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Tynanthus Fasciculatus (Vell.) Miers - Modificação Da Ilustração Original Publicada Na Flora Brasiliensis, Volume 8, Parte 2 (1896) (Prancha 88)

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Tynanthus Fasciculatus (Vell.) Miers - Modificação Da Ilustração Original Publicada Na Flora Brasiliensis, Volume 8, Parte 2 (1896) (Prancha 88) Capa: Tynanthus fasciculatus (Vell.) Miers - Modificação da ilustração original publicada na Flora Brasiliensis, volume 8, parte 2 (1896) (Prancha 88). Maria Cláudia Melo Pacheco de Medeiros Revisão taxonômica, filogenia e evolução do nicho ecológico de Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) Taxonomic revision, phylogeny and evolution of the ecological niche of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas, na Área de Botânica. Orientadora: Lúcia G. Lohmann São Paulo 2014 Medeiros, Maria Cláudia Melo Pacheco de Revisão taxonômica, filogenia e evolução do nicho ecológico de Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) 179 páginas Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. 1. Bignoniaceae 2. Lianas 3. Sistemática 4. Biogeografia. I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. Comissão Julgadora: Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Profa. Dra. Lúcia G. Lohmann Orientadora Ao Rafael, com amor. “The affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree. I believe this simile largely speaks the truth. The green and budding twigs may represent existing species; and those produced during each former year may represent the long succession of extinct species. At each period of growth all the growing twigs have tried to branch out on all sides, and to overtop and kill the surrounding twigs and branches, in the same manner as species and groups of species have tried to overmaster other species in the great battle for life.” Charles Darwin (On the origin of species, Chapter IV) Agradecimentos Com grande satisfação, agradeço às instituições e pessoas que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. Ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, pela organização do curso de pós-graduação. Em especial, ao Departamento de Botânica e ao Laboratório de Sistemática, pela estrutura disponibilizada. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), pela bolsa concedida durante a maior parte do desenvolvimento da tese e ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Cnpq), pela bolsa usufruída nos meses iniciais. Agradeço, também, à International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), pelos recursos adicionais concedidos. À Dra. Lúcia Garcez Lohmann, pela oportunidade de desenvolver este estudo e pela orientação e apoio em sua realização. Muito obrigada pelos importantes ensinamentos durante a elaboração do projeto de tese e pela disponibilidade em discutir o andamento do trabalho e seus resultados, sempre que necessário. Agradeço, também, o incentivo em cada oportunidade de participação em curso, monitoria ou estágio, além do auxílio logístico. Foi muito gratificante desenvolver este trabalho sob sua orientação, que foi fundamental para meu crescimento profissional. Ao Dr. Antoine Guisan (Université de Lausanne), por me receber, tão gentilmente, em seu grupo de pesquisa. Apesar da curta duração, o estágio realizado foi uma importante e agradável experiência de intercâmbio de conhecimentos e de contato com pessoas de lugares e culturas diversos. Aos professores e instrutores dos cursos e disciplinas que realizei, ao longo desses anos, que tanto contribuíram para minha formação. Agradeço, também, às instituições responsáveis pela realização de tais cursos: IB-USP, Unesp-Botucatu, Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ) e University of California (UC). Aos membros da minha banca de Qualificação, Dr. José Rubens Pirani (USP), Dr. André Simões (Unicamp) e Dr. Pedro Fiaschi (UFSC), pelos comentários e as importantes sugestões. Aos curadores e demais responsáveis pelos acervos de herbários nacionais e estrangeiros visitados ou contatados ao longo do trabalho (citados no texto da tese), por permitirem o acesso às coleções e/ou pelo envio de materiais por empréstimo ao herbário SPF. Ao Klei Sousa, pela confecção das ilustrações botânicas que transmitem, graficamente, a beleza delicada das plantas estudadas. Ao Dr. Jefferson Prado, pelo auxílio com dúvidas nomenclaturais. Ao Dr. Tarciso Filgueiras, pelo auxílio com dúvidas relacionadas ao uso do latim. A todos que me auxiliaram na realização de trabalho de campo, em especial: Rafael Louzada, Felipe Rossetto, Anselmo Nogueira, Pedro Schwartsburd, Fernanda Karstedt, Thiago André, Maria Beatriz Caruzo e Marília Duarte. Agradeço, também, aos funcionários das Unidades de Conservação visitadas, pela ajuda com autorização de coleta ou estrutura e apoio oferecidos. Aos que me acompanharam e auxiliaram na realização do trabalho de laboratório de biologia molecular: Alexandre Zuntini, Luiz Fonseca e Maria Fernanda Calió. Ao Alexandre, em especial, por me ensinar a realizar corretamente cada etapa do trabalho, de maneira tão solícita e amigável. Obrigada por tornar esse longo caminho mais fácil e agradável. Aos amigos e (ex-)colegas do Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, pela boa convivência, companheirismo, auxílio e apoio, ao longo dos últimos anos. Em especial, Alexandre Zuntini, Alice Calvente, Anselmo Nogueira, Carolina Mittelstaedt, Fabiana Firetti, Leonardo Versieux, Luiz Fonseca e Maria Fernanda Calió. Ao Rafael Louzada, pela ajuda e os ensinamentos em diversas etapas do trabalho. Obrigada por seu apoio, otimismo e praticidade. Sua presença e seu amor sempre me levam muito além. Aos meus pais, irmãos, sobrinhos, avó e amigos, por dividirem comigo a realização de mais uma importante etapa. Índice Resumo ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 2 Introdução Geral ................................................................................................................... 3 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................... 5 Referências Bibliográficas .................................................................................................... 6 Figuras ................................................................................................................................... 8 Capítulo 1. Phylogeny and Biogeography of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae).11 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 12 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 13 Material and methods..........................................................................................................14 Results ..................................................................................................................................16 Discussion ............................................................................................................................19 References ........................................................................................................................... 23 Tables .................................................................................................................................. 27 Figures ................................................................................................................................. 29 Appendix .............................................................................................................................. 31 Supplementary material ..................................................................................................... 33 Capítulo 2. Two new species of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from Brazil.37 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 38 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 38 Material and methods......................................................................................................... 39 References ........................................................................................................................... 44 Figures ................................................................................................................................. 46 Capítulo 3. Taxonomic Revision of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) ........... 48 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 49 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 50 Material and methods.......................................................................................................... 51 Results ................................................................................................................................. 52 References ......................................................................................................................... 109 Index to specimens examined ..........................................................................................
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