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A Synthesis Research Report on the Participation of Citizens in the East African Community Integration Process

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A Synthesis Research Report on the Participation of Citizens in the East African Community Integration Process A Synthesis Research Report on the Participation of Citizens in the East African Community Integration Process Edited by Azaveli Feza Lwaitama, James Kasombo & Kitila Mkumbo Dar es Salaam, Tanzania April, 2013 A Synthesis Research Report on the Participation of Citizens in the East African Community Integration Process: Prepared from Country Research Reports written by Country Research Team Leaders: Prof Bernadette Killian (Tanzania), Prof. Mwambutsya Ndebesa Patt (Uganda), Dr. James Kasombo (Kenya), Ernest Ndayizeye (Burundi) & Alloys Mutabingwa (Rwanda) Editorial Board 1. Dr. Azaveli Feza Lwaitama 2. Dr. Kitila Mkumbo 3. Dr. James Kasombo Research Team 1. Prof. Mwambutsya Ndebesa Patt 2. Prof. Bernadeta Killian 3. Mr. Ernest Ndayizeye 4. Mr. Alloys Mutabingwa 5. Dr. James Kasombo Dar es Salaam, Tanzania November, 2012 Contents Preface 2 Foreword - By Ambassador Dr. Juma Volter Mwapachu 7 1. Introduction 11 2. Political Parties and Citizens’ Participation in EAC Integration 16 2.1 The Tanzanian Situation 16 2.1.1 Political Parties through the East African Legislative Assembly 18 2.1.2 Political parties’ Manifestos and EAC integration agenda 19 2.1.3 The 1999 EAC Treaty and Citizens’ participation 22 2.2 Other Avenues of Citizens’ Participation 24 2.2.1 Civil Society Organizations 24 2.2.2 Consultative Organs 25 2.2.3 The media 28 2.3 Insights Derived From Tanzania Country Study 28 3. EAC Non-state Actors Other Than Political Parties and Citizens’ Participation in EAC Integration 30 3.1 Overview of Regional Integration and the need for Non-State Actor Engagement 32 3.2 Non-State Actors (NSA) and Awareness Creation in EAC Integration 35 3.3 Towards Effective and Efficient Institutions for Regional Integration: The Case of EAC 36 3.4 Democratization of Regional Economic Schemes in the EAC 3.5 Insights derived from Kenya country study 37 4. Conclusion and Recommendations 42 4.1 Overall Conclusion and Recommendations 45 4.2 Synthesis of the Findings Drawn From Five Country Studies 45 References 52 Appendices 56 Communiqué & Photo at Launch 60 A SYNTHESIS RESEARCH REPOrt ON THE PartICIPatION OF CITIZENS IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY INTEGratION PROCESS 1 Preface The Vision East Africa Forum reflection on and advocacy for (VEAF) is an East African a people-centered East African Community-wide civil society Community integration process.” think-tank that was launched, The launch communiqué commits with the support of the Friedrich- VEAF members to encourage Ebert-Stiftung (FES) in Tanzania, every stakeholder in the region to on the 6th of October, 2011, in do whatever is in their power to Arusha, Tanzania. The launch promote “…the timely attainment ceremony was conducted by the of the integration milestones as Secretary General of the East enshrined in the Treaty for the African Community, Honourable Establishment of the East African Dr. Richard Sezibera, in the Community and accompanying presence of Tanzania’s Minister protocols.” responsible for East African Community Affairs, Honourable The Forum sets itself the goal Mr. Samuel Sitta. The VEAF of striving to be a holistic non- received a certificate of formal state sector platform that brings registration as a non-profittogether the voices of a wide limited liability company in Dar range of civil society groups to es Salaam, Tanzania, on the 2nd bear on the actions of institutions July, 2012. entrusted with the realization of the main objective of the East The main goal of the Forum is African Community Treaty the provision of evidence-based of 1999, which is to promote intellectual support to efforts and a people-centred East African initiatives taken by state and non- Community integration process state sector stakeholders of the East that ultimately leads to the African Community integration establishment of an “East African process. As per the communiqué political federation … founded issued by the founder members on the fundamental democratic of the VEAF, the Forum seeks principles, social justice, equality to be “… a think tank for critical and respect for peoples dignity, A SYNTHESIS RESEARCH REPOrt ON THE PartICIPatION OF CITIZENS 2 IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY INTEGratION PROCESS rights and freedoms.” As per its from each member state of the communiqué of October 6th, East African Community: Prof. 2011, the Forum is a unique non- Bernadeta Killian (Tanzania), state sector opinion platform as Prof. Mwambutsya Ndebesa Patt its membership is “… primarily (Uganda), Dr. James Kasombo drawn from, but not necessarily, (Kenya), Ernest Ndayizeye representing a broad arena of non- (Burundi) & Alloys Mutabingwa state actors, including civil society (Rwanda). organizations, the private sector and academia.” In addition, FES supported two research dissemination This is the first publication of conferences: one in Dar es Salaam the Vision East Africa Forum in September, 2012; and the other that has been produced with in Arusha in October 2012. These the cooperation support of the conferences provided an avenue Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES)to discuss the preliminary and office in Tanzania, which also the final findings of the country supported the launching of the research reports. At the end of the Forum. The FES also provided Arusha research dissemination financial and secretarial support conference, the VEAF appointed to the Forum in coordinating an Editorial Board (Dr. Azaveli the work of conducting, in each Feza Lwaitama (Tanzania), Dr. of the five member states of James Kasombo (Kenya), and the East African Community, Dr. Kitila Mkumbo (Tanzania)), a study on citizen participation tasking it to consolidate the five in the EAC integration process, reports and prepare this booklet and the preparation of a country as a synthesis of the individual report on each of the five member country-based reports into a single states. The research work and publication meant to highlight the preparation of the country insights that are shared across the reports was commissioned five countries. The publication to research team leaders, one is being produced as VEAF A SYNTHESIS RESEARCH REPOrt ON THE PartICIPatION OF CITIZENS IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY INTEGratION PROCESS 3 Research Monograph Number acted on its behalf, the staff of FES 1, hoping that it will be the first offices in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; in the series of monographs Kampala, Uganda; and Nairobi, that VEAF intends to produce Kenya. with the intention of stimulating evidence based debate on how Among the FES staff who we wish best, as pointed out earlier, every to single out for special mention stakeholder in the region may is Dr. Stefan Chrobot, who was do whatever is in their power to the Resident Director of FES- promote “…the timely attainment Tanzania in the period when FES of the integration milestones as extended its cooperation support enshrined in the Treaty for the in the establishment of VEAF and Establishment of the East African the publication of this monograph. Community and accompanying Without wishing to personalize protocols.” what was after all an institutional undertaking, the Editorial Board The Editorial Board wishes to would like to acknowledge the acknowledge the support from personal commitment shown by various key individuals and Dr Stefan Chrobot, much as this organizations in the preparation was a commitment as a Resident of this booklet. The BoardDirector of FES-Tanzania, expresses its gratitude to the discharged on behalf of FES as Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES)an organization. He certainly for its cooperation support of took a very keen and close Vision East Africa Forum in interest in ensuring the successful general, and the support to the establishment of the Forum, as country research endeavours that well in the undertaking of its resulted in the research reports first EAC region-wide research from which this booklet draws its endeavour. It was during his content. We express this gratitude, tenure as the Resident Director to the FES as an organization as of FES-Tanzania that FES well as to the individuals who accepted the additional request A SYNTHESIS RESEARCH REPOrt ON THE PartICIPatION OF CITIZENS 4 IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY INTEGratION PROCESS to assist in the publication of this of “democracy and development” monograph, in the most glossy world-wide, and to “peace and but cost-effective format, and for security”, thus, helping to “shape this we are profoundly grateful globalization in a socially just to both FES as an organization way.” and to Dr. Stefan Chrobot as the individual who persuaded the FES We also express many thanks to to assist VEAF to such an extent. the immediate former Secretary A new Resident Director of FES- General of the EAC, Ambassador Tanzania, Mr. Rolf Paasch, took Dr. Juma Volter Mwapachu, who, over from Dr. Stefan Chrobot in in addition to the moral support March 2013 just as the process of for the idea of registering the publishing this Monograph was VEAF as a non-profit company, about to be completed and he, also offered to write the Foreword too, like his predecessor, showed to this monograph. His prelude great enthusiasm in having this offers us some insights as to where publication come out as soon as the EAC integration process possible. We are most grateful is, and the extent to which the for his personal support to the process may be taken further publishing initiative as well as to forward much more expeditiously the work of the visionary VEAF if greater participation by all moving forward. sections of East African society are encouraged by organizations
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