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Nietzsche and Unamuno: Connections and Differences

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Nietzsche and Unamuno: Connections and Differences ISSN: 2347-7474 International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com RESEARCH ARTICLE Nietzsche and Unamuno: Connections and Differences Maria Rodriguez Garcia University Pablo Olavide, Seville, Spain. Abstract This article tries to show the similarities and differences between the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and Miguel de Unanmuno. For this we refer mainly to the role of Nietzsche's superman and how it is present in the Spanish thinking of the early twentieth century through the work of Miguel de Unamuno. Keywords: Philosophy, Friedrich Nietzsche, Miguel de Unamuno, Metaphysic, Literature. Introduction The last puffs of the 19th century were the negative and the contrast with his writings germ of the approach of the work of situate us in a problematic position, as they Nietzsche to our country, which remained are not few the references found by the sad by the traces of the at present known studious of an influence (more or less like Crisis of the 98 [1] like historical event imperfect) of the thought nietzschean in the that would seat the bases of what would be works of the Spanish thinker. Special the imminent 20th century. According to attention deserves in this point Así hablaba Gonzalo Sobejano in his work Nietzsche in Zaratustra, whose exaltation of the Spain [2], the approach of the authors of the superman and of the eternal return was 98 to the work of Nietzsche was mediated by fundamental in the primes of the Spanish Paul Schmitz, writer and Swiss his pianist 20th century and, specifically, in the that came to Spain in 1899 to remedy an writings unamunianos of these years. ailment of breast to the coat of the climate and the Hispanic habits. Fellow of the The present work presents like a proposal of brothers Baroja, Schmitz gave cool air to the study of the influence of the Zaratustra of version that then accompanied the vision of Nietzsche in a fundamental text of Nietzsche. If this was judged by Baroja like Unamuno published in the first polish of the violent and with rancor, now became ironic 20th century: Amor y pedagogía of 1902. and scathing to the pair that sensitive with Said text supposes a tragic exaltation of a his time. new man that, in spite of the destiny of the period, has to face his time like nobleman Schmitz remained three years in our solitary that preaches in the desert. From country, sufficient time to transmit his the study proposed, pretends deepen in the knowledge of the work of Nietzsche as well self-evident influence that Nietzsche exerted as to bequeath the translations of his works in the early work of Unamuno, in spite of the to the atmosphere of literature of the period. refusal of this in this regard. In this way, we will expose one of the main theoretical edges From among the authors of the Generation that endorse the confluence between the of the 98 above-mentioned, the influence of philosophy Spanish and the European to Nietzsche in Miguel of Unamuno was of beginnings of the 20th century and after the special importance, although, and as it failure of the modern reason. collects Sobejano, the Basque thinker Nietzsche, Unamuno and Zaratustra commissioned to deny in more than an occasion that his work was impregnated by The history that on Zaratustra explains us the echoes of the German philosopher. Said Nietzsche, begins with the abandonment of Maria Rodriguez Garcia |May 2016 | Vol.4 | Issue 05 |53-59 53 Available online at: www.ijassh.com the mountain by part of the prophet, the one The man is a rope tended between the who after ten years of meditation and animal and the superman; a rope tended on solitude considers timely and necessary the abyss. It is dangerous to happen to descend of his cavern and direct to the another side, dangerous remain on the way, village to preach his message. Before his dangerous look to backwards; dangerous game, Zaratustra devotes some words in the stop and dangerous shiver. The greatness of sunlight,that patiently has lit him each the man is in being a bridge and no an end; morning during his retreat: what there is in him worthy to be loved is the being a traffic and a twilight [5]. But low and behold that I have me tired of my knowledge, like the bee that has Zaratustra Does not choose the best of the elaborated excessive honey. Now I need moments for the presentation of the hands that tend me. It wanted to give and superman. Whereas the men of the village distribute until the wise persons between remain in the square expecting see the the men again are with pleasure of his number of a tightrope walker, the prophet madness, and the poor, joyous of his wealth. takes advantage of for publish his good new, Therefore I have to descend to the depths as something that will involve the mockery of you do it you in the afternoon when you sink the there gathered that they only aspire to you behind the seas to carry your light just happen a good while of entertainment. This across the world, oh star brilliant! [3]. fact supposes a big education for Zaratustra, the one who comprises that his message, From the beginning, Nietzsche shows us to avid an introduction metaphysical, has to Zaratustra like the prophet commissioned to look for other mates, friends and disciples heave his voice against the decadence that escape of the charmed crowd. reached by the humanity. The concept of “decadence” is the key in the configuration of In Schopenhauer like educator [6], Nietzsche the European culture of finals of the 19th exposes the will of the superman, which century. After the failure of the modern enciphers in a personal sense like the reason and of the liberal revolutions situate meeting with himself, the own himself same us in front of an ill consciousness that to the have to be faithful and that is above neutralizes the therapeutic effects that, until us. then, had all liberating story [4]. Zaratustra proposes us a man that little has to see with Schopenhauer Like educator gives us initials the model designed by the philosophy of samples of what will be the man for Schopenhauer, another big German thinker Zaratustra, this is, to be to half way between of the drank the intellectuals of the 98 and, the monkey and the superman. This begins therefore, Miguel of Unamuno. The diffusion to present like a species of genius, to be of the ideas of Nietzsche in the old continent upper that little has to see with the “genius” as well as in Spain was not a too complex of Schopenhauer, as it expresses Rüdiger task, as already Schopenhauer had Safranski [7]. The “genius” is related to the commissioned of level the terrain for this. thinker of Danzig “denies the world because it experiences it like a moral scandal and, If Schopenhauer showed us a man ascetic however, is a so powerful nature that and able of bear the suffering and the surpasses it inwardly” [8]. This tedium until the point to cancel his will with consideration that tends to the moral the object to reach the true knowledge of yes, dimensions is refused by Nietzsche by the Nietzsche presents us to Zaratustra, an Christian echoes that contains. evocation of Zoroastro, Persian prophet of Nevertheless, and as precise Safranski, our the 12th century B.C. That plays with the philosopher does not separate of the ideal of meanings and holy identifications between Schopenhauer. He talks about the necessary the good and the bad. Dreamy, sometimes maturity of himself same, awarding him to unsuspecting and other cruel and ironic, the superman the full capacity of action with Zaratustra pretends to give a turn of nut to his own moral laws extraneous to the the modern decadence by means of the tradition judeo-Christian. presentation of the superman. Maria Rodriguez Garcia |May 2016 | Vol.4 | Issue 05 |53-59 54 Available online at: www.ijassh.com The proposal of Nietzsche is collected by the In 1896, when still Nietzsche was not an authors of the generation of the 98, those author that was very present in the Spanish who proposed a renewal of the novel and of ideology, Unamuno publishes an essay on the philosophy of his time further of the the regeneration of the Spanish theatre in realistic mimesis. From among the authors which, according to Sobejano, appoints for of said generation, Miguel of Unamuno was the first time to Nietzsche. The fragment, one of which more leave imbue by the collected in the essay of the Spanish sparkles of the charmed of Zaratustra, in professor, is the following: spite of denying it in no few occasions. When the work in strength of differentiation In constant dialogue with his I more remitted to the field and to the instruments problematic and tragic, the Basque thinker and useful do bearable and more productive, enters us in a problematic spiritual sphere when they work themachines, savings of in which the man shows like a be ill, to horse intelligence, and remain to the man, once between the life and the reason. His illness, fulfilled his work director, strength and time that is not another that the possession of to integrate and live human life, super consciousness, is what carries him to human effort rather, then the art will be conceive the existence. This vital question saint holocaust (…) will be the age of the on- remains at the bottom of the work of man, of the Übermensch , with that between Unamuno, being evident in the texts that so much slag of selfish dreams, dreamed the collect in this work: Amor y pedagogía and poor Nietzsche; the age of the triumph, no of Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho.
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