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Theological Existentialism in San Manuel Bueno, Mártir Catherine Ann Hollingsworth Wayne State University

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Theological Existentialism in San Manuel Bueno, Mártir Catherine Ann Hollingsworth Wayne State University Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2013 Theological Existentialism In San Manuel Bueno, Mártir Catherine Ann Hollingsworth Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Modern Languages Commons Recommended Citation Hollingsworth, Catherine Ann, "Theological Existentialism In San Manuel Bueno, Mártir" (2013). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 661. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. THEOLOGICAL EXISTENTIALISM IN SAN MANUEL BUENO, MÁRTIR by CATHERINE ANN HOLLINGSWORTH DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2013 MAJOR: MODERN LANGUAGES Approved by: ______________________________________ Advisor Date ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ©COPYRIGHT BY CATHERINE ANN HOLLINGSWORTH 2013 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION To my father, in remembrance of the reason he was admired by so many. To Tasha who went with him. Together they are a part of my life that is with me daily in my heart. To my mother, in respect for the way she is so admired by so many for her gracious ability to give life and to grant it the refinement of natural beauty. To my large extended family of siblings, in-laws, relatives and friends who have heard for so long of this endeavor giving encouragement. To my husband, for an authentic love and devotion that is the object of attraction and the subject of attention that both moves and motivates me as he inspires me to initiate words on San Manuel who is really all about love. To my family of friends in Spain, in recollection of true affection and appreciation of an example of faith and embodiment of faithfulness, that transcends borders, to go beyond belief, to experience true faith in human affairs of the heart, embracing individuals and nations. To Miguel de Unamuno and San Manuel Bueno, mártir, his most famous character, who grant the heart a view of life, and grace life with a vision of heartfelt love by a bond of theological existentialism balancing the aesthetic, the ethical and the religious, in other words, keeping one foot on earth, the other in heaven. Dedications are aesthetic inscriptions in books written for those who inspire us and no one has inspired me as much as my father, who in my opinion, is a true saint which is why I dedicate this work first to him and there is no one I know who I believed wanted to be a saint more than Miguel de Unamuno and San Manuel which is why I end my dedication to them. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, there have been many who have personally and professionally supported me in this long process of producing the dissertation. Credit and appreciation should be given first to the members of my doctoral dissertation committee who have meticulously read and methodically reviewed this document offering sound advice in making revisions. Their suggestions have proven very helpful in understanding the process of publication as well as improving the form and content of this project. Second, also, I would like to give credit to my professors and guides, too numerous to mention, most marvelous, none onerous, and all generous for their extension of themselves which always teaches something important. Special thanks to Indiana University for good teachers who told me about “reader-response” and to Wayne State University for leadership in research. Third, I would like to thank those who enlighten and enliven with their erudition and those who have given extraordinary support with emotional, economic and electronic help; computer assistance, librarians, printing and shipping support personnel and administrative assistance aiding in this endeavor. Finally, I imagine all graduate students hope their dissertation will shed some light on their subject and bring new interest and a contribution to their field. While this dissertation is on a prolific author who has been often discussed the hope is that one more voice on this topic might add to its importance in a multi-cultural and multi-faceted world of varying beliefs extending beyond borders to include new ideas on old traditions and so for that reason I wish to acknowledge those who listen and converse faithfully more than rationally, righteously or rigorously. iii PREFACE Once I was struck by a notion that religions, like languages, are different for their regional divisions but, similar in that, they are a fundamental part of nature, as essential as eating, sleeping, moving and being moved. They are, at times, camouflaged by their natural habitat of cultures and civilization. They, at times, obscure clarity and focus, while other times, they light up the day in some special way. They are unique and, if not unified, united in a kingdom that underscores subjectivity. San Manuel Bueno, mártir, embodying language and religion, guides, or beguiles, while readers file through images. This story brings together the primordial sense of tragedy and comedy in life that keeps villagers in need of a priest whose parish is in a pueblo that endears, engages and envelops the life and strife of people. Whether recalling mankind’s creator, or recognizing the creativity born of Unamuno’s heart and imagination, San Manuel, with luck and charm, puts life into a providential perspective bringing people to life and life to people. My research method is a summation, analysis and appraisal interweaving intertextual and intratextual ideas to resurrect in memory a meaningful textured mosaic of a memorable text, San Manuel Bueno, mártir of priest San Manuel Bueno, mártir. This dissertation distinguishes between the text title written in italics and the priest whose name is not written in italics. The difference is important as the text title is indicative of an artistic piece of work while the name, San Manuel Bueno, mártir, is indicative of a real person of “flesh and bone” with personality whose life is in the hands of people and providence in the final outcome albeit a fictional character in a fictional story about a fictional life that has an amazing resemblance to reality with its abstract but authentic association with human life in a world of humanity. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ........................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Preface ................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction. An Adored Country Priest: Literarture, Literacy Signs, Symbols ................1 Chapter One Assured by Valverde: Liturgy, Lyrics, Sacraments, Significance ...............37 Chapter Two Asleep by the Lake: Language, Levity, Scripture, Skepticism ....................73 Chapter Three Awake on a Mountain: Liberty, Liability, Survival, Supremacy ............111 Chapter Four Aware of Dreaming: Leadership, Luminosity, Solitude, Surrealism .......132 Chapter Five Atoned in Valverde: Limits, Latitude, Salvation, Spirituality ..................158 Conclusion. Achieving Sainthood: Love, Laughter Sacred Spiritual, and Secular Spectacle ..........................................................................................................................180 Appendix ..........................................................................................................................189 References ........................................................................................................................227 Abstract ............................................................................................................................245 Autobiographical Statement ............................................................................................247 v 1 INTRODUCTION. AN ADORED COUNTRY PRIEST. San Manuel Bueno, mártir (1930) brings a new twist to beliefs making a deep impression on The Great Depression1 when an economic crisis leaves many little more than a spiritual crisis. San Manuel Bueno, mártir with a little luck and lots of charm, is an endearing yet enigmatic example of courage and character. He models spiritual perfection in the eyes of Ángela, the initial narrator. It turns out; she discovers his moods meander and his mental and moral qualities seem to masquerade as having mastered life but instead, mask an internal depravity of confidence in his creed, a church model for faith. He still seems of spiritual perfection in living life and loving one another during a decade of difficulty when, actually, it seems he, himself, struggles with his own greatest challenge of building a bridge beyond belief, a buttress of faith, bolstering a spiritual sanctuary to soothe some, stir others, but convening hearts and minds in a captivating mode and manner of mentoring, a gracious sacred ministry, or a gentle secular mimicry. Salamanca Spain declared the year 2012, “The Year of Unamuno”, in honor of Unamuno, author of San Manuel Bueno, mártir. Born in 1864, Unamuno’s death, December 31, 1936, marked a troubled
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