). His report and map are considered signifiant to the cartographic depition of Persia. He also provided the first unmediated translation of Saʿdi's Golestān into German. After traveling to Russia and obtaining the initial consent of the Czar, the embassy set out for Persia in 1635. Taking the route through Moscow and following the Volga to Astrakhan, they entered Persia after crossing the Caspian Sea at Šamāḵ-i.
    [Show full text]
  • I I I I I I I ISBN: 0-85964-482-0 I I I J :1 I I I TABLE of CONTENTS I PREFACE Iii
    A R C H. I V E S 0 F T H E 'I SOVIET COMMUNIST PARTY AND SOVIET STATE I I I I I Catalogue of Finding Aids and Docun1ents I fro1n three kev•. : archives i on n1icrofihn I I Fourth edition: June 2004 I I Published jointly by Slate Archival Service Hoover Institution on vVar. I Revolution and Peace of Russi a CRo' sarkhi \ .·) I I Distributed b\· l CfJ.., CHA D\VYCK-llFALEY 1:~ I f 1· I I I I Fourth Edition: June 2004 I I I I I I I ISBN: 0-85964-482-0 I I I J :1 I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I PREFACE iii I INTRODUCTION v I HOW TO USE THE CATALOGUE xiii HOW TO ORDER MICROFILM XIV I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvii CENTRE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTATION (TsKhSD) I [Renamed Russian State Archive of Contemporary History - RGANI] OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 1 I DELA/DOCUMENTS SERIES 2 ~ I RUSSIAN CENTRE FOR THE PRESERVATION AND STUDY OF DOCUMENTS OF MOST RECENT HISTORY (RTsKhIDNI) I [Renamed Russian State Archive of Social and Political History - RGASPI] OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 3 I DELA/ DOCUMENTS SERIES 10 STATE ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (GARF) I r-series [Collection held at Pirogovskaia Street] OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 15 I DELA I DOCUMENTS SERIES 57 I STATE ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (GARF) a-series [Collection held at Berezhkovskaia Naberezhnaia] I OPISI I FINDING AIDS SERIES 69 I DELA I DOCUMENTS SERIES 89 I, I­ I I 111 I PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION I The State Archival Service of the Russian Federation (Rosarkhiv), the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and Chadwyck-Healey concluded an agreement in April 1992 to I microfilm the records and opisi (finding aids) of the Communist Party of the fonner Soviet Union, as well as other selected holdings of the State Archives.
    [Show full text]
  • Governance on Russia's Early-Modern Frontier
    ABSOLUTISM AND EMPIRE: GOVERNANCE ON RUSSIA’S EARLY-MODERN FRONTIER DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Matthew Paul Romaniello, B. A., M. A. The Ohio State University 2003 Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Eve Levin, Advisor Dr. Geoffrey Parker Advisor Dr. David Hoffmann Department of History Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle ABSTRACT The conquest of the Khanate of Kazan’ was a pivotal event in the development of Muscovy. Moscow gained possession over a previously independent political entity with a multiethnic and multiconfessional populace. The Muscovite political system adapted to the unique circumstances of its expanding frontier and prepared for the continuing expansion to its east through Siberia and to the south down to the Caspian port city of Astrakhan. Muscovy’s government attempted to incorporate quickly its new land and peoples within the preexisting structures of the state. Though Muscovy had been multiethnic from its origins, the Middle Volga Region introduced a sizeable Muslim population for the first time, an event of great import following the Muslim conquest of Constantinople in the previous century. Kazan’s social composition paralleled Moscow’s; the city and its environs contained elites, peasants, and slaves. While the Muslim elite quickly converted to Russian Orthodoxy to preserve their social status, much of the local population did not, leaving Moscow’s frontier populated with animists and Muslims, who had stronger cultural connections to their nomadic neighbors than their Orthodox rulers. The state had two major goals for the Middle Volga Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Rus Sian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917– 1920
    Rus sian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917– 1920 —-1 —0 —+1 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd i 8/19/11 8:37 PM JEWISH CULTURE AND CONTEXTS Published in association with the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies of the University of Pennsylvania David B. Ruderman, Series Editor Advisory Board Richard I. Cohen Moshe Idel Alan Mintz Deborah Dash Moore Ada Rapoport- Albert Michael D. Swartz A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher. -1— 0— +1— 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd ii 8/19/11 8:37 PM Rus sian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917– 1920 Oleg Budnitskii Translated by Timothy J. Portice university of pennsylvania press philadelphia —-1 —0 —+1 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd iii 8/19/11 8:37 PM Originally published as Rossiiskie evrei mezhdu krasnymi i belymi, 1917– 1920 (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2005) Publication of this volume was assisted by a grant from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation. Copyright © 2012 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104- 4112 www .upenn .edu/ pennpress Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -1— Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data 0— ISBN 978- 0- 8122- 4364- 2 +1— 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd iv 8/19/11 8:37 PM In memory of my father, Vitaly Danilovich Budnitskii (1930– 1990) —-1 —0 —+1 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd v 8/19/11 8:37 PM -1— 0— +1— 137-48292_ch00_1P.indd vi 8/19/11 8:37 PM contents List of Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rebirth of Religion in Russia
    View of the Holy of Holies of Russia, showing the high wall and lofty watch-towers which enclose it. Originally a fort, the Kremlin is now a museum, mausoleum, and treasure-house of things precious in Russian life and Russian religion. In no other equal area in the world ANNALS OF HISTORY is there crowded such an array of historic cathedrals THE REBIrtH OF RELIGION IN RUSSIA and monaster- ies, sacred relics, trophies of war, The Church Reorganized While Bolshevik Cannons sacerdotal robes, gold and silver Spread Destruction in the Nation’s vessels, precious Holy of Holies stones, pearls, and jewels to the value of millions of Y HOMAS HITTEMORE dollars, etc. B T W Note: The text, he Holy Kremlin of Moscow has During the bombardment a Chinese photographs, and Tbecome a Bolshevik fortress. From workman, looking on, was heard to captions of this ar- the 9th to the 16th of November, 1917, say, “The Russian is not good; bad ticle were originally published in National for more than seven days under a man; he shoots on his God.” Geographic 34:5 hurricane of fire, the city was stormed (November 1918): and finally carried by the Bolsheviks Outraged and despoiled, the Kremlin 378–401. in terrible fratricidal war. Since then is in bonds today, guarded by foreign the sacred citadel has been playing a mercenaries. The forty times forty new and ignominious role in the his- churches of the white stone city seem tory of Russia. to draw a little closer in answer to the trumpet calls of the Kremlin domes.
    [Show full text]