The Punic Wars

Name Class Date The Roman Republic History and Geography The Punic Wars

Rome fought the Punic Wars, a series of wars against Carthage, a city in northern Africa. The wars began when Carthage sent armies to Sicily. After 20 years, the Romans forced their enemies out and took control of Sicily. In 218 BC Carthage tried to attack Rome. General Hannibal led the army through Spain and across the Alps into Italy. Hannibal was never able to capture Rome and was told to come home. In the 140s BC the Romans sent an army to Africa. After a victory, the Romans destroyed Carthage and took control of northern Africa. During the Punic Wars, Rome also took control of Sicily, Corsica, and Spain.

MAP ACTIVITY 1. Use a bright color to highlight the route Hannibal took from Carthage to Rome.

2. Use a different bright color to highlight the major battle site of Zama. Write the date that the Battle of Zama took place.

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3. What is the name of the mountain range that Hannibal and his armies crossed before entering Rome? Label it on the map.

4. Update the map legend to reflect the colors you added to the map.

ANALYZING MAPS 1. Place Rome lies in what direction from Carthage?

2. Location What is the name of the large island directly off the southern tip of Italy and north of Africa? Label this island on your map.

3. Region After Hannibal and his army landed in Spain, many miles did they travel to get from Spain to Rome?

4. Movement Examine the map carefully. If you know that the Romans originally settled around Rome, in what direction did they move to settle the rest of Italy? Romans became good sailors, navigators, and traders. Color in areas of the map where you predict the Romans may have expanded their empire.

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Primary Source The Story Economics and History of Spartacus WHAT DID YOU LEARN? WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. 900,000; 300,000; 1,500,000 1. Spartacus and his men had won many 2. 4,063,000;1,354,333; 6,771,667 battles against the Roman soldiers. By 3. 6,944,000; 2,314,667; 11,573,333 this time, Crassus knew that the person 4. The 5:3 slaves to citizens estimate would who finally defeated Spartacus would be a most support the notion that the size of famous hero. the slave population, combined with the 2. They help to make a story more interest- potential for slave revolts, was one of the ing, exciting, or memorable; they help to factors that led to the fall of Rome. make the hero seem special and not like other people. Social Studies Skills 3. Possible answers: “wisely,” “of high PRACTICE THE SKILL spirit,” “gentleness,” “valiant.” Plutarch’s 1. the Rhine and Danube rivers descriptions imply that he may have 2. that it took some time before it was admired or respected Spartacus. complete 4. Possible answers: Many people may have admired Spartacus and what he did. APPLY THE SKILL They may have liked the story because it 1. none showed that someone like them had the 2. the Nile River courage to fight against a mighty empire. 3. coastal areas and (large) cities

History and Geography Chapter Review MAP ACTIVITY REVIEWING VOCABULARY, TERMS, 1. A bright color should highlight the route AND PEOPLE from Carthage, through Spain, across the 1. Aeneas Alps, and down toward Rome. 2. patricians 2. 202 BC 3. magistrates 3. Alps 4. legions 4. Colors will vary. 5. Spartacus

ANALYZING MAPS COMPREHENSION AND CRITICAL 1. Place THINKING north or northeast 1. rivers 2. Location 2. tripartite Sicily 3. Twelve 3. Region 4. Romans took over Greece Approximately 1050–1100 miles (Because of the curves, twists, and turns that Hannibal took to get to Rome, an exact measurement will be difficult. 4. Movement generally north and south, or northwest and southeast Students should shade in areas of North Africa, Spain, France, Northern Italy, and Macedonia and Greece.

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