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Diagnosi Del Medi Terrestre CANDIDATURA DE LA COSTA BRAVA A RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA DIAGNOSI DEL MEDI TERRESTRE #CostaBravaBiosfera2021 Autors Dr. Josep Pueyo-Ros Dr. Josep Vila Subirós Revisors externs Carles Bayés Dr. Joan Bosch Ponç Feliu Dr. Joaquim Nadal Dr. Josep Pintó Llorenç Planagumà Dr. Joan Vicente Campus de Patrimoni Natural i Cultural Universitat de Girona Àrea de Medi Ambient Diputació de Girona Juny de 2019 Suggerència de citació: Pueyo-Ros, J. i Vila Subirós, J. (2019). Diagnosi del medi terrestre. Candidatura de la Costa Brava a Reserva de Biosfera. Girona: Diputació de Girona i Campus de Patrimoni Natural i Cultural de la Universitat de Girona. Disponible a: http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16645 Aquesta obra està subjecta a una llicència de Reconeixement 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons Diagnosi del medi terrestre de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Costa Brava. Índex de continguts 1. RECOPILACIÓ I ANÀLISI DE LA INFORMACIÓ ........................................................................4 2. DIAGNOSI SOCIOECONÒMICA .......................................................................................................6 2.1. Caracterització de la població ...........................................................................................................6 2.2. Caracterització de l’activitat econòmica per sectors. ����������������������������������������������������������������������14 2.2.1. Sector agrari .............................................................................................................................18 2.2.2. Sector pesquer .........................................................................................................................25 2.2.3. Sector industrial .......................................................................................................................31 2.2.4 Sector de la construcció ............................................................................................................35 2.2.5 Sector dels serveis ....................................................................................................................39 2.2.6. Sector turístic ...........................................................................................................................43 2.3. Mobilitat i transport públic ..............................................................................................................54 3. DESCRIPCIÓ DE LES COBERTES DEL SÒL ................................................................................58 3.1. Cobertes del sòl actuals ...................................................................................................................58 3.2. Evolució de les cobertes del sòl (1993-2009) .................................................................................60 4. DESCRIPCIÓ DEL PATRIMONI NATURAL ..................................................................................61 4.1. Medi Abiòtic Terrestre. Clima i Geologia ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������61 4.1.1. El clima ....................................................................................................................................61 4.1.2. El relleu i la geologia ...............................................................................................................70 4.1.3. Hidrografia ...............................................................................................................................79 4.1.4. Atmosfera i qualitat de l’aire ...................................................................................................83 4.2. Medi Biòtic Terrestre.......................................................................................................................84 4.2.1. Hàbitats ....................................................................................................................................84 4.2.2. Espècies ...................................................................................................................................93 4.3. Serveis ecosistèmics ........................................................................................................................96 5. DESCRIPCIÓ DEL PATRIMONI CULTURAL �����������������������������������������������������������������������������103 5.1. Elements del patrimoni cultural protegits (BCIN) ........................................................................103 5.2. Altres elements del patrimoni cultural d’elevat interès (BCIL i EPA) ..........................................106 5.3. Patrimoni cultural immaterial. Festes, tradicions i altres activitats culturals ................................108 5.4. Arbres monumentals ......................................................................................................................110 6. GESTIO I PLANEJAMENT EN L’ÀMBIT DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA ..................113 6.1. Plans d’ordenació territorial ..........................................................................................................113 6.1.1. Pla Territorial General de Catalunya .....................................................................................113 6.1.2. Pla Territorial Parcial de les Comarques Gironines ...............................................................113 6.1.3. Pla Director Urbanístic del sistema urbà de Figueres ...........................................................114 6.1.4. Pla Director Urbanístic de la Serra de Rodes ........................................................................115 6.1.5. Pla Director Urbanístic del sistema urbà de Girona ..............................................................115 6.1.6. Pla Director Urbanístic del Sistema Costaner .......................................................................116 6.1.7. Els catàlegs de paisatge ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������117 6.2. Plans d’ordenació urbanística municipal ......................................................................................117 6.3. Figures de protecció dels espais naturals ......................................................................................119 6.3.1. Espais Naturals de Protecció Especial ...................................................................................119 6.3.2. Pla d’Espais d’Interès Natural ...............................................................................................120 6.3.3. Xarxa Natura 2000 ........................................................................................................ 120 6.3.4. Zones Especialment Protegides d’Importància per al Mediterrani .......................................120 6.3.5. El Conveni Ramsar ................................................................................................................121 7. BIBLIOGRAFIA .................................................................................................................................122 8. INVENTARI D’ELEMENTS DEL PATRIMONI NATURAL I CULTURAL ������������������������������125 8.1. Inventari hábitats terrestres ...........................................................................................................125 8.2. Inventari d’espècies .......................................................................................................................128 8.2.1 Inventari de cormòfits .............................................................................................................128 8.2.2. Inventari de briòfits ................................................................................................................175 8.2.3. Inventari d’algues ..................................................................................................................182 8.2.4. Inventari de fongs ..................................................................................................................206 8.2.5. Inventari de líquens ...............................................................................................................239 8.2.6. Inventari de vertebrats ...........................................................................................................250 8.2.7. Inventari d’invertebrats .........................................................................................................263 8.2.8. Inventari d’artròpodes ...........................................................................................................308 8.3. Inventari d’elements geològics .....................................................................................................362 8.4. Inventari d’entitats del patrimoni cultural .....................................................................................363 3 Diagnosi del medi terrestre de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Costa Brava. 1. RECOPILACIÓ I ANÀLISI DE LA INFORMACIÓ La informació recopilada i analitzada en aquesta memòria referida a l’àmbit terrestre s’ha obtingut bàsicament de les fonts oficials disponibles, ja sigui a través dels diferents Departaments del Govern de Catalunya o a partir de serveis oficials de dades, com el Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya (Meteocat) i especialment de l’Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya (Idescat). Una informació contrastada, fiable i de domini públic que a més a més molt sovint és d’accés lliure a través de descàrregues de les respectives pàgines web’s. Tot i això en alguna
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