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1.0, Which Is Difficult to Use with VFP Scheduling Tasks from VFP Doug Hennig Automatically executing a task on a regular Although you can create scheduled tasks schedule isn’t something every application needs using the Windows Task Scheduler’s command to do, but if you do need it, this month’s article line interface, that’s clumsy. A better approach is provides the code you need to do this from VFP. to use a COM interface. There are a couple of interfaces depending on which operating system Some applications need to execute certain tasks at you’re using. I’ve created wrappers for these regular intervals. For example, accounting interfaces, making them easy to work with in VFP systems often need to do day-end and month-end applications. The wrappers are contained in processing. An application may need to download TaskScheduler.PRG, included in the download for and process a file every night. Rather than having this article. a user manually start these processes, it would be handy to start them automatically. One way to do that is to leave the application running and have a TaskScheduler timer fire at a regular interval. When it’s the TaskScheduler.PRG has three classes: desired date and time, the timer starts the process. TaskScheduler, the parent class for the other two There are at least a couple of problems with that classes and not intended to be used directly; approach: if the application is always running, it XPTaskScheduler, the class to be used with (and possibly its data files) can’t be backed up, Windows XP; and VistaTaskScheduler, the class and the application is using system resources to be used with Windows Vista and later. The even when it isn’t doing anything. reason for the operating system-specific classes is A better approach is to use the built-in that Windows XP and earlier uses Task Scheduler Windows Task Scheduler. Its job is to wait until a 1.0, which is difficult to use with VFP. In fact, designated start time and then do something, that’s why the download for this article includes a such as running an application. Typically, an DLL file, TaskScheduler.DLL, that’s only used by application designed to be run from the Windows XPTaskScheduler. This freeware DLL, written by Task Scheduler has a few characteristics: Mark Pryor, contains a COM class named Scheduler.SchAgent that provides an interface to It accepts one or more command-line Task Scheduler 1.0. If you’re using Windows XP, parameters telling it to perform a certain register this DLL using REGSVR32. Starting with task. If no parameter is passed, such as Vista, Windows now uses Task Scheduler 2.0, when the user runs the application which has a completely different interface, one normally, it does the usual thing: that fortunately is easy to use from VFP. The displaying its user interface and waiting COM component for Task Scheduler 2.0 comes for user action. If the parameter is passed, with Windows so it doesn’t require anything extra which is what the scheduled task is to be installed or registered; the class to instantiate configured to do, the application is named Schedule.Service. performs that task and then shuts down. So you don’t have to worry about the If it’s running in task mode (that is, the differences between Task Scheduler 1.0 and 2.0, parameter was passed), it doesn’t display the TaskScheduler parent class has a common any user interface. That means no login interface you’ll use to work with scheduled tasks. Table 1 dialog (the application needs to log in shows the properties of this class and its automatically), no main form or subclasses. TaskScheduler only has one public _SCREEN visible, no error or warning method, CreateTask, which creates a task using messages displayed (they should be the properties of the class. logged instead), and no prompts of any One thing I’d like to support but haven’t kind. The reason for this is that there’s no figured out a way is creating folders. If you’ve guarantee any user is present to respond used the Windows Task Scheduler, you know you to any prompts or dialogs. can create folders and organize scheduled tasks into them. However, creating a folder requires passing a security descriptor to a COM method Table 1. The properties of the TaskScheduler class. and I haven’t figured out how to do that. So, for Property Description now, TaskScheduler requires that the folder specified in FolderName property already exists. ErrorMessage The text of any error message Because the Task Scheduler 2.0 API is easier to use from VFP, VistaTaskScheduler has four ErrorReason The reason for the error additional methods which are basically just wrappers for the API methods (in all of these ErrorCode An error code; can be used to localize error messages: methods, if tcFolder isn’t specified, the root folder is used): 1 = scheduler class not found 2 = scheduler failed to instantiate GetFolders(@taFolders [, tcFolder]): fills the specified array with all subfolders of 3 = a new task could not be created the specified folder. The first column of 4 = the task properties could not the array is the folder name and the be set second is a TaskFolder COM object. 5 = the scheduler settings could GetTasks(@taTasks [, tcFolder]): fills the not be saved specified array with all tasks in the 6 = the task could not be specified folder. The first column of the registered array is the task name and the second is a 7 = tasks/folders could not be RegisteredTask COM object. enumerated 8 = the task could not be retrieved GetTask(tcName [, tcFolder]): returns a RegisteredTask object for the specified 9 = the task could not be deleted task name in the specified folder or NULL TaskName The name of the task if the task doesn’t exist. DeleteTask(tcName [, tcFolder]): deletes Description The description of the task the specified task in the specified folder. ScheduleType The type of schedule: RegisteredTask is one of the Task Scheduler 1 = daily 2.0 objects. (MSDN has detailed documentation 2 = weekly on Task Scheduler 2.0 COM objects, starting at 3 = monthly http://tinyurl.com/ncekpgg). You don’t have to 4 = monthly day-of-week work with it directly to create a scheduled task, but may wish to if you want to provide task StartTime The starting date and time for the management features such as the ones we’ll task discuss later. Interval The frequency for a daily or weekly schedule: 1 = every day or week, 2 = every second day or week, and so on EXEName The name and path of the program to run EXEParameters Parameters to pass to the program AuthorName The name of the task author UserName The name of the user to log in as Password The password for the user StartWhenAvailable .T. to start the task as soon as possible after a scheduled start is missed; only supported in Vista and above FolderName The name of the folder the task goes in; currently the folder must exist RunOnLast .T. to run on the last week or last loSchedule = newobject(lcClass, ; day of the month; only supported 'TaskScheduler.prg') in Vista and above with loSchedule .TaskName = 'Run Notepad' DaysOfWeek[7] Set the appropriate element to .T. .UserName = lcUserName to execute the task on that day for .Password = lcPassword a weekly task; Sunday is day 1 .StartTime = {^2015-07-01 03:00:00} and Saturday is day 7 .EXEName = 'Notepad.exe' .ScheduleType = 2 .Interval = 2 DaysOfMonth[31] Set the appropriate element to .T. store .T. to .DaysOfWeek[3], ; to execute the task on that day for .DaysOfWeek[5], .DaysOfWeek[7] a monthly task if not .CreateTask() messagebox(.ErrorMessage) MonthsOfYear[12] Set the appropriate element to .T. endif not .CreateTask() to execute the task in that month endwith for a monthly task * Create a monthly task that runs at 3:00 AM * on the 1st and 15th of every month. WeeksOfMonth[4] Set the appropriate element to .T. to execute the task in that week loSchedule = newobject(lcClass, ; for a monthly day-of-week task 'TaskScheduler.prg') with loSchedule .TaskName = 'Run Notepad' .UserName = lcUserName Scheduling a task .Password = lcPassword To create a scheduled task, instantiate the .StartTime = {^2015-07-01 03:00:00} .EXEName = 'Notepad.exe' appropriate class (either XPTaskScheduler or .ScheduleType = 3 VistaTaskScheduler), set its properties as desired, store .T. to .DaysOfMonth[1], ; and call CreateTask. If an error occurs, check the .DaysOfMonth[15] .MonthsOfYear = .T. ErrorMessage, ErrorReason, and ErrorCode && initialize all 12 elements of array properties for an explanation. && to .T. Test.PRG, included in the download for this if not .CreateTask() messagebox(.ErrorMessage) article and shown in Listing 1, demonstrates how endif not .CreateTask() to create tasks that execute daily, weekly, and endwith monthly. In this case, the task is very simple: launch Notepad.EXE. In real-life, you’ll likely set Note that if you run this program, you’ll only the EXEParameters property to pass parameters find a single scheduled task when you look in the to some application. As noted in the code, change Windows Task Scheduler. The reason is that all the values of the lcUserName and lcPassword three tasks have the same value for the TaskName variables to valid values for your system. property. In that case, the second and third calls Listing 1. Test.PRG shows how to create scheduled tasks. to CreateTask overwrite the task created by the first call. The lesson here is that you should give * Ensure we use the correct class. your scheduled tasks unique names.
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